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A1 noun #2,659 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

予想

yosō
تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 予想 في 30 ثانية
الشرح 予想 in your Level:
At the A1 level, you can think of 予想 (yosou) as a way to say 'I think...' about the future. It's a step up from the basic word 'omou' (to think). You use it when you are guessing what will happen next. For example, 'I think it will rain' or 'I think my friend will come.' At this stage, just focus on the noun 'yosou' and the verb 'yosou suru'. It helps you talk about simple things like the weather or the result of a game. You might hear your teacher say 'Yosou shite kudasai' (Please guess/predict) before showing you a picture or starting a story. It's a great word to start expressing your thoughts about what's coming next.
At the A2 level, you start using 予想 to describe whether your guesses were right or wrong. You learn phrases like 'Yosou ga ataru' (My prediction was right) and 'Yosou ga hazureru' (My prediction was wrong). You also begin to see it in compound words like 'Yosou-gai' (unexpected). This allows you to express surprise. For instance, if a test was much harder than you thought, you can say 'Yosou-gai deshita.' You are moving beyond simple guesses to evaluating those guesses against reality. You might also use it with simple reasons, like 'The clouds are black, so my yosou is rain.'
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At the B1 level, 予想 becomes a tool for more structured discussion. You can use it in business or school contexts to talk about trends. You might say 'The number of tourists is predicted to increase' (Kankoukyaku wa fueru to yosou sarete imasu). You understand the difference between 'yosou' (logical prediction) and 'yotei' (plan). You can also use the word 'yosou-doori' (as expected) to confirm that things are going according to your logic. This level requires you to use the quote particle 'to' correctly with the verb form, allowing you to express more complex predictions about society, sports, or your own studies.
سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل
At the B2 level, you use 予想 with more nuance and in more formal settings. You can discuss 'yosou-gai no jitai' (unexpected situations) and how to handle them. You understand that yosou implies a level of evidence-based reasoning. You might compare different 'yosou' in a debate, using phrases like 'Watashi no yosou de wa...' (In my prediction...). You also start to recognize the word in news reports regarding the economy, such as 'yosou-jun'eki' (predicted net profit). Your ability to use the passive 'yosou sareru' and the potential 'yosou dekiru' (can be predicted) becomes more fluid, allowing for more objective and professional speech.
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At the C1 level, you master the subtle distinctions between 予想 and its synonyms like yosoku, suisoku, and yokan. You can use yosou in sophisticated writing to analyze why certain events were 'yosou-gai' (unforeseeable) and the impact of those events on public opinion. You are comfortable with idiomatic expressions and can use the word to discuss abstract concepts, such as the 'yosou' of future technological shifts. You can also critique a 'yosou' as being 'ama-i' (naive/too optimistic) or 'kibishi-i' (harsh/pessimistic). Your usage is precise, reflecting a deep understanding of the logical foundations of the word.
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At the C2 level, 予想 is a versatile tool in your high-level rhetorical arsenal. You can use it to discuss philosophical implications of predictability in a chaotic world. You might analyze literary works where the 'yosou' of the protagonist is subverted by the author to create irony. You understand the historical etymology of the kanji and how the concept of 'foresight' has evolved in Japanese culture. You can use the word in legal, academic, or highly technical documents with absolute precision, often pairing it with advanced grammar to express varying degrees of certainty and hypothetical outcomes. Your use of yosou is indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker.
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予想 في 30 ثانية

  • 予想 (yosou) means 'prediction' or 'expectation' based on logic and evidence, not just a random guess.
  • It is frequently used as a verb (予想する) to mean 'to predict' something specific like a game result.
  • Key phrases include 'yosou ga ataru' (prediction is right) and 'yosou-gai' (unexpected or surprising).
  • It is essential for discussing weather, sports, business forecasts, and academic hypotheses in Japanese.

