ما تحتاجه هو... (جمل الوصل للتأكيد)
Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds
Wh-clefts move the most important information to the end of the sentence to create dramatic emphasis or clarity.
- Start with 'What' + a clause to set the scene: 'What I love...'
- Follow with the verb 'is' or 'was' as a bridge.
- End with the 'Focus'—the specific thing you want to highlight: '...is coffee.'
نظرة عامة
Wh-Clefts أو الجمل الانشقاقية التي تبدأ بأدوات الاستفهام.I need a solution (أحتاج حلاً)، وهي جملة عادية ومباشرة، تقول: What I need is a solution (ما أحتاجه هو حل). هل لاحظت الفرق؟ في الجملة الثانية، قمت بـ «شق» الجملة إلى نصفين لتسلط الضوء بشكل مبهر على كلمة solution.Wh-Clefts على إعادة تنظيم المعلومات في الجملة لتحويل جزء منها إلى «مبتدأ» ممتد وجزء آخر إلى «خبر» هو بؤرة التركيز. في القواعد الإنجليزية، نقوم بتحويل الجملة البسيطة (SVO) إلى جملة معقدة تتكون من Wh-clause (جملة اسمية تبدأ بـ Wh) تعمل كفاعل، متبوعة بفعل المساعد be (am/is/are/was/were)، ثم العنصر الذي نريد التأكيد عليه.What-clause في الإنجليزية.I want peace. | What I want is peace. | ما أريده هو السلام / الذي أريده هو السلام. |She hates lying. | What she hates is lying. | ما تكرهه هو الكذب. |They need time. | What they need is time. | ما يحتاجونه هو الوقت. |What يمثل سياقاً يعرفه المستمع أو يتوقعه، بينما الجزء الذي يأتي بعد فعل be هو «المفاجأة» أو المعلومة الأهم التي تريد إيصالها. هذا الترتيب يمنح المستمع وقتاً للاستعداد ذهنياً لاستقبال المعلومة الجوهرية.be يجب أن يتوافق مع الزمن ومع العنصر «المُركز عليه» (Focused Element).Wh-word + Subject + Verb + be + Focused Element- مثال:
What you need is a good rest. - هنا
What you needهي الفاعل (Subject Clause)، وisهو الرابط، وa good restهو الخبر المؤكد عليه.
do داخل جملة الـ Wh.- الصيغة:
What+Subject+do/does/did+be+Infinitive (with or without 'to') - مثال:
What he did was (to) resign immediately. - لاحظ: يمكنك استخدام
toأو حذفها، لكن في اللغة الحديثة غالباً ما تُحذف.
What:What هي الأكثر شيوعاً، إلا أننا نستخدم أدوات أخرى بضوابط معينة:- المكان (
Where):Where we stayed was a small boutique hotel. - الزمان (
When):When I feel happiest is on Friday mornings.(لاحظ أن استخدامWhenوWhereفي الـCleftsأقل شيوعاً منWhatوغالباً ما نفضل استخدامThe place where...أوThe time when...). - السبب (
Why):Why I'm telling you this is because I trust you.
What ... do | الفعل (Action) | What I did was call the manager. |What ... happen | حدث مفاجئ | What happened was that the car broke down. |Why | السبب (Reason) | Why she left remains a mystery. (هنا تعمل كفاعل مباشر) |Wh-Clefts عشوائياً. استخدمها في الحالات التالية لتبدو بليغاً ومقنعاً:- الشخص أ:
I heard you're moving to London. - أنت:
No, what I said was that I'm visiting London.
said).What worries me is the lack of communication.(ما يقلقني هو...)- هذه الجملة أقوى بكثير من
The lack of communication worries meلأنها تبدأ بتمهيد للمستمع بأن هناك «شيئاً ما» يقلقك، مما يجعله ينصت بتركيز أكبر.
What we've learned today is that consistency is key.- في الثقافة العربية، نحب الجمل الختامية القوية التي تلخص الحكمة، و
Wh-Cleftsهي الأداة المثالية لذلك في الإنجليزية.
