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B1 verb #3,500 الأكثر شيوعاً 10 دقيقة للقراءة

غمگین کردن

ghamgin kardan الأكثر شيوعاً #3,500

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح غمگین کردن في 30 ثانية

الشرح غمگین کردن in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should focus on the basic meaning of 'ghamgin kardan' as 'to make sad.' You don't need to worry about complex tenses yet. Just remember that 'ghamgin' is the adjective for 'sad' and 'kardan' means 'to do' or 'to make.' In its simplest form, you can use it to describe how something makes you feel. For example, 'این فیلم مرا غمگین کرد' (This movie made me sad). Notice the 'ra' after 'man' (me). Even at this early stage, try to remember that the verb comes at the very end of the sentence. You can think of it like a puzzle: Person/Thing + Me + Sad + Made. It's a very useful word because it allows you to express your basic feelings to others. Don't worry if you forget the 'ra' sometimes, but try to use it when you can. You can also use 'kheyli' (very) to say 'made me very sad.' Practice with simple subjects like 'the weather,' 'the news,' or 'this song.' This level is all about building the foundation of the Subject-Object-Verb order.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

As an A2 learner, you can start using 'ghamgin kardan' in different simple tenses, specifically the past and the present. You should be comfortable saying things like 'He makes me sad' (U mara ghamgin mikonad) and 'He made me sad' (U mara ghamgin kard). At this level, you should also learn how to negate the verb by adding 'na-' to the 'kardan' part, such as 'U mara ghamgin nakard' (He didn't make me sad). You might also start to notice the difference between 'ghamgin kardan' (to make sad) and 'ghamgin shodan' (to become sad). A good exercise at this level is to describe a story or a movie and explain which parts made you feel sad. You can also start using more specific objects, like 'my friend' (dustam) or 'my mother' (madaram). Remember that when you use these specific names or people, the 'ra' marker is mandatory. For example, 'Duri az madaram mara ghamgin mikonad' (Being away from my mother makes me sad). This level is about expanding your reach with the verb and ensuring your word order is solid.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, which is the target level for this word, you should understand the nuance of 'ghamgin kardan' compared to 'narahat kardan' (to upset). You are now expected to use the verb in more complex sentence structures, including the use of the subjunctive mood. For example, 'Nemikhaham tora ghamgin bokonam' (I don't want to make you sad). You should also be able to use the present perfect tense to describe how something has affected you up to now: 'In khabar mara ghamgin karde ast' (This news has made me sad). At this level, you should be able to discuss more abstract topics, such as how social issues or historical events 'sadden' a population. You are also moving beyond just 'me' and 'you' as objects, using collective objects like 'people' (mardom) or 'society' (jame'e). You should also be familiar with how this verb appears in media and simple literature. Your ability to conjugate 'kardan' should be fluid, allowing you to focus more on the context and the emotional weight of what you are saying. This is the stage where you start sounding more like a natural speaker by choosing 'ghamgin' for deep sorrow and 'narahat' for everyday upsets.

For B2 learners, 'ghamgin kardan' should be a natural part of your vocabulary that you can use without thinking about the grammar. You should focus on the stylistic placement of the verb and how it interacts with other complex structures like relative clauses. For example, 'Kash mifahmidi ke harf-hayat cheghadr mara ghamgin mikonad' (I wish you understood how much your words make me sad). You should also be exploring synonyms like 'mahzun kardan' or 'azorde kardan' and knowing exactly when to use each to achieve a specific effect. At this level, you can use the verb in conditional sentences: 'Agar u ra ghamgin koni, man az dastat narahat mishavam' (If you make her sad, I will be upset with you). You should also be able to recognize the word in more sophisticated contexts, such as political commentary or classical music analysis. Your understanding of 'gham' as a cultural concept in Iran should be deepening, allowing you to use the verb to describe the 'poetic sadness' often found in Persian culture. You are expected to have perfect control over the 'ra' marker and the distinction between transitive and intransitive forms.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, you are looking at the rhetorical and literary uses of 'ghamgin kardan.' You might encounter it in high-level academic texts or classical poetry where the structure might be slightly altered for meter or emphasis. You should be able to discuss the philosophical implications of 'making someone sad' in the context of Iranian ethics and literature. You can use the verb to analyze the emotional arc of a novel or a film with great detail. At this stage, you should also be comfortable with the nominalized form 'ghamgin kardan-e...' (the saddening of...). For example, 'Ghamgin kardan-e digaran kar-e dorosti nist' (Saddening others is not the right thing to do). You should also be able to use the verb in the passive voice (though less common) or in causative structures that are more complex. Your vocabulary should be rich enough that you use 'ghamgin kardan' as a precise choice among many other emotional verbs. You understand the historical weight of 'gham' in the Persian language and can use this verb to evoke specific cultural sentiments in your writing or formal speaking.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, you have mastered 'ghamgin kardan' and all its nuances. You can use it in a way that is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You might use it in creative writing to evoke a specific mood, or in a scholarly critique of a piece of Persian art. You are aware of the most subtle differences between this verb and its many synonyms, including archaic and rare ones. You can play with the language, perhaps using the verb in a way that subverts expectations or highlights a specific irony. You understand the etymological roots of 'gham' and 'gin' and how they have evolved over centuries. In your speech, you can use the verb with perfect intonation and stress to convey varying degrees of empathy, regret, or observation. You are also capable of translating complex English concepts of 'saddening' or 'depressing' into the most appropriate Persian equivalent, whether that is 'ghamgin kardan' or something more specialized. For you, the word is no longer a vocabulary item to be learned, but a tool to be wielded with precision and artistry in the vast landscape of the Persian language.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

غمگین کردن في 30 ثانية

A common compound verb meaning 'to make sad'.
Formed from 'ghamgin' (sad) and 'kardan' (to do/make).
Requires the 'ra' marker for specific objects being saddened.
Used in both daily conversation and formal literature.

