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A2 noun #2,000 最常用 15分钟阅读

perda

前2,000

开始练习例句笔记与提示 perda 30秒了解

解析 perda in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word 'perda' is introduced as a basic noun meaning 'loss'. Beginners learn to recognize this word in very simple, everyday contexts. You might see it on a sign, in a basic text, or hear it in a simple conversation. At this stage, the focus is on understanding that 'perda' means something is gone. For example, you might learn the phrase 'perda de tempo', which means 'waste of time'. This is a very common expression that even beginners can start using to express frustration when something takes too long or is not useful. You will also learn that 'perda' is a feminine word, so it uses 'a' (the) or 'uma' (a/an). So, you say 'a perda' (the loss). You might also see it in health contexts, like 'perda de peso' (weight loss), which is common in magazines or basic health articles. The main goal at A1 is simply to map the Portuguese word 'perda' to the English word 'loss' and recognize it when it appears in very basic, highly predictable sentences. You do not need to worry about complex grammar rules yet, just remember that it is a thing (a noun) and not an action (a verb).

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At the A2 level, your understanding of 'perda' expands significantly. You start using it actively in sentences to describe various situations. You learn to connect 'perda' with the preposition 'de' to specify what was lost, forming phrases like 'perda de memória' (memory loss) or 'perda de dinheiro' (loss of money). You also begin to understand its emotional weight. At this level, you might learn how to express sympathy by saying 'Sinto muito pela sua perda' (I am sorry for your loss) when someone is grieving. This is a crucial cultural and social use of the word. Furthermore, you start to notice the difference between the noun 'perda' and the verb 'perder' (to lose). You practice sentences where 'perda' is the subject, such as 'A perda do meu celular foi um problema' (The loss of my cell phone was a problem). You also start encountering 'perda' in plural forms, 'perdas', especially in simple news stories or texts about accidents or natural disasters, where they talk about 'perdas materiais' (material losses). The A2 level is about building confidence in using 'perda' in practical, everyday scenarios and understanding its basic grammatical structure as a feminine noun.

At the B1 intermediate level, 'perda' becomes a tool for more complex and nuanced expression. You are expected to use it comfortably in various contexts, from discussing personal health ('perda de apetite') to talking about technology ('perda de dados' or data loss). You also start using it with a wider range of adjectives to add detail, such as 'uma grande perda' (a great loss), 'uma perda significativa' (a significant loss), or 'perda total' (total loss, often used for cars in accidents). At this stage, the distinction between the noun 'perda' and the subjunctive verb form 'perca' becomes a major focus. You must consciously avoid the common mistake of saying 'uma perca de tempo' and correctly use 'uma perda de tempo'. You will also encounter 'perda' in more abstract discussions, such as talking about the loss of opportunities ('perda de oportunidades') or the loss of rights ('perda de direitos'). Your reading and listening comprehension will improve, allowing you to understand news reports discussing economic losses ('perdas financeiras') or sports commentary discussing the loss of a championship. B1 is about solidifying accuracy and expanding the thematic range in which you can confidently deploy the word 'perda'.

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At the B2 upper-intermediate level, your use of 'perda' should be highly accurate and natural. You are expected to understand and use idiomatic expressions and collocations effortlessly. You can engage in detailed discussions about abstract concepts, such as 'perda de identidade cultural' (loss of cultural identity) or 'perda de prestígio' (loss of prestige). You will frequently encounter 'perda' in professional, academic, and journalistic texts. In business contexts, you will comfortably discuss 'lucros e perdas' (profit and loss) and strategies to 'minimizar perdas' (minimize losses). You will also understand subtle distinctions between 'perda' and related words like 'prejuízo' (financial loss/detriment) or 'dano' (damage), choosing the most precise word for your intended meaning. Your ability to express empathy and condolences using 'perda' will be refined, allowing you to navigate sensitive social situations with appropriate tone and vocabulary. Furthermore, you will easily handle complex grammatical structures where 'perda' is modified by relative clauses or prepositional phrases. At B2, 'perda' is no longer just a vocabulary word to translate; it is a fully integrated concept in your Portuguese communication repertoire, used with the same flexibility as a native speaker would in standard contexts.

