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B1 adjective 10 دقيقة للقراءة

個別的な

kobetsuteki na

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 個別的な في 30 ثانية

الشرح 個別的な in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) yet. It is a big, difficult word! Instead, you use simple words like '一人' (hitori - one person) or '一つ' (hitotsu - one thing). If you want to say 'each person,' you might say 'みんな' (minna - everyone) or '一人ずつ' (hitori zutsu - one by one). This word is too formal for basic greetings or shopping. Just remember that '個' (ko) means 'one small thing.' You see this when you count apples or eggs. If you see '個別的な' in a book, just think: 'This means they are talking about one thing at a time, not the whole group.' It is like the difference between saying 'everyone' and 'each specific person.' For now, focus on your basic particles and verbs. You will learn this word later when you start reading more professional or academic Japanese. If you really want to try it, think of 'individual' in English. It is a long word, right? 'Kobetsuteki-na' is the same—it's a long, grown-up word for 'one by one.'

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you might start seeing '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) in signs for schools or in simple news articles. You know that 'na-adjectives' describe things, like 'kirei-na' (beautiful). 'Kobetsuteki-na' is just like that. It describes a situation where things are handled one-by-one. For example, '個別的なレッスン' (kobetsuteki-na ressun) means an 'individual lesson.' You might see this at a music school or a language school. It is the opposite of a 'group lesson.' You should also learn '個別的に' (kobetsuteki-ni), which means 'individually.' If a teacher says, 'I will talk to you individually,' they might use this word. It sounds very polite and professional. Don't worry about using it in your own speaking yet, but try to recognize the kanji: 個 (individual) and 別 (separate). When you see them together, it always means something is being kept separate from the group. This is a very useful word for understanding how Japanese services work, as many things in Japan are offered either for 'groups' or 'individuals.'

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B1 level, '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) becomes a key part of your vocabulary, especially if you use Japanese for work or study. This word allows you to discuss specific cases versus general rules. For example, in a business meeting, you might say, '一般的（いっぱんてき）なルールはありますが、個別的な対応（たいおう）が必要です' (There are general rules, but individual handling is necessary). This shows you understand that not every situation is the same. You should also be careful not to confuse it with '個人的な' (kojinteki-na). Remember: 'kojinteki' is for your private life and opinions, while 'kobetsuteki' is for professional or objective situations. You will hear this word in the news when they talk about 'individual cases' (個別的な事案). It is also very common in the IT world for 'individual settings.' Practice using it to add a layer of professional polish to your Japanese. Instead of saying 'this person's problem,' you can say 'this individual case' (この個別的なケース). It makes you sound much more like a native speaker who can handle nuanced discussions.

At the B2 level, you are expected to use '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) accurately in both writing and speaking. You should understand its role in formal logic and analytical writing. It is frequently used to isolate variables in a discussion. For instance, '個別的な要因（よういん）を分析する' means 'to analyze individual factors.' You will also encounter it in legal or sociological contexts, such as '個別的な権利' (individual rights). At this level, you should be comfortable with the adverbial form '個別的に' and the negative form '個別的ではない.' You might use these to argue that a problem is systemic. For example: 'これは個別的なミスではなく、組織的な問題だ' (This isn't an individual mistake; it's an organizational problem). You should also notice how it pairs with formal nouns like '事案' (case), '事象' (phenomenon), and '事情' (circumstances). Being able to switch between 'sorezore' (casual 'each') and 'kobetsuteki-na' (formal 'individual') is a sign of high linguistic competence. You are now moving beyond just 'knowing' the word to 'mastering' its professional nuance.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, your understanding of '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) should be deep enough to recognize its philosophical and legal implications. In academic discourse, it is used to discuss the 'particular' as opposed to the 'universal' (普遍的 - fuhenteki). For example, in a thesis, you might discuss the '個別的な真理' (particular truth) of a specific historical event. You should also be aware of how this word is used in government policy to describe 'tailored' social services. In professional debate, you might use it to deflect a general criticism by insisting on the '個別的な特殊性' (individual specificity) of your situation. You will also see it in complex compound structures like '個別的自衛権' (the right of individual self-defense), which is a major topic in Japanese constitutional law. At this level, you should be able to appreciate the subtle difference between 'kobetsuteki' and 'tokuyuu' (unique/inherent). Your usage should be flawless, and you should be able to explain the nuance of this word to lower-level learners, highlighting its objective, clinical, and systematic nature.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, '個別的な' (kobetsuteki-na) is a word you handle with complete precision in the most formal and complex environments. You understand its nuances in high-level literature, legal statutes, and scientific journals. You can distinguish between 'kobetsuteki' (individual/discrete) and 'bunretsuteki' (fragmented) or 'kakubetsuteki' (exceptional). In a legal context, you might analyze how '個別的な判断' (individual judgment) by a judge interacts with established 'precedent' (判例). You are capable of using the word to construct sophisticated arguments about the tension between individual agency and collective structures in society. You recognize its use in 'personalized medicine' (個別化医療) or 'individualized marketing' (個別化マーケティング) where the 'teki' suffix might even be replaced by 'ka' (ization). Your command of the word is such that you can use it to maintain a professional distance or to provide a clinical analysis of human behavior. You are also sensitive to the potential coldness of the word and know when to switch to more human-centric language depending on your audience and goals. This word is no longer a vocabulary item but a precise tool in your intellectual arsenal.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