The Japanese word 予想 (yosou) is a foundational noun that describes the mental act of looking forward into the future and forming a logical conclusion or a guess about what might happen. At its core, it combines two kanji: 予 (yo), meaning 'beforehand' or 'previously', and 想 (sou), meaning 'thought', 'concept', or 'idea'. Together, they literally translate to 'a thought held beforehand'. Unlike a wild guess or a superstitious prophecy, a 予想 is typically grounded in some form of evidence, current trends, or past experiences. It is the bread and butter of sports commentators, weather forecasters, and business analysts alike.

Core Concept
The process of predicting an outcome based on logic or data.
Grammatical Role
Primarily a noun, but frequently functions as a Suru-verb (予想する) to mean 'to predict'.
Visual Image
Imagine a detective looking at clues to decide who the culprit is before the reveal.

"明日の天気は雨だと予想されています。" (It is predicted that tomorrow's weather will be rain.)

— Common Weather Forecast Usage

In daily life, you use this word when you are anticipating how a situation will unfold. For example, if you see dark clouds, your 予想 is that it will rain. If a team has won ten games in a row, your 予想 is that they will win the eleventh. It is important to distinguish this from 'wishes' or 'hopes'. While you might hope to win the lottery, you wouldn't necessarily yosou it unless you had a logical reason to believe the odds were in your favor. This word carries a sense of objectivity, even if the prediction turns out to be wrong.

"私の予想が当たりました！" (My prediction came true/hit the mark!)

Furthermore, the word is often paired with verbs like 当たる (ataru - to hit/be correct) and 外れる (hazureru - to miss/be wrong). This binary outcome is a key characteristic of 予想. In a business context, companies release their 'yosou' for the fiscal year, which investors use to make decisions. In education, teachers might ask students for their 'yosou' before performing a science experiment. It encourages active thinking and engagement with the future based on the present.

"売上は予想を上回りました。" (Sales exceeded expectations/predictions.)

Nuance Note
It is more formal than 'omou' (to think) but less scientific than 'yosoku' (forecast).

"試合の結果を予想するのは難しい。" (It is difficult to predict the result of the match.)

"予想外の出来事に驚いた。" (I was surprised by an unexpected event.)

Using 予想 (yosou) correctly involves understanding its flexibility as both a standalone noun and a dynamic verb. When used as a noun, it often acts as the subject or object of a sentence. For example, 'My prediction' is 私の予想 (watashi no yosou). To turn it into an action, you simply add する (suru), creating 予想する (yosou suru), which means 'to predict' or 'to expect'.

1. The Basic Verb Pattern

The most common way to express what you predict is using the quote particle と (to). The structure is:
[Sentence in plain form] + と + 予想する
For instance: 「勝つと予想する」 (Katsu to yosou suru) - 'I predict (they) will win'. This allows you to embed complex thoughts into your prediction.

2. Describing Outcomes

When your prediction is tested against reality, you use specific verbs:

  • 予想が当たる (Yosou ga ataru): The prediction was correct (hit the mark).
  • 予想が外れる (Yosou ga hazureru): The prediction was wrong (missed the mark).
  • 予想通り (Yosou doori): Just as predicted / As expected.
  • 予想外 (Yosou gai): Unexpected / Outside of predictions.

3. Formal vs. Informal

In formal settings, such as business reports or news broadcasts, you will often see the passive form 予想されています (yosou sarete imasu), which translates to 'it is predicted that...'. This removes the individual speaker and gives the statement an air of objective authority. In casual conversation, you might simply say 予想してた (yosou shiteta) to mean 'I figured that would happen'.

4. Common Particle Pairings

- 〜を予想する: Predict [something]. (e.g., 未来を予想する - Predict the future).
- 〜から予想する: Predict based on [something]. (e.g., データから予想する - Predict from data).

You will encounter 予想 in a variety of specific environments in Japan. Understanding these contexts helps you grasp the word's weight and frequency.

1. Sports and Gambling

This is perhaps the most high-frequency area. Whether it's the FIFA World Cup, the NPB (Japanese Baseball), or Horse Racing (Keiba), the word 予想 is everywhere. Magazines dedicated to horse racing are literally called 'Yosou-shi'. Experts provide their 'honmei' (top pick) and 'ana' (dark horse) based on their 予想.

