제적하다 30秒了解
- A formal verb meaning to remove a student from the school registry, effectively ending their enrollment status.
- Commonly used in university settings for administrative reasons like non-payment or academic failure.
- Distinguished from '퇴학' (expulsion for behavior) by its technical and administrative focus on the 'registry'.
- Often used in the passive form '제적되다' (to be removed/expelled) in everyday academic contexts.
The Korean verb 제적하다 (jejeok-hada) is a formal, administrative term used primarily in academic and official settings. At its core, it refers to the act of removing someone's name from a formal register or roll, most commonly a school registry. Unlike the more common word '퇴학시키다' (to expel), which often carries a heavy connotation of punishment for bad behavior, 제적하다 is broader and more clinical. It is the technical process of terminating a student's status at an institution. This can happen for a variety of reasons: failing to pay tuition, exceeding the maximum allowed time to graduate, receiving too many academic warnings (academic probation), or as a disciplinary measure. When you hear this word, think of a registrar's office deleting a file or crossing a name off a permanent list. It is a word of high formality, used in official documents, news reports, and formal university announcements.
- Etymological Root
- The word is composed of two Hanja characters: 除 (제) meaning 'to remove' or 'to exclude', and 籍 (적) meaning 'register' or 'record'. Together, they literally mean 'to remove from the record'.
대학교는 등록금을 미납한 학생들을 규정에 따라 제적하다.
(The university expels students who have not paid their tuition according to the regulations.)
In South Korean society, being '제적' (expelled/removed) from a university is a significant event. Because university prestige is highly valued, the administrative removal of a student is often seen as a final, irreversible step. However, universities often have policies for '재입학' (readmission) after a certain period, which differentiates it from '출교' (permanent expulsion with no possibility of return), the harshest form of academic punishment. You will encounter this word in news articles discussing student activists who were removed from school in the past, or in modern contexts regarding students who 'ghost' their classes after failing to register for courses.
- Administrative Context
- It is frequently paired with '학사경고' (academic warning). If a student receives three academic warnings, the university will 제적하다 that student automatically.
그는 학업 성적 불량으로 인해 제적당했다.
(He was expelled due to poor academic performance.)
Beyond schools, this word can occasionally be used in other organizations that maintain a '적' (registry), such as political parties or professional associations, though '제명하다' (to expel/disenroll) is more common in those cases. The focus of 제적하다 remains firmly on the removal from an official list that grants status or membership. In modern legal language, '제적' is the term used in the 'Family Register' (now replaced by the Family Relation Certificate) to indicate that a person is no longer part of a specific household due to death or marriage, though the verb form '제적하다' is less common there than the noun '제적'.
Using 제적하다 correctly requires understanding its formal nature. It is almost always used with an institutional subject like '학교' (school), '대학' (university), or '위원회' (committee). Because it is a transitive verb, it takes an object—usually the person being removed, followed by the object marker -를/을. However, in most practical conversations, you will hear the passive forms 제적되다 (to be expelled/removed) or 제적당하다 (to suffer expulsion).
- Standard Active Pattern
- [Institution] + [Person]을/를 + [Reason]으로 + 제적하다.
본교는 학칙을 위반한 학생들을 제적하기로 결정했습니다.
(This school has decided to expel students who violated school regulations.)
When discussing the reason for removal, we often use the particle -으로 (due to/by) or the phrase -로 인해. Common reasons include '미등록' (failure to register), '미납' (non-payment), or '성적 미달' (failure to meet grade requirements). In advanced academic writing, you might see it used in the context of '제적 처리하다' (to process the removal from the register), which emphasizes the administrative procedure over the act itself.
- Passive Usage (Most Common)
- The student is the subject: [Student] + 가/이 + 제적되다.
그는 군 복무 중 복학하지 않아 결국 제적되었다.
(He was eventually expelled because he did not return to school after his military service.)
