C2 Advanced Syntax 12 min read 困难

葡萄牙语绝对分词 (Participio Absoluto)：无连词的高级句型

绝对分词是 C2 级别的“高级感”利器，让你不用连词也能优雅地连接句子。记住核心公式：«分词（性数一致）» + «名词»。
标记为已学
开始练习

Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Use the absolute participle to replace a full 'when/because' clause with a concise, elegant verb-first structure.

  • The participle must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies: 'Terminada a aula, saímos'.
  • It functions as an adverbial clause, usually expressing time, cause, or condition.
  • The subject of the participle clause must be distinct from the main clause subject to avoid ambiguity.
Participle (adj) + Noun + , + Main Clause

Overview

In advanced Portuguese, certain grammatical structures allow for a level of conciseness and elegance that mirrors formal and literary expression. The absolute participle construction, known in Portuguese as the cláusula participial absoluta, is a prime example of this. It is a sophisticated syntactic tool that enables you to create a subordinate adverbial clause—expressing time, cause, or condition—without using a conjunction (like quando, porque, or se) or an auxiliary verb.
This structure presents a completed action and its subject as a self-contained introductory phrase, which then sets the stage for the main clause.
Consider this sentence: Terminada a reunião, os diretores retiraram-se da sala. (The meeting having finished, the directors left the room.) Here, Terminada a reunião functions as an adverbial clause of time. It replaces the more common but longer construction, Depois que a reunião terminou....
The defining characteristic of this absolute clause is that its subject (a reunião) is different from the subject of the main clause (os diretores). This detachment is what makes it absolute. Mastering this structure is a hallmark of the C2 level, signaling a deep understanding of Portuguese sentence architecture and a command of formal, economical expression.

How This Grammar Works

The absolute participle clause operates as a self-sufficient grammatical unit. Its primary function is to condense information by embedding an entire clause into a participial phrase. The key to its correct use lies in understanding three core principles: a distinct subject, obligatory agreement, and its adverbial meaning.
First, the concept of a distinct subject is non-negotiable. The noun within the absolute clause must not be the same as the subject of the main sentence. If the subjects were the same, you would use a standard reduced participle clause, not the absolute construction.
For instance, in Dito isto, o palestrante continuou (This having been said, the speaker continued), the subject of the participle is isto, while the subject of the main verb is o palestrante. This separation is fundamental to the structure's identity.
Second, participle agreement is mandatory and absolute. The past participle must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies, which acts as the subject of the absolute clause. This is the most critical rule to remember. For example:
Resolvido o problema, podemos relaxar. (The problem being solved, we can relax.) - problema is masculine singular.
Resolvida a questão, podemos relaxar. (The question being solved, we can relax.) - questão is feminine singular.
Resolvidos os problemas, podemos relaxar. (The problems being solved, we can relax.) - problemas is masculine plural.
Resolvidas as questões, podemos relaxar. (The questions being solved, we can relax.) - questões is feminine plural.
Finally, this structure conveys different adverbial meanings depending on the context. Although it often implies a temporal sequence (time), it can also indicate cause or condition.

Time: Acabado o jantar, fomos todos para a sala de estar. (The dinner having finished, we all went to the living room.) This implies sequence.

Cause: Perdido o voo, tivemos de comprar novas passagens. (The flight having been missed, we had to buy new tickets.) This implies causality.

Condition: Assinado o contrato, não haverá como voltar atrás. (The contract being signed, there will be no going back.) This implies a condition for the main clause.

The participle used in this construction is always the short, irregular form if one exists (e.g., feito, dito, visto, aberto). If a verb only has a regular -ado/-ido form, then that is used.