What happened next was completely unexpected...- أنت هنا تجذب انتباه الجميع قبل كشف الحقيقة.
is/are (The Omission of 'be'):What I need a break (خطأ).- الصواب:
What I need IS a break. - لماذا نخطئ؟ لأننا نترجم ذهنياً «ما أحتاجه إجازة»، فننسى أن الإنجليزية «تتطلب» فعلاً في كل جملة.
What و Who:Who عادةً في بداية جمل الـ Cleft بنفس حرية What.- خطأ شائع:
Who told me was Ahmed. - الصواب:
The person who told me was Ahmedأو استخدامIt-cleft:It was Ahmed who told me. - ملاحظة خبيرة: رغم أنك قد تسمع
Who... is...في بعض اللهجات، إلا أنها في الكتابة الأكاديمية والمستوى C1 تعتبر غير دقيقة. التزم بـWhatللأشياء والأفعال، واستخدمThe person whoللناس.
is أم are؟- مثال:
What I need (is/are) more resources. - القاعدة: إذا كنت تعتبر
more resourcesكمجموعة واحدة أو فكرة واحدة، استخدمis. إذا كنت تؤكد على التعدد، استخدمare. لكن في الغالبية العظمى من الحالات، يميل المتحدثون الأصليون لاستخدامisلأن جملةWhatتُعامل ككتلة واحدة مفردة. ومع ذلك، في المستوى المتقدم، يفضل استخدامareإذا كان ما بعدها جمعاً صريحاً:What I want are those blue shoes.
Wh-Clefts وبين It-Clefts (التي تبدأ بـ It is...). كلاهما للتوكيد، لكن السياق يختلف.What I need is...) | It-Clefts (It is ... that I need) |The person who). | شائعة جداً ومثالية (It was Ali who...). |- 1
What I love about Ramadan is the family gatherings.(تركز على جمال التجمعات كجزء من تجربة رمضان). - 2
It is the family gatherings that I love most about Ramadan.(تؤكد أن التجمعات «تحديداً» هي ما تحبه، وليس الطعام أو المسلسلات مثلاً).
Which بدلاً من What؟Which لا تستخدم في بداية جمل الـ Cleft. نستخدم What للعموم. يمكنك استخدام The one which... إذا كنت تشير لشيء محدد تم ذكره مسبقاً، مثل: The one which I bought was cheaper.Wh-Cleft رسمية أم غير رسمية؟When؟When I arrived was at midnight تبدو ركيكة قليلاً. الأفضل في المستوى المتقدم أن تقول: The time (when) I arrived was midnight. أو استخدم It-cleft: It was at midnight that I arrived.Wh-Clefts ليس مجرد حفظ قاعدة، بل هو «فن ترتيب الأفكار». في المرة القادمة التي تتحدث فيها بالإنجليزية، لا تكتفِ بالجمل البسيطة. توقف قليلاً، وفكر: «ما هي الكلمة التي أريد أن يسمعها زميلي بوضوح؟».What we achieved was.... إذا كانت «الصدق»، فابدأ بـ What I value is honesty.Structure of a Wh-Cleft
| Wh-Clause (Subject) | Linking Verb | Focus (Object/Complement) |
|---|---|---|
|
What I need
|
is
|
a break
|
|
What she said
|
was
|
hilarious
|
|
What we want
|
is
|
to help
|
|
What happened
|
was
|
that the car broke down
|
|
What I love
|
is
|
walking in the rain
|
|
What they bought
|
were
|
three new houses (Formal)
|
|
What they bought
|
is
|
three new houses (Informal)
|
Contractions in Wh-Clefts
| Full Form | Contracted Form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
|
What I need is...
|
What I need's...
|
Very informal speech
|
|
What happened was...
|
N/A
|
Rarely contracted
|
|
What it is is...
|
What it is's...
|
Dialectal/Informal
|
Meanings
A sentence structure used to focus on specific information by placing it after a 'What' clause and the verb 'to be'.
Emphasizing a Noun
Highlighting a specific object or person that is the focus of a desire, need, or action.
“What I really want for my birthday is a new laptop.”