Another important aspect is the 'period of removal'. In Korean universities, there is a concept called '재학 연한 초과 제적' (expulsion due to exceeding the maximum years of enrollment). This applies to students who stay in school too long without graduating. When using 제적하다 in this context, it highlights the strict adherence to institutional timelines. It is also important to note that 제적하다 is rarely used in informal, spoken Korean among friends. Instead, people might say '학교에서 잘렸어' (I got cut from school) or '학교 그만두게 됐어' (I ended up quitting school). Reserve 제적하다 for when you want to sound precise, objective, or when you are discussing official status.
- Conditional Usage
- Often used in warnings: '...할 경우 제적될 수 있습니다' (If you do ..., you may be expelled).
이번 학기에도 등록금을 내지 않으면 학교 측에서 너를 제적할 거야.
(If you don't pay tuition this semester too, the school will expel you.)
You are most likely to encounter 제적하다 in the high-pressure world of South Korean academia. If you are a student at a Korean university, the word appears in the '학칙' (school regulations) handbook and on the '학사 공지' (academic announcements) board. It is the dreaded word that follows a string of '학사경고' (academic warnings). In this context, it is not just a word but a significant life event that affects one's career prospects and social standing.
- In the Media
- News reports often use '제적' when discussing university scandals or administrative cleanups. For instance, if a university is found to have 'ghost students' (students who are enrolled but never attend), the news will report that the ministry ordered the university to 제적하다 those students to maintain academic integrity.
교육부는 부정 입학이 확인된 학생들을 즉각 제적하라고 지시했다.
(The Ministry of Education ordered the immediate expulsion of students whose fraudulent admission was confirmed.)
Another common place to hear this word is in historical or political discussions. During Korea's democratization movement in the 1970s and 80s, many student activists were 제적 from their universities by the government for participating in protests. Today, many of these individuals have been '명예 제적' (honorarily expelled - though this is rare) or more commonly '복권' (reinstated). You might hear a famous politician say in an interview, '저는 대학 시절 민주화 운동을 하다가 제적당했습니다' (I was expelled from university while doing the democratization movement).
- In TV Dramas
- In K-Dramas involving medical schools or law schools (like 'Law School' or 'Hospital Playlist'), the threat of being 제적 is a common plot device used to create tension for the characters who are struggling with their studies or ethical dilemmas.
너 이번 시험 망치면 정말 제적될지도 몰라.
(If you mess up this exam, you might really get expelled.)
Finally, you might hear this word in the military or other strict hierarchical organizations. If a soldier is removed from the military register due to a dishonorable discharge, the term '제적' may appear in their official records. In all these cases, the word carries a weight of finality and institutional authority. It is the language of the 'system' acting upon the 'individual'.
The most common mistake learners make with 제적하다 is confusing it with other words for 'leaving' or 'being kicked out'. Because Korean has many words for 'expulsion' depending on the severity and the institution, using the wrong one can change the meaning of your sentence significantly.
- Mistake 1: 제적하다 vs. 퇴학시키다
- While often translated as 'expel', 제적하다 is administrative (removal from the list), whereas 퇴학시키다 is more about the disciplinary act of forcing someone out of school. You can be 제적 simply because you forgot to register for classes, but you are usually 퇴학 because you broke a major rule.
❌ 군대를 가서 학교를 퇴학했다.
✅ 군대를 가서 휴학 기간이 지나 제적되었다.
(The first sounds like you were kicked out for a crime; the second correctly implies administrative removal due to absence.)
Another mistake is using 제적하다 for jobs. If you are fired from a company, you do not use 제적하다. The correct words would be '해고하다' (to fire) or '권고사직' (recommended resignation). 제적하다 is strictly for registers (적), usually in schools or membership organizations.
- Mistake 2: 제적 vs. 제명
- '제명하다' (제명) is used for removing a name from a list of members (like a club or political party). While similar to 제적, 제명 often implies a social or political expulsion, whereas 제적 is the standard term for school enrollment records.
그는 정당에서 제명당했다 (He was expelled from the party) - CORRECT.
그는 정당에서 제적당했다 - INCORRECT/AWKWARD.
