vertraging 30秒了解
- Vertraging means 'delay' in Dutch and is a noun used for transport, projects, and general lateness.
- It is a 'de-word' (de vertraging) and often pairs with the verbs 'hebben' or 'oplopen'.
- Commonly heard at train stations and in traffic reports to describe time lost.
- Essential for B1 level to distinguish between simple lateness and systematic delays.
The Dutch word vertraging is a fundamental noun that every learner, especially those navigating the Netherlands, must master early on. At its core, it refers to a delay—a period of time by which something is late or postponed. Derived from the adjective traag (slow), the word encapsulates the process of becoming slower or the result of that slowness. In a culture like the Netherlands, where punctuality is highly valued and the national railway system (NS) is a central pillar of daily life, vertraging is a word you will encounter daily, whether on a platform screen, a traffic app, or in a corporate meeting room.
- The Transport Context
- This is the most common usage. If a train, bus, or plane is not arriving at its scheduled time, it has vertraging. You will often hear the announcement: 'De intercity naar Amsterdam Centraal heeft een vertraging van ongeveer tien minuten.' (The intercity to Amsterdam Central has a delay of approximately ten minutes).
- Professional and Project Management
- In a business setting, vertraging refers to setbacks in a timeline. If a construction project is behind schedule due to weather or supply chain issues, it is experiencing vertraging. It implies a deviation from the planned 'planning' (schedule).
- Technical and Scientific Usage
- The word is also used in physics or technology to describe deceleration or latency. For instance, a 'tijdvertraging' (time delay) in electronics or the 'vertraging' of a chemical reaction. It describes the intentional or unintentional slowing down of a process.
Door de zware sneeuwval liepen alle vluchten op Schiphol aanzienlijke vertraging op.
Understanding the nuances of vertraging also means understanding its collocations. One does not just 'have' a delay in a passive sense; one 'loopt vertraging op' (runs into/incurs a delay). This verb oplopen suggests a process where the delay accumulates. Alternatively, one can 'vertraging veroorzaken' (cause a delay), which is often used in news reports about accidents on the 'snelweg' (highway). The word is versatile because it can be both a specific instance (a 10-minute delay) and an abstract concept (the slowing down of economic growth).
Er is een vertraging in de levering van de nieuwe meubels.
In summary, vertraging is an essential term for managing expectations. Whether you are explaining why you are late for a 'borrel' (social drink) or reading a report on climate change slowing down ocean currents, this word provides the necessary linguistic tool to describe the temporal gap between expectation and reality. It is a 'de-word' (de vertraging), and its plural is 'vertragingen'.
Using vertraging correctly requires paying attention to the verbs it typically pairs with. While in English we 'have' a delay, in Dutch, the phrasing is often more dynamic. The most common verb is hebben, but for a more natural, idiomatic sound, use oplopen.
- Oplopen (To Incur/To Run Into)
- This is used when the delay happens during a journey or process. 'De trein liep vertraging op door een wisselstoring.' (The train incurred a delay due to a switch failure.)
- Veroorzaken (To Cause)
- Used when identifying the source. 'Het ongeluk veroorzaakte een enorme vertraging op de A12.' (The accident caused a massive delay on the A12.)
- Beperken (To Limit)
- Used in professional contexts. 'We proberen de vertraging tot een minimum te beperken.' (We are trying to limit the delay to a minimum.)
Helaas heeft mijn vlucht drie uur vertraging.
You can also use vertraging in a more metaphorical or abstract sense. For example, in psychology or education, you might talk about a 'ontwikkelingsvertraging' (developmental delay). In these cases, the word functions identically to the English 'delay', describing a slower-than-expected progression through milestones. It is also common in bureaucratic contexts, where 'procedurele vertraging' (procedural delay) is a frequent complaint. When writing, remember that vertraging is a feminine noun, though in modern Dutch, the distinction between masculine and feminine is often blurred, and 'de' is the primary article you need to remember.
De vertraging van de werkzaamheden is erg vervelend voor de buurtbewoners.
If you live in or visit the Netherlands, the place you will hear vertraging most frequently is at a treinstation. The Dutch rail network is one of the busiest in the world, and while it is generally efficient, announcements about delays are part of the daily soundscape. On the platform, a robotic yet polite voice will announce 'vertraging' followed by the reason, such as 'defecte trein' (defective train) or 'werkzaamheden' (maintenance work). You will see it flashing in red text on the digital signs (borden).
