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A2 adjective #2,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 5 دقيقة للقراءة

سرگرم

Busy, occupied, entertained.

sargarm
At the A1 level, you just need to know that 'sargarm' means you are doing something and you are not bored. Think of it as 'busy with a toy' or 'busy with a game'. It is a simple way to describe what you are doing right now. You use it with 'hastam' (I am). For example: 'Man sargarm hastam' (I am busy/occupied). It's a friendly word.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At A2, you start using 'sargarm' with the Ezafe (-e) to show *what* you are busy with. You can say 'sargarm-e bazi' (busy playing) or 'sargarm-e kar' (busy with work). You also learn that it can mean 'entertained'. If you go to a party and have a good time, you were 'sargarm'. It's more specific than just saying 'man kar mikonam' (I am working).
At B1, you use 'sargarm' to describe states of being in the past or future. You might say, 'I wanted to call you, but I was busy (sargarm budam) with my guests.' You also start using the causative form 'sargarm kardan' (to entertain someone). This is useful for describing social situations or how you spend your free time (sargarmi).
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At B2, you recognize the nuance between 'sargarm' and 'mashghul'. You use 'sargarm' to describe being 'absorbed' in a hobby or a book. You also use the adjective 'sargarm-konandeh' to critique media, like saying a movie was 'entertaining but shallow'. You understand that 'sargarm' implies a mental state, not just a physical one.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At C1, you use 'sargarm' in more abstract contexts. You might talk about how a political event 'kept the public busy' (sargarm kard) to distract them from other issues. You understand its use in literature to describe a character's internal state of preoccupation. You can use it fluently in complex sentences with multiple clauses.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At C2, you appreciate the metaphorical roots of 'sar' (head) and 'garm' (warm). You can use it in academic discussions about 'entertainment theory' or 'psychological flow'. You understand subtle ironies, such as using 'sargarm' to describe someone who is wasting their time on trivialities while ignoring important matters.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

سرگرم في 30 ثانية

  • Sargarm means busy or entertained.
  • It comes from 'sar' (head) and 'garm' (warm).
  • Use it for hobbies, games, and social engagement.
  • It is softer and more positive than 'mashghul'.

The Persian word سرگرم (sargarm) is a compound adjective that literally translates to "head-warm." In the Persian linguistic mindset, having a "warm head" doesn't imply a fever, but rather a state of being deeply engaged, occupied, or pleasantly distracted by an activity. It captures a specific nuance of being 'busy' that is distinct from the more clinical or professional term مشغول (mashghul). While مشغول can describe being busy with a stressful task or a mundane job, سرگرم almost always carries a connotation of absorption, often in something enjoyable or time-consuming in a neutral-to-positive way.

Primary Sense: Occupied
Refers to a state where one's attention is fully captured by a task, hobby, or event. It suggests that the person is not available for other things because they are 'in the zone'.
Secondary Sense: Entertained
Used to describe the state of being amused or having one's time passed pleasantly. If a child is سرگرم with toys, they are both busy and happy.
Grammatical Function
It functions as a predicate adjective, usually paired with the auxiliary verbs شدن (to become) or بودن (to be).

بچه‌ها در حیاط سرگرم بازی هستند.

Translation: The children are busy/entertained playing in the yard.

To understand سرگرم, one must look at the Persian concept of 'warmth' (garm). Warmth in Persian metaphors often relates to activity, social energy, and life. A 'warm' market is a busy one; a 'warm' head is one that is buzzing with activity. When you are سرگرم, your mental faculties are 'heated up' by the task at hand. This word is essential for A2 learners because it moves beyond the basic 'I am doing something' to 'I am engaged in something'.

او آنقدر سرگرم مطالعه بود که متوجه زمان نشد.

Translation: He was so busy studying that he didn't notice the time.

Furthermore, the word transitions into the noun سرگرمی (sargarmi), which means 'hobby' or 'pastime'. This linguistic link reinforces that سرگرم is about the quality of the time spent. It is not just about labor; it is about the occupation of the mind. Whether you are 'busy' with a crossword puzzle, 'busy' with a conversation, or 'busy' with a movie, سرگرم is your go-to adjective.

مهمان‌ها را با میوه و شیرینی سرگرم کردیم.

Translation: We kept the guests entertained/busy with fruit and sweets.
Synonym Note
While مشغول is a synonym, سرگرم implies a deeper level of mental immersion. You wouldn't usually say you are سرگرم with a painful medical procedure, but you are مشغول with it.

Using سرگرم correctly requires understanding its relationship with prepositions and auxiliary verbs. In Persian, adjectives like this often form 'compound verbs' or semi-compound structures. The most common construction is سرگرمِ [something] بودن (to be busy with [something]). Note the use of the Ezafe (-e) to link the adjective to the object of focus.

  • With the Ezafe: سرگرمِ کار (busy with work), سرگرمِ تماشا (busy watching).
  • With Prepositions: Occasionally used with به (to/with) or با (with). Example: او با گوشی‌اش سرگرم است (He is busy with his phone).

When you want to say you are 'entertaining' someone else, you use the causative form: سرگرم کردن. This is vital for social contexts. If you have guests, your job is to آن‌ها را سرگرم کنید (keep them entertained). If you are a teacher, you might دانش‌آموزان را سرگرم کنید to keep them from misbehaving.

مادر سرگرمِ آشپزی در آشپزخانه است.

Usage: Subject + Adjective + Ezafe + Noun + Auxiliary Verb.

Another important aspect is the tense. Because سرگرم describes a state, it is frequently used in the continuous past (Past Progressive) to set a scene in storytelling. "I was busy doing X when Y happened." In Persian: داشتم سرگرمِ مطالعه می‌شدم که... or more commonly سرگرمِ مطالعه بودم که...

You will encounter سرگرم in a variety of daily scenarios in Iran and other Persian-speaking regions. It is a high-frequency word because it covers both the mundane (being busy) and the leisure (being entertained). Here are the primary domains:

1. Family and Parenting

Parents often use this word regarding their children. "How do I keep the kids busy during the trip?" (چطور بچه‌ها را در سفر سرگرم کنیم؟). It implies finding an activity that prevents boredom and mischief.

2. Media and Entertainment

On TV or YouTube, you might hear presenters say, "We hope this program keeps you entertained" (امیدواریم این برنامه شما را سرگرم کند). The adjective form سرگرم‌کننده (entertaining) is the standard word for describing movies, books, or games.

3. Social Excuses

If someone calls you and you didn't answer, you might say, "Sorry, I was busy with something" (ببخشید، سرگرمِ کاری بودم). It sounds slightly softer and more natural than the more formal مشغول بودم in casual conversation.

Even though سرگرم is an A2 level word, its nuances can trip up learners. Here are the most frequent errors:

  • Confusing with 'Mashghul': While often interchangeable, don't use سرگرم for heavy, unpleasant labor. If you are 'busy' fixing a broken sewer pipe, مشغول is better. سرگرم implies a level of mental engagement that might be seen as 'enjoying' the task too much for a dirty job.
  • Incorrect Ezafe: Learners often forget the Ezafe when connecting to the activity. It's سرگرمِ کار, not سرگرم کار (though in very fast speech, the 'e' might be short, it is grammatically required).
  • Using it for 'Warm Head' literally: Never use this to describe someone with a fever or someone who is literally hot. For a fever, use تب داشتن.
  • Mixing up 'Sargarmi' and 'Sargarm': Remember that سرگرمی is the noun (hobby), while سرگرم is the adjective (busy/entertained). You cannot say "I have a busy" (من یک سرگرم دارم); you must say "I have a hobby" (من یک سرگرمی دارم).

To truly master سرگرم, you should understand its neighbors in the Persian vocabulary landscape. These words share semantic space but differ in intensity and context.

مشغول (Mashghul)
The most direct synonym for 'busy'. It is neutral and can be used for any type of work, from professional tasks to physical labor. It is an Arabic loanword and very common.
غرق (Ghargh)
Literally means 'drowned'. Used metaphorically for being 'deeply immersed' in something. غرق در مطالعه (drowned in study) is a much stronger version of سرگرمِ مطالعه.
مات (Maat)
Used when someone is so 'busy' looking at something they are stunned or fixated. Usually used for visual engagement.
سرگرم‌کننده (Sargarm-konandeh)
The active participle meaning 'entertaining'. This describes the *object* (the movie is entertaining), whereas سرگرم describes the *person* (I am entertained).

How Formal Is It?

رسمي

""

غير رسمي

""

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

من سرگرم هستم.

I am busy/occupied.

Simple subject + adjective + verb.

2

او سرگرم است.

He/She is busy.

Third person singular.

3

ما سرگرم هستیم.

We are busy.

First person plural.

4

بچه سرگرم است.

The child is occupied.

Noun + adjective + verb.

5

آن‌ها سرگرم بازی هستند.

They are busy playing.

Using Ezafe to connect to 'bazi'.

6

آیا سرگرم هستی؟

Are you busy?

Interrogative sentence.

7

من با کتاب سرگرم هستم.

I am busy with a book.

Using 'ba' (with).

8

سارا سرگرم است.

Sara is busy.

Proper noun usage.

1

بچه‌ها با اسباب‌بازی سرگرم شدند.

The children got busy with toys.

Simple past of 'sargarm shodan'.

2

او سرگرمِ تماشای تلویزیون است.

He is busy watching TV.

Ezafe connecting to a gerund-like noun.

3

مادرم سرگرمِ آشپزی بود.

My mother was busy cooking.

Past tense 'bud'.

4

ما با موسیقی سرگرم شدیم.

We were entertained by music.

Passive-like 'shodan' construction.

5

او خودش را سرگرم کرد.

He entertained himself.

Reflexive 'khodash' + causative 'kard'.

6

این بازی خیلی سرگرم‌کننده است.

This game is very entertaining.

Using the adjective form 'sargarm-konandeh'.

7

چرا سرگرمِ گوشی هستی؟

Why are you busy with your phone?

Question with 'chera'.

8

پدرم سرگرمِ روزنامه خواندن است.

My father is busy reading the newspaper.

Compound noun 'ruznameh khandan'.

1

وقتی آمدی، من سرگرمِ نوشتن نامه بودم.

When you came, I was busy writing a letter.

Past continuous context.

2

او همیشه خودش را با کارهای کوچک سرگرم می‌کند.

He always keeps himself busy with small tasks.

Present habitual.

3

باید بچه‌ها را در هواپیما سرگرم کنیم.

We must keep the kids entertained on the plane.

Modal 'bayad' + causative.

4

این فیلم نتوانست مرا سرگرم کند.

This movie couldn't entertain me.

Negative ability 'natavanest'.

5

آن‌ها آنقدر سرگرمِ بحث بودند که مرا ندیدند.

They were so busy arguing they didn't see me.

Result clause with 'anqadr... ke'.

6

سرگرمیِ مورد علاقه‌ی من نقاشی است.

My favorite hobby is painting.

Noun form 'sargarmi'.

7

او با حل کردن جدول سرگرم است.

He is busy solving a crossword.

Infinitive 'hal kardan' as object.

8

مهمان‌ها با خاطرات قدیمی سرگرم شدند.

The guests were entertained by old memories.

Plural subject.

1

نویسنده خواننده را با توصیفات دقیق سرگرم می‌کند.

The author keeps the reader engaged with detailed descriptions.

Literary context.

2

او ساعت‌ها سرگرمِ بررسیِ نقشه‌ها بود.

He was busy examining the maps for hours.

Duration 'sa'atha'.

3

نباید اجازه دهیم مسائل فرعی ما را سرگرم کنند.

We shouldn't let side issues distract/occupy us.

Abstract usage.

4

این مستند هم آموزنده است و هم سرگرم‌کننده.

This documentary is both informative and entertaining.

Correlative conjunction 'ham... ham'.

5

او باغبانی را به عنوان یک سرگرمیِ مفید انتخاب کرد.

He chose gardening as a useful hobby.

Noun usage in complex sentence.

6

او چنان سرگرمِ افکارش بود که راه را گم کرد.

He was so occupied with his thoughts that he lost his way.

Introspective usage.

7

تکنولوژی جدید مردم را به شدت سرگرم کرده است.

New technology has intensely occupied people.

Present perfect 'karde ast'.

8

او سعی داشت با لطیفه گفتن جمع را سرگرم کند.

He was trying to entertain the group by telling jokes.

Infinitive 'goftan' as means.

1

سیاستمداران گاهی با وعده‌های توخالی افکار عمومی را سرگرم می‌کنند.

Politicians sometimes distract public opinion with empty promises.

Sociopolitical context.

2

او در دوران بازنشستگی سرگرمِ تالیفِ خاطراتش شد.

In his retirement, he became occupied with compiling his memoirs.

Formal vocabulary 'talif'.

3

ذهنِ جستجوگرِ او همواره سرگرمِ کشفِ حقایق است.

His searching mind is always busy discovering truths.

Metaphorical 'zehn' (mind) as subject.

4

این رمان با پیرنگِ پیچیده‌اش مخاطب را تا انتها سرگرم نگه می‌دارد.

This novel keeps the audience engaged until the end with its complex plot.

Advanced literary term 'pirang'.

5

او به جای حلِ مشکل، خود را سرگرمِ حواشی کرده است.

Instead of solving the problem, he has occupied himself with marginalia.

Critical tone.

6

فیلسوف تمام عمر سرگرمِ پاسخ به این پرسش بود.

The philosopher was busy answering this question his whole life.

Existential context.

7

صنایع سرگرمی بخش بزرگی از اقتصاد جهانی را تشکیل می‌دهند.

The entertainment industries constitute a large part of the global economy.

Formal 'sanaye-e sargarmi'.

8

او با ظرافتِ تمام، مهمانانِ سخت‌گیر را سرگرم کرد.

With total finesse, he entertained the demanding guests.

Adverbial phrase 'ba zerafat-e tamam'.

1

در این تراژدی، قهرمان داستان سرگرمِ کلنجار رفتن با تقدیر خویش است.

In this tragedy, the protagonist is busy wrestling with his fate.

Highly formal/literary.

2

بشریت همواره سرگرمِ ساختنِ اسطوره‌هایی برای توجیهِ رنج بوده است.

Humanity has always been occupied with creating myths to justify suffering.

Philosophical/Anthropological.

3

او چنان در جزئیاتِ فنی سرگرم گشته که غایتِ اصلیِ پروژه را از یاد برده است.

He has become so engrossed in technical details that he has forgotten the project's primary purpose.

Archaic/Formal 'gashteh'.

4

هنر نباید صرفاً ابزاری برای سرگرم کردنِ توده‌ها باشد.

Art should not merely be a tool for entertaining the masses.

Critical theory context.

5

او با چیره دستی، کلمات را به بازی می‌گیرد تا خواننده را سرگرمِ هزارتویِ معنا کند.

With mastery, he plays with words to occupy the reader in a labyrinth of meaning.

Metaphorical 'hezar-tu'.

6

ذهنِ آدمی هیچ‌گاه از تکاپو باز نمی‌ایستد و مدام سرگرمِ پردازشِ داده‌هایِ محیطی است.

The human mind never stops striving and is constantly busy processing environmental data.

Scientific/Psychological.

7

او در انزوایِ خودخواسته، سرگرمِ واکاویِ لایه‌هایِ پنهانِ روانِ خویش بود.

In self-imposed isolation, he was busy analyzing the hidden layers of his own psyche.

Advanced psychological term 'vakavi'.

8

نظام‌هایِ توتالیتر با ایجادِ بحران‌هایِ ساختگی، مردم را سرگرم نگه می‌دارند.

Totalitarian regimes keep people occupied by creating artificial crises.

Political science context.

تلازمات شائعة

سرگرمِ کار
سرگرمِ بازی
سرگرمِ مطالعه
سرگرمِ تماشا
سخت سرگرم
خود را سرگرم کردن
بچه‌ها را سرگرم کردن
سرگرمِ گفتگو
سرگرمِ فریب
سرگرمِ حلِ مسئله

العبارات الشائعة

سرگرمِ خودت باش

سرگرمش کن

خیلی سرگرمم

سرگرمِ زندگی

سرگرمِ دنیای خودش

سرگرمِ حواشی

سرگرمِ جزئیات

سرگرمِ یادگیری

سرگرمِ سفر

سرگرمِ هنر

يُخلط عادةً مع

سرگرم vs مشغول (Mashghul)

سرگرم vs گرم (Garm)

سرگرم vs سرگرمی (Sargarmi)

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

""

سهل الخلط

سرگرم vs مشغول

More formal and can be for unpleasant tasks.

سرگرم vs سرگردان

Means wandering/lost, sounds similar.

سرگرم vs سرگشته

Means bewildered/confused.

أنماط الجُمل

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

nuance

Positive vs Neutral busy.

preposition

ba is common for tools/objects.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Saying 'Man sargarmi hastam' instead of 'Man sargarm hastam'.
  • Using it for physical heat.
  • Forgetting the Ezafe in 'sargarm-e kar'.
  • Using it for very sad or heavy labor.
  • Confusing it with 'sar-gardan' (lost).

نصائح

Hobby vs Busy

Remember sargarmi is the hobby, sargarm is the person.

The Ezafe

Always use the -e sound when saying what you are busy with.

Hosting

Use 'sargarm kardan' to describe how you host people.

Warmth

In Persian, 'warm' usually means active and alive.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

Toys are called 'vasayel-e sargarmi'.

A host's duty is to keep guests entertained.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"خودت را چطور سرگرم می‌کنی؟"

"سرگرمیِ مورد علاقه‌ات چیست؟"

"چطور بچه‌ها را سرگرم کنیم؟"

"آیا این فیلم سرگرم‌کننده بود؟"

"الان سرگرمِ چه کاری هستی؟"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

امروز چطور خودت را سرگرم کردی؟

یک سرگرمی جدید که دوست داری امتحان کنی چیست؟

وقتی سرگرمی، زمان چطور می‌گذرد؟

بهترین راه برای سرگرم کردن مهمان‌ها چیست؟

آیا کارِ تو سرگرم‌کننده است؟

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

It is neutral and used in both formal and informal Persian.

Yes, if you find your job engaging, but 'mashghul' is more standard for professional duty.

The noun form is 'sargarmi', which means hobby or pastime.

Use 'sargarm-konandeh'.

No, that is a common mistake. It is only metaphorical.

Yes, 'sargarm ba gushi' (busy with phone) is very common.

The most common opposite is 'bikari' (unemployed/nothing to do) or 'bi-hoseleh' (bored).

Yes, it is made of 'sar' (head) and 'garm' (warm).

It can, if you are busy with something you shouldn't be.

Yes, 'gorbe sargarm-e bazi ast' (The cat is busy playing).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

سجّل مجاناً للتدريب

محتوى ذو صلة

هل كان هذا مفيداً؟

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