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At the C1 advanced level, your mastery of 'perda' encompasses its most formal, technical, and literary applications. You will encounter and utilize the word in specialized fields such as law, medicine, and economics. In legal discourse, you will understand phrases like 'perdas e danos' (damages) and the legal implications of 'perda de posse' (loss of possession). In medical literature, you will comprehend detailed descriptions of 'perda cognitiva' (cognitive loss) or 'perda motora' (motor loss). Your vocabulary will include highly sophisticated collocations and synonyms, allowing you to avoid repetition and express precise shades of meaning. You will effortlessly navigate the stylistic nuances of the word, understanding when 'perda' carries a tragic, clinical, or purely statistical connotation based on the surrounding text. You can write essays or give presentations discussing the societal impact of 'perda de biodiversidade' (loss of biodiversity) or the psychological stages of dealing with a 'perda irreparável' (irreparable loss). At this level, you are also acutely aware of regional variations and common colloquial errors (like the 'perda' vs 'perca' confusion), but you consistently maintain grammatical perfection in your own production, using 'perda' with absolute precision and rhetorical effectiveness.

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At the C2 mastery level, your understanding and application of 'perda' are indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You grasp the deepest etymological and cultural resonances of the word. You can analyze literary texts where 'perda' is a central theme, understanding its symbolic and metaphorical uses. You can manipulate the word in complex rhetorical structures, using it to evoke pathos, emphasize a logical argument, or create poetic imagery. You are entirely comfortable with archaic or highly specialized usages that might appear in historical documents or advanced academic treatises. You can effortlessly debate philosophical concepts related to the loss of innocence, the loss of meaning, or existential loss. In professional settings, you can draft complex legal contracts or financial reports detailing the exact parameters of liability for 'perdas'. Your command of the language allows you to play with the concept of 'perda', perhaps using it ironically or subverting its usual collocations for stylistic effect. At C2, 'perda' is a fully mastered element of your linguistic architecture, deployed with complete intuition, unparalleled accuracy, and profound expressive power across every conceivable register and context.

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开始练习例句笔记与提示

perda 30秒了解

A feminine noun meaning 'loss', 'waste', or 'deprivation'.
Used for physical objects, abstract concepts (time), and emotional grief.
Often paired with 'de' (e.g., perda de tempo, perda de peso).
Must not be confused with 'perca', which is a verb conjugation.

The Portuguese word 'perda' is a fundamental feminine noun that translates directly to 'loss' in English. Understanding this word is absolutely essential for anyone learning Portuguese, as it appears in a vast array of contexts, ranging from everyday conversations to highly technical, medical, and legal discussions. At its core, 'perda' signifies the act, instance, or experience of losing something that one previously possessed, held, or experienced. This can apply to tangible objects, such as a physical item, money, or property, as well as intangible concepts, such as time, memory, patience, or even life itself. When you misplace your keys, experience a financial setback, or mourn the passing of a loved one, the concept of 'perda' is central to expressing that reality. The versatility of this noun makes it a cornerstone of expressive communication in Portuguese.

A perda do documento causou muitos problemas.

In the context of physical health and wellness, you will frequently encounter this word in expressions related to weight management or medical conditions. For example, 'perda de peso' is the standard term for weight loss, a phrase commonly seen in fitness magazines, medical advice, and everyday discussions about dieting.

Health Context: Used extensively in medical terminology, such as hearing loss (perda auditiva) or memory loss (perda de memória).

Similarly, 'perda de memória' refers to memory loss, which can be used casually when someone forgets something trivial, or clinically when discussing conditions like amnesia or dementia.

Ele sofreu uma grande perda financeira este ano.

Beyond the physical realm, 'perda' is deeply emotional. It is the primary word used to describe the bereavement process. When someone passes away, expressing condolences often involves acknowledging the 'perda' (loss) that the family is enduring. This emotional weight gives the word a profound resonance in the language, requiring learners to handle it with empathy and appropriate tone depending on the situation. Furthermore, 'perda' is heavily utilized in abstract and idiomatic expressions. The phrase 'perda de tempo' is incredibly common and translates to 'waste of time'.

Abstract Usage: Refers to the squandering of intangible resources, most notably time and energy, which are irretrievable once gone.

If you are stuck in traffic, watching a terrible movie, or engaging in a fruitless argument, you would describe the experience as a 'perda de tempo'.

Discutir com ele é uma perda de tempo.

This highlights how the concept of loss in Portuguese extends beyond merely misplacing items to encompass the inefficient use of valuable resources. In legal and insurance contexts, 'perda total' is a crucial term. It translates to 'total loss' and is typically used when a vehicle or property is damaged beyond repair or when the cost of repair exceeds the value of the item itself.

O acidente resultou em perda total do veículo.