Formation Pattern

1
Constructing an absolute participle clause is a methodical process. Following these steps ensures grammatical accuracy, particularly regarding the crucial agreement between the participle and its subject. The typical word order is Participle + Subject Noun Phrase, followed by a comma.
2
Step-by-Step Formation:
3
Identify the subordinate action and its subject. Start with a standard adverbial clause, for example: Depois que o trabalho foi feito... The action is fazer and its subject is o trabalho.
4
Find the correct past participle. For the verb in question, determine its past participle. Crucially, you must use the short/irregular form if available (e.g., fazer → feito, ver → visto, abrir → aberto).
5
Match the participle to the subject's gender and number. This is the core of the transformation. Adjust the ending of the participle (-o, -a, -os, -as) to match the noun.
6
Assemble the clause. Place the inflected participle before its subject noun phrase.
7
Separate with a comma. The absolute clause must be separated from the main clause by a comma.
8
Let's apply this to the verb entregar (to deliver), which has an irregular participle entregue.
9
| Original Clause | Noun (Subject) | Gender/Number | Participle Form | Absolute Clause Construction |
10
|---|---|---|---|---|
11
| Quando o relatório for entregue... | relatório | masc./sing. | entregue → entregue | Entregue o relatório, falaremos com o cliente. |
12
| Quando a encomenda for entregue... | encomenda | fem./sing. | entregue → entregue | Entregue a encomenda, o cliente será notificado. |
13
| Quando os documentos forem entregues... | documentos | masc./pl. | entregue → entregues | Entregues os documentos, o processo pode começar. |
14
| Quando as chaves forem entregues... | chaves | fem./pl. | entregue → entregues | Entregues as chaves, os novos inquilinos podem mudar-se. |
15
Common Irregular Participles Used:
16
This structure heavily relies on verbs that have distinct short-form participles. Memorizing them is essential.
17
| Infinitive | Irregular Participle | Example in Absolute Clause |
18
|---|---|---|
19
| abrir | aberto | Aberta a janela, o ar fresco entrou na sala. |
20
| cobrir | coberto | Cobertos os custos, o projeto foi aprovado. |
21
| dizer | dito | Dito isto, é preciso considerar outras opções. |
22
| escrever | escrito | Escrita a carta, só faltava enviá-la. |
23
| fazer | feito | Feitas as contas, a viagem era inviável. |
24
| pôr | posto | Posta a mesa, todos se sentaram para comer. |
25
| ver | visto | Visto o perigo, recuaram imediatamente. |

When To Use It

The absolute participle is not a feature of everyday, casual conversation. Its domain is more formal, written, and oratorical language. Using it correctly demonstrates a high degree of linguistic sophistication. Overusing it in informal contexts, however, can sound pretentious or unnatural.
Formal and Literary Writing: This is the most common environment for the absolute participle. In academic essays, legal documents, official reports, and literature, its ability to create dense, elegant sentences is highly valued. It allows writers to vary their sentence structure and avoid a monotonous sequence of simple clauses linked by basic conjunctions.
Example: Concluída a investigação, o relatório final foi submetido à diretoria.
Journalism and News Reporting: News headlines and broadcast journalism frequently use this structure to deliver information quickly and efficiently. It saves space in print and creates a sense of immediacy on air. For a news anchor, saying Resgatados os reféns, a operação policial foi encerrada (The hostages having been rescued, the police operation was concluded) is faster and more direct than a longer alternative.
Brazilian vs. European Portuguese: While present in both variants, there's a difference in frequency. In European Portuguese, the structure is somewhat more common in formal speech and standard writing.
In Brazilian Portuguese, it is largely confined to a higher register of formality—literature, journalism, and academic prose. However, certain phrases have become fixed expressions in Brazil and are used more widely, often with a sarcastic or dramatic tone. For instance, the well-known saying Acabado o dinheiro, acabou o amor (The money being gone, the love is gone) uses the structure for poignant, aphoristic effect.
Set Phrases: Some absolute participle clauses have become lexicalized and are common in both speech and writing. The most frequent is Dito isso (That said / Having said that), which functions as a transition, allowing a speaker to acknowledge a point before pivoting to another. Another is Posto isso (That being said / Given that).
These are safe to use in a wider range of contexts without sounding overly formal.

