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B1 verb #2,500 最常用 12分钟阅读

승인하다

At the A1 level, learners are just beginning to understand basic Korean vocabulary. The word 승인하다 (to approve) is generally too formal and complex for everyday survival Korean, which focuses on simple greetings, ordering food, and basic personal information. However, A1 learners might encounter this word passively, especially if they are living in Korea or using Korean apps. For instance, when setting up a Korean bank account or downloading a local application, they might see a button that says '승인' (Approve) next to '거절' (Decline). At this stage, the goal is not to use the word in complex sentences, but simply to recognize it as a formal 'YES' or 'OK' in digital or official contexts. A1 learners should focus on memorizing the visual shape of the word and its basic meaning so they know which button to click when a screen prompts them for permission. They might also hear it in a very simplified context, such as a teacher saying '승인했어요' (I approved it) regarding a simple request, though '허락했어요' would be more common. The primary objective at A1 is sight recognition and understanding its function as a positive confirmation in formal or technological settings.
As learners progress to the A2 level, they begin to form simple sentences and understand more about daily routines and basic transactions. At this stage, the understanding of 승인하다 expands slightly. Learners might start using it in very basic, structured sentences related to their immediate needs, such as dealing with immigration, banking, or simple workplace interactions if they are working part-time. They learn the basic conjugation: 승인해요 (polite present) and 승인했어요 (polite past). An A2 learner might be able to say '비자가 승인됐어요' (My visa was approved) or understand a bank teller saying '카드가 승인되었습니다' (The card has been approved). They start to grasp the difference between asking a friend for a favor and getting official permission for something important. While they might not yet understand the complex nuances between similar words, they know that 승인하다 is the 'serious' word for approval. Practice at this level involves recognizing the word in short text messages from banks or official institutions and being able to report the status of a basic application or request using simple past tense forms.
At the B1 level, learners are capable of handling most situations likely to arise while travelling or living in an area where the language is spoken. This is the level where 승인하다 becomes an active and essential part of their vocabulary. B1 learners can use the word in professional and administrative contexts with confidence. They understand the critical grammatical distinction between the active form (승인하다) and the passive form (승인되다), and they can use the correct particles (을/를 vs. 이/가) accordingly. A B1 learner can write a simple email to a manager saying '휴가 신청서를 승인해 주세요' (Please approve my vacation request) or report in a meeting that '예산이 아직 승인되지 않았습니다' (The budget hasn't been approved yet). They also begin to understand collocations, such as '승인을 받다' (to receive approval) and '승인을 요청하다' (to request approval). At this stage, learners are aware that they should not use this word for casual situations, demonstrating a growing awareness of Korean pragmatics and register. They can comprehend standard workplace conversations and official announcements where this vocabulary is featured prominently.
B2 learners possess a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. At this level, the use of 승인하다 becomes highly nuanced and accurate. Learners can engage in complex discussions about policies, business strategies, and administrative processes. They can use advanced grammar structures in conjunction with the word, such as '-기로 승인하다' (to approve to do something) or express hypothetical situations like '만약 이사회에서 이 안건을 승인한다면...' (If the board of directors approves this agenda...). B2 learners are also fully capable of distinguishing 승인하다 from its near-synonyms like 허가하다, 결재하다, and 동의하다, choosing the precise word that fits the specific bureaucratic or corporate context. They can read and understand formal business documents, news articles about government legislation, and complex terms of service agreements where this word is used extensively. Their ability to use honorifics correctly when requesting approval from superiors (e.g., 승인해 주시기를 부탁드립니다) is well-developed, allowing them to navigate Korean corporate culture smoothly.
At the C1 level, learners can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic, and professional purposes. For a C1 learner, 승인하다 is just one tool in a vast arsenal of advanced vocabulary. They can understand implicit meanings and read between the lines in complex business negotiations or political debates involving approvals and authorizations. They can use the word in highly sophisticated sentence structures, incorporating advanced connective endings and idiomatic expressions. For example, they might say, '해당 부처의 최종 승인이 떨어지기 전까지는 섣불리 움직일 수 없는 상황입니다' (We are in a situation where we cannot act hastily until the final approval from the relevant department is granted). C1 learners can write persuasive proposals, formal reports, and academic papers where precise terminology regarding authorization is required. They understand the historical and cultural weight of bureaucratic processes in Korea and how the concept of '승인' reflects the hierarchical nature of Korean institutions. Their usage is virtually indistinguishable from an educated native speaker in professional settings.
C2 learners have mastered the language and can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. At this pinnacle of proficiency, the understanding and application of 승인하다 are absolute. A C2 learner can effortlessly navigate the most complex legal, political, and corporate texts where subtle distinctions in authorization terminology carry significant legal or financial consequences. They can engage in high-level debates about regulatory frameworks, constitutional law, or international treaties, using words like 승인하다, 비준하다 (to ratify), and 인가하다 (to authorize) with pinpoint accuracy. They can manipulate the language to express irony, skepticism, or subtle pressure regarding an approval process. For instance, they might critique a bureaucratic delay by saying, '형식적인 승인 절차에 불과함에도 불구하고 차일피일 미루고 있다' (Even though it is merely a formal approval process, they are putting it off day after day). At the C2 level, the word is fully integrated into their linguistic intuition, allowing for effortless, authoritative, and culturally profound communication in any conceivable context.
开始练习 例句 笔记与提示