Understanding these varied applications of 'perda' allows learners to navigate a wide spectrum of conversations, from the mundane to the highly critical.

Financial Context: Denotes a decrease in financial value, revenue, or assets, often used in business reports and economic analyses.

It is also vital to recognize the grammatical nature of the word. As a feminine noun, it must be accompanied by feminine articles and adjectives, such as 'a perda', 'uma perda', 'muita perda', or 'pequena perda'. The plural form, 'perdas', is frequently used in business contexts to refer to losses or damages, often paired with 'danos' in the legal phrase 'perdas e danos' (damages and losses).

A empresa relatou grandes perdas no último trimestre.

By mastering the multifaceted meanings and applications of 'perda', learners significantly enhance their ability to express complex situations, emotions, and evaluations in Portuguese, making it an indispensable addition to their vocabulary arsenal.

Using the word 'perda' correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a feminine noun and recognizing the common prepositions and verbs that accompany it. Since it is a noun, it typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence. The most common preposition used with 'perda' is 'de', which links the concept of loss to the specific thing that has been lost. This construction, 'perda de [noun]', is incredibly productive in Portuguese and forms the basis of many essential phrases. For instance, if you want to talk about losing weight, you say 'perda de peso'. If you are discussing a lack of memory, it is 'perda de memória'.

A perda de apetite é um sintoma comum.

This structure is straightforward and mirrors the English 'loss of', making it relatively easy for English speakers to adopt. However, the key is to remember that 'perda' is a noun, not a verb.

Noun vs Verb: Perda is the noun (the loss), while perder is the verb (to lose). Never use perda as an action word.

A very common mistake among learners, and even some native speakers in informal contexts, is confusing the noun 'perda' with the verb form 'perca'. 'Perca' is the first and third-person singular of the present subjunctive of the verb 'perder' (to lose), as well as the imperative form. For example, you should say 'Isso é uma perda de tempo' (This is a waste of time), using the noun. You should NOT say 'Isso é uma perca de tempo'. Conversely, you use 'perca' in a sentence like 'Espero que ele não perca o trem' (I hope he doesn't lose the train), where it functions as a verb.

Foi uma perda irreparável para a comunidade.

When using 'perda' to describe emotional bereavement, it is often accompanied by adjectives that emphasize the severity or nature of the loss. Common collocations include 'grande perda' (great loss), 'perda irreparável' (irreparable loss), or 'triste perda' (sad loss).

Emotional Expression: Pairing 'perda' with strong adjectives helps convey deep sympathy and understanding during times of grief.

In professional and academic writing, 'perda' is frequently used in the plural form, 'perdas', especially when discussing financial or material deficits. You will see phrases like 'lucros e perdas' (profit and loss) in accounting, or 'minimizar as perdas' (to minimize losses) in business strategy.

O objetivo principal é evitar a perda de clientes.

Another important usage is in the context of sports or competitions, where 'perda' can refer to the loss of points, a match, or a title, though the word 'derrota' (defeat) is also very common in these scenarios. To truly master 'perda', practice building sentences where it acts as the core subject. For example: 'A perda do sinal de internet atrapalhou a reunião' (The loss of the internet signal disrupted the meeting).

Houve uma perda significativa de dados no servidor.

Notice how 'perda' anchors the phrase, dictating the feminine article 'A' and clearly establishing the theme of the sentence.

Technical Usage: In IT and engineering, 'perda de dados' (data loss) or 'perda de energia' (power loss) are standard technical terms.

By consistently applying these structures and being mindful of the noun-verb distinction, learners can confidently integrate 'perda' into their active Portuguese vocabulary, ensuring clear, accurate, and contextually appropriate communication across a multitude of situations.

A perda de audição pode ocorrer com a idade.

The word 'perda' is ubiquitous in the Portuguese-speaking world, echoing through various environments, media, and daily interactions. Because the concept of loss is universal, the noun 'perda' naturally finds its way into almost every domain of human experience. One of the most common places you will hear 'perda' is in informal, everyday conversations, particularly when people are expressing frustration about inefficiency. The phrase 'perda de tempo' (waste of time) is a staple of Brazilian and European Portuguese colloquial speech.

Ficar na fila do banco é uma perda de tempo.

You will hear friends complaining about a boring movie, employees grumbling about an unnecessary meeting, or commuters stuck in traffic, all using 'perda de tempo' to articulate their annoyance.