Lastly, avoid using this word in casual conversation with friends unless you are specifically talking about official university status. If you just want to say someone isn't in school anymore, '학교 그만뒀어' or '학교 잘렸어' are much more natural. Using 제적하다 in a coffee shop conversation might make you sound like a university administrator or a news anchor.
To master 제적하다, you must understand its place within a family of words related to leaving or being removed from an institution. Each has a specific nuance that dictates its use.
- 1. 퇴학시키다 (To Expel)
- This is the most direct translation of 'to expel'. It is used when a student is forced to leave school, usually due to disciplinary issues or criminal behavior. It is a very strong word. 제적하다 is the administrative umbrella that includes 퇴학, but 제적 can also be for non-punitive reasons like unpaid fees.
- 2. 자퇴하다 (To Drop Out)
- This is a voluntary action. If a student decides to leave school on their own accord, they 자퇴. After they 자퇴, the school will 제적 them from the registry as a result.
- 3. 제명하다 (To Expel/Excommunicate)
- Used for organizations, clubs, or political parties. '명' (name) refers to the list of members. It sounds more like 'removing a name from the rolls' in a social or political sense.
- 4. 출교하다 (To Permanently Expel)
- The harshest form of expulsion in Korean universities. Unlike 제적, which often allows for readmission (재입학) later, 출교 means the student's records are essentially erased, and they can never return to that school.
Comparison:
- 제적: Administrative (The registry says you're gone).
- 퇴학: Disciplinary (You are kicked out).
- 자퇴: Voluntary (You chose to leave).
- 출교: Permanent (You can never come back).
Choosing the right word depends on the reason and the formality of the situation. In a legal or official university document, 제적하다 is the safest and most accurate term to describe the termination of enrollment status. In a casual conversation about a friend who stopped going to class, '학교 안 다녀' (he doesn't go to school) or '그만뒀어' (he quit) is better.
按水平分级的例句
학교에서 제적되었어요.
I was removed from the school list.
Passive form '제적되다' is used here.
그는 학교를 제적당했어요.
He suffered expulsion from school.
'-당하다' adds a sense of suffering an unwanted action.
공부를 안 하면 제적해요?
If I don't study, do they expel me?
Simple question using the active form.
제적은 너무 슬퍼요.
Expulsion is very sad.
Noun form '제적' used as a subject.
친구가 제적됐어요.
My friend got expelled.
Shortened passive form '제적됐다'.
왜 제적해요?
Why do they expel?
Asking for a reason.
제적하지 마세요.
Please don't expel me.
'-지 마세요' for a request.
제적은 무서워요.
Expulsion is scary.
Describing a feeling about the noun.
등록금을 안 내면 학교가 제적해요.
If you don't pay tuition, the school expels you.
Conditional '-면' used with active verb.
그 학생은 작년에 제적당했습니다.
That student was expelled last year.
Formal past tense '-았습니다'.
제적되면 다시 입학할 수 있어요?
If I get expelled, can I enter again?
'-ㄹ 수 있어요' expressing possibility.
학교 규칙을 어기면 제적합니다.
If you break school rules, they expel you.
Formal present tense '-합니다'.
제적 소식을 듣고 놀랐어요.
I was surprised to hear the news of expulsion.
Noun '제적' used as a modifier for '소식'.
그는 성적 때문에 제적될 뻔했어요.
He almost got expelled because of his grades.
'-ㄹ 뻔했다' means 'almost happened'.
제적 명단을 확인하세요.
Please check the expulsion list.
Imperative '-세요'.
제적 처리가 완료되었습니다.
The expulsion process has been completed.
Formal passive with '완료되다'.
그는 세 번의 학사경고 끝에 결국 제적당했다.
He was eventually expelled after three academic warnings.
'- 끝에' indicates a result after a long process.
우리 대학교는 미등록 학생들을 매년 제적한다.
Our university expels unregistered students every year.
Plain style '-ㄴ다' used for facts.
제적된 후에도 그는 포기하지 않고 공부했다.
Even after being expelled, he didn't give up and studied.
'-ㄴ 후' indicates 'after'.