승인하다 30秒了解

  • Means 'to approve' or 'to authorize' formally.
  • Used in business, finance, and government contexts.
  • Active form: 을/를 승인하다. Passive form: 이/가 승인되다.
  • Not used for casual, personal permission (use 허락하다 instead).

The Korean verb 승인하다 (seung-inhada) is a formal and essential vocabulary word that translates to 'to approve,' 'to authorize,' or 'to grant official permission.' Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to navigate professional, administrative, or bureaucratic environments in South Korea. The word is derived from Sino-Korean roots, specifically the Hanja characters 承 (seung), which means 'to receive' or 'to inherit,' and 認 (in), which means 'to recognize' or 'to acknowledge.' When combined, these characters form a concept that goes beyond simple agreement; it implies a formal recognition and acceptance of a request, proposal, or document by an authority figure or governing body. This formal nature distinguishes it from more casual words for permission. In everyday life, you will encounter this word frequently in banking, corporate settings, government offices, and even in digital interfaces when an app requests permission to access your data. To truly master this word, one must understand its weight and the contexts in which it is appropriate. It is not used for asking a friend for a favor or getting permission from a parent to go out. Instead, it is reserved for situations where there is a clear hierarchy or a standardized process that requires an official stamp of approval. For example, a manager approves a budget, a government approves a visa, or a bank approves a loan. The passive form, 승인되다 (to be approved), is equally common and is often used when the focus is on the status of the request rather than the person granting the approval. Learning to use both the active and passive forms accurately will significantly elevate your Korean proficiency, especially in business or formal contexts. Furthermore, understanding the nuances of 승인하다 helps learners grasp the hierarchical nature of Korean society and business culture, where official channels and proper authorization are highly valued. By mastering this vocabulary, you not only improve your language skills but also gain insight into the structural and procedural aspects of Korean professional life.

Hanja Roots
承 (seung) - to receive; 認 (in) - to recognize.

위원회는 새로운 예산안을 승인하다.

The committee approves the new budget proposal.

When you submit a document, it goes through a process before it is finalized. This process often involves multiple levels of review. The final step is the official approval, which is where this verb comes into play. It signifies the end of the review process and the beginning of implementation.

Noun Form
승인 (Approval, Authorization)

대출이 마침내 승인되었습니다.

The loan has finally been approved.

In digital contexts, whenever you make an online purchase using a credit card, the payment gateway must authorize the transaction. The message you see on the screen will often use this exact vocabulary word, indicating that the financial institution has recognized and allowed the transfer of funds.

Digital Context
결제 승인 (Payment approval)

앱의 접근 권한을 승인하시겠습니까?

Would you like to approve the app's access permissions?

Understanding the difference between active and passive voice is crucial here. If you are the boss, you do the approving (승인하다). If you are the employee, your request gets approved (승인되다). This distinction is a common stumbling block for learners but is essential for accurate communication.

사장이 프로젝트를 승인했다.

The boss approved the project.

프로젝트가 승인되었다.

The project was approved.

Using the verb 승인하다 correctly requires a solid understanding of Korean sentence structure and particle usage. Because it is a transitive verb in its active form, it requires an object. The object is the thing being approved, such as a plan, a budget, a request, or a document. Therefore, you must use the object particles 을 or 를 attached to the noun preceding the verb. For example, '예산을 승인하다' means 'to approve the budget.' The subject of the sentence is the person or entity granting the approval, which takes the subject particles 이/가 or the topic particles 은/는. For instance, '이사회는 예산을 승인했다' translates to 'The board of directors approved the budget.' It is also crucial to master the passive form, 승인되다 (to be approved). In the passive voice, the thing being approved becomes the subject of the sentence and takes the subject particles 이 or 가. For example, '예산이 승인되었다' means 'The budget was approved.' This passive construction is incredibly common in business and administrative contexts because the focus is often on the outcome (the approval of the document) rather than the specific individual who stamped it. Another common grammatical structure used with this verb is '-기로 승인하다,' which means 'to approve to do [something].' This is used when a governing body approves a specific action or plan. For example, '정부는 새로운 법안을 시행하기로 승인했다' means 'The government approved to implement the new bill.' Additionally, you will frequently encounter the noun form, 승인, used with other verbs. Common phrases include '승인을 받다' (to receive approval), '승인을 요청하다' (to request approval), and '승인이 떨어지다' (for approval to be granted/to fall). These phrases are essential for navigating workplace communications. When writing emails or formal requests, you might use polite and honorific forms, such as '승인해 주시기 바랍니다' (Please approve this) or '승인 부탁드립니다' (I request your approval). Mastering these various structures and collocations will allow you to communicate effectively and professionally in any formal Korean setting.