Daily Life: Expect to hear 'perda de tempo' or 'perda de dinheiro' frequently when people discuss daily frustrations and inconveniences.

Another major arena where 'perda' is frequently spoken is in the context of health, fitness, and medicine. If you visit a gym in Brazil or Portugal, or if you watch health-related television programs, the term 'perda de peso' (weight loss) will be inescapable.

O programa foca na perda de peso saudável.

Nutritionists, personal trainers, and doctors constantly use this phrase when discussing diet plans and exercise regimens. In a more clinical setting, doctors use 'perda' to describe various medical conditions, such as 'perda de sangue' (blood loss), 'perda de visão' (vision loss), or 'perda de consciência' (loss of consciousness). News broadcasts and journalism also rely heavily on the word 'perda'. When reporting on natural disasters, accidents, or economic crises, journalists frequently speak of 'perdas materiais' (material losses) or 'perdas humanas' (human losses).

As enchentes causaram grandes perdas na agricultura.

In the financial news segments, analysts discuss 'perdas na bolsa de valores' (losses in the stock market) or a company's 'lucros e perdas' (profits and losses).

News Media: Journalists use 'perda' to quantify the negative impact of events, from economic downturns to natural catastrophes.

The legal and insurance sectors are yet another domain where 'perda' is a critical term. If you are ever involved in a car accident in a Portuguese-speaking country, you might hear the insurance adjuster declare the vehicle a 'perda total' (total loss).

O seguro cobriu a perda do equipamento roubado.

Furthermore, in the realm of personal relationships and emotional experiences, 'perda' is the standard word used during times of grief. At funerals or when offering condolences, you will hear phrases like 'Sinto muito pela sua perda' (I am very sorry for your loss). Even in technology and computing, the word has found its place. IT professionals talk about 'perda de dados' (data loss) or 'perda de conexão' (loss of connection) when troubleshooting issues.

Faça backup para evitar a perda de arquivos importantes.

Technology: A vital term in digital contexts, representing the deletion or corruption of digital assets and connectivity.

Because 'perda' traverses so many different fields—from the highly emotional to the strictly technical, and from casual slang to formal reporting—it is a word that learners will encounter constantly. Paying attention to the context in which 'perda' is used will not only reinforce its meaning but also provide valuable insights into the cultural and professional nuances of the Portuguese language.

When learning the Portuguese word 'perda', students frequently encounter a few specific stumbling blocks that can lead to confusion or grammatical errors. By far, the most prevalent and notorious mistake—even among native speakers in informal settings—is the confusion between the noun 'perda' and the verb form 'perca'. This error is so common that it is often a topic of grammar lessons in Brazilian and Portuguese schools. 'Perda' is strictly a noun, meaning 'loss'. 'Perca', on the other hand, is a conjugation of the verb 'perder' (to lose), specifically the first and third-person singular of the present subjunctive, as well as the imperative.

A perda de tempo foi enorme.

A classic mistake is saying 'Isso é uma perca de tempo' instead of the correct 'Isso é uma perda de tempo'.

The Golden Rule: If you need a noun (a thing), use PERDA. If you need an action (a verb), use PERCA.

To avoid this, always analyze the function of the word in your sentence. If it follows an article like 'a' or 'uma', or an adjective like 'grande', it must be the noun 'perda'. Another common mistake involves gender agreement. Because 'perda' ends in 'a', it is relatively intuitive that it is a feminine noun. However, learners sometimes forget to ensure that all accompanying words agree in gender.

Foi uma perda dolorosa para todos.

You must say 'muita perda' (a lot of loss), not 'muito perda'. Similarly, adjectives must be feminine: 'perda total' (total loss - total is invariable), but 'perda significativa' (significant loss), not 'perda significativo'.

Gender Agreement: Always pair 'perda' with feminine articles (a, uma, as, umas) and feminine adjectives.

A third area of difficulty arises with prepositions. When specifying what has been lost, the preposition 'de' is almost always required. Learners might try to translate 'loss in weight' directly and say 'perda em peso', which sounds unnatural. The correct phrasing is always 'perda de peso'.

Ele sofre de perda de memória recente.

The structure 'perda de [noun]' is fixed and should be memorized as a single unit for common phrases. Furthermore, learners sometimes struggle with the pronunciation, confusing the open 'e' sound in 'perda' (sounds like the 'e' in 'pet') with a closed 'e' sound. Pronouncing it correctly helps distinguish it clearly in spoken Portuguese. Lastly, learners might overuse 'perda' when 'derrota' (defeat) is more appropriate. While 'perda' can mean losing a game, 'derrota' is much more specific and natural when talking about sports or battles.