“What she needs most right now is some peace and quiet.”
Emphasizing an Action
Focusing on a specific verb or activity, often using 'do/did' in the wh-clause.
“What I did was call the police immediately.”
“What you should do is talk to your manager.”
Correcting Information
Using the structure to contrast a previous statement or correct a misunderstanding.
“No, what I said was 'Tuesday', not 'Thursday'.”
“What I meant was that the project is delayed, not cancelled.”
Reference Table
| كلمة الاستفهام | مثال الجملة الفرعية | المعلومة المؤكدة | مثال الـ Wh-Cleft الكامل | نوع التأكيد |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
What
|
I need
|
more sleep
|
What I need is more sleep.
|
Object/Idea
|
|
What
|
she does
|
teach yoga
|
What she does is teach yoga.
|
Action
|
|
Where
|
we met
|
at the coffee shop
|
Where we met was at the coffee shop.
|
Place
|
|
Why
|
he quit
|
because of stress
|
Why he quit was because of stress.
|
Reason
|
|
Who
|
wrote the song
|
Taylor Swift
|
Who wrote the song was Taylor Swift.
|
Person
|
|
How
|
you fix it
|
by restarting the computer
|
How you fix it is by restarting the computer.
|
Manner
|
|
What
|
they wanted
|
a new challenge
|
What they wanted was a new challenge.
|
Object/Idea
|
طيف الرسمية
What is required is additional funding. (Financial request)
What I need is more money. (Financial request)
What I'm after is some extra cash. (Financial request)
What I gotta have is more dough. (Financial request)
أمثلة حسب المستوى
What I like is tea.
What I want is a dog.
What he needs is water.
What she has is a pen.
What I need is a new phone.
What we saw was a big bird.
What they did was very nice.
What I don't like is rain.
What I meant was that I'm busy.
What happened was that I lost my keys.
What you should do is call her.
What I find difficult is the grammar.
What the government should do is lower taxes.
What I'm trying to say is that we need more time.
What surprised me most was his reaction.
What we are looking for is a creative solution.
What remains to be seen is whether the plan will work.
What I find particularly striking is the use of color.
What the data suggests is a significant shift in behavior.
What he failed to realize was the gravity of the situation.
What is perhaps most intriguing about this theory is its simplicity.
What the author is essentially grappling with is the nature of identity.
What we are witnessing is nothing short of a revolution.
What I would argue, however, is that the evidence is inconclusive.
سهل الخلط
Learners often don't know when to use 'It is...' vs 'What is...'.
Learners confuse 'What' with 'Which' or 'That'.
أخطاء شائعة
That I want is water.
What I want is water.
What I like it is pizza.
What I like is pizza.
What I need are a pen.
What I need is a pen.
What I want was a car.
What I want is a car.
What happened it was a mistake.
What happened was a mistake.
What I did was called him.
What I did was call him.
What we need are more time.
What we need is more time.
What is important are the results.
What is important is the results.
أنماط الجُمل
What I ___ is ___.
What happened was that ___.
What ___ is trying to say is that ___.
Real World Usage
What I can offer your company is a unique perspective.
What you don't understand is that I'm trying to help!
What we're going to see on the next slide is the growth chart.
What I meant was I'll be there at 8, not 7.
What this evidence suggests is a need for further research.
What I can do for you is offer a full refund.
استخدم 'What' بكثرة
What I want is a new phone.
تجنب الإفراط في استخدام الـ Wh-clefts
انتبه لتوافق الفعل بعناية
What I need is a break.(لأن 'a break' مفرد، مش 'I').
تحدث الإنجليزية بطلاقة أكبر
استخدم 'do/does/did' للأفعال
What she does is bake delicious cakes.(مش 'What she bakes is delicious cakes').
Smart Tips
Start your sentence with 'What we need to focus on is...' instead of 'We should focus on...'.
Use 'What I meant was...' to soften the correction and make it clearer.
Use a wh-cleft to introduce your most important finding.
Use 'What I love/hate is...' to make your opinion stand out.
النطق
Stress on the Focus
The most important word in the 'Focus' part of the sentence usually receives the strongest stress.