'Beste reizigers, de trein naar Utrecht Centraal rijdt met een vertraging van tien minuten.'
Another common location is the radio. During traffic reports (verkeersinformatie), the presenter will list the 'files' (traffic jams) and the resulting vertraging. They might say, 'Op de A1 staat vijf kilometer file, wat zorgt voor een vertraging van twintig minuten.' This is essential listening for commuters. In a business environment, you'll hear it during project updates. A manager might ask, 'Is er al zicht op de vertraging bij de software-update?' (Is there any insight yet into the delay with the software update?).
- News and Media
- Journalists use the word when discussing government policies or court cases that are taking longer than expected. 'De rechtszaak heeft opnieuw vertraging opgelopen.'
- Daily Social Life
- When meeting friends, if you are stuck in traffic, you might text: 'Sorry, ik heb wat vertraging, ik ben er over kwartier!'
Finally, in scientific or medical documentaries, you might hear about 'groeivertraging' (growth retardation/delay) or 'tijdsvertraging' (time dilation) in physics. The word scales from the mundane frustration of a late bus to the complex theories of Einstein. Its ubiquity makes it a high-frequency 'must-know' word for anyone looking to reach B1 level and beyond.
Even though vertraging seems straightforward, English speakers often make a few predictable errors. The most common is confusing the noun vertraging with the verb vertragen (to slow down/to delay). Remember: vertraging is the 'thing' (the delay), while vertragen is the 'action'. You cannot 'vertraging' a process; you 'vertraagt' a process.
- Mistake 1: Using 'te laat' instead of 'vertraging'
- English speakers often say 'De trein is vertraging' (The train is delay). This is incorrect. You should say 'De trein heeft vertraging' or 'De trein is te laat'. Vertraging is a noun you possess or incur, not an adjective you are.
- Mistake 2: Confusing with 'Uitstel'
- Uitstel means 'postponement' or 'procrastination'. If a meeting is moved from Monday to Friday, that is uitstel. If a meeting starts at 10:15 instead of 10:00 because the boss is late, that is vertraging. Vertraging usually implies a process that started but is taking longer, whereas uitstel implies moving the start time to a later date.
Fout: 'Ik ben vertraging.'
Goed: 'Ik heb vertraging oplopen.'
Another nuance is the use of 'door' vs 'van'. Use 'van' for the duration (vertraging van een uur) and 'door' for the cause (vertraging door de regen). Mixing these up won't stop you from being understood, but it will mark you as a beginner. Lastly, some learners try to pluralize it as 'vertragingen' in contexts where the singular is more natural. While 'vertragingen' exists (e.g., 'Er zijn veel vertragingen op het spoor today'), when talking about your own specific situation, stick to the singular 'ik heb vertraging'.
While vertraging is the most versatile word for a delay, Dutch offers several synonyms and related terms that can add precision to your speech. Depending on whether you are talking about a physical blockage, a bureaucratic hold-up, or a simple case of being late, you might choose a different word.
- Oponthoud
- This is a very common synonym, often used for a short, temporary stay or a minor delay during a journey. It sounds slightly more formal than vertraging. 'We hadden wat oponthoud bij de grens.' (We had some delay/hold-up at the border.)
- Uitstel
- As mentioned before, this is 'postponement'. Use this when the entire event is rescheduled. 'Van uitstel komt afstel' is a famous Dutch proverb meaning 'If you keep postponing it, it will never happen'.
- Stagnatie
- Used in economic or professional contexts to describe a lack of progress. 'De stagnatie in de woningmarkt' refers to the market being stuck or delayed in its growth.
- Hinder
- This means 'nuisance' or 'obstruction'. You often see 'verkeershinder' on road signs. It implies that while you can still move, the vertraging is caused by an obstacle.
'Zonder enig oponthoud kwamen we aan in Parijs.'
Choosing the right word shows a high level of Dutch proficiency. If you are stuck in a traffic jam, vertraging is perfect. If you are held up by a chatty neighbor, oponthoud is more descriptive. If your boss moves a deadline, use uitstel. By understanding these distinctions, you move beyond basic communication into nuanced, expressive Dutch.
How Formal Is It?
趣味小知识
The root 'traag' is related to the English word 'drag', which makes sense as delays often feel like a drag on your time!
发音指南
- Pronouncing the 'g' like a hard English 'g' (as in 'goat'). It should be a fricative.
- Making the 'a' sound too short (like 'cat'). It must be long 'aa'.
- Over-emphasizing the first syllable 'ver'. It should be unstressed.
- Confusing 'ng' with a hard 'nk' sound at the end.
- Missing the 'r' after the 't' in 'traa'.
难度评级
Easy to recognize in context on signs and in news.
Requires correct spelling of 'v' and 'g' and knowing collocations.
The guttural 'g' and long 'aa' can be tricky for English speakers.
Very distinct sound, easy to pick out in announcements.
接下来学什么
前置知识
接下来学习
高级
需要掌握的语法
Noun formation with -ing
Vertragen (verb) -> Vertraging (noun)
Using 'door' for cause
Vertraging door een storing.
Using 'van' for duration
Een vertraging van een uur.
Word order with 'omdat'
Ik ben laat omda
按水平分级的例句
De trein heeft vertraging.
The train has a delay.
Simple subject + verb + noun.
Hoeveel vertraging is er?
How much delay is there?
Interrogative sentence using 'hoeveel'.
Ik heb vijf minuten vertraging.
I have a five-minute delay.
Using a duration before the noun.
Sorry voor de vertraging.
Sorry for the delay.
Common polite expression.
Er is een kleine vertraging.
There is a small delay.
Using 'kleine' as an adjective.
De bus heeft geen vertraging.
The bus has no delay.
Negative sentence with 'geen'.
Mijn vlucht heeft vertraging.
My flight has a delay.
Applying the word to air travel.
Waarom is er vertraging?
Why is there a delay?
Using 'waarom' to ask for cause.
De vertraging komt door de regen.
The delay is due to the rain.
Using 'door' to indicate cause.
We hebben een vertraging van een uur.
We have a delay of an hour.
Using 'van' for duration.
De trein heeft vandaag veel vertraging.
The train has a lot of delay today.
Using 'veel' as an intensifier.
Kunt u de vertraging uitleggen?
Can you explain the delay?
Polite request with 'u'.
Ik kom later door de vertraging.
I am coming later due to the delay.
Linking delay to arrival time.
Er was een vertraging op de snelweg.
There was a delay on the highway.
Past tense 'was'.
Is de vertraging al voorbij?
Is the delay over already?
Asking about the state of the delay.
De vertraging is erg vervelend.
The delay is very annoying.
Using 'vervelend' to express emotion.
De trein liep een flinke vertraging op.
The train incurred a significant delay.
Using the verb 'oplopen'.
De vertraging werd veroorzaakt door een defecte bovenleiding.
The delay was caused by a defective overhead wire.
Passive voice 'werd veroorzaakt'.
Door de vertraging heb ik mijn aansluiting gemist.
Because of the delay, I missed my connection.
Cause and effect with 'aansluiting'.
Er is een aanzienlijke vertraging in de levering.
There is a significant delay in the delivery.
Using 'aanzienlijke' (significant).
We moeten de vertraging zo veel mogelijk beperken.
We must limit the delay as much as possible.
Using 'beperken' (to limit).
Zonder vertraging zouden we nu al thuis zijn.
Without delay, we would be home by now.
Conditional 'zouden' with 'zonder'.
De vertraging is te wijten aan een staking.
The delay is due to a strike.
Formal way to indicate cause: 'te wijten aan'.
Houd rekening met een kleine vertraging.
Take a small delay into account.
Imperative 'houd rekening met'.
De economische groei kampt met een lichte vertraging.
Economic growth is struggling with a slight slowdown.
Metaphorical use in economics.
De procedurele vertraging frustreert de aanvragers.
The procedural delay frustrates the applicants.
Using 'procedurele' as a specific adjective.
Hij heeft een lichte achterstand in zijn ontwikkeling, oftewel een vertraging.
He has a slight lag in his development, in other words, a delay.
Clinical/educational context.
De vertragingstactieken van de oppositie werkten niet.
The opposition's delay tactics did not work.
Compound word: 'vertragingstactieken'.