학교 측은 그를 제적하기로 최종 결정했다.
The school side made a final decision to expel him.
'-기로 결정하다' means 'to decide to'.
제적 사유가 무엇인지 정확히 알고 싶어요.
I want to know exactly what the reason for expulsion is.
Indirect question '-는지'.
그는 군대 문제로 인해 제적 위기에 처했다.
He faced the crisis of expulsion due to military issues.
'-로 인해' means 'due to'.
제적된 학생들을 위한 재입학 절차가 있나요?
Is there a readmission procedure for expelled students?
'-를 위한' means 'for'.
그는 부당하게 제적되었다고 주장하고 있다.
He is claiming that he was unfairly expelled.
'-고 주장하다' means 'to claim that'.
총장은 학칙에 따라 위반 학생들을 제적할 것을 명령했다.
The president ordered the expulsion of the violating students according to school regulations.
'-ㄹ 것을 명령하다' is a formal command structure.
학사경고 누적으로 인해 제적되는 사례가 늘고 있다.
Cases of being expelled due to accumulated academic warnings are increasing.
'-고 있다' indicates a current trend.
그는 과거 학생 운동에 참여했다는 이유로 제적당했다.
He was expelled for the reason that he participated in a past student movement.
'-는다는 이유로' explains the cause.
제적 처분이 내려지기 전에 소명 기회를 주어야 한다.
An opportunity to explain must be given before an expulsion order is issued.
'-기 전에' means 'before'.
그는 제적된 지 2년 만에 다시 학교로 돌아왔다.
He returned to school 2 years after being expelled.
'-ㄴ 지 [time] 만에' indicates time elapsed.
학교 당국은 무단결석이 잦은 학생을 제적하기로 했다.
The school authorities decided to expel students with frequent unauthorized absences.
'-기로 하다' indicates a decision.
제적 명단에 내 이름이 있을까 봐 걱정돼.
I'm worried my name might be on the expulsion list.
'-ㄹ까 봐' expresses worry or fear.
그는 제적당한 사실을 부모님께 숨기고 있었다.
He was hiding the fact that he was expelled from his parents.
'-고 있었다' is past progressive.
대학 본부는 학칙을 엄격히 적용하여 해당 학생을 제적하기로 확정했다.
The university headquarters confirmed the decision to expel the student in question by strictly applying the school regulations.
Adverbial usage of '엄격히' (strictly).
그는 제적 처분의 부당함을 알리기 위해 행정 소송을 제기했다.
He filed an administrative lawsuit to announce the unfairness of the expulsion order.
'-기 위해' indicates purpose.
학업을 지속할 의사가 없는 것으로 판단되어 제적 처리되었다.
It was judged that there was no intention to continue studies, so the expulsion was processed.
'-어/아서' (implied) showing cause and result.
과거 독재 정권 시절에는 많은 지식인들이 대학에서 제적당했다.
During the past dictatorial regimes, many intellectuals were expelled from universities.
Formal plural marker '-들'.
제적은 학생의 학습권을 박탈하는 중대한 행정 조치이다.
Expulsion is a significant administrative measure that deprives a student of their right to learn.
Defining a term using '...는 ...이다'.
재학 연한이 초과되면 별도의 통보 없이 자동으로 제적된다.
If the enrollment period is exceeded, one is automatically expelled without separate notice.
'-면' conditional with '자동으로' (automatically).
그는 제적 상태에서도 도서관에 몰래 들어가 공부를 계속했다.
Even while in a state of expulsion, he secretly entered the library and continued his studies.
'-아/어도' meaning 'even though'.
대학은 제적된 학생들에게 재입학 기회를 부여함으로써 책임을 다하고 있다.
The university is fulfilling its responsibility by granting readmission opportunities to expelled students.
'-음으로써' indicates the means or method.
해당 사안은 징계위원회의 심의를 거쳐 제적 여부가 결정될 예정이다.
The matter is scheduled to have its expulsion status decided after deliberation by the disciplinary committee.
'-을 예정이다' means 'is scheduled to'.
그의 제적은 단순한 학업 부진이 아닌 정치적 탄압의 결과였다.
His expulsion was the result of political oppression, not simple academic poor performance.
'A이/가 아닌 B이다' structure.
대학은 학생을 제적함에 있어 적법한 절차를 준수해야 할 의무가 있다.
The university has an obligation to comply with lawful procedures in expelling a student.
'-함에 있어' means 'in the process of doing'.
제적된 자의 학적 기록은 영구히 보존되나 학생 신분은 상실된다.
The academic records of an expelled person are preserved permanently, but student status is lost.
Contrastive '-나' (but).
그는 명예 제적을 당한 선배들의 복권 운동에 앞장섰다.
He took the lead in the movement for the reinstatement of seniors who had been honorarily expelled.
'-에 앞장서다' means 'to lead'.
학칙 개정안에는 제적 요건을 완화하는 내용이 포함되어 있다.
The school regulation amendment includes content that eases the requirements for expulsion.
'-어/아 있다' shows a resulting state.
제적 처분은 학생의 장래에 지대한 영향을 미치는 가혹한 조치일 수 있다.
An expulsion order can be a harsh measure that has a profound impact on a student's future.
'-ㄹ 수 있다' expressing possibility.
그는 제적의 아픔을 딛고 자수성가한 기업가로 변신했다.
He overcame the pain of expulsion and transformed into a self-made entrepreneur.
'-을 딛고' means 'overcoming' or 'stepping on'.
常见搭配
常用短语
— To be expelled or removed from the register. This is the most common way to express the passive experience.
그는 결국 학교에서 제적을 당했다.
— To process an expulsion. This emphasizes the administrative paperwork involved.
대학 본부는 미등록 학생들을 제적 처리했다.
— To be on the verge of being expelled. Used when someone is close to failing or missing a deadline.
성적이 너무 안 좋아서 제적될 위기에 있다.
— To avoid being expelled. Often used when a student barely passes or pays at the last minute.
그는 마지막 기회에 등록금을 내어 제적을 피했다.
— To be put on the expulsion list. A very formal and scary phrase for students.
학사경고를 세 번 받으면 제적 명단에 오른다.
— Unfair or illegal expulsion. Often used in legal or protest contexts.
학생들은 부당 제적에 항의했다.
— Proof of expulsion. A document showing that a person's enrollment was terminated.
제적 증명이 필요합니다.
— Returning to school after being expelled. This refers to the readmission process.
제적 후 복학하는 절차는 까다롭다.
— Permanent expulsion. Similar to '출교', meaning the student can never return.
Summary
The word '제적하다' is the clinical, administrative way to say 'expel' in Korean. It literally means 'removing from the register'. Example: '등록금 미납으로 제적당했다' (I was expelled due to non-payment of tuition).
- A formal verb meaning to remove a student from the school registry, effectively ending their enrollment status.
- Commonly used in university settings for administrative reasons like non-payment or academic failure.
- Distinguished from '퇴학' (expulsion for behavior) by its technical and administrative focus on the 'registry'.
- Often used in the passive form '제적되다' (to be removed/expelled) in everyday academic contexts.
例句
그는 규칙 위반으로 학교에서 제적되었습니다.
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입체적
B2具有三维效果，或从多个角度而非单一平面视角观察事物。
~에 관해
B1表示“关于”或“有关”的短语。常用于正式场合或书面语中，用来引出主题。
~에 대하여
A2关于或涉及到某个特定的主题。「关于这个问题，我有一个想法。」
~대해
A2意思是“关于”或“对于”。用于表示谈论、思考或写作的主题。
~에 관하여
A2关于或涉及某个主题。用于正式场合，如报告或演讲。
~에 대해(서)
A1表示讨论的话题或主题，意思是“关于”或“对于”。通常与说话、思考或了解等动词连用。
무엇보다
A2最重要的是；比什么都……
결석생
A2A student who is absent from class.
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B2抽象化：从许多事物中，舍弃个别的、非本质的属性，抽出共同的、本质的属性。
추상
A2Abstraction; the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