2. Weather Forecasts

While 'yohou' (予報) is the official word for a forecast, meteorologists often use 予想 when discussing specific details. For example, 予想最高気温 (yosou saikou kion) refers to the 'predicted maximum temperature'. It implies a calculation based on current atmospheric pressure and wind patterns.

3. Business and Economics

During quarterly earnings reports, companies provide their 業績予想 (gyouseki yosou) or 'business performance forecast'. Investors hang on these words. If a company's actual results are 'yosou-gai' (unexpectedly) low, the stock price might plummet. It is a word that carries financial consequences.

4. Academic and Scientific Research

Before an experiment, a researcher or student makes a 予想. It functions similarly to a 'hypothesis' (kasetsu), though 'yosou' is more common in general educational settings. It encourages the learner to engage with the logic of the experiment before seeing the result.

5. Daily Social Interactions

In gossip or casual chat: 'Who do you think will get married next?' 'My 予想 is Tanaka-san!' It adds a layer of 'I've thought about this' rather than just 'I think'.

Even though 予想 is a common word, learners often confuse it with similar-sounding or similar-meaning terms. Here are the most frequent pitfalls:

1. Confusing 予想 (Yosou) with 予定 (Yotei)

This is the #1 mistake.
- 予定 (Yotei): A plan or a schedule. Something that is decided. (e.g., I have a plan to go to Tokyo).
- 予想 (Yosou): A prediction. Something that is guessed. (e.g., I predict it will be crowded in Tokyo).
If you say 'My yosou is to go to the movies,' Japanese people will be confused because you don't 'predict' your own voluntary actions; you 'plan' them.

2. Confusing 予想 (Yosou) with 予測 (Yosoku)

These are very close, but 予測 (yosoku) is more technical and data-driven. Use yosoku for scientific models, population trends, or complex algorithms. Use yosou for general guesses, sports, and everyday expectations. Using yosoku for a horse race might sound overly scientific, while using yosou for a global climate model might sound a bit too casual.

3. Using 期待 (Kitai) instead of 予想

期待 (Kitai) means 'expectation' in the sense of 'hope' or 'looking forward to'.
- 'I expect (hope) you will win' = 期待している.
- 'I expect (predict) you will win' = 予想している.
If you use yosou when you mean kitai, you sound cold and analytical rather than supportive.

4. Incorrect Particle Usage

Don't forget the particle と when predicting a full clause. Saying 「雨を予想する」 is okay (predicting rain), but 「雨が降るを予想する」 is grammatically wrong. It must be 「雨が降ると予想する」.

Japanese has several words for looking into the future. Choosing the right one makes your Japanese sound natural and precise.

1. 予測 (Yosoku) - Forecast/Estimation

As mentioned, this is more data-heavy. It often involves measuring current states to calculate future ones.
Example: 経済予測 (Economic forecast).

2. 予報 (Yohou) - Official Forecast

This is used almost exclusively for official announcements, most notably the weather.
Example: 天気予報 (Weather forecast).

3. 予感 (Yokan) - Premonition/Hunch

This is based on feeling or intuition rather than logic. If you have a 'bad feeling' about something, you use yokan, not yosou.
Example: 嫌な予感がする (I have a bad feeling).

4. 見込み (Mikomi) - Prospect/Expectation

This is often used when there is a high probability of something happening, often in business or construction.
Example: 回復の見込み (Prospect of recovery).

5. 推測 (Suisoku) - Conjecture/Guess

This is more about 'guessing' the reason behind something that happened or a current hidden state, rather than just the future. It's more like 'inference'.

How Formal Is It?

مستوى الصعوبة

قواعد يجب معرفتها

〜だろう (Probably)

〜かもしれない (Might)

〜はずだ (Should be/Expected to be)

〜そうだ (Looks like/I heard)

〜予定だ (Plan to)

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أمثلة حسب المستوى

1

あしたのてんきをよそうします。

I will predict tomorrow's weather.