Pause after the Wh-clause
There is often a slight micro-pause after the wh-clause to build anticipation.
Rising-Falling
What I need (rising) is a break (falling).
Conveys a sense of completion and emphasis.
احفظها
وسيلة تذكّر
W.I.F.E: What-clause, Is/was, Focus, Emphasis.
ربط بصري
Imagine a spotlight on a dark stage. The 'What' clause is the dark stage, and the 'Focus' is the person who suddenly appears when the spotlight (the verb 'is') turns on.
Rhyme
Start with 'What' to set the scene, use 'is' to show what you mean!
Story
A detective is explaining a crime. He doesn't just say 'The butler did it.' He says, 'What happened was... the butler did it!' This makes the reveal much more dramatic.
Word Web
تحدٍّ
Write down three things you need right now using the 'What I need is...' structure.
ملاحظات ثقافية
In some British dialects, you might hear 'What it is, is...' used as a filler or to start an explanation.
Wh-clefts are very common in American political rhetoric to sound more decisive and clear.
Using wh-clefts is a sign of high-level academic writing, helping to define research questions clearly.
The use of 'what' as a fused relative pronoun dates back to Old English, where 'hwæt' could mean 'that which'.
بدايات محادثة
What is the one thing you can't live without?
What would you say is your greatest strength?
What do you think is the biggest challenge for our generation?
مواضيع للكتابة اليومية
أخطاء شائعة
Test Yourself
What I love about this city ___ its vibrant nightlife.
Find and fix the mistake:
What he needs are a new perspective.
Arrange the words in the correct order:
All words placed
Click words above to build the sentence
Score: /3
تمارين تطبيقية
8 exercisesWhat I really need ___ a cup of coffee.
Find and fix the mistake:
That I want is to go home.
I love her sense of humor.
___ is my ability to work under pressure.
What we need are more volunteers.
A: Did you say you were quitting? B: No, ___ was that I was taking a break.
is / what / most / important / honesty
1. I need help. 2. I forgot my keys. 3. I love pizza.
Score: /8
Practice Bank
12 exercisesWhere I want to travel next ___ Japan.
What she said were total nonsense.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Lo que realmente me molesta es el ruido de la construcción.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Why he resigned ___ still a mystery to us.
What makes a great coffee are the quality of the beans.
Choose the correct sentence:
Translate into English: 'Lo que necesito es un poco de paz y tranquilidad.'
Arrange these words into a sentence:
Match the beginnings with the correct endings:
Score: /12
الأسئلة الشائعة (8)
Usually, no. Instead of 'Who I need is you', we say 'The person I need is you'. 'What' is much more common for things and general situations.
Yes, the linking verb is almost always a form of 'to be'. You can use modals like 'What you need might be a rest', but 'is/was' are the standard.
It is both! It's very common in casual speech ('What I want is pizza') and in very formal academic writing ('What the data indicates is...').
In formal writing, yes: 'What we need are more resources.' In speech, most people just use 'is'.
It's just flipping the sentence: 'A coffee is what I need.' It's slightly less emphatic than the standard wh-cleft.
Yes, but they are less common. 'Where I want to go is Hawaii' is okay, but 'The place I want to go is Hawaii' is more natural.
We use 'do' to focus on an action. It allows us to put the main verb at the very end of the sentence for emphasis.
No. The 'What' clause is the subject, so adding 'it' is redundant and incorrect.
Scaffolded Practice
1
2
3
4
Mastery Progress
Needs Practice
Improving
Strong
Mastered
In Other Languages
Lo que... es...
Spanish requires the article 'Lo'.
Ce que... c'est...
French often uses a double 'ce' (Ce que... c'est...).
Was... ist...
Verb agreement rules are stricter in German.
...no wa... desu
Japanese is a verb-final language, so the structure feels different.
Al-ladhi... huwa...
Arabic uses a personal pronoun as the 'bridge' instead of just a verb.
...de shi...
Chinese doesn't have a specific 'What' word for this; it uses the general nominalizer.
Learning Path
Prerequisites
فيديوهات ذات صلة
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