Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
In Lao, you address people by their relative age or status, not just by name.
- Use 'Ai' (older brother) for men slightly older than you.
- Use 'Nong' (younger sibling) for people younger than you.
- Use 'Than' or 'Khun' for formal, respectful address.
Meanings
Lao uses a complex system of kinship terms to address others, which functions as a social register to establish hierarchy and intimacy.
Kinship-based address
Using family titles for non-family members based on age.
“ອ້າຍສຸກ (Ai Suk)”
“ເອື້ອຍນ້ອຍ (Euay Noy)”
Formal/Professional
Using titles for status or professional respect.
“ທ່ານປະທານ (Than Pathan - Mr. President/Chairman)”
“ທ່ານໝໍ (Than Mor - Doctor)”
Common Address Titles
| Title | Meaning | Gender | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| ອ້າຍ (Ai) | Older Brother | Male | Older male |
| ເອື້ອຍ (Euay) | Older Sister | Female | Older female |
| ນ້ອງ (Nong) | Younger Sibling | Any | Younger person |
| ທ່ານ (Than) | Mr./Ms./Honorable | Any | Formal/Status |
| ຄຸນ (Khun) | Polite Title | Any | Professional |
Reference Table
| Form | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | Title + Name | Ai Som |
| Question | Title + Question Word | Ai Som pai sai? |
| Formal | Than + Title | Than Mor |
| Informal | Name + Title | Nong Noy |
正式程度
ສະບາຍດີ ທ່ານ (Greeting)
ສະບາຍດີ (Greeting)
ສະບາຍດີ ອ້າຍ (Greeting)
ຫວັດດີ (Greeting)
Lao Address Map
Older
- ອ້າຍ Older Brother
- ເອື້ອຍ Older Sister
Younger
- ນ້ອງ Younger Sibling
按水平分级的例句
ສະບາຍດີ ອ້າຍສຸກ
Hello brother Suk
ນ້ອງຊື່ຫຍັງ?
What is your name? (to a younger person)
ທ່ານໝໍ ຈະມາຮອດຕອນໃດ?
When will the doctor arrive?
ຂໍໂທດເດີ ເອື້ອຍ, ຂ້ອຍບໍ່ຮູ້.
Excuse me sister, I don't know.
ທ່ານປະທານ ໄດ້ກ່າວເປີດງານ.
The Chairman gave the opening speech.
ອ້າຍສຸກ ໄປເຮັດວຽກຢູ່ໃສ?
Where do you work, brother Suk?
容易混淆
Age confusion.
常见错误
Calling everyone by name
Using titles
Using 'Ai' for a woman
Use 'Euay'
Using 'Than' for a friend
Use 'Ai' or 'Nong'
Forgetting the title
Add the title
Using 'Nong' for an elder
Use 'Ai' or 'Euay'
Using titles for animals
Just the name
Mixing formal and informal
Stay consistent
Using 'Than' for a peer
Use kinship
Using 'Ai' for a teacher
Use 'Ajan'
Ignoring social cues
Observe age
Overusing honorifics
Use naturally
Misusing royal terms
Use standard titles
Ignoring dialectal variations
Use standard Lao
Forgetting context
Adapt to situation
句型
ສະບາຍດີ ___
Real World Usage
ເອື້ອຍ, ອັນນີ້ເທົ່າໃດ?
Observe
Smart Tips
Guess the age.
发音
Tone
Lao is tonal, ensure you hit the right pitch.
Question
Ai pai sai? (rising at end)
Polite inquiry
记住它
记忆技巧
Ai is for the guy, Euay is for the lady, Nong is for the kid.
视觉联想
Imagine a family tree where everyone is your brother or sister.
Rhyme
Ai for men, Euay for she, Nong for the young, as you can see.
Story
You walk into a shop. You see an older man, you say 'Ai'. You see a younger girl, you say 'Nong'. Everyone smiles because you are polite.
Word Web
挑战
Try to address three people using these titles today.
文化笔记
Respect for elders is paramount.
Rooted in ancient kinship systems.
对话开场白
ອ້າຍຊື່ຫຍັງ?
日记主题
Test Yourself
ສະບາຍດີ ___ ສຸກ
Score: /1
练习题
1 exercisesສະບາຍດີ ___ ສຸກ
Score: /1
常见问题 (1)
Only with close friends.
Scaffolded Practice
1
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Señor/Señora
Lao uses family terms for everyone.
Monsieur/Madame
Lao is familial.
Herr/Frau
Lao is age-based.
San/Kun/Chan
Lao uses prefixes.
Akh/Ukht
Lao is more age-specific.
Gege/Jiejie
Lao is more strictly age-based.