Simple noun + o + yosou shimasu.

2

わたしのよそうは「あたり」です。

My prediction is 'correct'.

Noun + wa + noun + desu.

3

だれがかつか、よそうしてください。

Please predict who will win.

Question clause + yosou shite kudasai.

4

よそうはむずかしいです。

Predicting is difficult.

Topic wa adjective desu.

5

テストのてんすうをよそうします。

I predict my test score.

Object + o + yosou shimasu.

6

よそうがあたりました！

The prediction came true!

Subject + ga + ataru (verb).

7

よそうがはずれました。

The prediction was wrong.

Subject + ga + hazureru (verb).

8

これはわたしのよそうです。

This is my prediction.

Possessive 'no' + noun.

1

試合の結果を予想するのは楽しいです。

Predicting the match result is fun.

Verb nominalizer 'no' + wa.

2

予想外の雨が降ってきました。

Unexpected rain started falling.

Yosou-gai (unexpected) as an adjective.

3

彼の予想はいつも当たります。

His predictions always come true.

Adverb 'itsumo' + verb.

4

予想通り、彼は遅れて来ました。

As expected, he came late.

Yosou-doori (as expected) used as an adverb.

5

どちらのチームが勝つと予想しますか？

Which team do you predict will win?

Quote particle 'to' + yosou suru.

6

私の予想は外れてしまいました。

My prediction ended up being wrong.

Verb 'te shimau' indicating regret.

7

新しいiPhoneの値段を予想しましょう。

Let's predict the price of the new iPhone.

Volitional form 'mashou'.

8

予想よりもずっと安かったです。

It was much cheaper than expected.

Comparison 'yori mo'.

1

来年の景気は良くなると予想されています。

It is predicted that the economy will improve next year.

Passive form 'yosou sarete iru'.

2

予想を上回る数の人が集まりました。

More people gathered than expected.

Yosou o uwamawaru (exceed expectations).

3

データに基づいて将来を予想します。

We predict the future based on data.

Ni motozuite (based on).

4

あなたの予想を聞かせてください。

Please let me hear your prediction.

Causative form 'kikasete'.

5

予想に反して、株価が下がりました。

Contrary to expectations, the stock price fell.

Ni hanshite (contrary to).

6

犯人を予想しながら映画を見ます。

I watch movies while predicting who the culprit is.

Nagara (while doing).

7

それは予想の範囲内です。

That is within the range of expectations.

Yosou no han-nai (within range).

8

予想を立てるのが得意です。

I am good at making predictions.

Yosou o tateru (to make a prediction).

1

市場の動向を正確に予想するのは至難の業だ。

Predicting market trends accurately is a Herculean task.

Formal 'da' ending and 'shinan no waza' idiom.

2

最悪の事態を予想して動くべきです。

We should act while anticipating the worst-case scenario.

Te-form + oku (implied preparation).

3

予想だにしない結末に言葉を失った。

I was speechless at the completely unexpected ending.

Yosou da ni shinai (didn't even imagine).

4

専門家の予想が真っ二つに割れている。

Expert predictions are split right down the middle.

Masshibun ni wareru (split in two).

5

売上目標は、当初の予想を大幅に下回った。

Sales targets fell significantly below the initial predictions.

Oohaba ni shitamawaru (fall significantly below).

6

過去の事例から、ある程度の予想はつく。

Based on past cases, we can make some level of prediction.

Yosou ga tsuku (can form a prediction).

7

この新製品は、爆発的なヒットになると予想される。

This new product is expected to be an explosive hit.

Formal passive 'yosou sareru'.

8

予想を裏切る展開に観客は熱狂した。

The audience went wild at the plot twist that betrayed expectations.

Yosou o uragiru (betray expectations).

1

不確定要素が多く、今後の展開を予想するのは極めて困難である。

There are many uncertain factors, making it extremely difficult to predict future developments.

Formal 'de aru' and 'kiwamete' (extremely).

2

彼の行動は常に周囲の予想の斜め上を行く。

His actions always go far beyond (diagonally above) everyone's expectations.