The Persian verb غمگین کردن (ghamgin kardan) is a compound verb that translates literally to 'to make sad' or 'to sadden.' In Persian grammar, compound verbs are the backbone of the language's action words, typically consisting of a noun or adjective paired with a light verb like 'kardan' (to do/make). This specific verb is used when an external force, person, or event causes a change in someone's emotional state, moving them toward sorrow or unhappiness. It is a versatile term, found in everything from daily conversations about a bad day to the most profound works of classical Persian literature. Unlike simpler terms for being upset, 'ghamgin kardan' carries a weight of genuine sorrow, often implying a deeper emotional impact than just a fleeting annoyance.

Grammatical Structure: The word is composed of 'gham' (sorrow/grief), the suffix '-gin' (which transforms the noun into an adjective meaning 'full of' or 'characterized by'), and the auxiliary verb 'kardan' (to make).
Emotional Depth: In Iranian culture, 'gham' is not always perceived as a purely negative state; in poetry, it often represents a noble longing or a spiritual depth. However, 'ghamgin kardan' usually refers to the act of causing pain or distress to another.

رفتار او مادرش را خیلی غمگین کرد. (His behavior made his mother very sad.)

When using this verb, the person being saddened is the direct object and must be followed by the post-positional marker 'ra' (را) if they are specific. For example, 'I saddened my friend' would be 'Man dustam-ra ghamgin kardam.' The flexibility of this verb allows it to be used in various tenses, though it most frequently appears in the past tense when recounting events or the present continuous when describing an ongoing situation that is bringing someone down. It is essential for B1 learners to distinguish this from the intransitive form 'ghamgin shodan' (to become sad), where the subject is the one feeling the emotion without an external agent explicitly 'making' them feel that way.

خبرهای جنگ همه را غمگین می‌کند. (The news of war makes everyone sad.)

In a social context, Iranians might use this verb to express empathy or to describe the impact of a tragic movie or book. It is less common in slang, where more colloquial terms like 'gerefte kardan' might be used, but 'ghamgin kardan' remains the standard, respectful, and most widely understood way to describe the causative act of bringing sorrow. Understanding the nuances of this word involves recognizing that 'gham' is a core pillar of the Persian psyche, often linked to the historical and literary traditions of the region.

این موسیقی مرا غمگین می‌کند. (This music makes me sad.)

Usage in Media: Journalists often use this verb to describe the public's reaction to national tragedies or the passing of a beloved figure.

او سعی کرد مرا غمگین نکند. (He tried not to make me sad.)

جدایی از دوستان ما را غمگین کرد. (Separation from friends made us sad.)

Using غمگین کردن correctly requires an understanding of Persian's transitive verb structure. Because this is a compound verb, only the 'kardan' part changes to match the tense and the subject. The adjective 'ghamgin' remains static. This makes it relatively easy to conjugate once you master the auxiliary 'kardan'. However, the placement of the object and the use of the object marker 'ra' are where most learners struggle. In Persian, the word order is typically Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). If the object is a specific person or thing (like 'my mother' or 'that movie'), you must place 'ra' after it.

Past Tense Pattern: [Subject] + [Object] + را + غمگین کرد. Example: علی سارا را غمگین کرد. (Ali made Sara sad.)
Present Tense Pattern: [Subject] + [Object] + را + غمگین می‌کند. Example: این فیلم همه را غمگین می‌کند. (This movie makes everyone sad.)

دوری از وطن او را غمگین کرده است. (Distance from the homeland has made him sad.)

When using pronouns as objects, you can either use the independent pronoun (man, to, u, etc.) followed by 'ra', or attach a pronominal suffix to the 'ghamgin' part, though the former is much more common for this specific verb. For instance, 'It made me sad' is usually 'Mara ghamgin kard' or 'Man ra ghamgin kard.' In formal writing, the 'ra' might sometimes be omitted if the object is very general, but for B1 learners, sticking to the 'ra' is the safest path to accuracy. You can also add adverbs of degree like 'kheyli' (very) or 'kami' (a little) right before 'ghamgin' to specify the intensity of the sadness.

حرف‌های تو نباید او را غمگین کند. (Your words should not make him sad.)

Another important aspect is the use of 'ghamgin kardan' in the subjunctive mood. When expressing desires, doubts, or possibilities (e.g., 'I don't want to make you sad'), the 'kardan' changes to 'bokonam', 'bokoni', etc. Example: 'Nemikhaham tora ghamgin bokonam.' This is a higher-level structure but essential for natural-sounding Persian. In terms of frequency, the past tense 'kard' and the present 'mikonad' cover about 80% of real-world usage. Whether you are discussing the climate crisis or a personal breakup, the syntax remains remarkably consistent, providing a stable foundation for your emotional expression in Persian.

آیا این خبر شما را غمگین کرد؟ (Did this news make you sad?)