Active Structure
[Subject]이/가 [Object]을/를 승인하다

팀장이 휴가 신청서를 승인했습니다.

The team leader approved the vacation request form.

When you want to express that you are waiting for an outcome, you often use the noun form combined with verbs related to waiting or receiving. This is a very natural way to speak in a corporate environment.

Passive Structure
[Subject]이/가 승인되다

내년도 예산안이 무사히 승인되었습니다.

Next year's budget proposal was safely approved.

In formal requests, especially written ones, you must use the appropriate level of politeness. Adding '주시다' (to give) makes the request for approval much more polite and respectful to the superior.

Polite Request
승인해 주시다 (To kindly approve)

이 기안을 승인해 주시기 바랍니다.

Please kindly approve this draft.

본사에서 최종 승인하기로 결정했습니다.

The headquarters decided to finally approve it.

아직 승인을 받지 못했습니다.

I haven't received approval yet.

The verb 승인하다 is ubiquitous in specific domains of Korean life, primarily those involving business, finance, government, and technology. If you work in a Korean company, this word will be a part of your daily vocabulary. You will hear it in meetings when discussing whether a project can move forward, in emails requesting a manager's signature on a proposal, and in the internal electronic approval systems (전자결재 시스템) used by almost all modern Korean corporations. In these systems, documents move through a chain of command, and each person in the chain must 'approve' (승인) the document before it reaches the final decision-maker. In the financial sector, this word is equally critical. When you apply for a credit card, a mortgage, or a personal loan, the bank's underwriting department must review your application and 'approve' it. You will receive text messages or emails stating that your transaction or application has been 승인되었습니다 (approved) or 거절되었습니다 (rejected). Furthermore, every time you swipe a credit card at a store, the point-of-sale terminal connects to the card issuer to get 'payment approval' (결제 승인). If the network is down or the card is declined, the clerk might say '승인이 안 떨어지네요' (The approval isn't going through). In government and administrative contexts, this word is used for visas, building permits, business licenses, and legislative bills. When the National Assembly passes a law, or a city council allows a new construction project, they are granting official approval. Finally, in our increasingly digital world, you will see this word on your smartphone constantly. When you install a new application, it will ask you to 'approve' permissions to access your camera, contacts, or location. Software updates, terms of service agreements, and login authentications all utilize the concept of formal authorization, making this word an unavoidable part of modern digital literacy in Korean.

Corporate Context
전자결재 (Electronic approval system)

결재 서류가 아직 승인되지 않았습니다.

The approval document has not been approved yet.

Banking is another major area. Whether it's a small transaction at a convenience store or a massive corporate loan, the financial institution must validate the action. The terminology used is standardized across the industry.

Financial Context
대출 승인 (Loan approval)

신용카드 결제가 승인되었습니다.

The credit card payment has been approved.

In the realm of government and law, official bodies must authorize actions. This ensures that everything is done according to regulations and public policy. News broadcasts frequently use this term when reporting on political or economic developments.

Government Context
법안 승인 (Bill approval)

국회에서 새로운 법안을 승인했습니다.

The National Assembly approved the new bill.

비자 발급이 마침내 승인되었습니다.

The visa issuance was finally approved.

사용자 약관에 승인하셔야 앱을 사용할 수 있습니다.

You must approve the user terms to use the app.

One of the most frequent mistakes Korean learners make with the word 승인하다 is using it in inappropriate, informal contexts. Because English uses the word 'approve' or 'allow' quite broadly, learners often translate these directly into Korean without considering the register. For example, if a teenager wants to ask their parents for permission to go to a party, saying '파티에 가는 것을 승인해 주세요' (Please approve my going to the party) sounds incredibly unnatural and robotic, as if the teenager is submitting a formal corporate proposal to a board of directors. In such personal, everyday situations, the word 허락하다 (to allow/permit) is the correct choice. Another common error involves confusing the active and passive forms, leading to incorrect particle usage. Learners might say '예산을 승인되었다' (mixing the object particle with the passive verb) instead of the correct '예산이 승인되었다' (The budget was approved) or '예산을 승인했다' (Someone approved the budget). It is vital to remember that 승인하다 requires an object (을/를), while 승인되다 requires a subject (이/가). Furthermore, learners sometimes confuse 승인하다 with 인정하다 (to acknowledge/admit). While both involve a form of acceptance, 인정하다 is used when accepting a fact, a mistake, or someone's ability, whereas 승인하다 is strictly for granting official permission for an action or document. For instance, you 'admit' (인정하다) that you made an error, but your boss 'approves' (승인하다) your request to fix it. Lastly, learners might incorrectly use the preposition '에' (to/at) with this verb, such as '프로젝트에 승인하다.' This is grammatically incorrect; the verb acts directly on the object, so it must be '프로젝트를 승인하다.' By paying close attention to the level of formality, the active/passive distinction, and the correct particles, you can avoid these common pitfalls and sound much more fluent and natural in your Korean communication.