Ondanks de vertraging bleven de passagiers rustig.
Despite the delay, the passengers remained calm.
Using 'ondanks' (despite).
De vertraging in de besluitvorming is zorgwekkend.
The delay in decision-making is worrying.
Abstract noun phrase.
Men probeert de vertraging in te halen door extra personeel in te zetten.
They are trying to catch up on the delay by deploying extra staff.
Using 'inhalen' (to catch up).
De vertraging van het signaal is minimaal.
The delay of the signal is minimal.
Technical context (latency).
De structurele vertraging in het rechtssysteem leidt tot onvrede.
The structural delay in the legal system leads to dissatisfaction.
Using 'structurele' to describe systemic issues.
Er is sprake van een aanzienlijke vertraging in de loonvorming.
There is a significant delay in wage formation.
Formal expression 'er is sprake van'.
De vertraging van de tijd is een centraal concept in de relativiteitstheorie.
The dilation of time is a central concept in the theory of relativity.
Scientific/Theoretical context.
Men vreest voor een vertraging van de energietransitie.
People fear a slowdown of the energy transition.
Using 'vrees voor' with a noun phrase.
De vertragingstijd moet nauwkeurig worden berekend.
The delay time must be calculated accurately.
Compound 'vertragingstijd'.
De vertraging was onvermijdelijk gezien de omstandigheden.
The delay was inevitable given the circumstances.
Using 'onvermijdelijk' (inevitable).
Elke vertraging in de hulpverlening kan fatale gevolgen hebben.
Any delay in the provision of aid can have fatal consequences.
High-stakes context.
De film maakt gebruik van een artistieke vertraging van het tempo.
The film makes use of an artistic slowing of the pace.
Aesthetic/Media context.
De vermeende vertraging bleek achteraf een bewuste strategie te zijn.
The alleged delay turned out in hindsight to be a conscious strategy.
Complex sentence with 'vermeende' and 'bewuste'.
In de literatuur fungeert vertraging vaak als middel om spanning op te bouwen.
In literature, delay often functions as a means to build tension.
Literary analysis context.
De vertraging van de zeespiegelstijging is een utopisch scenario.
The slowing of sea-level rise is a utopian scenario.
Environmental/Speculative context.
De bureaucratische vertraging is inherent aan dit type organisatie.
Bureaucratic delay is inherent to this type of organization.
Using 'inherent aan'.
Men poogt de vertraging van de cognitieve achteruitgang te bewerkstelligen.
One attempts to bring about the slowing of cognitive decline.
Medical/Formal 'bewerkstelligen'.
De vertraging in de ratificatie van het verdrag leidde tot diplomatieke spanningen.
The delay in the ratification of the treaty led to diplomatic tensions.
International relations context.
Deze vertraging is slechts een symptoom van een dieper liggend probleem.
This delay is merely a symptom of a deeper underlying problem.
Metaphorical/Analytical.
De fenomenologische ervaring van vertraging verschilt per individu.
The phenomenological experience of delay differs per individual.
Philosophical context.
常见搭配
常用短语
— A specific policy for refunds when public transport is late.
Je kunt geld terugvragen bij vertraging van meer dan 30 minuten.
— Used to explain the reason for being late.
Wegens vertraging kom ik iets later op de afspraak.
— A substantial or significant delay.
We hebben een flinke vertraging opgelopen bij de grens.
— The delay is increasing as time passes.
De vertraging op de A2 loopt op naar twintig minuten.
— To be bothered or affected by a delay.
Reizigers hebben veel last van de vertraging.
— Standard phrase for construction setbacks.
Er is weer vertraging in de bouw van het nieuwe stadion.
— Delay due to circumstances beyond one's control (force majeure).
De vertraging door overmacht wordt niet vergoed.
习语与表达
— If you keep delaying or postponing something, it will eventually never happen.
Begin nu aan je huiswerk, want van uitstel komt afstel.
proverb— To pass the time while waiting for a delay to end.
We doodden de tijd in de stationsrestauratie tijdens de vertraging.
informal— To delay something for a long time or indefinitely.
De beslissing is weer op de lange baan geschoven.
neutral— Better to arrive with a delay than not at all.
De trein kwam eindelijk aan; beter laat dan nooit.
common— To try to make up for a delay by working very fast.