Negation: To negate, add 'na' to 'kardan'. Example: او مرا غمگین نکرد. (He didn't make me sad.)

You will encounter غمگین کردن in a variety of settings, ranging from the domestic to the artistic. In Iranian households, it might come up during heart-to-heart conversations between parents and children or between spouses. If a child does something wrong, a parent might say, 'Ba in karet mara ghamgin kardi' (You made me sad with this action of yours). It is a way of expressing hurt that is softer than anger but deeper than mere annoyance. In the world of Iranian cinema—which is world-renowned for its emotional depth and realism—this verb is a staple. Characters often discuss what 'saddens' them about their society, their families, or their unfulfilled dreams.

تماشای فقر در خیابان مردم را غمگین می‌کند. (Watching poverty in the street makes people sad.)

Music is another major domain for this word. Persian pop and traditional music (Sonati) are famous for their themes of 'Gham.' Song lyrics often revolve around how a lover's departure or indifference 'saddens' the singer. You'll hear phrases like 'Ghamginam kardi' (You made me sad) echoing through countless ballads. Beyond entertainment, the word is frequently used in news broadcasts. When reporting on natural disasters, the death of a national icon, or difficult economic news, journalists will use 'ghamgin kardan' to describe the collective mood of the nation. It provides a formal yet empathetic way to acknowledge suffering.

Literature: In classical poetry, while the exact phrase 'ghamgin kardan' might be replaced by more archaic forms, the concept is central to the works of Rumi and Hafez.
Social Media: On platforms like Instagram or Twitter (X), Iranians use this verb to react to viral videos or stories that are 'heartbreaking' or 'tear-jerking.'

داستان زندگی او همه را غمگین کرد. (His life story made everyone sad.)

In educational settings, teachers might use the word when discussing history or social issues, asking students what aspects of a particular event 'saddened' the people of that time. It's also common in psychological contexts, where a therapist might ask a patient, 'Che chizi shoma ra ghamgin mikonad?' (What thing makes you sad?). Because it is a B1 level word, it is common enough for everyday use but formal enough for professional settings. It bridges the gap between the simple 'bad' and the complex 'melancholic,' making it a vital part of any Persian learner's emotional vocabulary.

One of the most frequent errors English speakers make with غمگین کردن is confusing it with its passive/intransitive counterpart, غمگین شدن (ghamgin shodan - to become sad). In English, 'to be sad' and 'to get sad' are often used interchangeably with 'to be made sad' in certain contexts, but in Persian, the distinction between 'kardan' (doing/making) and 'shodan' (becoming) is strict. If you say 'Man ghamgin kardam,' it sounds like 'I made (something) sad' but without an object, it's a broken sentence. If you mean 'I became sad,' you must use 'Man ghamgin shodam.'

The 'Ra' Omission: As mentioned before, forgetting the 'ra' marker after a specific object is a hallmark of a beginner. 'U man ghamgin kard' is incorrect; it must be 'U ma-ra ghamgin kard.'
Preposition Confusion: Learners sometimes try to use the preposition 'ba' (with) or 'az' (from) incorrectly. You don't 'make sad from someone'; you 'sadden someone.'

❌ غلط: این فیلم من غمگین کرد.
✅ درست: این فیلم مرا غمگین کرد.

Another mistake is using 'ghamgin kardan' when 'narahat kardan' (to upset/annoy) would be more appropriate. 'Ghamgin' implies a deeper, more profound sadness. If someone just forgot to call you, they likely 'narahat' (upset) you, not 'ghamgin' (saddened) you. Using 'ghamgin' for minor inconveniences can sound overly dramatic or poetic to a native speaker. Furthermore, pay attention to the conjugation of 'kardan.' Because it's an irregular verb (present stem: 'kon', past stem: 'kard'), learners often mix up the stems. 'Mikonam' is correct; 'Mikardam' is past continuous. Mixing these up changes 'You make me sad' to 'You were making me sad.'

❌ غلط: او غمگین کرد سارا را.
✅ درست: او سارا را غمگین کرد.

Lastly, avoid overusing 'ghamgin kardan' in very formal writing where more sophisticated verbs like 'mahzun sakhtan' might be preferred. However, for 95% of situations, 'ghamgin kardan' is perfectly acceptable. Just ensure you are using the correct auxiliary verb. Some learners mistakenly use 'zadan' or 'dashtan' with 'ghamgin', which is entirely incorrect. Only 'kardan' and 'shodan' are standard pairings for this adjective.

Persian is a language rich in emotional nuance, so there are several alternatives to غمگین کردن depending on the intensity and context of the sadness. The most common alternative is ناراحت کردن (narahat kardan). While 'ghamgin' focuses on sorrow, 'narahat' is broader, covering everything from being slightly bothered to being deeply upset. If a friend is late to dinner, you are 'narahat'; if a friend moves to another country forever, you are 'ghamgin'.

ناراحت کردن (Narahat Kardan): Used for general upset, discomfort, or annoyance. It is much more common in daily, low-stakes situations.
محزون کردن (Mahzun Kardan): A more formal and literary version of 'ghamgin kardan'. You'll see this in classical literature or formal speeches.
دلشکسته کردن (Del-shekaste Kardan): Meaning 'to break someone's heart.' This is used for deep, personal emotional pain, usually in romantic or family contexts.