Incorrect Context
엄마, 게임하는 거 승인해 주세요. (X)

엄마, 게임하는 거 허락해 주세요. (O)

Mom, please allow me to play games.

Particle errors are the bane of many Korean learners. The distinction between doing an action and having an action done to something is strictly enforced by particles in Korean. Mixing them up changes the meaning or makes the sentence ungrammatical.

Particle Error
계획을 승인되었다. (X)

계획이 승인되었다. (O)

The plan was approved.

Vocabulary confusion is also common. Because English words can have multiple meanings, learners map one English word to one Korean word, ignoring the nuanced differences in usage between similar Korean verbs.

Vocabulary Confusion
내 실수를 승인했다. (X - I approved my mistake)

내 실수를 인정했다. (O)

I admitted my mistake.

부장님이 내 제안을 승인하셨다.

The manager approved my proposal.

이 서류를 승인해 주시겠습니까?

Could you please approve this document?

The Korean language is rich with vocabulary related to permission, agreement, and authorization, and distinguishing between these similar words is key to achieving advanced fluency. While 승인하다 is the standard word for formal approval, several other verbs occupy similar semantic territory but carry distinct nuances. 허가하다 (to permit/license) is closely related but is typically used in legal or governmental contexts where a specific right or license is granted. For example, the government 'permits' (허가하다) a company to build a factory, whereas a manager 'approves' (승인하다) the budget for that factory. 결재하다 (to approve a document) is a highly specific term used almost exclusively in office environments. It refers to the physical or electronic act of a superior signing off on a subordinate's drafted document (기안서). While a manager might 승인하다 a project conceptually, they 결재하다 the actual paperwork. 허락하다 (to allow/permit) is the informal counterpart to 승인하다. It is used in personal relationships, such as a parent allowing a child to go out, or a teacher permitting a student to leave early. Using 승인하다 in these contexts would sound comically bureaucratic. 동의하다 (to agree) means to share the same opinion or to give consent, but it lacks the hierarchical, authoritative weight of 승인하다. You can 'agree' (동의하다) with a colleague's idea, but you cannot 'approve' (승인하다) it unless you are their boss. Finally, 인정하다 (to acknowledge/admit) is used when accepting a fact, a truth, or someone's status, rather than granting permission for an action. For instance, you 'acknowledge' (인정하다) someone's hard work. Understanding these subtle differences allows you to choose the exact right word for the situation, demonstrating a deep and nuanced command of the Korean language. It shows that you understand not just the dictionary definition, but the cultural and contextual rules that govern how these words are actually used by native speakers.

허가하다 vs 승인하다
허가 is more about legal permission or licenses; 승인 is general formal approval.

시청에서 건축을 허가했습니다.

The city hall permitted the construction.

In a corporate setting, the distinction between agreeing with a concept and officially signing off on it is important. One is collaborative, the other is authoritative.

동의하다 (To agree)
Focuses on shared opinion or consent.

당신의 의견에 전적으로 동의합니다.

I completely agree with your opinion.

Personal permission is an entirely different category of vocabulary. Mixing formal bureaucratic terms with family dynamics sounds very unnatural in Korean.

허락하다 (To allow)
Used for personal, informal permission.

부모님이 유학을 허락하셨어요.

My parents allowed me to study abroad.

서류에 결재해 주십시오.

Please approve (sign) the document.

그의 능력을 인정할 수밖에 없다.

I have no choice but to acknowledge his ability.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

按水平分级的例句

1

이것을 승인해요.

I approve this.

Polite present tense form of the verb.

2

선생님이 승인했어요.

The teacher approved it.

Polite past tense form.

3

승인 버튼을 누르세요.

Please press the approve button.

Imperative form using -(으)세요.

4

결제가 승인됐어요.

The payment was approved.

Passive past tense (승인되다 -> 승인되었어요 -> 승인됐어요).

5

승인이 안 돼요.

It cannot be approved. / Approval is not working.