Common Mistakes

Advanced learners can still encounter pitfalls with this structure. The errors are typically related to agreement, subject confusion, or using the wrong type of verb.
  1. 1Forgetting Gender/Number Agreement: This is the single most common error. English has no equivalent participle agreement, so learners often default to the masculine singular form (-o) regardless of the noun. This is grammatically incorrect and immediately signals a non-native speaker.
✗ Incorrect: Terminado a aula, os alunos saíram.
✓ Correct: Terminada a aula, os alunos saíram. (aula is feminine)
✗ Incorrect: Feito as pazes, eles se abraçaram.
✓ Correct: Feitas as pazes, eles se abraçaram. (pazes is feminine plural)
  1. 1Confusing with Standard Reduced Clauses (Same Subject): The absolute participle is defined by having a different subject from the main clause. If the subject is the same, you must use a different structure—typically a gerund clause or a standard participle clause without the explicit subject noun.
| Scenario | Correct Structure | Example | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Different Subjects (Subject 1: a tarefa; Subject 2: ele) | Absolute Participle | Concluída a tarefa, ele foi para casa. | The absolute clause correctly modifies the main clause. |
| Same Subject (Subject: ele) | Reduced Clause (Gerund or Participle) | Tendo concluído a tarefa, ele foi para casa. OR Concluída a tarefa, ele foi para casa. (Here, it's understood *he* concluded it) | Using the absolute form *Concluído ele a tarefa...* would be grammatically impossible. The standard reduced clause is required. |
The key is: do not state the subject in the participle clause if it's the same as the main subject. The absolute construction's purpose is precisely to introduce a new, different subject.
  1. 1Using Inappropriate Verbs: This construction works best with transitive verbs that imply a clear, completed action which results in a new state (e.g., finishing, making, saying, seeing, resolving). Using it with intransitive stative verbs (verbs of being or feeling) can sound awkward or be grammatically incorrect.
✗ Awkward: Chovido muito, as ruas ficaram alagadas. (It having rained a lot...)
✓ Better: Dada a chuva forte, as ruas ficaram alagadas. (Given the heavy rain...) or simply Como choveu muito...
The second version works because dar (here: given) is used idiomatically. The first is unnatural because chover is an impersonal verb without a subject to agree with in the same way.

Real Conversations

While primarily a formal structure, you will encounter the absolute participle in specific, real-world contexts that mimic formal discourse, even in spoken or digital communication.

Scenario 1: A work email summarizing action items.

S

Subject

Re: Lançamento do Projeto Beta

Olá equipe,

Feita a revisão final do código e aprovado o design, podemos agendar o lançamento para a próxima sexta-feira. Definidas as datas, o time de marketing começará a campanha.

(Hi team,)

(The final code review having been done and the design approved, we can schedule the launch for next Friday. The dates being defined, the marketing team will begin the campaign.)

Scenario 2: A formal university lecture.

...e assim, visto o contexto histórico da época, podemos entender melhor as motivações do autor. Posto isso, vamos agora analisar o primeiro capítulo...

("...and so, the historical context of the era having been seen, we can better understand the author's motivations. That said, let's now analyze the first chapter...")

Scenario 3: A WhatsApp message with a dramatic flair.

Person A: E o trabalho da faculdade? Conseguiu terminar? (And the university assignment? Did you manage to finish it?)

Person B: Sim. Entregue o trabalho, agora sou uma pessoa livre. Finalmente. (Yes. The assignment delivered, I am now a free person. Finally.)

In this last case, the speaker uses the formal structure to create a humorous, theatrical effect, emphasizing the immense relief of completing the task.

Quick FAQ

Q

Is the comma after the absolute clause really mandatory?

Yes, absolutely. The comma is essential to demarcate the subordinate absolute clause from the main clause. Omitting it is a punctuation error.

Q

Can the absolute clause appear at the end of a sentence?

It is grammatically possible, but stylistically very rare and often awkward. The natural position is at the beginning, as it sets the context for the main action. Example: Os jogadores comemoraram, terminado o jogo. This is far less common than the reverse.

Q

Can I use pronouns as the subject of the absolute clause?

Generally, no. The structure almost always uses a full noun phrase for clarity. Phrases like Dito isso (where isso is a pronoun) are exceptions that have become fixed expressions. A construction like *Feita ela...* would be ungrammatical.

Q

What is the difference between Dito isso and Posto isso?

They are very similar and often interchangeable, both translating to That said or Given that. Dito isso is slightly more common and relates to something just said. Posto isso feels a bit more formal and relates to establishing a premise or fact (from pôr, to put or place).

Q

Does this structure exist in other Romance languages?

Yes. It is a direct parallel to the Spanish participio absoluto (e.g., Terminada la clase...), the Italian participio assoluto (e.g., Finito il lavoro...), and the French participe absolu (e.g., La guerre finie...). It is a feature derived from the Latin ablative absolute construction.