مرگ گربه اش او را محزون کرد. (The death of his cat made him mournful/sad.)

Another interesting alternative is دلتنگ کردن (deltang kardan), which specifically means 'to make someone miss someone/something' or 'to make someone homesick.' While 'ghamgin' is a general sadness, 'deltang' is a sadness born of longing. If you say 'Your absence saddens me,' you could use 'ghamgin kardan,' but 'deltang kardan' would be more specific and poignant. In more poetic or extreme cases, you might hear داغدار کردن (daghdar kardan), which means 'to leave someone in mourning,' usually used after a death. Choosing the right word demonstrates a high level of fluency and cultural awareness.

این خاطرات مرا دلتنگ می‌کند. (These memories make me miss [those times]/sadden me with longing.)

Finally, consider the verb آزرده کردن (azorde kardan). This means 'to offend' or 'to hurt feelings.' It is slightly more formal than 'narahat kardan' and implies that the person's spirit or feelings have been wounded. While 'ghamgin kardan' describes the emotional state (sadness), 'azorde kardan' describes the act of wounding. Understanding these distinctions allows you to paint a more accurate picture of human emotions in your Persian conversations.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The suffix '-gin' is also found in the word 'khashmgin' (angry) and 'sharmgin' (ashamed), showing a pattern of turning emotional nouns into adjectives.

دليل النطق

UK /ɣæm.ɡiːn kær.dæn/

US /ɡæm.ɡin kɑr.dæn/

The primary stress in 'ghamgin' is on the second syllable '-gin'. In the compound verb, the stress typically falls on the last syllable of the non-verbal part: gham-GIN kardan.

يتقافى مع

سنگین کردن (sangin kardan) رنگین کردن (rangin kardan) توهین کردن (tohin kardan) تمرین کردن (tamrin kardan) تزیین کردن (tazyin kardan) تحسین کردن (tahsin kardan) تعیین کردن (ta'yin kardan) تضمین کردن (tazmin kardan)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'gham' with a hard 'g' instead of the guttural 'gh' (qaf/ghayn).
Putting the stress on 'kardan' instead of 'ghamgin'.
Pronouncing 'gin' like the English drink 'gin' (it should be a hard 'g' like 'gift').
Mumbling the 'n' at the end of 'kardan'.
Over-emphasizing the 'r' in 'kardan' like an American 'r' instead of a Persian tap.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

Easy to recognize once you know 'gham' and 'kardan'.

الكتابة 4/5

Requires correct placement of 'ra' and conjugation of 'kardan'.

التحدث 4/5

The 'gh' sound and the SOV word order can be tricky for beginners.

الاستماع 3/5

Commonly used, so it's easy to pick up in context.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

غم کردن ناراحت را من/تو/او

تعلّم لاحقاً

غمگین شدن خوشحال کردن اندوهگین تأسف خوردن گریه کردن

متقدم

محزون ساختن مکدر نمودن مغوم ملول کردن دلتنگ گشتن

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Compound Verb Conjugation

In 'غمگین کردن', only 'کردن' is conjugated (میکنم، کردی، کرد).

Direct Object Marker 'ra'

Specific objects must be followed by 'را': 'سارا را غمگین کرد'.

Subjunctive Mood

Used after verbs of wanting or necessity: 'باید او را غمگین نکنی'.

Negation of Compound Verbs

The 'na-' prefix attaches to the auxiliary: 'غمگین نکرد'.

Word Order (SOV)

Subject + Object + Verb: 'من (S) تو را (O) غمگین کردم (V).'

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

این فیلم مرا غمگین کرد.

This movie made me sad.

Simple past tense of 'kardan' with 'ra' after the object 'man'.

او مرا غمگین می‌کند.

He makes me sad.

Present tense of 'kardan' is 'mikonad'.

آیا تو مرا غمگین کردی؟

Did you make me sad?

Question form in the past tense.

کتاب غمگینم کرد.

The book made me sad.

The suffix '-am' on 'ghamgin' is a short way to say 'me' (mara).

باران مرا غمگین می‌کند.

Rain makes me sad.

Present tense used for a general truth.

او سارا را غمگین کرد.

He made Sara sad.

Specific object 'Sara' requires 'ra'.

من نمی‌خواهم تو را غمگین کنم.

I don't want to make you sad.

Subjunctive 'konam' after 'nemikhaham'.

او گربه را غمگین کرد.

He made the cat sad.

Using 'ra' for a specific animal.

دیروز خبرهای بد مرا غمگین کرد.

Yesterday, the bad news made me sad.

Past tense 'kard' with an adverb of time 'diruz'.

چرا او دوستانش را غمگین کرد؟

Why did he make his friends sad?

Question word 'chera' at the beginning.

این آهنگ همیشه مرا غمگین می‌کند.

This song always makes me sad.

Use of 'hamishe' (always) with the present tense.

مادرم را غمگین نکن.

Don't make my mother sad.

Imperative negative form 'nakon'.

او هیچ‌کس را غمگین نکرد.

He didn't make anyone sad.

Negative past tense 'nakard' with 'hich-kas' (no one).

فکر کردن به گذشته مرا غمگین می‌کند.

Thinking about the past makes me sad.

Gerund phrase as the subject.

آن‌ها ما را خیلی غمگین کردند.

They made us very sad.

Plural subject 'anha' and plural verb 'kardand'.