個別的な في 30 ثانية

Kobetsuteki-na means individual or specific, used primarily in formal, professional, or academic contexts in Japan.
It is a na-adjective, meaning it modifies nouns with 'na' and verbs with 'ni' (individually).
It differs from 'kojinteki-na' which is for private/subjective matters; 'kobetsuteki' is for objective, systematic separation.
Commonly found in business services (customized support) and education (individualized tutoring/instruction).

The Japanese word 個別的な (Kobetsuteki-na) is a sophisticated adjective used to describe things that are individual, specific, or handled on a case-by-case basis. While in English we might simply say 'individual,' in Japanese, this term carries a nuance of professional precision and systematic separation. It is composed of three kanji: 個 (individual/counter), 別 (separate/distinction), and 的 (a suffix that turns nouns into adjectives, similar to '-al' or '-ic'). When you use this word, you are emphasizing that something is not being treated as a mass or a general group, but rather as a distinct entity with its own unique characteristics and requirements.

Business Context: In professional settings, this word is frequently used when discussing customer service, project management, or data analysis. For instance, a company might offer '個別的な対応' (kobetsuteki-na taiou), which means 'individualized support' or 'case-by-case handling.' This implies a high level of care where the specific needs of a single client are prioritized over a one-size-fits-all policy.

私たちは顧客のニーズに合わせて、個別的なプランを提案します。(We propose individualized plans tailored to each customer's needs.)

The usage of this word extends into the educational sphere as well. '個別的な指導' (kobetsuteki-na shidou) refers to individualized instruction or tutoring. Unlike 'group lessons,' this approach focuses on the student's personal strengths and weaknesses. In a society that often prioritizes the 'wa' (harmony) and collective identity, the use of kobetsuteki-na signals a modern shift toward recognizing and valuing the specific circumstances of the individual. It is common in academic papers, technical manuals, and legal documents where precision is paramount.

Academic Context: When researchers analyze data, they might look at '個別的な事象' (kobetsuteki-na jishou) or 'individual phenomena.' This suggests they are looking at specific instances rather than the general trend. It helps in isolating variables and understanding the root cause of a specific event within a larger system.

この問題については、個別的な事情を考慮する必要があります。(Regarding this issue, it is necessary to consider individual circumstances.)

Culturally, the term reflects the Japanese value of 'omotenashi' (hospitality) in a commercial sense—treating every guest or situation as unique and worthy of specific attention. It is also a key term in the legal field, where '個別的な権利' (kobetsuteki-na kenri) refers to the specific rights of an individual person as opposed to collective rights. Understanding this word allows you to navigate formal Japanese environments where nuance between the 'mass' and the 'individual' is strictly maintained. Whether you are filling out a government form or discussing a business strategy, kobetsuteki-na provides the linguistic tool to isolate a single case for detailed examination.

Scientific Nuance: In biology or medicine, '個別的な治療' (kobetsuteki-na chiryou) refers to personalized or individualized treatment. This is a burgeoning field in Japan, moving away from standard protocols to treatments designed for a patient's specific genetic makeup or lifestyle factors.

各部品の個別的な機能を確認してください。(Please check the individual functions of each component.)

法案は個別的な事例に基づいて修正された。(The bill was amended based on individual cases.)

Mastering 個別的な (Kobetsuteki-na) requires understanding its grammatical function as a 'na-adjective' (keigo-doushi). This means that when it modifies a noun, it must be followed by 'na'. When it functions as an adverb, it changes to 'kobetsuteki-ni' (individually). This flexibility allows it to fit into various sentence structures, from simple descriptions to complex technical explanations.

Noun Modification: The most common pattern is [Individual-Adjective] + [Noun]. For example, '個別的な指導' (individual instruction). Here, 'na' acts as the glue connecting the concept of individuality to the specific action of teaching.

全員に同じ説明をするのではなく、個別的な相談に応じます。(Instead of giving the same explanation to everyone, we will respond to individual consultations.)

In formal writing, you will often see kobetsuteki-na used to contrast with 'ippanteki-na' (general) or 'zentaiteki-na' (overall). This contrast is a hallmark of analytical Japanese. When you want to say 'while the general trend is X, the individual case is Y,' you would use these terms. For example: '一般的な傾向はあるが、個別的な差異も大きい' (While there is a general trend, individual differences are also large).

Adverbial Usage: By replacing 'na' with 'ni', you create '個別的に' (kobetsuteki-ni), meaning 'individually' or 'separately'. This is used to describe how an action is performed. '個別的に連絡する' means 'to contact (each person) individually.'