Q

How do I handle verbs with only a regular participle, like falar?

You would use the regular participle and apply the same agreement rules. However, in practice, this is extremely rare as the construction heavily favors verbs with short/irregular forms or transitive verbs of action. A sentence like *Falada a verdade...* is grammatically conceivable but idiomatically very strange. Natives would almost always prefer a different phrasing, like Uma vez que a verdade foi dita....

Agreement Patterns

Noun Gender/Number Participle Ending Example
Masc. Sing.
-o
Feito o trabalho
Fem. Sing.
-a
Feita a tarefa
Masc. Pl.
-os
Feitos os trabalhos
Fem. Pl.
-as
Feitas as tarefas

Meanings

A construction where a past participle functions as the head of an adverbial clause, replacing a conjunction-led subordinate clause.

1

Temporal

Indicates that an action is completed before the main action.

“Terminada a reunião, todos saíram.”

“Chegada a hora, partimos.”

2

Causal

Indicates the reason for the main action.

“Explicada a situação, ele entendeu.”

“Perdida a esperança, desistiram.”

3

Conditional

Indicates a condition that must be met.

“Aceita a proposta, assinaremos o contrato.”

“Vencida a etapa, passaremos à próxima.”

Reference Table

Reference table for 葡萄牙语绝对分词 (Participio Absoluto)：无连词的高级句型
绝对分词短语 字面直译 自然中文意思
Terminada a reunião...
结束了的会议...
会议结束后...
Feitas as pazes...
做好了的和解...
讲和之后...
Resolvido o problema...
解决了的问题...
问题解决后...
Dito isso...
说了的这个...
话虽如此 / 说了这些之后...
Acabado o dinheiro...
用完了的钱...
钱花光之后...
Tomada a decisão...
做出了的决定...
既然决定已经做了...

正式程度

正式
Concluído o trabalho, podemos partir.

Concluído o trabalho, podemos partir. (Workplace)

中性
Quando o trabalho estiver concluído, podemos ir.

Quando o trabalho estiver concluído, podemos ir. (Workplace)

非正式
Terminou o trabalho, vamos embora.

Terminou o trabalho, vamos embora. (Workplace)

俚语
Trabalho feito, vaza.

Trabalho feito, vaza. (Workplace)

绝对分词的用途

绝对分词

时间 (何时)

  • Terminada a aula... 下课后...

原因 (为何)

  • Resolvido o bug... 因为 Bug 解决了...

条件 (如果)

  • Assinado o contrato... 一旦合同签署...

绝对分词 vs. 副动词 vs. 连词

绝对分词 (C2 级别)
Terminado o trabalho, saí. 工作完成后，我离开了。
副动词 (B1 级别)
Terminando o trabalho, saí. 正完成工作时，我离开了。
连词 (A2 级别)
Quando o trabalho terminou, saí. 当工作结束时，我离开了。

如何确定分词的一致性

1

名词是什么性别？

YES
阴性 -> 词尾加 -a
NO
阳性 -> 保持 -o
2

名词是复数吗？

YES
在词尾加 -s
NO ↓

常见的绝对分词

📝

规则分词 (-ado / -ido)

  • • Terminado
  • • Resolvido
  • • Passado
⚠️

不规则分词 (必须背诵)

  • • Feito
  • • Visto
  • • Dito
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Terminada a aula, saímos.

The class finished, we left.

1

Feito o bolo, comemos.

The cake made, we ate.

1

Resolvida a dúvida, continuamos.

The doubt resolved, we continued.

1

Assinado o contrato, o negócio foi fechado.

The contract signed, the deal was closed.

1

Exauridas as possibilidades, ele desistiu.

The possibilities exhausted, he gave up.

1

Publicada a sentença, o réu foi liberado.

The sentence published, the defendant was released.

容易混淆

Portuguese Absolute Participle: Sentences Without Conjunctions 对比 Gerundial Clause

Learners mix up 'Terminada a aula' (participle) with 'Terminando a aula' (gerund).

常见错误

✗

Terminado a aula

✓

Terminada a aula

Agreement error: 'aula' is feminine.
✗

Terminadas a aula

✓

Terminada a aula

Agreement error: 'aula' is singular.
✗

Tendo terminado a aula, saímos

✓

Terminada a aula, saímos

Unnecessary auxiliary verb.
✗

Terminada a aula, eu saí

✓

Terminada a aula, saímos

Subject ambiguity.

句型

___ (participle) ___ (noun), ___ (main clause).

Real World Usage

Legal Contract constant

Assinado o contrato, as partes ficam vinculadas.

News Report very common

Anunciada a decisão, o povo protestou.

Academic Paper common

Definidos os objetivos, iniciamos o estudo.

Literary Fiction common

Aberta a porta, o medo tomou conta.

Formal Email occasional

Resolvida a pendência, aguardo retorno.

Official Speech occasional

Inaugurada a obra, celebramos.

免费注册查看所有例句
⚠️

性数一致是死命令

千万别永远只用阳性单数！如果名词是阴性或复数，分词必须跟着变。比如：Terminada a aula，如果说成 Terminado a aula，母语者听了会觉得非常别扭。
🎯

尤达大师法则

永远要把分词放在名词前面。虽然文学作品里偶尔会反过来，但在现实生活中，说 A aula terminada... 听起来就像尤达大师在说话。标准写法是：Terminada a aula...。
💬

职场“高端局”黑话

在巴西的职场邮件里，用 Alinhados os pontos...（要点已对齐……）开头是一种非常有气场的表达方式，瞬间拉高你的专业形象。

Smart Tips

Use the absolute participle to start your paragraphs.

Quando a análise terminou, escrevemos o relatório. → Terminada a análise, escrevemos o relatório.

Replace 'porque' or 'quando' clauses.

Porque o problema foi resolvido, ficamos felizes. → Resolvido o problema, ficamos felizes.

Use it to state conditions.

Se o contrato for assinado, tudo muda. → Assinado o contrato, tudo muda.

Use it to show the order clearly.

Depois que a porta foi aberta, ele entrou. → Aberta a porta, ele entrou.

发音

Terminada a aula, / saímos.

Intonation

Pause slightly after the participle clause.

Rising-Falling

Terminada a aula (rise), saímos (fall).

Signals the end of the introductory clause.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of it as a 'Done-First' sentence. The action is 'Done' before the rest happens.

视觉联想

Imagine a stamp hitting a document. The stamp (participle) hits the paper (noun) first, then the document is filed (main clause).

Rhyme

Participle first, noun in tow, formal writing starts to flow.

Story

The king enters the room. 'Coroado o rei, a festa começou.' (Crowned the king, the party started.) The king is crowned first, then the party happens.

Word Web

TerminadoFeitoResolvidoAssinadoPublicadoVencido

挑战

Write 3 sentences about your day using this structure in 5 minutes.

文化笔记

Used in formal journalism and legal documents.

Common in academic and formal literary contexts.

Standard in contracts.

Derived from the Latin 'Ablative Absolute'.

对话开场白

“

Como você se sente quando 'terminada a tarefa'?

日记主题

Describe a formal event using three absolute participle clauses.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Sign up free to see all tips

Test Yourself

在空格处填入正确的性数一致的分词形式。

_____ as provas, os alunos foram comemorar.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Terminadas
因为 'provas' 是阴性复数，所以分词必须用 'Terminadas'。
哪个句子在语法上是正确的？ 多项选择

选择分词匹配正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Resolvida a crise, a empresa voltou a crescer.
'Crise' 是阴性单数名词，所以分词必须是 'Resolvida'。
找出并修正性/数一致的错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Feito as malas, ela foi para o aeroporto.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Feitas as malas, ela foi para o aeroporto.
'Malas' 是阴性复数，所以不规则分词 'feito' 要变成 'feitas'。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct participle.

___ (Terminar) a aula, saímos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Terminada
Aula is feminine singular.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Feita a tarefa, saímos.
Feita agrees with tarefa.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Terminado a reunião, fomos embora.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Terminada a reunião
Reunião is feminine.
Transform into an absolute participle clause. Sentence Transformation

Quando o contrato foi assinado, nós saímos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Assinado o contrato, saímos.
Contrato is masculine singular.
Match the participle to the noun. Match Pairs

Match: (Resolvida, Resolvidos, Resolvido) with (o problema, a questão, os casos).

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Resolvida-a questão, Resolvidos-os casos, Resolvido-o problema
Agreement is key.
Select the best fit. 多项选择

___ os documentos, podemos prosseguir.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Assinados
Documentos is masculine plural.
Fill in the blank.

___ (Publicar) a notícia, todos souberam.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Publicada
Notícia is feminine.
Correct the error. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Vencido as etapas, vencemos.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vencidas as etapas
Etapas is feminine plural.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
用正确的分词形式完成短语。 填空

_____ o jantar, fomos assistir à série na Netflix.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabado
修正这条短信中的一致性错误。 Error Correction

Passado a chuva, a gente se encontra.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Passada a chuva, a gente se encontra.
重新排列单词以组成正确的绝对分词短语。 Sentence Reorder

重组句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Assinado o contrato, podemos começar.
使用绝对分词将句子翻译成葡萄牙语。 翻译

问题解决后，我们去睡觉了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Resolvido o problema, fomos dormir.
选择固定短语的正确形式。 多项选择

表达“话虽如此”的正确方式是？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Dito isso...
将绝对分词短语与其对应的中文意思匹配。 Match Pairs

匹配意思：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 讲和之后 | 话虽如此 | 鉴于目前的情况
选择性别匹配正确的分词。 填空

_____ a decisão, não há como voltar atrás.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Tomada
纠正不规则分词的一致性。 Error Correction

Visto as fotos, eu apaguei o app.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vistas as fotos, eu apaguei o app.
正确组合绝对分词短语。 Sentence Reorder

重组单词：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Explicadas as regras, vamos jogar.
使用绝对分词进行翻译。 翻译

钱一花光，派对就结束了。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Acabado o dinheiro, a festa terminou.
识别绝对分词的正确用法。 多项选择

哪个标题的语法使用正确？

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Vencido o jogo, o team comemorou.
将分词与正确的名词匹配以组成有效的短语。 Match Pairs

匹配一致性：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: a aula | o problema | as malas

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

It is very rare in speech. It sounds very formal, almost like you are reading a report.

Yes, it is almost always at the beginning of the sentence.

The participle must be plural too, e.g., 'Terminados os trabalhos'.

It is related, but it acts as an adverbial clause, not a main verb.

To sound more professional and concise in writing.

Only verbs that can form a past participle and make sense in a completed state.

Yes, in formal writing and journalism.

Failing to match the gender and number of the participle with the noun.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

免费注册开始练习

In Other Languages

Spanish high

Participio absoluto

None.

French high

Participe passé absolu

Agreement rules are slightly more complex.

German moderate

Partizipialattribut

Word order is much stricter.

Japanese low

Te-form

No gender agreement.

Arabic low

Hal clause

Completely different syntax.

Chinese none

Conjunctions

No verb conjugation.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
葡萄牙语愿望与遗憾：独立虚拟式 (Subjuntivo Independente)
Next
Semantic Shifts in Plural Nouns (Nuances of 'Bens', 'Férias', 'Costumes')

相关视频

Romance Languages: syntax of compound & passive sentences 6:40 YouTube

Romance Languages: syntax of compound & passive sentences

NativLang

Related Grammar Rules

C1

省略重复词汇 (Elipse & Zeugma)

Overview 有没有听葡萄牙语母语者说话时，怀疑他们把一半的词都吞了？这不只是你的错觉。说葡萄牙语的人是真的讨厌重复。重复让...
C2

精通修辞性重复 (Repetição Retórica)

### Overview 你好！作为一名深耕葡萄牙语教学的老师，我非常理解中文母语者在进阶阶段的学习难点。当你达到C2级别时，语法不仅...
C1

虚拟假设：梦想与遗憾 (se eu fosse, eu faria)

Overview The **Unreal Hypotheses** in Portuguese, often encapsulated by the structure `se eu fosse, eu faria` (if I were...
B2

过去时的间接引语 (Ele disse que...)

Overview 有没有试过向你最好的朋友解释昨晚你暗恋的人到底跟你说了什么，但却在时间线上搞混了？“他说他*喜欢*我”还是“他说他*...
B2

过去将来时：转述某人“将会”做的事 (Iria)

Overview 你有没有答应过朋友会给他们回电话，但后来手机没电就忘了？... [Translation of the text into Simplified Chinese ma...
Was this helpful?

评论 (0)

登录后评论
还没有评论。成为第一个分享想法的人！