Swedish 语法中心

更快地理解 Swedish 语法

按级别和类别浏览语法系统，然后通过实际示例打开清晰的解释。

291 总规则
81 章节
7 CEFR 级别
从这里开始 开放词汇 开放式习语和短语
更快地理解 Swedish 语法

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从这里开始
有源滤波器： CEFR 级别: A2
A2 Verb Tenses 已验证

Preterite Tense (Preteritum)

Use the Preterite for things that happened and finished in the past.

  • • Weak verbs ending in voiced consonants take -de: '...
  • • Weak verbs ending in unvoiced consonants take -te:...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Weak Verbs in Past

Add -de or -te to the verb stem to describe actions that happened in the past.

  • • Verbs ending in voiced sounds (like -a) add -de: '...
  • • Verbs ending in unvoiced sounds (like -k, -p, -t)...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Strong Verbs in Past

Strong verbs change their middle vowel instead of adding an ending to show the past.

  • • Strong verbs do not add endings like -de or -te; t...
  • • The past tense form is often found in the second c...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Tenses 已验证

Past Tense Usage

Use Preteritum for actions that finished in the past; just watch out for those tricky irregular strong verbs!

  • • Group 1: Add -ade to the stem (e.g., prata -> prat...
  • • Group 2: Add -de or -te to the stem (e.g., köpa ->...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Tenses 已验证

Present Perfect (Perfekt)

Use 'har' plus the supine verb form to talk about things you have done.

  • • Use 'har' + supine form of the verb: 'Jag har ätit...
  • • The supine form often ends in -t: 'köpt', 'gjort',...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Forms

Past Participles

Use 'har' + the supinum form to say you have done something.

  • • Group 1 verbs add -t: tala -> talat
  • • Group 2 verbs add -t: köpa -> köpt
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Tense & Aspect 已验证

Perfekt vs Preteritum

If you mention 'when', use Preteritum; if you don't, use Perfekt.

  • • Use Preteritum (e.g., 'köpte') for events finished...
  • • Use Perfekt (e.g., 'har köpt') for events with no...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Basic Verbs 已验证

Auxiliary Verbs in Perfect

Think of it as 'Have' + 'Done' to describe actions completed in the past.

  • • Use 'har' for present perfect: Jag har ätit (I hav...
  • • Use 'hade' for past perfect: Jag hade ätit (I had...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Verb Group I

If a verb ends in -a, it's likely a Group I verb; just add -ar for the present!

  • • Add -ar to the root for present tense: 'tala' beco...
  • • Add -ade for past tense: 'tala' becomes 'talade'.
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Verb Group II

Group II verbs are predictable weak verbs that add -er in the present and -te/-de in the past.

  • • Present tense: Add -er to the stem (e.g., läsa ->...
  • • Past tense: Add -te or -de to the stem (e.g., läsa...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Verb Group III

If the verb ends in a stressed vowel, just add -r for present and -dde for past.

  • • Infinitive ends in a stressed vowel: 'bo' (to live...
  • • Present tense adds -r: 'bor' (lives).
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Conjugation 已验证

Verb Group IV

Forget endings—look inside the verb for a vowel shift and end with -it for the past participle.

  • • No -de or -te endings in the past tense (e.g., `sk...
  • • The root vowel changes in a pattern (e.g., i → a →...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Tenses

Future with 'Ska'

Just say 'ska' plus the base form of your verb to talk about the future!

  • • Use 'ska' + infinitive verb: Jag ska äta (I will e...
  • • The verb 'ska' never changes form regardless of th...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Verb Tenses 已验证

Future with 'Kommer att'

Just say 'kommer att' plus the base verb to talk about what's going to happen next.

  • • Use 'kommer att' + infinitive for future actions:...
  • • The verb 'kommer' stays the same regardless of the...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Expressions & Patterns 已验证

Future Intentions

Just put 'ska' before your action verb to talk about what you are going to do.