Na de vertraging moesten we tegen de klok racen om de deadline te halen.
informal— To be delayed or on hold (often on the phone).
Ik stond een half uur in de wacht door de vertraging bij de klantenservice.
neutral— To delay progress intentionally to reassess.
Door de vertraging moesten we even pas op de plaats maken.
formal— To miss an opportunity because of a delay.
Door de vertraging in de aanvraag hebben we de boot gemist.
informal— To be cautious about timing because of potential delays.
Ik houd een slag om de arm wat betreft de einddatum.
neutral— Something that takes a lot of time and causes delays because it is difficult.
De verhuizing had heel wat voeten in de aarde.
informal词族
名词
动词
形容词
相关
记住它
记忆技巧
Think of a 'TRAin' that is 'tr-AA-g' (slow). When the train has a 'ver-TRA-ging', it's dragging behind schedule.
视觉联想
Imagine a big yellow Dutch train with a giant snail sitting on top of it. The snail represents 'traag' and the whole scene represents 'vertraging'.
Word Web
挑战
Try to use 'vertraging' three times today: once for traffic, once for a task you are doing, and once when talking about a train.
词源
Derived from the Dutch word 'traag' (slow), which comes from the Middle Dutch 'traghe'. The prefix 'ver-' indicates a change of state or a process, and the suffix '-ing' turns the verb 'vertragen' into a noun.
原始含义： The act of making something slow or the state of being slow.
Germanic (Dutch). Cognate with German 'Trägheid' (inertia/slowness).文化背景
Be careful not to sound too complaining when mentioning 'vertraging' to train staff; they hear it all day!
English speakers might just say 'I'm late', but the Dutch are more likely to specify 'I have a delay', focusing on the external cause.
在生活中练习
真实语境
Public Transport
- Heeft de trein vertraging?
- Hoeveel vertraging?
- De vertraging is 10 minuten.
- Mijn aansluiting missen.
Traffic
- File op de A1.
- Vertraging door ongeluk.
- Dertig minuten extra reistijd.
- De weg is dicht.
Work/Projects
- Het project heeft vertraging.
- De deadline halen.
- Procedurele vertraging.
- De planning aanpassen.
Social Life
- Sorry voor de vertraging.
- Ik ben wat later.
- Stuck in traffic.
- Kom je nog?
Science/Technology
- Tijdvertraging.
- Signaalvertraging.
- Groeivertraging.
- De reactie vertragen.
对话开场白
"Heeft jouw trein naar werk vaak vertraging?"
"Wat doe jij meestal om de tijd te doden tijdens een vertraging?"
"Heb je wel eens een belangrijke afspraak gemist door vertraging?"
"Vind je dat de NS goed omgaat met vertragingen?"
"Hoeveel vertraging vind jij nog acceptabel?"
日记主题
Schrijf over een keer dat je een enorme vertraging had tijdens een reis.
Is 'vertraging' in het leven soms ook goed? Waarom wel of niet?
Hoe reageer jij als je hoort dat je vlucht vertraging heeft?
Beschrijf de meest frustrerende vertraging die je ooit hebt meegemaakt.
Wat zijn de grootste oorzaken van vertraging in jouw dagelijks leven?
Summary
Vertraging is the essential Dutch term for any form of delay. Whether you are stuck on a train or behind schedule at work, using 'de vertraging' with the verb 'oplopen' (e.g., 'Ik heb vertraging opgelopen') will make you sound natural and clear.
- Vertraging means 'delay' in Dutch and is a noun used for transport, projects, and general lateness.
- It is a 'de-word' (de vertraging) and often pairs with the verbs 'hebben' or 'oplopen'.
- Commonly heard at train stations and in traffic reports to describe time lost.
- Essential for B1 level to distinguish between simple lateness and systematic delays.
相关内容
更多travel词汇
aankomen
B1To arrive or to gain weight.
aankomst
B1The act of arriving
auto
A1Car
bestemming
B1The place to which someone or something is going.
bezoeken
A2To go to see a person or place.
boot
A1船是一种在水上行驶的交通工具。
buitenland
B1Foreign countries.
buitenlands
B1外国的。属于另一个国家的。'外国电影' 是 'buitenlandse films'。
bus
A1Bus
centrum
A2The middle part or city center.
