A1 Idiom محايد 1 دقيقة للقراءة

とくに

toku ni

Especially / Particularly

تدرّب عليها

Phrase in 30 Seconds

Use {特|とく}に to highlight one item or point that stands out from a group.

  • Means: Especially, particularly, or in particular.
  • Used in: Expressing preferences, emphasizing a specific detail, or answering 'what's your favorite'.
  • Don't confuse: {特|とく}に (especially) with {特|とく}別 (special/different).
Many items + magnifying glass = {特|とく}に

شرح بمستواك:

Use {特|とく}に to say 'especially'. It helps you pick one thing you like from many things. For example, if you like fruit, you can say you like strawberries especially.
This adverb highlights a specific item. It is very common in daily life when talking about preferences or describing conditions. It is frequently used with negative verbs to say 'nothing in particular'.
Beyond simple preferences, {特|とく}に functions as a discourse marker to draw attention to a specific point in an argument or explanation. It serves to narrow the scope of a statement, ensuring the listener focuses on the most important detail.
In professional or formal contexts, {特|とく}に is used to delineate specific areas of concern or interest. It effectively manages the listener's focus, allowing the speaker to emphasize key data points or specific requirements within a larger, more complex narrative structure.
Functioning as an adverbial focus particle, {特|とく}に operates on the scalar implicature of a set. It signals that the proposition holds true for the entire set, but with a higher degree of intensity or relevance for the specified subset. It is essential for nuanced, precise communication.
From a cognitive linguistics perspective, {特|とく}に acts as a focalizer that maps a specific entity onto a higher-intensity region of a semantic scale. It is indispensable for managing information structure and pragmatic emphasis in both spoken and written Japanese discourse.

المعنى

To emphasize a specific point or item among others.

🌍

خلفية ثقافية

Used to maintain harmony by avoiding strong, unsolicited opinions.

💡

The Negative Rule

Always remember that '{特|とく}に' + negative verb is the standard way to say 'nothing in particular'.

💡

The Negative Rule

Always remember that '{特|とく}に' + negative verb is the standard way to say 'nothing in particular'.

اختبر نفسك

Fill in the blank with the correct word.

{私|わたし}は{特|とく}に＿＿＿が{好|す}きです。

✓ صحيح! ✗ ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: りんご

{特|とく}に needs a noun or specific item to focus on.

🎉 النتيجة: /1

وسائل تعلم بصرية

بنك التمارين

2 تمارين
اختر الإجابة الصحيحة Fill Blank

✓ صحيح! ✗ ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة:
Fill in the blank with the correct word. Fill Blank A1

{私|わたし}は{特|とく}に＿＿＿が{好|す}きです。

✓ صحيح! ✗ ليس تمامًا. الإجابة الصحيحة: りんご

{特|とく}に needs a noun or specific item to focus on.

🎉 النتيجة: /2

الأسئلة الشائعة

1 أسئلة

Yes, '{特|とく}に{彼|かれ}が{好|す}きです' (I especially like him).

عبارات ذات صلة

🔗

{特|とく}別

similar

Special

أين تستخدمها

🍱

Ordering Food

Waiter: Any allergies?

You: {特|とく}にありません。

neutral

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Tok-ni' as 'Talk-knee'. If you are talking to someone, you want to focus on the 'knee' of the matter—the specific point.

ربط بصري

Imagine a giant spotlight in a dark room hitting one single apple in a basket of fruit.

Story

Ken goes to a buffet. He sees many dishes. He likes them all, but he points to the cake. 'Tokuni, cake!' he says. Now he is the happiest person at the party.

In Other Languages

Similar to 'especially' in English or 'especialmente' in Spanish. It serves the same function of highlighting a subset.

Word Web

{特|とく}別{特|とく}徴{特|とく}定{特|とく}急{特|とく}色{特|とく}例

تحدٍّ

For one day, try to add '{特|とく}に' to every sentence where you express a preference.

Review in 1 day, then 3 days, then 1 week.

النطق

Stress Flat pitch accent.

Clear 'to-ku-ni' pronunciation.

طيف الرسمية

رسمي
{特|とく}に{希望|きぼう}はございません。

{特|とく}に{希望|きぼう}はございません。 (Expressing lack of preference)

محايد
{特|とく}にありません。

{特|とく}にありません。 (Expressing lack of preference)

غير رسمي
{特|とく}にないよ。

{特|とく}にないよ。 (Expressing lack of preference)

عامية
べつに〜。

べつに〜。 (Expressing lack of preference)

Derived from the kanji {特}, meaning 'special' or 'distinctive'.

Edo Period:

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji {特} is also used in the word {特急} (limited express train).

ملاحظات ثقافية

Used to maintain harmony by avoiding strong, unsolicited opinions.

“{特|とく}にありません。”

بدايات محادثة

“

{特|とく}に{好|す}きな{食|た}べ{物|もの}は{何|なに}ですか？

أخطاء شائعة

✗

{特|とく}に{大|おお}きい

✓

{非常|ひじょう}に{大|おお}きい

literal translation
Learners often use {特|とく}に as a synonym for 'very'. It only works for 'especially'.

L1 Interference

0 1

In Other Languages

Spanish Very Similar

Especialmente

Japanese requires a negative verb for 'nothing in particular', whereas Spanish uses 'nada en particular'.

French Very Similar

Surtout

Surtout can also mean 'above all', while {特|とく}に is more focused on 'in particular'.

German Very Similar

Besonders

German grammar allows more flexibility in word order compared to the Japanese position before the verb.

Japanese self

{特|とく}に

N/A

Arabic moderate

بشكل خاص

Arabic is a multi-word phrase while Japanese is a single adverbial unit.

Chinese Very Similar

特别

Chinese '特别' can also function as an adjective, while '{特|とく}に' is strictly an adverb.

Korean Very Similar

특히

The pronunciation is slightly different, but the usage is nearly 1:1.

Portuguese Very Similar

Especialmente

Portuguese speakers might use 'em especial' which is slightly more formal than the adverbial form.

Spotted in the Real World

🎬

(2016)

“{特|とく}に{何|なに}もありません。”

A casual conversation.

سهل الخلط

とくに مقابل {特|とく}別

Learners mix up the adverb '{特|とく}に' with the adjective '{特|とく}別'.

Use '{特|とく}に' for actions/adjectives, '{特|とく}別' for nouns.

الأسئلة الشائعة (1)

Yes, '{特|とく}に{彼|かれ}が{好|す}きです' (I especially like him).

usage contexts

Learning Path

Prerequisites

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