この件については、後ほど個別的にお話ししましょう。(Regarding this matter, let's talk individually later.)

Another important structure is using it with the copula 'da' or 'desu' at the end of a sentence. 'その理由は個別的だ' (The reason is individual/specific). This is less common in casual speech but very frequent in logical arguments or reports. It asserts that the nature of the subject is discrete rather than collective.

各プロジェクトには個別的な予算が割り当てられています。(Each project is allocated an individual budget.)

When dealing with multiple items, you might use the phrasing '個別的な対応が必要なケース' (cases requiring individual handling). This highlights that the standard procedure is insufficient. In the context of technology, '個別的な設定' (individual settings) refers to user-specific configurations. As you can see, the word is indispensable for describing any scenario where the 'whole' is broken down into its constituent 'parts'.

Negative Form: To say something is NOT individual, you would use '個別的ではない' (kobetsuteki de wa nai). This is often used to argue that a problem is systemic or structural rather than just a one-off occurrence.

これは個別的な問題ではなく、社会全体の課題です。(This is not an individual problem, but a challenge for society as a whole.)

データは個別的なIDで管理されています。(Data is managed with individual IDs.)

You are most likely to encounter 個別的な (Kobetsuteki-na) in semi-formal to formal environments. It is a 'stiff' word, meaning it belongs more in the world of news, business meetings, and academic lectures than in a casual chat between friends at a café. If you're watching the NHK news, you'll hear it when reporters discuss government policies or specific legal cases.

In the Office: During a performance review, a manager might say, 'あなたの個別的な成果を評価します' (I will evaluate your individual achievements). In this setting, it sounds more professional and objective than using 'your' (あなたの) alone. It emphasizes that the evaluation is based on specific, documented results.

この契約には個別的な合意が必要です。(This contract requires an individual agreement.)

In schools and 'juku' (cram schools), you will see signs for '個別的な指導' (individualized instruction). This is a major selling point for private education in Japan. Parents look for this word because it promises that their child won't just be another face in a large classroom but will receive attention tailored to their specific learning pace. It conveys a sense of premium service and customized care.

Customer Support: When a service has a glitch, the help center might say, '個別的な状況を確認いたします' (We will check your individual situation). This is a polite way of saying they need to look at your specific account details rather than a general system error. It provides reassurance that the customer's problem is being taken seriously.

患者一人ひとりに個別的なケアを提供しています。(We provide individual care to each and every patient.)

In the tech world, you'll find this word in settings menus or API documentation. '個別的な通知設定' (individual notification settings) allows users to customize alerts for specific apps or contacts. It is also used in data science when discussing 'individual data points' (個別的なデータ点). The word is ubiquitous in any field that requires breaking down a complex whole into manageable, specific units.

Legal and Government: Government officials often use this word to discuss '個別的な審査' (individual screening) for visas, subsidies, or permits. It indicates that there is no automatic approval and each application is judged on its own merits.

裁判所は個別的な証拠を慎重に検討した。(The court carefully examined the individual evidence.)

このアプリは個別的なユーザー体験を重視しています。(This app emphasizes individual user experience.)

The most frequent mistake learners make with 個別的な (Kobetsuteki-na) is confusing it with 個人的な (Kojinteki-na). While both can translate to 'individual' or 'personal' in English, their usage in Japanese is distinct. Kojinteki-na refers to things that are private, subjective, or related to one's own self (e.g., 'my personal opinion'). Kobetsuteki-na, however, is objective and refers to things being handled separately or specifically within a system.

Mistake 1: Personal Opinion: Incorrect: '個別的な意見ですが...' (In my individual opinion...). Correct: '個人的な意見ですが...' (In my personal opinion...). Using kobetsuteki here sounds like you are analyzing your opinion as a data point rather than expressing a feeling.

それは個人的な問題です。(That is a personal [private] problem.) - Use kojinteki for privacy.

Another mistake is forgetting the 'na' or 'ni'. Since it is a na-adjective, you cannot say '個別的対応' in standard Japanese; it must be '個別的な対応'. While some technical compound words might drop the 'na' in very specific jargon (like '個別指導'), for general usage, the 'na' is essential for grammatical correctness.

Mistake 2: Grammatical Omission: Incorrect: '個別的ケースを調べる' (Check individual case). Correct: '個別的なケースを調べる'. Without the 'na', the sentence feels broken and amateurish.

このデータは個別的な（×個人的な）要素に分解できます。(This data can be broken down into individual [discrete] elements.)

Learners also sometimes over-use kobetsuteki-na when a simpler word like 'sorezore no' (each) or 'hitori hitori no' (each person) would be more natural. Kobetsuteki-na is very formal. If you use it while talking to your friends about which pizza toppings they want, it will sound like you're conducting a clinical study. For everyday situations, 'sorezore' is usually better.