A perda do campeonato foi frustrante.

You can say 'a perda do campeonato' (the loss of the championship title), but if you mean the team lost a specific match, 'a derrota no jogo' is better.

Contextual Nuance: Distinguish between losing an object/concept (perda) and losing a competition (derrota).

By being aware of these common pitfalls—especially the strict distinction between the noun 'perda' and the verb 'perca'—learners can significantly improve their grammatical accuracy and sound much more natural and fluent when speaking or writing in Portuguese.

Evite a perda de foco durante os estudos.

When expanding your Portuguese vocabulary around the concept of 'perda', it is highly beneficial to explore similar words, synonyms, and related terms that can add nuance and precision to your communication. While 'perda' is the most direct translation for 'loss', several other words capture specific types of loss or related concepts. One of the most closely related words is 'dano', which translates to 'damage' or 'harm'.

A tempestade causou perdas e danos terríveis.

In legal and insurance contexts, 'perdas e danos' is a fixed phrase meaning 'damages' or 'losses and damages'. While 'perda' implies something is gone entirely, 'dano' implies something is broken or harmed but may still exist.

Perda vs Dano: Perda is the absence or deprivation of something, while dano refers to the physical or abstract injury or destruction inflicted upon it.

Another important related word is 'prejuízo'. This word translates to 'financial loss', 'detriment', or 'prejudice' (in the sense of harm). If a business loses money, they suffer a 'prejuízo'.

A empresa teve um grande prejuízo, resultando em perda de capital.

You would use 'prejuízo' when focusing specifically on the negative financial or practical impact, whereas 'perda' is a broader term that can encompass emotional or physical loss as well. In the context of sports, games, or battles, the word 'derrota' is crucial. 'Derrota' translates to 'defeat'. While you can say 'a perda do jogo' (the loss of the game), 'a derrota' is much more evocative and commonly used to describe the outcome of a competitive event.

A equipe sofreu uma perda dolorosa, uma verdadeira derrota.

Perda vs Derrota: Perda focuses on the object lost (e.g., the title), while derrota focuses on the event of being beaten by an opponent.

For emotional loss, particularly bereavement, the word 'luto' is highly relevant. 'Luto' means 'mourning' or 'grief'. When someone experiences the 'perda' of a loved one, they enter a period of 'luto'.

Após a perda do avô, a família entrou em luto.

These two words are inextricably linked in the context of death and sadness. Another synonym for 'perda' in the sense of lacking something is 'falta' (lack, absence, or fault). If there is a 'perda de energia' (loss of power), you could also describe it as a 'falta de energia' (lack of power). Finally, the word 'extravio' is a very specific synonym used mostly for physical objects, especially mail, luggage, or documents. It means 'loss' or 'misplacement' in transit.

Houve um extravio da bagagem, resultando na perda dos meus pertences.

Perda vs Extravio: Extravio is formal and specific to items lost during transport or handling, whereas perda is the general term for any kind of loss.

By understanding these subtle distinctions between 'perda', 'dano', 'prejuízo', 'derrota', 'luto', 'falta', and 'extravio', learners can elevate their Portuguese from basic translation to precise, context-aware expression, ensuring they always choose the exact right word for the situation.

How Formal Is It?

难度评级

需要掌握的语法

Gender agreement of nouns and adjectives.

Use of the preposition 'de' to link nouns (Noun + de + Noun).

Distinction between nouns and verbs (perda vs. perca).

Pluralization of feminine nouns ending in 'a'.

Fixed prepositional phrases and collocations.

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按水平分级的例句

Isso é uma perda de tempo.

This is a waste of time.

Noun phrase 'perda de tempo'.

A perda de peso é boa.

The weight loss is good.

Subject of the sentence.

Eu sinto a perda.

I feel the loss.

Direct object.

Foi uma grande perda.

It was a great loss.

Modified by adjective 'grande'.

Não quero a perda do jogo.

I don't want the loss of the game.

Followed by preposition 'de'.

A perda de cabelo é normal.

Hair loss is normal.

Medical/health context.

Tivemos uma perda hoje.

We had a loss today.

Used with verb 'ter'.

A perda foi triste.

The loss was sad.

Subject with adjective 'triste'.

Sinto muito pela sua perda.

I am very sorry for your loss.

Standard phrase for condolences.

A perda de memória do meu avô está piorando.