Negative form using 안.

6

비자가 승인되었어요.

The visa was approved.

Passive past tense using the subject particle 가.

7

빨리 승인해 주세요.

Please approve it quickly.

Request form using -아/어 주세요.

8

승인을 기다려요.

I am waiting for approval.

Noun form (승인) with the object particle 을.

1

매니저님이 제 휴가를 승인하셨어요.

The manager approved my vacation.

Honorific past tense (-으셨어요).

2

이 앱을 사용하려면 승인이 필요해요.

Approval is needed to use this app.

Noun form used with 필요하다 (to be needed).

3

아직 대출 승인을 받지 못했어요.

I haven't received the loan approval yet.

Negative form using -지 못하다 (cannot/could not).

4

사장님이 그 계획을 승인할까요?

Will the boss approve that plan?

Future/supposition form using -(으)ㄹ까요.

5

승인이 완료되면 문자로 알려드립니다.

When approval is complete, we will inform you by text message.

Conditional form using -(으)면.

6

비밀번호를 입력하고 승인을 누르세요.

Enter your password and press approve.

Sequential action using -고.

7

서류가 부족해서 승인이 거절되었어요.

Approval was rejected because the documents were insufficient.

Reason expressed with -아/어서.

8

언제쯤 승인이 날까요?

Around when will the approval come through?

Idiomatic expression '승인이 나다' (for approval to occur).

1

이사회에서 내년도 예산안을 최종 승인했습니다.

The board of directors finally approved next year's budget proposal.

Formal polite ending (-습니다) and specific business vocabulary.

2

시스템 오류로 인해 결제 승인이 지연되고 있습니다.

Payment approval is being delayed due to a system error.

Present progressive (-고 있다) and formal reason (-로 인해).

3

본사의 승인 없이는 이 프로젝트를 진행할 수 없습니다.

We cannot proceed with this project without the headquarters' approval.

Use of '없이는' (without) and potential negative (-ㄹ 수 없다).

4

기안서를 작성하여 부장님께 승인을 요청했습니다.

I drafted the proposal and requested approval from the department head.

Sequential action (-아/어서) and formal indirect object particle (께).

5

정부는 새로운 환경 규제 법안을 승인하기로 결정했다.

The government decided to approve the new environmental regulation bill.

Structure '-기로 결정하다' (decided to do).

6

승인 절차가 너무 복잡해서 시간이 오래 걸립니다.

The approval process is so complicated that it takes a long time.

Cause and effect using -아/어서.

7

해당 부서의 승인이 떨어지는 대로 작업을 시작하겠습니다.

I will start the work as soon as the approval from the relevant department comes through.

Structure '-는 대로' (as soon as).

8

모든 권한을 승인하셔야 정상적인 서비스 이용이 가능합니다.

You must approve all permissions to use the service normally.

Obligation structure (-아/어야) combined with honorifics.

1

까다로운 심사 과정을 거쳐 마침내 신제품 출시가 승인되었다.

After going through a rigorous screening process, the launch of the new product was finally approved.

Advanced vocabulary (까다로운, 심사 과정) and passive voice.

2

규제 당국은 독점 우려에도 불구하고 두 기업의 합병을 승인했다.

Despite concerns about a monopoly, the regulatory authorities approved the merger of the two companies.

Concessive clause using '-에도 불구하고' (despite).

3

임원진의 만장일치로 해당 안건이 원안대로 승인 가결되었습니다.

The agenda was approved and passed as originally drafted by the unanimous consent of the executives.

Highly formal meeting terminology (만장일치, 원안대로, 가결되다).

4

사전 승인을 받지 않은 지출에 대해서는 회사에서 책임지지 않습니다.

The company is not responsible for expenses that have not received prior approval.

Noun modifier (-은) and formal topic marker (-에 대해서는).

5

식약처의 공식적인 승인이 나기 전까지는 시판할 수 없습니다.

It cannot be sold on the market until official approval from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety is granted.

Time clause '-기 전까지는' (until before).

6

이 문서는 대외비이므로 외부 유출 시 반드시 대표이사의 승인을 득해야 합니다.

As this document is confidential, you must obtain the CEO's approval if leaking it externally.

Formal vocabulary (대외비, 유출) and formal verb '득하다' (to obtain).

7

국회는 치열한 공방 끝에 추가 경정 예산안을 간신히 승인했습니다.

After a fierce debate, the National Assembly barely approved the supplementary budget bill.

Descriptive phrases (치열한 공방 끝에, 간신히).

8

사용자의 명시적인 승인 없이 개인정보를 수집하는 것은 불법입니다.

Collecting personal information without the user's explicit approval is illegal.

Formal legal terminology (명시적인, 불법).