Mistake 3: Over-formality: Using '個別的な' in a casual setting. Instead of '個別的な好きな食べ物は？' (What are your individual favorite foods?), say 'それぞれの好きな食べ物は？'. The former sounds like an interrogation by a bureaucrat.

私たちは個別的な（×それぞれの）事情を考慮した。(We considered the individual [specific/legal] circumstances.) - Use kobetsuteki for formal consideration.

彼は個別的な（×個人的な）判断で行動した。(He acted based on an individual [case-specific] judgment.)

To truly master 個別的な (Kobetsuteki-na), you must understand where it sits among its synonyms. Japanese has many ways to say 'individual' or 'each,' and the choice depends entirely on the context and the level of formality you wish to convey.

個別的 (Kobetsuteki) vs. 個人的 (Kojinteki): 個別的: Objective, systematic, case-by-case. Used for data, business, and legal matters.
個人的: Subjective, private, relating to one's own self. Used for opinions, privacy, and personal life.

個別的な指導 (Individual instruction) vs. 個人的な理由 (Personal reasons).

Another common alternative is それぞれの (Sorezore no). This is much more common in daily conversation. It means 'each' or 'respective.' While kobetsuteki-na sounds like you are analyzing the items, sorezore no simply points to them. For example, 'sorezore no heya' (each person's room) sounds natural, whereas 'kobetsuteki-na heya' sounds like you're discussing the architectural specifications of individual units.

個別的 (Kobetsuteki) vs. 特有の (Tokuyuu no): 個別的: Focuses on the fact that items are separate.
特有の: Focuses on a quality that is 'unique' or 'characteristic' to a specific thing (e.g., 'Japanese-specific culture').

この問題は、この地域に特有の（×個別的な）ものです。(This problem is unique to this region.)

For a more poetic or emphatic way to say 'each and every one,' you can use 一人ひとり (Hitori hitori) for people or 一つひとつ (Hitotsu hitotsu) for objects. These phrases carry more warmth and emotional weight than the clinical kobetsuteki-na. If a teacher says they care about 'hitori hitori no seito,' it sounds like they love their students. If they say 'kobetsuteki-na seito,' it sounds like they are managing a database of students.

個別的 (Kobetsuteki) vs. 特別の (Tokubetsu no): 個別的: Case-by-case, regular but separate.
特別の: Special, exceptional, outside the norm.

今日は特別の（×個別的な）許可を得た。(Today I got special permission.)

Lastly, in very high-level academic or legal Japanese, you might encounter 個別の (Kobetsu no) without the 'teki'. This is often used in compound nouns like '個別案件' (individual project/item). It is slightly more concise but carries the same core meaning. Choosing kobetsuteki-na adds a layer of 'adjectival' nuance, making the sentence flow better in descriptive contexts.

それは個別的な差異にすぎない。(That is nothing more than an individual difference.)

各要素を個別的な視点で分析する。(Analyze each element from an individual perspective.)

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The suffix '-teki' (的) originally meant 'target' in archery. It was adopted as an adjective marker because it 'points to' the nature of the noun, much like a target points to the goal of an arrow.

دليل النطق

UK ko̞be̞t͡sɨᵝte̞ki na

US koʊbeɪtsuːteɪkiː nɑː

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. For 'kobetsuteki', the pitch typically starts low on 'ko', rises on 'be', and stays high until 'ki', then drops for 'na'. (LHHHH-L)

يتقافى مع

teki (target) reki (history) geki (drama) seki (seat) heki (wall) deki (completion) beki (should) shiteki (pointing out)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su'.
Stressing the 'teki' like English '-ic'.
Forgetting the 'na' at the end when modifying a noun.
Incorrectly using 'kojinteki' (personal) instead of 'kobetsuteki' (individual).
Mispronouncing 'betsu' as 'betsu-u' with a long 'u'.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 3/5

Kanji are common but require knowledge of the 'teki' suffix pattern.

الكتابة 4/5

Writing '個' and '別' correctly takes practice for intermediate learners.

التحدث 3/5

The 'tsu-te' transition can be a bit of a tongue-twister for beginners.

الاستماع 2/5

Distinctive sound makes it easy to pick out in formal speech.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

個人 (Kojin) 別々 (Betsubetsu) 一般的 (Ippanteki) 対応 (Taiou) 指導 (Shidou)

تعلّم لاحقاً

普遍的 (Fuhenteki) 具体的 (Gutaiteki) 客観的 (Kyakukanteki) 主観的 (Shukanteki) 抽象的 (Chuushouteki)

متقدم

捨象 (Shashou) 生起 (Seiki) 選好 (Senkou) 最適化 (Saitekika) 秘匿性 (Hitokusei)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Na-Adjective Modification

個別的な理由 (Individual reason)

Adverbial 'ni' transformation

個別的に説明する (Explain individually)

The 'teki' suffix for conceptual adjectives

論理的 (Logical), 具体的 (Specific)

Contrastive 'wa' with adjectives

一般的ではないが、個別的には正しい。 (Not general, but individually correct.)