می‌توانم تو را غمگین کنم؟

Can I make you sad? (A rhetorical or strange question)

Modal verb 'mitavanam' followed by infinitive/subjunctive.

او با رفتارش همه را غمگین کرده است.

He has made everyone sad with his behavior.

Present perfect tense 'karde ast'.

نباید اجازه دهی این مسائل تو را غمگین کند.

You shouldn't let these issues make you sad.

Complex sentence with 'nabayad' and 'ejaze dahi'.

هر بار که او را می‌بینم، مرا غمگین می‌کند.

Every time I see him, he makes me sad.

Relative clause 'har bar ke...'.

داستان فیلم طوری بود که همه را غمگین کرد.

The movie's story was such that it made everyone sad.

Result clause 'tori bud ke...'.

او نمی‌خواست با گفتن حقیقت، مادرش را غمگین کند.

He didn't want to make his mother sad by telling the truth.

Infinitive structure with 'nemikhast'.

چیزی که مرا غمگین می‌کند، تنهایی است.

The thing that makes me sad is loneliness.

Noun clause 'chizi ke...' as subject.

او با نامه اش مرا خیلی غمگین کرد.

He made me very sad with his letter.

Instrumental 'ba' (with).

آیا فکر می‌کنی این کار او را غمگین می‌کند؟

Do you think this action will make her sad?

Indirect question structure.

اگر بدانم که این موضوع تو را غمگین می‌کند، دیگر درباره‌اش حرف نمی‌زنم.

If I know this topic makes you sad, I won't talk about it anymore.

Conditional type 1 with subjunctive 'bedanam'.

او با وجود تلاش‌هایش، نتوانست مانع غمگین کردن اطرافیانش شود.

Despite his efforts, he couldn't prevent saddening those around him.

Gerund usage 'ghamgin kardan-e' as an object of 'mane'.

تصاویری که از تلویزیون پخش شد، تمام ملت را غمگین کرد.

The images broadcast on TV saddened the entire nation.

Relative clause 'ke az televiziyon pakhsh shod'.

او همیشه نگران است که مبادا حرفی بزند که کسی را غمگین کند.

He is always worried lest he say something that makes someone sad.

Use of 'mabada' (lest/for fear that).

این واقعیت که ما باید از هم جدا شویم، مرا عمیقاً غمگین می‌کند.

The fact that we must part from each other saddens me deeply.

Appositive clause 'in vaghe'iyat ke...'.

او از اینکه دیگران را غمگین کند، متنفر است.

He hates saddening others.

Prepositional phrase with 'az inke'.

شاید این خبر تو را غمگین کند، اما باید آن را بشنوی.

Maybe this news will make you sad, but you must hear it.

Subjunctive 'konad' after 'shayad'.

رفتار سرد او مرا بیشتر از هر چیزی غمگین کرد.

His cold behavior saddened me more than anything.

Comparative structure 'bishtar az'.

آنچه بیش از همه مرا غمگین می‌کند، بی‌تفاوتی جامعه نسبت به فقر است.

What saddens me most of all is the society's indifference toward poverty.

Formal 'anche' (that which) as subject.

او با قلمی توانا، توانست خواننده را در غم قهرمان داستان غمگین کند.

With a powerful pen, he managed to make the reader sad in the hero's sorrow.

Literary usage in literary criticism.

غمگین کردن قلبی که به تو اعتماد کرده، گناهی نابخشودنی است.

Saddening a heart that has trusted you is an unforgivable sin.

Nominalized infinitive as subject.

او نگران بود که مبادا اشعارش مخاطب را بیش از حد غمگین کند.

He was concerned lest his poems sadden the audience excessively.

Subjunctive with 'mabada' in a formal context.

این موسیقی با ملودی‌های محزونش، هر شنونده‌ای را غمگین می‌کند.

This music, with its mournful melodies, saddens every listener.

Formal adjective 'mahzun' modifying 'melody'.

تجربه تلخ مهاجرت، بسیاری از خانواده‌ها را غمگین کرده است.

The bitter experience of migration has saddened many families.

Present perfect in a sociological context.

او با نگاهی نافذ، سعی داشت بفهمد چه چیزی دوستش را این‌گونه غمگین کرده است.

With a piercing gaze, he tried to understand what had saddened his friend so.

Complex past perfect structure.

هیچ‌چیز به اندازه دیدن رنج کودکان، انسان را غمگین نمی‌کند.

Nothing saddens a person as much as seeing the suffering of children.

Negative comparison with 'hich-chiz' and 'be andaze-ye'.

در فلسفه او، غمگین کردن دیگری به مثابه آسیب زدن به کل بشریت است.

In his philosophy, saddening another is akin to harming all of humanity.

Philosophical 'be masabe-ye' (as/akin to).

نویسنده با مهارتی شگرف، فضای داستان را به گونه‌ای ترسیم کرد که گویی هر واژه خواننده را غمگین می‌کرد.

The author, with marvelous skill, depicted the story's atmosphere such that it was as if every word saddened the reader.

Irrealis 'gui' (as if) with imperfect 'mikard'.

او از اینکه ناخواسته موجب غمگین کردن عزیزانش شده بود، در خود فرو رفت.

He withdrew into himself because he had unintentionally caused the saddening of his loved ones.

Complex causative structure with 'mojeb-e'.

تراژدی‌های کلاسیک با هدف غمگین کردن و سپس پالایش روح نوشته می‌شدند.

Classical tragedies were written with the goal of saddening and then purifying the soul.

Academic discussion of 'catharsis'.

آیا هنر باید صرفاً به دنبال زیبایی باشد یا می‌تواند ما را آگاهانه غمگین کند؟

Should art merely seek beauty, or can it consciously sadden us?

Rhetorical question in an aesthetic context.

او با لحنی که گویی از اعماق قرون می‌آمد، از چیزهایی سخن گفت که هر قلبی را غمگین می‌کرد.

With a tone as if coming from the depths of centuries, he spoke of things that would sadden any heart.

Highly literary 'mikard' for habitual past or conditional.

غمگین کردن توده‌ها ابزاری بود که دیکتاتور برای کنترل آن‌ها به کار می‌برد.

Saddening the masses was a tool the dictator used to control them.

Political science context.

او چنان در غم خود غرق بود که گویی تمام جهان دست به دست هم داده‌اند تا او را غمگین کنند.

He was so drowned in his own sorrow as if the whole world had joined hands to sadden him.

Hyperbolic literary structure.

تلازمات شائعة

عمیقاً غمگین کردن

کسی را غمگین کردن

خبرِ غمگین کردن

بسیار غمگین کردن

بی‌دلیل غمگین کردن

دوباره غمگین کردن

واقعاً غمگین کردن

ناخواسته غمگین کردن

بیش از حد غمگین کردن

سعی در غمگین کردن

العبارات الشائعة

مرا غمگین نکن

— Don't make me sad. Used as a plea or request.

خواهش می‌کنم با این حرف‌ها مرا غمگین نکن.

چه چیزی تو را غمگین می‌کند؟

— What makes you sad? A common question to start a deep conversation.

در این دنیا، چه چیزی تو را غمگین می‌کند؟

قصد غمگین کردن نداشتم

— I didn't intend to make (you) sad. Used as an apology.

ببخشید، اصلاً قصد غمگین کردن شما را نداشتم.

او را غمگین کردی

— You made him/her sad. Used to point out the effect of someone's actions.

ببین با رفتارت او را غمگین کردی.

همه را غمگین کرد

— It made everyone sad. Used for events that affect a group.

مرگ او همه را غمگین کرد.

نباید او را غمگین می‌کردی

— You shouldn't have made him/her sad. Used for regret or criticism.

واقعاً نباید او را غمگین می‌کردی.

چرا می‌خواهی مرا غمگین کنی؟

— Why do you want to make me sad? A defensive question.

چرا با این خاطرات می‌خواهی مرا غمگین کنی؟

این خبر ما را غمگین کرد

— This news made us sad. A standard reaction to bad news.

شنیدن این خبر ما را خیلی غمگین کرد.

غمگین کردن دیگران آسان است

— Saddening others is easy. A philosophical or moral observation.

همیشه به یاد داشته باش که غمگین کردن دیگران آسان است.

موسیقی که مرا غمگین می‌کند

— The music that makes me sad. Used to describe personal taste.

من موسیقی که مرا غمگین می‌کند را دوست دارم.

يُخلط عادةً مع

غمگین کردن vs غمگین شدن

Means 'to become sad'. Use this when you are talking about your own feelings without an external agent 'making' you sad.

غمگین کردن vs ناراحت کردن

Means 'to upset'. Used for everyday annoyances, while 'ghamgin kardan' is for deeper sorrow.

غمگین کردن vs عصبانی کردن

Means 'to make angry'. Sometimes people confuse sadness with anger in a foreign language.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"دل کسی را خون کردن"

— To make someone's heart bleed; to sadden someone extremely deeply through suffering.

او با کارهایش دل پدرش را خون کرد.

Informal/Emotional

"اشک کسی را درآوردن"

— To make someone cry; often a result of 'ghamgin kardan'.

این فیلم واقعاً اشک مرا درآورد.

Informal

"زهر مار کردن"

— To make something bitter like snake venom; to ruin someone's happiness or sadden them during a good time.

او سفر را به کام ما زهر مار کرد.

Slang/Informal

"غم روی غم گذاشتن"

— To pile sorrow upon sorrow; to keep saddening someone who is already sad.

با این حرفت فقط غم روی غم من گذاشتی.

Literary/Emotional

"آتیش به جان کسی زدن"

— To set someone's soul on fire; to cause immense grief or sadness.

خبر مرگش آتیش به جان همه زد.

Emotional

"خواب را از چشم کسی گرفتن"

— To take sleep away from someone's eyes; to sadden or worry someone so much they can't sleep.

این مشکل خواب را از چشم من گرفته است.

Common

"دل کسی را لرزاندن"

— To make someone's heart tremble; to sadden or move someone deeply.

صدای گریه کودک دل همه را لرزاند.

Literary

"روز کسی را سیاه کردن"

— To make someone's day black; to make someone extremely miserable or sad.

او با این خبر روز مرا سیاه کرد.

Informal

"کارد به استخوان رسیدن"

— For the knife to reach the bone; to be saddened or pained to the point of being unable to bear it.

از این همه غم، کارد به استخوانم رسیده.

Common

"بغض کسی را ترکاندن"

— To burst someone's lump in the throat; to finally make someone cry after being sad for a long time.

حرف‌های مهربانانه تو بغض مرا ترکاند.

Emotional

سهل الخلط

غمگین کردن vs ناراحت کردن

Both involve negative emotions.

Narahat is 'upset' or 'uncomfortable'. Ghamgin is 'saddened' or 'sorrowful'. Narahat is much more common in daily life for minor issues.

ترافیک مرا ناراحت کرد (Traffic upset me) vs. مرگ دوستش او را غمگین کرد (His friend's death saddened him).

غمگین کردن vs محزون کردن

They mean the same thing.

Mahzun is the Arabic-root equivalent and is much more formal and literary. You wouldn't use it with friends.

این شعر قلب را محزون می‌کند (This poem saddens the heart).

غمگین کردن vs دلتنگ کردن

Both involve a feeling of 'sadness'.

Deltang specifically means 'to make miss someone'. It is a sadness caused by absence.

دوری از خانه مرا دلتنگ می‌کند (Missing home makes me sad/homesick).

غمگین کردن vs آزرده کردن

Both involve hurting someone's feelings.

Azorde is more about being offended or 'sore'. Ghamgin is about the state of sorrow itself.

حرف‌هایت مرا آزرده کرد (Your words offended/hurt me).

غمگین کردن vs مأیوس کردن

Disappointment leads to sadness.

Mayus is 'to disappoint' or 'to make lose hope'. It's about the loss of expectation.

او مرا از زندگی مأیوس کرد (He made me lose hope in life).

أنماط الجُمل

[Noun] [Pronoun]+ra ghamgin kard.

این فیلم مرا غمگین کرد.

[Subject] [Object]+ra ghamgin nemikonad.

او هیچ‌کس را غمگین نمی‌کند.

Nemikhaham [Object]+ra ghamgin bokonam.

نمی‌خواهم تو را غمگین بکنم.

[Something] mara ghamgin karde ast.

دوری از تو مرا غمگین کرده است.

Agar [Subject] [Object]+ra ghamgin konad, ...

اگر او مرا غمگین کند، با او حرف نمی‌زنم.

Anche [Object]+ra ghamgin mikonad, [Noun] ast.

آنچه مرا غمگین می‌کند، تنهایی است.

Ghamgin kardan-e [Object] kar-e dorosti nist.

غمگین کردنِ مردم کارِ درستی نیست.

[Subject] mojeb-e ghamgin kardan-e [Object] shod.

رفتار او موجبِ غمگین کردنِ ما شد.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

غم (Sorrow)

غمگینی (Sadness)

غمخوار (Sympathizer)

غم‌کده (House of sorrow)

الأفعال

غمگین شدن (To become sad)

غم خوردن (To grieve/worry)

غم‌زدایی کردن (To remove sorrow)

الصفات

غمگین (Sad)

غمناک (Sorrowful)

غم‌انگیز (Saddening/Tragic)

غم‌زده (Grief-stricken)

مرتبط

ناراحتی (Upset/Unkindness)

اندوه (Grief)

ماتم (Mourning)

حزن (Sadness - Arabic root)

دلتنگی (Missing someone/Homesickness)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Common in emotional, literary, and news contexts. Less common in technical or business contexts.

أخطاء شائعة

من غمگین کردم (Man ghamgin kardam) → من غمگین شدم (Man ghamgin shodam)
The first means 'I made (something) sad' but is missing an object. The second means 'I became sad'.
او من غمگین کرد (U man ghamgin kard) → او مرا غمگین کرد (U mara ghamgin kard)
You forgot the 'ra' marker for the specific object 'man'.
فیلم غمگین کرد من را (Film ghamgin kard man ra) → فیلم مرا غمگین کرد (Film mara ghamgin kard)
The verb must come at the end of the sentence in Persian.
او غمگین زد مرا (U ghamgin zad mara) → او مرا غمگین کرد (U mara ghamgin kard)
You used the wrong auxiliary verb. 'Ghamgin' only pairs with 'kardan' or 'shodan'.
من نمی‌خواهم تو را غمگین کن (Man nemikhaham tora ghamgin kon) → من نمی‌خواهم تو را غمگین کنم (Man nemikhaham tora ghamgin konam)
You forgot to conjugate the subjunctive verb for 'I' (man).

نصائح

Master the 'Ra'

Always remember 'Object + ra + ghamgin kardan'. This is the most important rule for this verb.

Gham vs Narahat

Use 'ghamgin' for deep sorrow (death, breakups, tragedies) and 'narahat' for daily upsets (traffic, being late).

Pronunciation of GH

The 'gh' in 'gham' shouldn't be a 'g' like 'goat'. It's more like the 'r' in French 'Paris'.

Suffix Shortening

In poetry or songs, you might see 'ghamginam kard' instead of 'mara ghamgin kard'. Both are correct.

Embrace the Gham

Don't be afraid to use this word. Iranians value the expression of deep emotions and won't find it 'too much'.

Auxiliary Focus

Focus on the end of the sentence. If you hear 'kard', it's past; if you hear 'mikonad', it's present.

Compound Nature

Treat 'ghamgin' as a block that never changes. Only conjugate the 'kardan' part.

Degree Adverbs

Add 'kheyli' (very) or 'vaghe'an' (really) before 'ghamgin' to make your Persian sound more expressive.

Mnemonic

Gham = Gloom. Ghamgin = Gloomy. Kardan = To make. It's a literal translation!

Abstract Subjects

You can use abstract things as subjects, like 'The news' (khabar) or 'The situation' (vaz'iyat).

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Gham' as 'Gloom'. 'Gham-gin' is 'Gloom-in' (full of gloom). 'Kardan' is 'to do'. So, 'Ghamgin kardan' is 'to do gloom-in' to someone.

ربط بصري

Imagine a dark cloud (Gham) moving from one person to another. The person moving the cloud is 'ghamgin kardan' the other person.

Word Web

غم (Noun) غمگین (Adjective) کردن (Light Verb) را (Object Marker) ناراحت (Synonym) شاد (Antonym) دل (Heart - where gham lives) اشک (Tear - result of gham)

تحدٍّ

Try to write three sentences: one about a movie, one about a friend, and one about the weather, all using 'ghamgin kardan' in different tenses.

أصل الكلمة

The word is a Persian compound. 'Gham' is borrowed from the Arabic 'ghamm' (غمّ), meaning grief or anxiety. The suffix '-gin' is a Middle Persian (Pahlavi) suffix meaning 'full of' or 'affected by.' 'Kardan' is a pure Persian verb descending from Old Persian 'karn-'.

المعنى الأصلي: To fill someone with grief or to cause them to be affected by sorrow.

Indo-European (Persian) with Semitic (Arabic) loanword influence.

السياق الثقافي

Be careful when using this with elders; it's better to say 'narahat kardan' if you are the one who caused the sadness, to show more humility.

English speakers might find 'ghamgin kardan' a bit heavy and might prefer 'to upset' (narahat kardan), but in Persian, 'gham' is a very standard emotional descriptor.

Numerous poems by Hafez discuss the 'Gham-e-Eshq' (the sorrow of love). The movie 'The Salesman' by Asghar Farhadi is a masterclass in how characters 'ghamgin kardan' one another. Traditional 'Avaz' singing is often intended to be 'gham-angiz' (saddening/moving).

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Reacting to bad news

این خبر مرا غمگین کرد.
واقعاً غمگین شدم.
چقدر غمگین‌کننده بود.
تسلیت می‌گویم.

Discussing a movie or book

پایان فیلم مرا غمگین کرد.
داستان خیلی غمگین بود.
شخصیت اصلی مرا غمگین کرد.
کتاب غمگین‌کننده‌ای بود.

Personal relationships

نمی‌خواستم تو را غمگین کنم.
تو مرا غمگین کردی.
چرا او را غمگین می‌کنی؟
ببخشید که غمگینت کردم.

Social/Global issues

فقر مردم را غمگین می‌کند.
جنگ همه را غمگین کرده است.
وضعیت محیط زیست مرا غمگین می‌کند.
بی‌عدالتی جامعه را غمگین کرد.

Music and Art

این موسیقی مرا غمگین می‌کند.
صدای خواننده مرا غمگین کرد.
نقاشی‌های او غمگین‌کننده هستند.
ملودی غمگینی دارد.

بدايات محادثة

"آیا تا به حال فیلمی دیده‌ای که تو را واقعاً غمگین کند؟"

"چه نوع موسیقی‌ای معمولاً تو را غمگین می‌کند؟"

"اگر ناخواسته کسی را غمگین کنی، چه کار می‌کنی؟"

"آیا فکر می‌کنی اخبار روزانه مردم را بیش از حد غمگین می‌کند؟"

"چطور می‌توانیم کسی را که غمگین شده، دوباره خوشحال کنیم؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

درباره زمانی بنویسید که یک دوست یا یکی از اعضای خانواده شما را غمگین کرد. چه اتفاقی افتاد؟

آیا فکر می‌کنید غمگین کردن دیگران همیشه بد است یا گاهی لازم است حقیقت را بگوییم؟

چه جنبه‌هایی از دنیای امروز شما را بیشتر غمگین می‌کند؟ چرا؟

توصیف کنید که یک اثر هنری (فیلم، کتاب، موسیقی) چگونه توانست شما را غمگین کند.

اگر می‌توانستید یک چیز را در دنیا تغییر دهید تا مردم کمتر غمگین شوند، آن چه بود؟

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Yes, if the object is specific (like a person's name, a pronoun like 'me', or a specific thing like 'this movie'), you must use 'ra'. If the object is very general or indefinite, 'ra' can be omitted, but in most cases, you'll need it.

'Ghamgin kardan' is transitive (to make someone sad), while 'ghamgin shodan' is intransitive (to become sad). For example: 'He made me sad' vs. 'I became sad'.

It is neutral to formal. It's perfectly fine to use in daily conversation, but it's also used in literature and news. For very informal 'upset', use 'narahat kardan'.

You can, but it might sound dramatic. For small things like someone being late, 'narahat kardan' is better. Use 'ghamgin kardan' for things that cause real sorrow.

You say: 'To mara ghamgin mikoni'. 'Mikonid' if you want to be formal.

The past stem of 'kardan' is 'kard'. So: 'ghamgin kardam' (I made sad), 'ghamgin kardi' (you made sad), etc.

Yes, you can attach the pronoun to the adjective: 'Ghamginam kard'. This is common in speech and poetry.

Usually, it's used for people or living things that can feel emotion. You wouldn't 'sadden' a table.

'Gham' is Arabic, but 'gham-gin' is a Persian construction because '-gin' is a Persian suffix.

The most direct opposite is 'khoshal kardan' (to make happy) or 'shad kardan' (to gladden).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات