A2 Advanced Verbs 15 min read 简单

用 'Dena' (给) 请求帮助

给动词词根加上 'dena'，表示你正在为别人做某事，或者完成一项向外的任务。就像给动作加上了“为他人”的标签！
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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

Add 'dena' (to give) after the root of a verb to show you are doing an action for someone else.

  • Use the verb root + dena: 'karna' (to do) becomes 'kar dena' (to do for someone).
  • Conjugate only the 'dena' part: 'maine kaam kar diya' (I did the work).
  • Use this for favors or actions directed toward others: 'kripya darwaza khol dijiye' (Please open the door).
Verb Root + Dena (Conjugated)

Overview

概述
有没有试过旅行后给朋友发短信说“把照片发过来”？如果你只用基本的动词 *bhejna*（发送），听起来有点像机器人。就像 GPS 的指令。为了听起来像一个真心想求助的人类，你需要这个神奇的助动词：*dena*（给）。在印地语中，我们结合动词来增加韵味。当你把 *dena* 加到另一个动词上时，它表示这个动作是为别人做的，或者是从主语向外发出的。它把“发送”变成了“（为我/我们）发送”。这就是“做工作”和“（请为我）做工作”的区别。我们经常使用它——点餐、求助或完成任务。让我们修复你的机器人印地语吧。
语法原理
这被称为复合动词。别被名字吓跑。这只是个“买一送一”的交易。你有一个主动词（动作）和一个助动词（氛围）。在这里，*dena* 是助手。它失去了“给”的字面意思，而是增加了“造福他人”的细微差别。把它想象成在你的句子里加了一个隐藏的“为你”标签。如果你为室友做饭，你会用 *bana dena*（做-给）。如果你为一群人买单，你会用 *bhar dena*（填/付-给）。它暗示了慷慨或完成一个影响他人的动作。这是终极的“好人缘”语法。
构成模式
公式比泡面还简单。
  1. 1取你的主动词（例如 *karna* - 做）。
  2. 2去掉 *na* 得到词根（例如 *kar*）。
  3. 3加上根据需要变位的 *dena*。
只有 *dena* 改变形式（时态、性、数）。词根在时间中冻结。
*例子：*
  • 祈使句（请求）： *kaam kar do*（[为我]做这项工作。）
  • 将来时： *main paise de doonga*（我会把钱给[他们]。）
  • 过去时： *usne photo bhej di*（他/她把照片发[出去]了。）
关于性的注意： 在及物动词（通常是这些）的过去时中，动词与宾语一致，而不是主语！如果你发了一张 *照片*（阴性），那就是 *bhej di*。如果你发了一条 *信息*（阳性），那就是 *bhej diya*。
何时使用
当动作从做动作的人流向外部或帮助别人时使用此模式。
  • 求助： “（为我）打扫房间。” -> *Kamra saaf kar do.*
  • 完成任务： “我完成了工作（并提交了）。” -> *Maine kaam khatam kar diya.*
  • 突然/完成的动作： “他把手机弄坏了！” -> *Usne phone tod diya.*
  • 数字生活： 发邮件、发动态。*Meme forward kar do.*
如果你是为自己做某事（如吃、喝或睡），不要使用它。除非你是一只喂小鸟的鸟，否则你不会说 *kha dena*（吃-给）。那样很奇怪。
常见错误
  • “双重变位”灾难： 初学者经常变位两个动词。*Main karunga doonga.* 不！冻结第一个动词。只用词根。*Main kar doonga.*
  • 为自己使用： 当你为自己买新手机时说 *main naya phone khareed doonga*。这听起来像你买它是为了送人。为自己的利益请使用 *lena*（拿）。
  • 及物动词混淆： *Dena* 通常用于及物动词（带宾语的动词）。你通常不能说“睡-给”(*so dena*)。
  • 忽略宾语一致性： 在过去时（*ne* 结构）中，说 *maine chai bana diya* 暗示 *chai* 是阳性的。但 *chai* 是阴性的！应该是 *bana di*。
与类似模式的对比
*dena* 的死敌是 lena（拿）。
  • 词根 + Dena： 为他人做 / 向外的动作。
  • *Padh dena* = 朗读（给别人听）。
  • 词根 + Lena： 为自己做 / 向内的动作。
  • *Padh lena* = 默读（为了自己学习）。
把它想成钱。*Dena* 从你的钱包流出（你为别人付钱）。*Lena* 把钱放进你的钱包（你留着）。
快速问答
问：我可以对每个动词都用这个吗？
答：主要是及物动词（对物体做的动作）。像“去”(*jana*)这样的运动动词通常不用。
问：*bhej do* 粗鲁吗？
答：语气对就不粗鲁！*Do* 是非正式的 (Tum)。对长辈/老板，用 *deejiye* (*Bhej deejiye*)。
问：如果我只说 *photo bhejo* 呢？
答：语法上没问题，但很干巴。像交易。*Bhej do* 听起来像朋友间的请求。
问：我怎么用这个说“我忘了”？
答：你用另一个助动词 (*jana*)，而不是 *dena*。*Dena* 暗示意图。“忘记”是意外。

Conjugation of 'Dena' (to give)

Tense Subject Verb Root Dena Form
Present
Main
kar
deta hoon
Present
Tum
kar
dete ho
Present
Aap
kar
dete hain
Past
Maine
kar
diya
Future
Main
kar
doonga
Imperative
Aap
kar
dijiye

Meanings

The verb 'dena' acts as a vector verb, indicating that the action is performed for the benefit of another person.

1

Benefactive Action

Performing an action for someone else's benefit.

“Maine uske liye khana bana diya.”

“Kya tum mujhe pani pila doge?”

Reference Table

Reference table for 用 'Dena' (给) 请求帮助
主语 宾语 (性别) 词根 + dena (过去时) 意思
Maine (我)
Kaam (M)
Kar diya
我做了这工作 (完成了)
Tumne (你)
Chai (F)
Bana di
你做了茶 (为别人做的)
Usne (他/她)
Paise (M.Pl)
De diye
他/她给了钱
Humne (我们)
Photo (F)
Bhej di
我们发了照片
Unhone (他们)
Ghar (M)
Bech diya
他们卖了房子
Aapne (您)
Madad (F)
Kar di
您帮忙了 (做了帮助)

正式程度

正式
Kripya mujhe bata dijiye.

Kripya mujhe bata dijiye. (Asking for info)

中性
Mujhe bata do.

Mujhe bata do. (Asking for info)

非正式
Bata de.

Bata de. (Asking for info)

俚语
Bata na!

Bata na! (Asking for info)

利益的流向

动作

向内 (为自己)

  • Lena 拿 / 为我

向外 (为他人)

  • Dena 给 / 为你

在 Dena 和 Lena 之间选择

1

谁从这个动作中受益？

YES
使用 'Lena' (bana lo)
NO
进入下一步
2

是为别人做的吗？

YES
使用 'Dena' (bana do)
NO ↓

Dena vs. Lena 示例

词根 + Dena (向外)
Padh dena 朗读
Bech dena 卖掉 (给出)
词根 + Lena (向内)
Padh lena 默读
Khareed lena 买下 (自己留着)

常用的 'Dena' 动词

🤝

帮忙

  • • Kar dena (做)
  • • Laa dena (拿来)
📱

沟通

  • • Bhej dena (发送)
  • • Bata dena (告知)
🗑️

处理/处置

  • • Phenk dena (扔掉)
  • • Bech dena (卖掉)
免费注册阅读完整解释

按水平分级的例句

1

Mujhe pani de do.

Give me water.

2

Ye kaam kar do.

Do this work.

3

Chitti likh do.

Write the letter.

4

Khana kha lo.

Eat the food.

1

Kya aap mujhe bata denge?

Will you tell me?

2

Maine use paise de diye.

I gave him money.

3

Usne meri madad kar di.

He helped me.

4

Kripya darwaza khol dijiye.

Please open the door.

1

Main aapke liye ye file taiyaar kar deta hoon.

I will prepare this file for you.

2

Kya aapne mera kaam kar diya?

Have you done my work?

3

Usne mujhe rasta dikha diya.

He showed me the way.

4

Main aapko sab samjha deta hoon.

I will explain everything to you.

1

Agar aap chahein, toh main ye project khatam kar deta hoon.

If you want, I will finish this project.

2

Usne bina kahe mera kaam kar diya.

He did my work without being asked.

3

Kya aapne meri baat maan li?

Did you listen to me?

4

Main aapke liye ye sab manage kar dunga.

I will manage all this for you.

1

Usne bade pyar se mujhe sab samjha diya.

He explained everything to me with great love.

2

Aap chinta mat kijiye, main sab sambhal leta hoon.

Don't worry, I will handle everything.

3

Maine use sahi raasta dikha diya tha.

I had shown him the right path.

4

Kya aapne meri darkhwast par gaur kar diya?

Have you considered my request?

1

Usne apni saari sampatti daan kar di.

He donated all his wealth.

2

Maine use apni galti ka ehsaas dila diya.

I made him realize his mistake.

3

Unhone mujhe is mushkil se nikaal diya.

They pulled me out of this difficulty.

4

Main aapke liye ye sab kar dene ka vachan deta hoon.

I promise to do all this for you.

容易混淆

Asking Favors with 'Dena' (Give) 对比 Dena vs Lena

Dena is for others, Lena is for yourself.

Asking Favors with 'Dena' (Give) 对比 Simple Verb vs Compound Verb

Simple verbs are facts, compound verbs are favors.

Asking Favors with 'Dena' (Give) 对比 Ne rule

Forgetting 'ne' in past tense.

常见错误

✗

Main karna deta hoon

✓

Main kar deta hoon

Don't use the full infinitive.
✗

Main kar diya

✓

Maine kar diya

Forgot the 'ne' marker.
✗

Main kar deta

✓

Main kar deta hoon

Missing the auxiliary verb.
✗

Tum kar do

✓

Tum kar dete ho

Wrong conjugation.
✗

Kya tum kar diya?

✓

Kya tumne kar diya?

Missing 'ne' in question.
✗

Main kar dungi

✓

Main kar dunga

Gender mismatch.
✗

Usne kar deta

✓

Usne kar diya

Wrong tense.
✗

Maine uske liye kar diya hoon

✓

Maine uske liye kar diya

Redundant auxiliary.
✗

Woh kar dene wala hai

✓

Woh kar dene wala hai

Actually correct, but often used incorrectly in context.
✗

Main kar dene chahta hoon

✓

Main kar dena chahta hoon

Wrong word order.
✗

Maine sab kar dene ka koshish ki

✓

Maine sab kar dene ki koshish ki

Gender agreement error.
✗

Usne mujhe bol diya

✓

Usne mujhe bata diya

Wrong verb choice.
✗

Main kar diya hota

✓

Main kar deta

Wrong conditional.

句型

Main aapke liye ___ kar deta hoon.

Kya aap ___ dijiye?

Maine ___ kar diya.

Woh mere liye ___ dega.

Real World Usage

Texting constant

Bata dena!

Job Interview common

Main ye project handle kar leta hoon.

Ordering Food common

Mujhe pani pila dijiye.

Travel common

Rasta dikha dijiye.

Social Media occasional

Share kar dena!

Food Delivery Apps common

Order deliver kar dijiye.

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💡

“请”的快捷方式

在命令后面加上 'do' (比如 'Bhej do')，会让语气听起来更像请求，比说一长串礼貌用语还自然。
⚠️

别“给”睡眠

表示状态变化的动词（睡觉、走路、哭）通常不用 'dena'。你不能说 'so dena' (睡觉-给)，得说 'so jana' (睡觉-去)。
💬

用 'Na' 软化语气

印度人很喜欢在请求后面加 'na'。比如 'Kar do na' (帮我做一下嘛)。这样听起来非常友好，带点撒娇的意味。
🎯

“完成”的感觉

有时候 'dena' 只是表示“彻底完成了”。比如 'Maine kha liya' (我吃完了)。等等，这是 'lena'！因为吃饭是为你自己。看出来了吗？

Smart Tips

Always use 'dijiye' to be extra polite.

Batao. → Bata dijiye.

Remember 'ne' + root + diya.

Main kar diya. → Maine kar diya.

Use 'Main ___ deta hoon'.

Main karunga. → Main kar deta hoon.

Use 'Kya aapne ___ kar diya?'

Kya aapne kiya? → Kya aapne kar diya?

发音

deh-na

Dena

The 'd' is soft, dental. The 'e' is like 'ay' in 'say'.

Request

Bata dijiye? ↑

Rising intonation for polite requests.

记住它

记忆技巧

Think of 'Dena' as a 'Gift'—you are giving the action as a gift to someone else.

视觉联想

Imagine handing a heavy box (the action) to a friend. You are 'giving' (dena) the effort to them.

Rhyme

When you want to show you care, add 'dena' to the air.

Story

Rohan was tired. Priya said, 'I will write the report for you.' She used 'likh dena'. Rohan felt happy because she gave him the gift of time.

Word Web

DenaKar denaLikh denaBata denaMadad karnaDijiye

挑战

For the next 5 minutes, try to turn every request you make into a 'dena' sentence.

文化笔记

Using 'dena' is seen as a sign of being helpful and polite.

In offices, 'dena' is used to show you are taking ownership of a task.

Often shortened in text messages.

Derived from the Sanskrit 'dā' (to give).

对话开场白

“

Kya aap meri madad kar sakte hain?

“

Kya aap mujhe rasta bata denge?

“

Kya aapne mera kaam kar diya?

“

Main aapke liye kya kar sakta hoon?

日记主题

Write about a time someone helped you.
Describe how you help your family.
Write a formal request for a favor.
Reflect on the importance of helping others.

常见错误

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

Incorrect

正确

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Test Yourself

礼貌地完成请求。

请发送照片。 = Kripya photo ___ (bhej) ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bhej do
我们使用 'bhej do' (词根 + dena)，因为你要求别人执行一个将照片传给你的动作。
哪个句子表示‘我（大声地为大伙）读了这封信’？ 多项选择

选择正确的语境：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine chitthi padh di.
'Padh di' (来自 dena) 表示为他人朗读。'Padh li' (来自 lena) 表示为自己默读。
修正“我为客人做了茶”的语法错误。 Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Maine chai bana liya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine chai bana di.
‘Chai’ 是阴性，所以 'dena' 的过去时态应该是 'di'，而不是 'diya'。而且，我们用 'dena' 是因为是为客人做的。

Score: /3

练习题

8 exercises
Fill in the blank with the correct form of 'dena'.

Main aapke liye kaam ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kar deta hoon
Present tense benefactive.
Choose the correct sentence. 多项选择

Which sentence is correct?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine kaam kar diya.
Correct use of 'ne' and compound verb.
Correct the mistake. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Main chitti likhna diya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Maine chitti likh diya.
Need 'ne' and root.
Reorder the words. Sentence Reorder

liye / mere / kar / do / ye / kaam

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: All of the above.
Hindi word order is flexible.
Translate to Hindi. 翻译

Please tell me.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mujhe bata dijiye.
Polite request.
Conjugate 'dena' for 'Aap' in past tense. Conjugation Drill

Aapne kaam ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kar diya
Past tense for 'aap' is 'kar diya'.
Match the verb to its benefactive form. Match Pairs

Likhna -> ?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Likh dena
Root + Dena.
Is this rule correct? True False Rule

You conjugate both verbs in a compound verb.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: False
Only the vector verb is conjugated.

Score: /8

Practice Bank

12 exercises
请哥哥帮忙把车打扫干净。 填空

Bhai, car saaf ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kar do
我付了账单（完成了这个动作）。 填空

Maine bill ___ diya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: bhar
哪个表示为“你自己”做事？ 多项选择

选择表示为自己做的形式：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Rakh lena
修正性别搭配错误。 Error Correction

Usne kitab (f) phenk diya.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Usne kitab phenk di.
翻译：‘他卖了这房子。’ 翻译

He house sell-gave.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Usne ghar bech diya.
匹配动词及其含义。 Match Pairs

配对：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Sun lena","Sunai dena","Bata dena"]
你想让某人离开你。你会怎么说？ 多项选择

请离开我。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Mujhe chhod do.
正式请求：请给水。 填空

Paani de ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: dijiye
排列：‘我 / 工作 / 完成 / 做 / 了’ Sentence Reorder

排列印地语单词。

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: ["Maine","kaam","khatam","kar","diya"]
修正：‘请做饭（为你自己）。’ Error Correction

Apne liye khana bana do.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Apne liye khana bana lo.
她打碎了杯子。 填空

Usne glass tod ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: diya
哪个是‘洗衣服（帮我洗）’的正确说法？ 多项选择

Kapde dho ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: do

Score: /12

常见问题 (8)

Most transitive verbs, yes. Intransitive verbs like 'sleep' don't work.

Because 'dena' is a transitive verb, so in the past tense, you must use the ergative 'ne'.

Yes, it is generally more polite than the simple verb.

Use 'lena' instead of 'dena'.

Yes, 'Main kar dunga' (I will do it).

Yes, but be careful with the register.

It adds a sense of completion and benefaction.

The core rule is standard, but some dialects might use different vector verbs.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

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In Other Languages

Spanish moderate

hacer por

Hindi uses it for almost every verb, Spanish is more selective.

French moderate

faire pour

Hindi's 'dena' is attached to the verb root.

German low

für jemanden tun

Hindi's structure is morphological, German's is syntactic.

Japanese high

~te ageru

Japanese uses the te-form, Hindi uses the root.

Arabic low

li-ajl

Arabic is strictly prepositional.

Chinese low

wei... zuo...

Chinese is analytic, Hindi is synthetic.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Next
印地语虚拟语气：表达“也许”和“应该” (संभाव्य)

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