Compound noun formation (dropping 'na')

個別指導 (Individual instruction)

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

これは１つの（個別的な）リンゴです。

This is one (individual) apple.

A1 learners use 'hitotsu' instead of 'kobetsuteki-na'.

一人ずつ（個別的に）話します。

We will talk one by one (individually).

A1 learners use 'hitori zutsu' instead of 'kobetsuteki-ni'.

この部屋は一つだけです。

There is only one room.

Simple counting is used at this level.

名前を一つずつ書いてください。

Please write the names one by one.

Basic instruction for individual action.

みんな違います。

Everyone is different.

Expressing individual differences simply.

これは私の本です。

This is my book.

Using personal possessives instead of 'individual'.

テストは一人で受けます。

You take the test alone.

Using 'hitori de' for individual action.

プレゼントを一つずつあげます。

I will give the presents one by one.

Basic 'one by one' phrasing.

個別的なレッスンを受けたいです。

I want to take an individual lesson.

Using 'na' to modify 'lesson'.

先生は個別的に教えてくれます。

The teacher teaches us individually.

Adverbial use 'ni' with a verb.

個別的な質問がありますか？

Do you have any individual questions?

Questioning specific individual needs.

このプランは個別的なものです。

This plan is an individual one.

Using 'na mono' to nominalize the adjective.

個別的な対応をお願いします。

Please handle this individually.

Polite request for individualized service.

それぞれの（個別的な）席に座ってください。

Please sit in your respective (individual) seats.

Connecting 'each' with 'individual'.

個別的な事情で休みます。

I will be absent for individual reasons.

Note: In A2, students might still use 'kojinteki' incorrectly here.

データは個別的に保存されます。

Data is saved individually.

Passive voice with adverbial 'ni'.

この問題には、個別的な対応が必要です。

This problem requires an individual response.

Standard B1 professional usage.

個別的な事情を考慮して、締め切りを延ばしました。

Considering individual circumstances, we extended the deadline.

Using 'wo kouryo shite' (considering).

全ての事例を個別的に調査するつもりです。

I intend to investigate all cases individually.

Expressing intention with 'tsumori'.

個別的なニーズに応えるサービスが人気です。

Services that meet individual needs are popular.

Relative clause modifying 'service'.

一般的ではなく、個別的な視点から見てみましょう。

Let's look at it from an individual, not a general, perspective.

Contrasting 'ippanteki' and 'kobetsuteki'.

個別的な指導のおかげで、成績が上がりました。

Thanks to individualized instruction, my grades improved.

Using 'no okage de' (thanks to).

その理由は個別的すぎて、一言では説明できません。

The reasons are too individual to explain in one word.

Using 'sugiru' (too much) with the adjective.

個別的な契約を結ぶことになりました。

It was decided that we would sign an individual contract.

Using 'koto ni narimashita' (it was decided).

法案の修正には、個別的な議論が欠かせません。

Individual discussion is indispensable for amending the bill.

Formal academic/political vocabulary.

個別的な事象を一般化するのは危険です。

It is dangerous to generalize individual phenomena.

Using 'ippanka suru' (to generalize).

各プロジェクトの個別的な進捗状況を報告してください。

Please report the individual progress status of each project.

Business reporting structure.

個別的な差異を無視して、一律に扱うべきではありません。

We should not treat things uniformly, ignoring individual differences.

Using 'ichiritsu ni' (uniformly).

個別的なデータの秘匿性を確保する必要があります。

It is necessary to ensure the confidentiality of individual data.

Technical/Legal nuance.

彼は個別的な案件ごとに、異なる戦略を立てている。

He creates a different strategy for each individual project.

Using 'goto ni' (for each).

個別的な事情にかかわらず、規則は適用されます。

Rules apply regardless of individual circumstances.

Using 'ni kakawarazu' (regardless of).

個別的な心理状態が、全体の行動に影響を与える。

Individual psychological states affect the overall behavior.

Sociological/Scientific context.

個別的な自衛権の行使については、慎重な検討が求められる。

Careful consideration is required regarding the exercise of the right of individual self-defense.

Highly formal legal/political term.

文学作品の個別的な美しさは、翻訳では伝えきれない。

The individual beauty of a literary work cannot be fully conveyed through translation.

Nuanced aesthetic discussion.

社会構造と個別的な主体の関係性を考察する。

Examine the relationship between social structure and individual subjects.

Academic thesis style.

個別的な事案の集積が、新たな判例を生む。

The accumulation of individual cases creates new legal precedents.

Legal process description.

個別的な特殊性を捨象して、本質を抽出する。

Abstract the essence by discarding individual specificities.

Using high-level kanji verbs like 'shashou' (abstract/discard).

個別的なニーズへの過度な最適化は、効率を損なう恐れがある。

Excessive optimization for individual needs may compromise efficiency.

Economic/Systemic analysis.