My grandfather's memory loss is getting worse.

Specific medical collocation.

O acidente causou a perda total do carro.

The accident caused the total loss of the car.

Insurance term 'perda total'.

Evite a perda de documentos importantes.

Avoid the loss of important documents.

Object of the verb 'evitar'.

A perda de apetite é um sintoma da gripe.

Loss of appetite is a symptom of the flu.

Health context.

Eles relataram perdas materiais após a chuva.

They reported material losses after the rain.

Plural form 'perdas'.

Discutir sobre isso é uma perda de tempo e energia.

Arguing about this is a waste of time and energy.

Extended abstract phrase.

A perda do emprego foi um choque para ele.

The loss of the job was a shock to him.

Subject describing a life event.

A empresa tentou minimizar a perda de clientes.

The company tried to minimize the loss of customers.

Business context.

Houve uma perda significativa de dados no servidor.

There was a significant loss of data on the server.

IT context, modified by 'significativa'.

A perda de audição pode ocorrer naturalmente com a idade.

Hearing loss can occur naturally with age.

Medical context 'perda de audição'.

Muitos consideram a nova lei uma perda de direitos.

Many consider the new law a loss of rights.

Abstract legal/social context.

A perda de biodiversidade é um problema global urgente.

The loss of biodiversity is an urgent global problem.

Environmental context.

Ele sofreu uma perda irreparável quando a casa pegou fogo.

He suffered an irreparable loss when the house caught fire.

Strong adjective 'irreparável'.

A perda de confiança no governo é evidente.

The loss of trust in the government is evident.

Abstract concept 'perda de confiança'.

O relatório detalha as perdas financeiras do último trimestre.

The report details the financial losses of the last quarter.

Plural 'perdas' with adjective 'financeiras'.

O juiz condenou o réu a pagar por perdas e danos.

The judge ordered the defendant to pay for damages.

Legal fixed phrase 'perdas e danos'.

A perda de autonomia é o maior medo dos idosos.

The loss of autonomy is the greatest fear of the elderly.

Psychological/social context.

A estratégia visa compensar a perda de receita nas vendas físicas.

The strategy aims to compensate for the loss of revenue in physical sales.

Advanced business vocabulary.

A perda de habitat natural ameaça várias espécies de extinção.

The loss of natural habitat threatens several species with extinction.

Scientific/environmental context.

Lidar com a perda de um ente querido requer tempo e apoio psicológico.

Dealing with the loss of a loved one requires time and psychological support.

Complex sentence structure about grief.

A constante perda de pacotes na rede indica um problema no roteador.

The constant packet loss on the network indicates a router problem.

Technical IT terminology 'perda de pacotes'.

A inflação resulta na perda do poder aquisitivo da população.

Inflation results in the loss of purchasing power of the population.

Economic concept 'perda do poder aquisitivo'.

A perda de prestígio internacional do país foi amplamente debatida.

The loss of the country's international prestige was widely debated.

Geopolitical context.

A cláusula contratual estipula multas severas em caso de perda de confidencialidade.

The contractual clause stipulates severe fines in case of loss of confidentiality.

Formal legal register.

O paciente apresenta um quadro clínico de perda cognitiva progressiva e irreversível.

The patient presents a clinical picture of progressive and irreversible cognitive loss.

Advanced medical terminology.

A obra literária explora a melancolia inerente à perda da inocência na juventude.

The literary work explores the melancholy inherent in the loss of innocence in youth.

Literary analysis context.

As flutuações cambiais provocaram uma perda cambial não realizada no balanço patrimonial.

Exchange rate fluctuations caused an unrealized foreign exchange loss on the balance sheet.

Highly specialized accounting terminology.

A mitigação das perdas inerentes ao processo de transmissão de energia é um desafio da engenharia.

Mitigating the losses inherent in the power transmission process is an engineering challenge.

Engineering context.

A narrativa constrói-se em torno da perda iminente, gerando uma tensão psicológica palpável.

The narrative is built around impending loss, generating palpable psychological tension.

Abstract literary criticism.

O tratado internacional visa prevenir a perda de patrimônio cultural em zonas de conflito.

The international treaty aims to prevent the loss of cultural heritage in conflict zones.

International relations vocabulary.

A obsolescência programada acelera a perda de valor de mercado dos dispositivos eletrônicos.

Planned obsolescence accelerates the loss of market value of electronic devices.

Economic/sociological critique.

A ontologia de Heidegger frequentemente tangencia a angústia perante a perda do ser.