Naname ue o iku (slangy but sophisticated idiom).

3

経済学者の間でも、インフレの収束時期については予想が分かれている。

Even among economists, predictions differ regarding when inflation will subside.

Noun + ni tsuite wa (regarding).

4

その事件は、社会に予想以上の衝撃を与えた。

That incident gave the society a shock greater than anticipated.

Yosou ijou (more than expected).

5

綿密な調査により、リスクをある程度予想することが可能となった。

Through meticulous investigation, it became possible to predict risks to some extent.

Kanou to natta (became possible).

6

誰もが予想し得なかった奇跡が起きた。

A miracle occurred that no one could have possibly predicted.

Yosou shi-enakatta (could not possibly predict).

7

楽観的な予想に固執するのは危険だ。

It is dangerous to cling to optimistic predictions.

Ni koshitsu suru (to cling to).

8

その政策の効果は、専門家の予想を遥かに凌駕していた。

The effect of that policy far surpassed the predictions of experts.

Haruka ni ryouga suru (far surpass).

1

蓋然性に基づいた予想は、往々にして直感によって覆される。

Predictions based on probability are often overturned by intuition.

Ou-ou ni shite (often/frequently in formal contexts).

2

未来を予想するという行為自体が、未来を規定してしまうパラドックス。

The very act of predicting the future is a paradox that defines the future itself.

Kitei suru (to define/prescribe).

3

緻密なシミュレーションを重ねても、カオス理論の前では予想は無力だ。

Even with repeated precise simulations, predictions are powerless before chaos theory.

Kasane-te mo (even after repeating).

4

歴史の必然性を予想することは、人間の傲慢かもしれない。

Predicting the inevitability of history might be human arrogance.

Hitsuzen-sei (inevitability).

5

その作家は、読者の予想を鮮やかに裏切る叙述トリックを駆使した。

The author utilized narrative tricks that brilliantly betrayed the reader's expectations.

Kushi suru (to make full use of).

6

事態は我々の予想を遥かに超えた次元で推移している。

The situation is progressing at a dimension far beyond our predictions.

Jigen de suii suru (progressing at a dimension).

7

統計学的な予想の限界を認識することが、真の知性である。

Recognizing the limits of statistical prediction is true intelligence.

Ninshiki suru (to recognize).

8

不測の事態に備えることは、精度の高い予想を立てることと同義ではない。

Preparing for unforeseen circumstances is not synonymous with making highly accurate predictions.

Dougi de wa nai (not synonymous).

تلازمات شائعة

予想を立てる (make a prediction)
予想が当たる (prediction comes true)
予想が外れる (prediction is wrong)
予想を上回る (exceed expectations)
予想を下回る (fall below expectations)
予想に反する (contrary to expectations)
予想通り (as expected)
予想外 (unexpected)
天気予想 (weather prediction)
的中させる (to hit the prediction perfectly)

العبارات الشائعة

予想がつかない (cannot predict/have no idea)
予想の範囲内 (within expectations)
当初の予想 (initial prediction)
予想を裏切る (to betray expectations)
予想を遥かに超える (to far exceed expectations)
厳しい予想 (harsh/pessimistic prediction)
楽観的な予想 (optimistic prediction)
予想を的中させる (to nail a prediction)
大方の予想 (general prediction/consensus)
予想だにしない (not even imagined)

يُخلط عادةً مع

予想 vs 予定 (yotei)

Yotei is a plan; Yosou is a guess.

予想 vs 予測 (yosoku)

Yosoku is more technical/scientific.