  • • Use 'ska' followed by the base form of the verb: '...
  • • The verb 'ska' does not change form regardless of...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Expressions & Patterns 已验证

Future Predictions

Use 'ska' for your plans and 'kommer att' for things you predict will happen.

  • • Use 'ska' + infinitive for planned actions: Jag sk...
  • • Use 'kommer att' + infinitive for predictions: Det...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Object Pronouns

If you are the receiver of the action, use the object form (mig, dig, honom, henne, oss, er, dem).

  • • Use subject pronouns (jag, du) for the doer: 'Jag...
  • • Use object pronouns (mig, dig) for the receiver: '...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Direct Object

Replace the noun with a pronoun to avoid repeating words, just like in English!

  • • Use 'mig' for 'me' and 'dig' for 'you' (singular)....
  • • Use 'honom' for 'him' and 'henne' for 'her'. Examp...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Indirect Object

Use the object form of the pronoun (mig, dig, honom, henne, oss, er, dem) to show who receives the action.

  • • The indirect object usually follows the verb direc...
  • • If you use 'till' (to), the pronoun moves after th...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Pronoun Placement

Pronouns stay after the verb in main sentences, but hop before the verb after words like 'att' or 'om'.

  • • Main clause: Verb comes second, pronoun follows th...
  • • Subordinate clause: Pronoun moves before the verb:...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Reflexive Possessive 'Sin'

If the subject owns the object, use 'sin/sitt/sina' instead of 'hans/hennes'.

  • • Use 'sin/sitt/sina' if the owner is the subject: '...
  • • Use 'hans/hennes/deras' if the owner is NOT the su...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Sin vs Hans/Hennes

If the subject owns the object, use 'sin'. If someone else owns it, use 'hans' or 'hennes'.

  • • Use 'sin' when the owner is the subject: 'Han tvät...
  • • Use 'hans/hennes' when the owner is NOT the subjec...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Using Sin/Sitt/Sina

If the owner is the subject of the sentence, use sin/sitt/sina instead of hans/hennes/deras.

  • • Use 'sin' for common gender nouns (en-words) when...
  • • Use 'sitt' for neuter gender nouns (ett-words) whe...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Pronouns 已验证

Reflexive Possessive Rules

If the subject owns the object, use sin/sitt/sina; otherwise, use his/her/their.

  • • Use 'sin' (en-word), 'sitt' (ett-word), or 'sina'...
  • • If the owner is NOT the subject, use 'hans' (his),...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons

Comparative Adjectives

Use -are for 'more' and -ast for 'most' to compare anything in Swedish.

  • • Add -are to most adjectives: snabb -> snabbare (fa...
  • • Add -ast to most adjectives: snabb -> snabbast (fa...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons 已验证

Superlative Adjectives

Add '-ast' to your adjective to say something is the most, like 'bäst' for best!

  • • Add '-ast' to most adjectives: 'snabb' (fast) -> '...
  • • If the adjective ends in '-d', add '-ast': 'glad'...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons 已验证

Comparison with 'Än'

Just add -are to your adjective and use 'än' to say 'than'.

  • • Add -are to the adjective: 'stor' becomes 'större'...
  • • Place 'än' after the comparative adjective: 'störr...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons 已验证

Irregular Comparisons

Memorize the 'big three' irregulars: bra, dålig, and liten, because they break the standard -are/-ast pattern.

  • • Good (bra) becomes better (bättre) and best (bäst)...
  • • Bad (dålig) becomes worse (sämre) and worst (sämst...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons 已验证

Comparative Structures

Swedish comparisons usually use suffixes like English, but watch out for irregular vowel changes!

  • • Add `-are` for comparative: `varm` (warm) becomes...
  • • Add `-ast` for superlative: `varm` becomes `varmas...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则
A2 Comparisons 已验证

Superlative Structures

Use 'den/det/de' + adjective + '-ast' to describe the extreme of a group.

  • • Add -ast to the base adjective: 'snabb' becomes 's...
  • • Always use the definite article 'den', 'det', or '...
12 例句 8 练习 8 FAQ
阅读规则

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