Heidegger's ontology frequently touches upon the anguish in the face of the loss of being.

Deep philosophical discourse.

O acórdão do Supremo Tribunal ratificou a indenização por lucros cessantes e perdas emergentes.

The Supreme Court's ruling ratified the compensation for lost profits and emergent losses.

Highly specific legal jargon (perdas emergentes).

A entropia, em termodinâmica, pode ser compreendida como a medida da perda de energia útil num sistema isolado.

Entropy, in thermodynamics, can be understood as the measure of the loss of useful energy in an isolated system.

Advanced scientific definition.

A elegia fúnebre sublima a dor da perda, transmutando o luto individual em catarse coletiva.

The funeral elegy sublimates the pain of loss, transmuting individual grief into collective catharsis.

Advanced literary and psychological analysis.

A desregulamentação financeira exacerbou a vulnerabilidade sistêmica, culminando em perdas trilionárias irrecuperáveis.

Financial deregulation exacerbated systemic vulnerability, culminating in irretrievable trillion-dollar losses.

Macroeconomic analysis.

A erosão costeira representa uma perda territorial inexorável que exige intervenções de geoengenharia de vulto.

Coastal erosion represents an inexorable territorial loss that requires major geoengineering interventions.

Geological and engineering context.

O poeta articula a inexorabilidade do tempo através da metáfora da perda contínua das folhas outonais.

The poet articulates the inexorability of time through the metaphor of the continuous loss of autumnal leaves.

Poetic analysis.

A jurisprudência consolidou o entendimento de que a perda de uma chance configura dano moral indenizável.

Jurisprudence has consolidated the understanding that the loss of a chance constitutes compensable moral damage.

Specific legal doctrine 'perda de uma chance'.

常见搭配

perda de tempo

perda de peso

perda de memória

perda total

perda irreparável

perda de sangue

perda de dados

perdas e danos

grande perda

perda de apetite

常用短语

Sinto muito pela sua perda.

Isso é uma perda de tempo.

Houve perda total do veículo.

Ele sofre de perda de memória.

A perda de peso foi rápida.

Tivemos muitas perdas materiais.

É uma perda irreparável.

Houve perda de conexão.

Evite a perda de foco.

Ação de perdas e danos.

容易混淆的词

perda vs perca (verb form of perder)

perda vs dano (damage)

perda vs prejuízo (financial loss)

习语与表达

"dar perda total"

"chorar a perda"

"sem perda de tempo"

"com perda de"

"a fundo perdido"

"lucros e perdas"

"perda de fôlego"

"perda de sentidos"

"perda de chão"

"perda de rumo"

容易混淆

perda vs

句型

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如何使用

plural usage

The plural 'perdas' is very common in business, news, and legal contexts to quantify multiple instances of loss or damage.

perda vs perca

This is the most critical usage note. 'Perda' is the noun (loss). 'Perca' is the verb (lose). 'A perda de tempo' is correct. 'A perca de tempo' is incorrect.

常见错误

Using 'perca' instead of 'perda' (e.g., saying 'perca de tempo').
Failing to use feminine adjectives (e.g., saying 'perda significativo' instead of 'perda significativa').
Using 'perda' instead of 'derrota' when talking about losing a sports match.
Forgetting the preposition 'de' (e.g., saying 'perda peso' instead of 'perda de peso').
Using 'perda' when 'prejuízo' (financial loss) would be more precise in a business context.

小贴士

Never say 'Perca de tempo'

This is the number one mistake learners and even some native speakers make. 'Perca' is a verb. 'Perda' is the noun. Always say 'perda de tempo' for 'waste of time'.

Memorize 'Perda de [Noun]'

The structure 'perda de' is incredibly productive. Memorize chunks like 'perda de peso' (weight loss), 'perda de memória' (memory loss), and 'perda de dados' (data loss).

Condolences

If someone is grieving, 'Sinto muito pela sua perda' is the safest, most respectful phrase you can use. It shows empathy and cultural awareness.

Open 'E' Sound

Pronounce the first syllable 'per' with an open 'E' sound, similar to the English word 'pet'. It is PÉH-rdah, not PAY-rdah.

Lucros e Perdas

If you work in business or accounting, the phrase 'lucros e perdas' is essential. It is the direct equivalent of 'profit and loss' (P&L).

Perdas e Danos

In legal contexts, 'perdas e danos' is the standard term for seeking damages in court. It is a fixed phrase that shouldn't be altered.

Perda vs. Prejuízo

Use 'perda' for general loss (objects, time, life). Use 'prejuízo' specifically when talking about financial loss or detriment to a business.

Derrota is better for sports

While you can say 'a perda do jogo', native speakers almost always use 'a derrota' (the defeat) when talking about losing a sports match.

Perda Total

If a car is completely destroyed in an accident, the term is 'perda total'. It's a very common phrase in daily life when discussing accidents.

Feminine Agreement

Always treat 'perda' as feminine. It's 'uma grande perda', 'a perda', 'muita perda'. Never use masculine articles or adjectives with it.

记住它

记忆技巧

Imagine a PEAR (per) that falls in the DIRT (da) and rots. It is a LOSS (perda) of good fruit.

词源

From Vulgar Latin *perdita, feminine past participle of perdere (to lose).

文化背景

The word 'perda' is the most polite and standard term to use when someone has died.

Due to historically complex bureaucracies in Brazil and Portugal, 'perda de tempo' is a cultural staple phrase.

在生活中练习

真实语境

对话开场白

"Você acha que as redes sociais são uma perda de tempo?"

"Qual foi a maior perda financeira que você já teve?"

"Como você lida com a perda de motivação no trabalho?"

"Você conhece algum método eficaz para a perda de peso?"

"O que você considera uma perda irreparável na vida?"

日记主题

Escreva sobre uma situação que você considerou uma grande perda de tempo.

Descreva como você lidou com uma perda importante na sua vida.

Quais são as consequências da perda de biodiversidade no mundo atual?

Como a perda de um emprego pode afetar a saúde mental de uma pessoa?

Reflita sobre a diferença entre uma perda material e uma perda emocional.

常见问题

10 个问题

This is the most common question. 'Perda' is a noun meaning 'loss'. 'Perca' is a verb, specifically the subjunctive or imperative form of 'perder' (to lose). You use 'perda' when you are talking about the thing itself, like 'a perda de tempo' (the waste of time). You use 'perca' when someone is doing the action, like 'Não perca o ônibus' (Don't lose the bus). Never say 'uma perca de tempo'.

The word 'perda' is a feminine noun. This means it must be preceded by feminine articles like 'a' (the) or 'uma' (a/an). Any adjectives that describe the loss must also be feminine. For example, you must say 'uma grande perda' (a great loss) or 'perda total' (total loss). It is incorrect to say 'um perda' or 'muito perda'.

The most natural and common way to say 'waste of time' in Portuguese is 'perda de tempo'. It literally translates to 'loss of time'. You can use it in sentences like 'Isso é uma perda de tempo' (This is a waste of time). It is a very frequent expression in both casual and formal contexts.

Yes, you can say 'a perda do jogo' (the loss of the game). However, in the context of sports and competitions, the word 'derrota' (defeat) is much more common and sounds more natural. 'Perda' is better suited for losing objects, concepts (like time or memory), or in contexts of bereavement.

'Perda total' translates to 'total loss'. It is a term primarily used in the insurance and automotive industries. When a car is in a severe accident and the cost to repair it is higher than the value of the car itself, the insurance company declares it a 'perda total'. It can also be used metaphorically for complete disasters.

When someone passes away, the standard and most respectful way to offer condolences is to say 'Sinto muito pela sua perda'. This translates exactly to 'I am very sorry for your loss'. It is polite, empathetic, and culturally appropriate in all Portuguese-speaking regions.

The noun 'perda' is almost always followed by the preposition 'de' when you want to specify what was lost. For example, 'perda de peso' (weight loss), 'perda de memória' (memory loss), or 'perda de dinheiro' (loss of money). The structure 'perda de [noun]' is a fixed pattern you should memorize.

The plural of 'perda' is 'perdas'. It is formed simply by adding an 's' to the end. The plural form is very common in business, economics, and news reporting. For example, you will often hear about 'perdas financeiras' (financial losses) or 'perdas materiais' (material losses) after a disaster.

'Perdas e danos' is a fixed legal phrase that translates to 'damages' or 'losses and damages' in English. It is used in civil law to refer to the compensation a person or company seeks when they have been harmed or suffered a financial loss due to someone else's actions. You will hear this frequently in legal contexts.

Absolutely. 'Perda de peso' is the exact and most common translation for 'weight loss'. You will see this phrase everywhere in health magazines, gyms, and medical clinics. For example, 'O programa foca na perda de peso' means 'The program focuses on weight loss'.

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