歴史は、個別的な偶然の積み重ねによって形作られる。

History is shaped by the accumulation of individual coincidences.

Philosophical historical view.

個別的な人格を尊重することは、民主主義の根幹である。

Respecting individual personality is the foundation of democracy.

Political philosophy.

事象の個別的な生起を確率論的に記述することは困難である。

It is difficult to describe the individual occurrence of phenomena probabilistically.

Advanced scientific/mathematical phrasing.

個別的な意識の断片が、いかにして統合された自己を形成するか。

How do individual fragments of consciousness form an integrated self?

Neuroscience/Philosophy of mind.

個別的な正義と全体の利益が衝突する場面は少なくない。

There are many instances where individual justice and collective interest collide.

Ethical/Legal dilemma.

個別的な文脈を切り離した言説は、しばしば誤解を招く。

Discourse detached from individual context often leads to misunderstanding.

Linguistic/Critical analysis.

市場は、個別的な選好の総和として機能しているわけではない。

The market does not function simply as the sum of individual preferences.

Macroeconomic theory.

個別的な存在としての人間は、常に孤独と向き合っている。

Humans, as individual beings, are constantly facing loneliness.

Existentialist literature.

個別的な事物の背後に潜む普遍的な法則を看破する。

See through to the universal laws lurking behind individual objects.

High-level cognitive description.

個別的な利害関係を超越した、大局的な判断が求められている。

A broad-perspective judgment that transcends individual interests is required.

Leadership/Political rhetoric.

تلازمات شائعة

個別的な対応

個別的な指導

個別的な事情

個別的なケース

個別的なニーズ

個別的な相談

個別的な差異

個別的な判断

個別的な契約

個別的な設定

العبارات الشائعة

個別的なアプローチ

— An individualized approach to a problem or task.

患者の状態に合わせた個別的なアプローチが必要です。

個別的なケア

— Individualized care, common in nursing and elderly care.

施設では個別的なケアを重視しています。

個別的な問題

— An individual or isolated problem rather than a systemic one.

これは個別的な問題であり、全体には関係ありません。

個別的な要素

— Individual elements or components of a whole.

成功には様々な個別的な要素が絡んでいます。

個別的な視点

— An individual perspective or viewpoint.

個別的な視点から歴史を捉え直す。

個別的な配慮

— Individual consideration or accommodation.

障害のある方への個別的な配慮が必要です。

個別的な目標

— Individual goals set for a person.

社員一人ひとりに個別的な目標を設定する。

個別的な解決策

— An individualized solution tailored to a specific issue.

一律の対策ではなく、個別的な解決策を探る。

個別的な事情聴取

— Individual questioning or interviewing (often police/legal).

関係者に対して個別的な事情聴取が行われた。

個別的なデータ

— Individual data points or personal data.

個別的なデータは匿名化されています。

يُخلط عادةً مع

個別的な vs 個人的な (Kojinteki-na)

Kojinteki is for private/subjective things. Kobetsuteki is for objective/systematic separation.

個別的な vs 特別な (Tokubetsu-na)

Tokubetsu means 'special' or 'unusual'. Kobetsuteki just means 'separate' or 'specific'.

個別的な vs 固有の (Koyuu-no)

Koyuu means 'inherent' or 'unique to'. Kobetsuteki focuses on the act of being handled separately.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"個別的自衛権"

— The right of individual self-defense (a key term in international law and the Japanese constitution).

個別的自衛権の行使を認めるべきか議論されている。

Legal/Political

"個別案件"

— A specific, individual case or project (often used in business to mean 'this specific job').

個別案件については、担当者に確認してください。

Business

"個別撃破"

— Defeating enemies one by one (originally military, now used in business strategy).

競合他社を個別撃破していく戦略だ。

Strategic/Formal

"個別最適"

— Local optimization (optimizing one part of a system, sometimes at the expense of the whole).

個別最適ではなく、全体最適を目指すべきだ。

Business/Engineering

"個別指導"

— One-on-one tutoring or instruction.

個別指導の塾に通っています。

Education

"個別訪問"

— Door-to-door visiting or individual sales visits.

地域の家々を個別訪問してアンケートを取る。

Business/Politics

"個別原価計算"

— Job order costing (accounting method for individual products).

この工場では個別原価計算を採用している。

Accounting

"個別株"

— Individual stocks (as opposed to index funds or market trends).

インデックス投資よりも個別株の売買が好きだ。

Finance

"個別通知"

— Individual notification (contacting people one by one).

合格者には個別通知を送ります。

Formal

"個別面談"

— Individual interview or meeting.

三者面談の前に、生徒と個別面談を行った。

Education/Business

سهل الخلط

個別的な vs 個別の (Kobetsu no)

Almost identical meaning.

Kobetsu no is a noun-modifying particle phrase, whereas kobetsuteki-na is a na-adjective. Kobetsuteki-na sounds slightly more descriptive.