1

해당 사업은 환경 영향 평가를 통과하지 못해 최종 승인 단계에서 반려되고 말았다.

The project failed to pass the environmental impact assessment and ended up being rejected at the final approval stage.

Use of '-고 말았다' expressing an unfortunate end result.

2

주주총회에서 경영진의 무리한 사업 확장 계획을 승인해 줄 리가 만무하다.

There is no way the general shareholders' meeting will approve the management's unreasonable business expansion plan.

Advanced grammar '-ㄹ 리가 만무하다' (there is absolutely no reason/way).

3

절차적 정당성이 결여된 상태에서 이루어진 승인은 원천 무효라는 것이 법원의 판결이다.

The court's ruling is that an approval granted in a state lacking procedural legitimacy is fundamentally invalid.

Complex noun modification and legal phrasing (절차적 정당성, 원천 무효).

4

실무진의 강력한 반발에도 불구하고 윗선에서 일방적으로 승인을 강행하여 논란이 일고 있다.

Despite strong opposition from the working-level staff, the higher-ups unilaterally forced the approval, sparking controversy.

Advanced vocabulary (실무진, 반발, 일방적으로, 강행하다).

5

국제 사회의 제재를 피하기 위해서는 UN 안전보장이사회의 명시적인 승인을 이끌어내야만 한다.

In order to avoid sanctions from the international community, explicit approval from the UN Security Council must be drawn out.

Strong obligation '-아/어야만 한다' and advanced vocabulary (제재, 이끌어내다).

6

형식적인 승인 절차에 얽매여 골든타임을 놓치는 우를 범해서는 안 될 것이다.

We must not commit the folly of missing the golden time by being tied down to formal approval procedures.

Idiomatic/formal expression '우를 범하다' (to commit a folly/mistake).

7

당국의 승인 보류 결정은 사실상 해당 프로젝트에 대한 전면 백지화를 의미하는 것으로 풀이된다.

The authorities' decision to withhold approval is interpreted as essentially meaning a complete cancellation of the project.

Journalistic style (보류, 전면 백지화, -는 것으로 풀이된다).

8

사후 승인이라는 편법을 동원하여 예산을 집행한 관행에 대해 대대적인 감사가 착수되었다.

A massive audit has been launched into the practice of executing budgets by mobilizing the expedient of post-approval.

Highly advanced administrative vocabulary (사후 승인, 편법, 관행, 감사).

1

행정청의 재량행위에 속하는 승인 처분에 대하여 법원이 그 당부당을 심사할 수는 없으나, 재량권의 일탈이나 남용이 있는 경우에는 사법심사의 대상이 된다.

While the court cannot review the appropriateness of an approval disposition that falls under the discretionary act of an administrative agency, it becomes subject to judicial review if there is a deviation from or abuse of discretionary power.

Extremely formal legal jargon (재량행위, 처분, 당부당, 일탈, 남용).

2

다국적 기업의 인수합병 건은 각국 경쟁당국의 승인을 득하는 과정에서 지정학적 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립하는 양상을 띠곤 한다.

Mergers and acquisitions of multinational corporations often take on an aspect where geopolitical interests sharply conflict during the process of obtaining approval from the competition authorities of each country.

Academic/economic terminology (인수합병, 경쟁당국, 지정학적, 첨예하게).

3

해당 조약의 비준 및 국내법적 효력 발생을 위해서는 국회의 동의를 거쳐 대통령이 최종적으로 승인하고 공포하는 일련의 헌법적 절차가 필수불가결하다.

For the ratification of the treaty and the generation of domestic legal effect, a series of constitutional procedures, in which the President finally approves and promulgates it after the consent of the National Assembly, is indispensable.

Constitutional law vocabulary (비준, 효력 발생, 공포, 필수불가결하다).

4

신약의 시판 승인을 둘러싼 제약사와 규제 기관 간의 지루한 공방은 결국 임상 데이터의 통계적 유의성 입증 여부로 귀결되었다.

The tedious battle between the pharmaceutical company and the regulatory agency over the market approval of the new drug ultimately came down to whether the statistical significance of the clinical data could be proven.

Medical/regulatory terminology (시판 승인, 규제 기관, 통계적 유의성, 귀결되다).

5

이사회의 승인 결의에 중대한 하자가 존재함이 입증될 경우, 소수 주주들은 주주대표소송을 통해 경영진의 배임 책임을 추궁할 수 있는 법적 권리를 갖는다.

If it is proven that a serious flaw exists in the board of directors' resolution of approval, minority shareholders have the legal right to pursue the management's liability for breach of trust through a derivative suit.

Corporate law jargon (결의, 하자, 소수 주주, 주주대표소송, 배임).

6

도시 계획 변경 승인 과정에서 불거진 특혜 의혹은 결국 정관계 로비 스캔들로 비화되며 정국을 강타했다.