予想 vs 予報 (yohou)

Yohou is for official announcements like weather.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"予想の斜め上を行く (to go far beyond what anyone expected, often in a surprising way)"
"予想だにしない (completely unexpected/couldn't even dream of it)"
"当たるも八卦、当たらぬも八卦 (predictions/fortunes may or may not come true; take it with a grain of salt)"
"下手の考え休むに似たり (a poor prediction/thought is as good as doing nothing)"
"捕らぬ狸の皮算用 (counting your chickens before they hatch - related to over-optimistic yosou)"
"明日のことは明日案ぜよ (don't worry about tomorrow's predictions today)"
"一寸先は闇 (the future is unpredictable/darkness one inch ahead)"
"瓢箪から駒 (an unexpected thing happening, often better than the yosou)"
"棚からぼたもち (unexpected good luck/windfall)"
"藪から棒 (out of the blue/unexpected)"

سهل الخلط

予想 vs

予想 vs

予想 vs

予想 vs

予想 vs

أنماط الجُمل

عائلة الكلمة

مرتبط

予約 (reservation)
予算 (budget)
予習 (previewing lessons)
予言 (prophecy)
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كيفية الاستخدام

Note 1

Can be used for both positive and negative predictions.

Note 2

Often implies a binary outcome (right/wrong).

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using 予想 (yosou) for personal intentions.
  • Using 予定 (yotei) for the weather.
  • Forgetting the particle 'to' before 'yosou suru'.
  • Using 'ataru' for a plan (it's for a prediction).
  • Confusing 'yosou' with 'kitai' (hope).

نصائح

Particle Choice

Always use 'to' when predicting a full action like 'I predict he will win'.

Opposites

Learn 'ataru' (hit) and 'hazureru' (miss) together with yosou.

Humility

Saying 'Watashi no yosou de wa...' sounds more humble than 'Zettai ni...' (Definitely).

News

Watch the weather forecast to hear 'yosou saikou kion' every day.

Reports

Use 'yosou o uwamawaru' to describe success in business reports.

Reasoning

Try to follow 'yosou' with 'naze nara...' (because...) to explain your logic.

Yosou vs Yokan

If it's just a 'feeling' in your gut, use 'yokan' instead.

Slang

'Naname ue' is a fun way to say something was totally unpredictable.

Visualizing

The 'Sou' in yosou is the same as in 'Risou' (Ideal) - it's about a mental image.

Don't Mix

Never say 'Ashita no yosou wa kaimono desu' if you mean you plan to shop.

احفظها

أصل الكلمة

السياق الثقافي

TV shows often have 'yosou' segments for upcoming drama endings or sports events.

Companies are legally required to provide '業績予想' (earnings forecasts) in Japan.

Students are taught to make '予想' in science class to develop logical thinking.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"明日の試合、どっちが勝つと予想する？ (Who do you predict will win tomorrow's match?)"

"今年の冬は寒くなるっていう予想らしいよ。 (I heard the prediction is that this winter will be cold.)"

"テストの結果、どう予想してる？ (How are you predicting your test results will be?)"

"予想外の出来事って最近あった？ (Have you had any unexpected events recently?)"

"君の予想はいつも当たるね！ (Your predictions always come true, don't they!)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日の予想外の出来事を書いてください。 (Write about an unexpected event from today.)

10年後の自分を予想してみましょう。 (Try predicting yourself 10 years from now.)

最近のニュースで、予想が外れたことはありますか？ (Is there anything in recent news where the prediction was wrong?)

あなたの「予想」が当たった時の気持ちを書いてください。 (Write about how you felt when your prediction came true.)

明日のスケジュールと、実際にどうなるかの予想を書いてください。 (Write tomorrow's schedule and your prediction of how it will actually go.)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, use 予定 (yotei) for things you have decided to do.

予想 is general; 予測 is more data-driven and technical.

Yes, it is a standard word used in all levels of politeness.

Use '予想外' (yosou-gai).

Yes: '私の予想は雨です' (Watashi no yosou wa ame desu).

You can say 'yosou shite ita' (I had predicted).

Usually 'o' for objects or 'to' for clauses.

Yes, for hypotheses or expected results.

Usually no, use 'suisoku' (guess) or 'omou' (think).

It means 'just as predicted' or 'as expected'.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات

اختبر نفسك 180 أسئلة

/ 180 correct

Perfect score!

سجّل مجاناً للتدريب

محتوى ذو صلة

هل كان هذا مفيداً؟

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