個別の部屋 (Individual rooms) vs 個別的な対応 (Individualized response)

個別的な vs 別々の (Betsubetsu no)

Both mean 'separate'.

Betsubetsu is more physical and casual (e.g., separate checks at a restaurant). Kobetsuteki is more abstract and formal.

支払いは別々で。 (Separate checks, please.)

個別的な vs 独自の (Dokuji no)

Both can mean 'individual'.

Dokuji implies originality or a unique style. Kobetsuteki implies a systematic breakdown into units.

独自の技術 (Original technology)

個別的な vs 特有の (Tokuyuu no)

Both refer to specific things.

Tokuyuu refers to a trait that belongs only to one thing. Kobetsuteki refers to the thing being treated individually.

この地方特有の習慣 (Customs unique to this region)

個別的な vs 具体的な (Gutaiteki-na)

Both mean 'specific'.

Gutaiteki means 'concrete' or 'detailed'. Kobetsuteki means 'individual' or 'case-by-case'.

具体的な説明 (Concrete/detailed explanation)

أنماط الجُمل

[Subject]は個別的な対応が必要です。

この注文は個別的な対応が必要です。

[Verb]ときは個別的に[Verb]してください。

質問があるときは個別的に連絡してください。

一般的（いっぱんてき）な傾向（けいこう）はあるが、個別的な差異（さい）も大きい。

薬の効果には、個別的な差異も大きい。

個別的な事情を考慮（こうりょ）した結果、[Conclusion]。

個別的な事情を考慮した結果、不採用となりました。

個別的な事象（じしょう）の集積（しゅうせき）が[Noun]を構成する。

個別的な事象の集積が歴史を構成する。

個別的な特殊性（とくしゅせい）を捨象（しゃしょう）することはできない。

この問題の個別的な特殊性を捨象することはできない。

個別的自衛権の行使（こうし）は憲法（けんぽう）の枠内（わくない）に限られる。

個別的自衛権の行使は憲法の枠内に限られるべきだ。

個別的な意志（いし）が全体（ぜんたい）の動向（どうこう）を左右（さゆう）する。

個別的な意志が全体の動向を左右する瞬間がある。

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

個別 (Kobetsu) - Individuality/The separate

個別化 (Kobetsuka) - Individualization

個人 (Kojin) - Individual (the person)

الأفعال

個別化する (Kobetsuka suru) - To individualize

別れる (Wakareru) - To separate/split

الصفات

個別の (Kobetsu no) - Individual (attributive)

別々の (Betsubetsu no) - Separate/Different

مرتبط

個人主義 (Kojin-shugi) - Individualism

差別 (Sabetsu) - Discrimination

区別 (Kubetsu) - Distinction

個体 (Kotai) - Individual organism

特殊 (Tokushu) - Special/Specific

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

High in professional/academic Japanese; Low in casual street Japanese.

أخطاء شائعة

個別的な意見 (Kobetsuteki-na iken) → 個人的な意見 (Kojinteki-na iken)
You cannot use 'kobetsuteki' for personal opinions or feelings. It sounds like you're analyzing your own brain as a third party.
個別的対応 (Kobetsuteki taiou) → 個別的な対応 (Kobetsuteki-na taiou)
As a na-adjective, it requires 'na' to modify the noun 'taiou'.
個別的自衛権 (as a general term for self-defense) → 自衛 (Jiee)
Don't use the full legal term 'kobetsuteki jieeiken' unless you are specifically talking about international law or the constitution.
個別的に好きな色 (Kobetsuteki-ni sukina iro) → それぞれの好きな色 (Sorezore no sukina iro)
Using 'kobetsuteki' for favorite colors is way too formal for a casual question. Use 'sorezore' (each).
個別な指導 (Kobetsu-na shidou) → 個別的な指導 (Kobetsuteki-na shidou)
You must include the 'teki' suffix to make it an adjective. 'Kobetsu' alone is a noun.

نصائح

Professional Polish

Use '個別的な' in business emails when you want to assure a client that you are looking into their specific problem. It sounds much more dedicated than just saying 'I will check it'.

Objective vs Subjective

Always remember that 'kobetsuteki' is objective. If the 'individual' aspect is about feelings or privacy, switch to 'kojinteki'. This is the most important distinction for learners.

Don't forget the 'Na'

Because it's a na-adjective, 'kobetsuteki' needs 'na' to connect to a noun. Skipping it is a common error that makes your Japanese sound broken.

The 'Tsu' Sound

The 'tsu' in 'kobetsuteki' is followed by 'te'. Make sure to pronounce the 'tsu' clearly without adding a vowel sound like 'tsu-u' or 'tsu-o'.

Isolating Variables

In scientific or social studies writing, use '個別的な要因' (individual factors) to show you are breaking down a complex problem into its parts.

Hospitality Keyword

In the hospitality industry, '個別的なサービス' is a high-level goal. It means providing what the guest needs before they even ask for it.