The allegations of preferential treatment that emerged during the urban planning change approval process eventually escalated into a political and business lobbying scandal, striking the political landscape.

Political journalism style (특혜 의혹, 비화되다, 정국을 강타하다).

7

기술 표준화 기구의 최종 승인을 획득함으로써, 당사의 독자적인 통신 프로토콜이 글로벌 스탠다드로 자리매김할 수 있는 확고한 교두보를 마련하였다.

By obtaining the final approval of the technical standardization organization, we have established a firm bridgehead for our proprietary communication protocol to position itself as a global standard.

Business/tech formal writing (표준화 기구, 독자적인, 자리매김하다, 교두보).

8

당초 반려될 것이라는 시장의 지배적인 관측을 뒤엎고 전격적으로 승인이 이루어진 배경에는 보이지 않는 정치적 역학 관계가 작용했을 것이라는 분석이 지배적이다.

The dominant analysis is that invisible political dynamics must have played a role in the background of the sudden approval, overturning the market's prevailing observation that it would initially be rejected.

Advanced analytical phrasing (지배적인 관측, 전격적으로, 역학 관계).

常见搭配

예산을 승인하다
계획을 승인하다
대출을 승인하다
가입을 승인하다
결제를 승인하다
법안을 승인하다
요청을 승인하다
휴가를 승인하다
최종 승인하다
공식적으로 승인하다

常用短语

승인이 떨어지다

승인을 받다

승인을 요청하다

승인이 나다

승인을 기다리다

승인 절차를 밟다

승인 번호

결제 승인

사전 승인

최종 승인

容易混淆的词

승인하다 vs 허락하다 (informal permission)

승인하다 vs 결재하다 (specifically signing a document)

승인하다 vs 인정하다 (acknowledging a fact)

习语与表达

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

容易混淆

승인하다 vs

승인하다 vs

승인하다 vs

승인하다 vs

승인하다 vs

句型

如何使用

nuance

Implies a structural or hierarchical process of validation, not just a personal whim.

formality

Highly formal. Suitable for business, legal, and administrative contexts.

常见错误
  • Using 승인하다 for asking parents or friends for permission (should use 허락하다).
  • Saying '예산을 승인되었다' instead of '예산이 승인되었다' (mixing active particles with passive verbs).
  • Using the particle '에' (e.g., 프로젝트에 승인하다) instead of '을/를'.
  • Confusing 승인하다 (to approve) with 인정하다 (to admit/acknowledge).
  • Using direct imperative forms like '승인해라' to a boss instead of polite requests like '승인해 주십시오'.

小贴士

Active vs. Passive Particles

The most common grammar mistake is mixing up particles. Remember this simple rule: if you use 승인하다 (active), use 을/를. If you use 승인되다 (passive), use 이/가. For example: '내가 계획을 승인했다' vs '계획이 승인되었다'. Mastering this will instantly make your Korean sound more advanced.

Office Vocabulary

In a Korean company, you will hear the word 결재 (document approval) just as often as 승인. While they are similar, use 결재 when specifically talking about getting a signature on a form. Use 승인 for the general concept of authorization. Knowing both will help you navigate the office smoothly.

Idiomatic Expressions

To sound like a native office worker, learn the phrase '승인이 떨어지다'. It literally means 'approval falls'. Use it when you are waiting for the boss to say yes. For example, '아직 승인이 안 떨어졌어요' (Approval hasn't come down yet).

Email Etiquette

When emailing a superior for approval, never just say '승인하세요' (Approve it). This is rude. Always use the honorific request form: '승인해 주시기 바랍니다' or '승인 부탁드립니다'. Politeness is just as important as correct grammar in Korean business.

Don't use it with friends

Never use 승인하다 for casual situations. If your friend asks if they can eat your snack, don't say '승인할게'. Say '어, 먹어' (Yeah, eat it) or '허락할게' (I allow it). Using formal bureaucratic words in casual settings sounds very strange.

App Permissions

If your phone is in Korean, you will see this word constantly. When an app asks to use your camera, the button will say '승인' (Approve) or '허용' (Allow). The opposite is '거절' (Decline) or '거부' (Deny). Memorize these to navigate digital interfaces.

Credit Card Transactions

When you pay with a card in Korea, the machine will process the '결제 승인' (payment approval). If you hear the cashier say '승인이 안 되네요', it means your card was declined. It's a crucial phrase for shopping and dining.

Smooth Linking

When pronouncing 승인하다, do not pause between the syllables. The 'ng' sound at the end of 승 flows smoothly into the 'i' sound of 인. Practice saying it as one fluid word: [승인하다] (seung-in-ha-da) to sound more natural.

승인 vs 인정

Do not confuse 승인 (approval) with 인정 (acknowledgment). You '승인' a budget so it can be spent. You '인정' a mistake because it is a fact. Using the wrong one changes the meaning of your sentence entirely.

News Broadcasts

To practice listening for this word, watch Korean news segments about politics or business. You will frequently hear phrases like '국회가 법안을 승인했습니다' (The National Assembly approved the bill). It's a great way to hear the word in its natural, formal habitat.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine you SUNG (승) IN (인) a choir, and the director had to APPROVE your performance before you could go on stage.

词源

Sino-Korean word. The Hanja characters imply receiving a request and formally recognizing or validating it.

文化背景

Korean banking apps frequently use '승인' for transactions. Knowing this word is crucial for daily life in Korea.

Never bypass the chain of command when requesting '승인'. It is considered highly disrespectful.

Always use honorifics when asking a superior for approval, e.g., '승인해 주십시오'.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"휴가 승인 받았어요?"

"결제가 왜 승인이 안 될까요?"

"이 프로젝트는 누가 승인하나요?"

"앱 권한을 모두 승인해야 하나요?"

"대출 승인이 얼마나 걸릴까요?"

日记主题

Describe a time you had to wait a long time for an official approval (승인).

Write a mock email to your boss asking them to approve a new project.

Explain the difference between 승인하다 and 허락하다 using your own examples.

Write about a time your credit card payment was not approved (승인 거절).

Discuss why the approval process in large companies is often slow.

常见问题

10 个问题

No, you should not. 승인하다 is a very formal word used in business or government contexts. Using it with your parents sounds like you are submitting a corporate proposal to them. Instead, you should use the word 허락하다 (to allow/permit). For example, say '엄마, 외출하는 거 허락해 주세요' (Mom, please allow me to go out). Save 승인하다 for the office.

승인하다 is the active verb, meaning 'to approve.' It requires an object with the particle 을/를 (e.g., 예산을 승인하다 - to approve the budget). 승인되다 is the passive verb, meaning 'to be approved.' It requires a subject with the particle 이/가 (e.g., 예산이 승인되다 - the budget is approved). Choosing the correct form depends on whether you are focusing on the person doing the approving or the thing being approved.

When writing to a superior, you must use polite and honorific language. A standard and highly professional phrase is '이 기안을 승인해 주시기 바랍니다' (I request that you kindly approve this draft). You can also use '승인 부탁드립니다' (I ask for your approval). Adding '주시다' (to give) makes the request much softer and more respectful. Avoid using direct commands.

This is a very common idiomatic expression used in Korean workplaces. Literally, it means 'approval drops' or 'approval falls.' Figuratively, it means that approval has been granted from higher-ups and the project or request can now move forward. It reflects the hierarchical nature of Korean companies, where decisions 'drop down' from the top management to the lower-level employees. You will hear this constantly in office environments.

When you use a credit card, the transaction must be authorized by the bank. '승인' means approval, and '거절' means rejection. Therefore, '승인 거절' means that the payment authorization was declined. This could be due to insufficient funds, an expired card, or a network error. If you see this, you will need to use a different payment method or contact your bank.

They are very similar and often used interchangeably in the office, but there is a subtle difference. 결재하다 specifically refers to the act of a superior reviewing and signing or stamping a formal document (기안서). 승인하다 is a broader term for giving official permission, which can apply to concepts, budgets, or app permissions, not just physical documents. However, in a corporate setting, getting '결재' usually means getting '승인'.

No, that would be incorrect. If you simply share the same opinion as someone else, you should use the verb 동의하다 (to agree). 승인하다 implies that you have the authority to allow their idea to be implemented. If you are just having a discussion and you think their idea is good, say '동의합니다'. If you are their boss and you are officially green-lighting their idea, say '승인합니다'.

Because 승인하다 is a transitive verb in its active form, you must use the object particles 을 or 를. The noun that comes before the particle is the thing that is being approved. For example, '프로젝트를 승인하다' (to approve the project) or '대출을 승인하다' (to approve the loan). Do not use the location/direction particle 에 (e.g., 프로젝트에 승인하다 is wrong).

You can use the noun form '승인' combined with the verb '기다리다' (to wait). The most natural way to say this is '승인을 기다리고 있습니다' (I am waiting for approval). Alternatively, you can use the passive form and say '승인되기를 기다리고 있습니다' (I am waiting for it to be approved). Both are perfectly natural and commonly used in professional settings.

Yes, the word 승인하다 is standard Sino-Korean vocabulary and is used in both North and South Korea. In North Korea, it is heavily used in political and bureaucratic contexts, often referring to the approval of the state or the ruling party. The fundamental meaning of formal authorization remains exactly the same across the peninsula, as it is based on the same Hanja characters.

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