Kobetsu vs Sorezore

Think of 'sorezore' as pointing at items, and 'kobetsuteki' as analyzing them. Use 'sorezore' for 'each' and 'kobetsuteki' for 'individualized'.

News Context

When you hear 'kobetsuteki' on the news, it's often a politician avoiding a general question by saying they can only talk about specific cases.

Compound Nouns

If you are writing a title or a label, you can often drop the 'teki-na' and just use '個別' (e.g., '個別相談'). This is more concise for headings.

Visualizing Separation

Visualize the kanji '別' (separate) with its 'knife' radical on the right. It literally cuts the individual pieces away from the group.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Ko' as a 'Counter' for 'Betsu' (Separate) 'Teki' (Targets). You are looking at separate targets one by one.

ربط بصري

Imagine a conveyor belt where items are being separated into individual boxes. Each box is 'kobetsuteki'.

Word Web

個別 (Individual) 対応 (Handling) 指導 (Instruction) 事情 (Circumstances) 契約 (Contract) 相談 (Consultation) データ (Data) ニーズ (Needs)

تحدٍّ

Try to describe your favorite hobby using 'kobetsuteki-na' to explain how you handle different parts of it. For example, '個別的な道具の手入れ' (individual tool maintenance).

أصل الكلمة

The word is a modern Japanese construction using kanji roots. '個' (ko) originally referred to small items or a single piece of bamboo. '別' (betsu) depicts a knife dividing something, meaning 'separate' or 'distinguish'. '的' (teki) was borrowed from Western grammar concepts during the Meiji era to function like the English suffix '-al' or '-ic'.

المعنى الأصلي: To distinguish things one by one.

Sino-Japanese (Kango)

السياق الثقافي

This word is neutral and safe. However, using it to describe people can sometimes sound clinical or cold, as if they are just data points.

English speakers often use 'personal' where Japanese speakers would strictly use 'kobetsuteki-na' if the context is professional. Be careful not to sound too 'private' by using 'kojinteki'.

Japanese Constitution (Article 9 debates) Individualized Education Programs (IEP) in Japan Personalized Medicine initiatives by the MHLW

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Customer Support

個別的な対応
個別的な状況
個別的な返答
個別的なID

Education

個別的な指導
個別的なカリキュラム
個別的なペース
個別的な評価

Data Analysis

個別的なデータ
個別的な数値
個別的な要因
個別的な差異

Legal/Politics

個別的な事案
個別的な権利
個別的な合意
個別的な審査

Health/Medicine

個別的な治療
個別的なケア
個別的な症状
個別的な体質

بدايات محادثة

"個別的な指導とグループ指導、どちらが効率的だと思いますか？"

"ビジネスにおいて、個別的な対応はどこまで重要でしょうか？"

"最近のアプリは、個別的なユーザー体験を重視していますね。"

"個別的な事情でプロジェクトが遅れる場合、どう対処しますか？"

"一般的（いっぱんてき）なルールよりも個別的な判断を優先すべき時はありますか？"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日、あなたが「個別的な対応」を受けた、あるいは行った経験を書いてください。

個別的な指導（しどう）があなたの学習にどう役立ったか、思い出してみましょう。

社会全体の利益と、個別的な権利のバランスについて、あなたの考えを述べてください。

自分の「個別的な強み」は何だと思いますか？仕事や勉強にどう活かせますか？

もし自分が教師なら、生徒にどのような個別的なアドバイスをしますか？

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, you should use '個人的な' (kojinteki-na) for opinions. '個別的な' sounds like you are treating your opinion as a data point in a study, which is very strange in conversation.

Rarely. In casual talk, people prefer 'それぞれ' (sorezore) or '一人ひとり' (hitori hitori). Using '個別的な' with friends makes you sound like a robot or a bureaucrat.

They are very similar. '個別の' is often used in compound nouns (like 個別指導), while '個別的な' is used as a descriptive adjective in sentences. '個別的な' sounds slightly more formal and analytical.

You can say '個別的な指導' (individual instruction) or '個別面談' (individual interview). These are the standard ways to express 'one-on-one' in a professional setting.

Not exactly. While an 'individual plan' might be special, the word itself just means 'separate' or 'specific to that case.' If you want to say something is 'special,' use '特別な' (tokubetsu-na).

Yes! You can use it for '個別的な部品' (individual parts) or '個別的なデータ' (individual data). It is not limited to people.

This is a legal term meaning 'the right of individual self-defense.' It refers to a country's right to defend itself if attacked, as opposed to 'collective self-defense' (shudanteki jieeiken).

Yes, in its standard form. You must use 'na' to modify a noun and 'ni' to modify a verb.

You can use '個別的な対応' (kobetsuteki-na taiou) or the phrase 'ケースバイケース' (keesu bai keesu). 'Kobetsuteki' sounds more formal and Japanese.

The most common opposites are '一般的な' (ippanteki-na - general) or '全体的な' (zentaiteki-na - overall/total).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات