هذه الصفحة بلغتك

English

فارسی

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

A2 verb #1,200 الأكثر شيوعاً 13 دقيقة للقراءة

立つ

tatsu الأكثر شيوعاً #1,200

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 立つ في 30 ثانية

الشرح 立つ in your Level:

At the A1 level, '立つ' (tatsu) is introduced as a basic action verb meaning 'to stand.' Learners first encounter it in simple commands or descriptions of daily life. For example, 'Please stand up' (立ってください - Tatte kudasai) is a common classroom instruction. At this stage, the focus is on the physical act of standing as opposed to sitting (座る - suwaru). You will learn the dictionary form 'tatsu' and the polite form 'tachimasu.' You might also use it to describe where someone is, like 'standing in front of the station' (駅の前に立ちます - Eki no mae ni tachimasu). The grammar is kept simple, usually involving the subject particle 'ga' or the topic particle 'wa,' and the location particle 'ni.' The goal for A1 learners is to recognize the word in context and use it for basic physical descriptions. You should also start to recognize the kanji '立,' which is one of the first 100 kanji taught in many programs. It looks like a person standing on a line, which helps with memorization. Simple sentences like 'I stand' or 'He stands' are the building blocks here. You don't need to worry about idiomatic uses yet; just focus on the physical movement and the basic conjugation into the 'te-form' for requests.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, your understanding of '立つ' (tatsu) expands to include more varied contexts and common idiomatic expressions. You will start using it to describe standing in line (列に立つ - retsu ni tatsu) or standing in a specific spot for a duration of time. This is where you introduce the '~te iru' form to describe a continuous state: 'He is standing over there' (彼はあそこに立っています - Kare wa asoko ni tatte imasu). A very important phrase introduced at this level is '役に立つ' (yaku ni tatsu), which means 'to be useful.' This is a vital expression for daily conversation. You will also learn to use 'tatsu' with natural phenomena in a basic way, such as 'smoke rising' (煙が立つ - kemuri ga tatsu). Grammatically, you'll become more comfortable with the different conjugations, including the negative 'tatanai' and the past tense 'tatta.' You might also encounter the potential form 'tateru' (can stand), though it's less common than the basic forms. The focus at A2 is on practical, everyday communication—asking for directions where someone is standing, describing a crowded train where you had to stand, or thanking someone for 'useful' advice. You are moving from simple actions to describing states and basic utility.

By the B1 level, you are expected to use '立つ' (tatsu) in more complex sentence structures and understand its role in compound verbs. You will learn '立ち上がる' (tachi-agaru - to stand up/rise up), which is more specific than just 'tatsu.' You'll also encounter '目立つ' (me-datsu - to stand out/be conspicuous). At this level, you should be able to use 'tatsu' to describe social or professional positions, such as 'standing in a difficult position' (苦しい立場に立つ - kurushii tachi-ba ni tatsu). The distinction between the physical 'tatsu' (立) and the temporal 'tatsu' (経つ - time passes) becomes important here, as you'll be using both in conversation and writing. You will also start to see 'tatsu' in more formal contexts, such as news reports or literature, where it might describe waves rising (波が立つ) or rumors spreading (噂が立つ). Your grammatical range will include using 'tatsu' in conditional sentences ('If you stand here...') and in passive or causative forms, though they are rarer for this specific verb. The key at B1 is nuance—choosing 'tatsu' vs. 'tachi-agaru' and understanding how the verb functions as a component of larger ideas. You are also expected to handle the honorific 'o-tachi ni naru' in polite situations.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B2 level, '立つ' (tatsu) is used with a high degree of precision and idiomatic richness. You will understand and use abstract expressions like 'standing on the stage of history' or 'standing at a crossroads in life' (人生の岐路に立つ - jinsei no kiro ni tatsu). You will be comfortable with various compound verbs like '立ち寄る' (tachi-yoru - to drop by) or '立ち向かう' (tachi-mukau - to face/confront). At this stage, you can appreciate the literary use of 'tatsu' to create atmosphere, such as describing the 'standing' of a chill in the air (寒気が立つ). You will also master the use of 'tatsu' in business contexts, such as 'standing in the way of progress' or 'standing firm on a policy.' Your ability to distinguish between 'tatsu' and its transitive counterpart 'tateru' (to set up/establish) should be flawless. You will also encounter 'tatsu' in more complex grammatical constructions, such as nominalized forms (立ち振る舞い - tachi-furumai, meaning behavior or bearing). The B2 learner uses 'tatsu' not just as a verb of motion, but as a tool to describe existence, manifestation, and social dynamics. You can discuss the nuances of why a rumor 'stands' rather than 'spreads' and how that reflects the Japanese worldview of phenomena appearing in a space.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C1 level, you have a deep, intuitive grasp of '立つ' (tatsu) and its myriad of subtle applications. You can use it in highly formal or archaic contexts, such as 'standing' as a candidate in an election (立候補する - rikkouho suru, which contains the root '立'). You understand the nuances of 'tatsu' in classical literature or high-level journalism, where it might describe the 'standing' of a scent (香りが立つ) or the 'standing' of a sharp edge (刃が立つ). You are also familiar with obscure idioms and proverbs involving the word, such as 'standing on one's own two feet' (独り立ちする - hitoridachi suru) in a psychological or financial sense. Your use of the verb is fluid, and you can switch between literal and metaphorical meanings without hesitation. You also understand the cultural significance of 'standing' in Japanese etiquette, such as the 'standing' of a tea whisk in a tea ceremony or the 'standing' of a person's reputation. At C1, you are not just learning the word; you are mastering the cultural and conceptual framework that allows 'tatsu' to represent everything from physical posture to the very emergence of reality. You can also analyze the differences between 'tatsu' and related kanji-based verbs in academic or professional discussions.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, your mastery of '立つ' (tatsu) is equivalent to that of a highly educated native speaker. You can appreciate and use the verb in its most poetic and philosophical forms. You might encounter it in Zen Buddhist texts or classical poetry (Waka/Haiku), where 'standing' represents a state of being or a moment of enlightenment. You understand the historical evolution of the word and its kanji, and how it relates to other concepts in the Japonic language family. You can use 'tatsu' to describe the 'standing' of a theory in a scientific paper or the 'standing' of a legal precedent. Your vocabulary includes rare compounds and specialized terminology that use '立' as a prefix or suffix. You can discuss the subtle differences in meaning when 'tatsu' is used in different dialects or historical periods. For a C2 learner, 'tatsu' is a versatile instrument that can be used to express the finest shades of meaning, from the literal rising of a mist over a mountain to the metaphorical standing of a nation's resolve. You have complete control over the verb's register, from the roughest slang to the most refined honorifics, and you can use it to craft sophisticated and evocative Japanese prose.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

立つ في 30 ثانية

立つ (tatsu) primarily means to stand or rise physically, such as standing in a line or rising from a chair, and is a basic A1-A2 verb.
It extends to natural phenomena like smoke rising (kemuri ga tatsu) or waves forming (nami ga tatsu), indicating something becoming visible or prominent.
The word is central to the common idiom 'yaku ni tatsu' (役に立つ), which means 'to be useful' or 'to be helpful' in daily life.
Grammatically, it is an intransitive verb, meaning the subject does the action itself, and it conjugates as a standard Godan (u-verb) in Japanese.

The Japanese verb 立つ (tatsu) is a foundational word in the Japanese language, primarily meaning 'to stand' or 'to rise.' At its most basic level, it describes the physical action of a person or animal moving from a sitting or lying position to an upright one, or simply remaining in that upright position. However, the depth of this verb extends far beyond mere physical posture. In Japanese thought, 'standing' is often associated with the initiation of an action, the establishment of a state, or the manifestation of a phenomenon. For instance, when smoke rises into the air, the Japanese say kemuri ga tatsu. When waves swell in the ocean, it is nami ga tatsu. This versatility makes it one of the most frequently used verbs in both daily conversation and formal literature. It is categorized as a Godan verb (u-verb), which means its conjugation follows a specific five-step pattern that learners must master early on.

Physical Posture: The most common use is to describe someone standing up from a chair or standing in a specific location, such as a bus stop or a street corner.
Natural Phenomena: Used for things that 'rise' or 'appear' vertically, such as smoke, dust, bubbles in a drink, or waves on the sea.
Abstract Existence: It can refer to plans being made (keikaku ga tatsu) or rumors spreading (uwasa ga tatsu), indicating the 'standing up' or emergence of an idea or social situation.

電車の中でずっと立っていました。(I was standing the whole time in the train.)

Understanding the nuances of tatsu requires looking at the kanji character 立. This pictograph represents a person standing firmly on the ground. This visual representation is key to understanding why the word carries a sense of stability and presence. When you 'stand' in a Japanese context, you are not just occupying space; you are often fulfilling a role or taking a stance. This is why we see the word in expressions like yaku ni tatsu (to be useful, literally 'to stand in use'). The word also appears in seasonal contexts, such as risshun (the beginning of spring), where the 'standing' signifies the start or establishment of a new season. For a learner, mastering tatsu is a gateway to understanding how Japanese speakers conceptualize the transition from potentiality to actuality.

台所に立つ。(To stand in the kitchen / To cook.)

In social settings, tatsu can also imply a sense of duty. For example, 'standing in the kitchen' often implies the act of preparing a meal, not just the physical act of being there. Similarly, 'standing on the stage' (butai ni tatsu) means to perform. This verb is deeply embedded in the Japanese lifestyle, from the etiquette of standing on a train to the metaphorical 'standing' of one's reputation in society. It is a word that bridges the gap between the physical world and the social/metaphorical world seamlessly. As you progress in your Japanese studies, you will find tatsu appearing in various compound verbs like tachi-agaru (to stand up) or me-datsu (to stand out/be conspicuous), further expanding its utility in your vocabulary.

彼はクラスで目立つ存在だ。(He is a conspicuous presence in the class.)

Conjugation Note: Tatsu (Dictionary) -> Tatanai (Negative) -> Tachimasu (Polite) -> Tatte (Te-form) -> Tatta (Past).

Using 立つ (tatsu) correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as an intransitive verb. This means it does not take a direct object (you don't 'stand something,' you just 'stand'). Instead, it focuses on the subject's state or action. The most basic sentence structure is [Subject] が [Location] に立つ. The particle に (ni) is crucial here as it indicates the point of contact or the specific location where the standing occurs. For example, kousaten ni tatsu means 'to stand at the intersection.' If you are describing the action of standing up from a seated position, you might use the te-form in combination with other verbs, such as tatte kudasai (please stand up).

Basic Action: Used for simple physical movement. Example: 'I stood up because the teacher entered the room.'
Describing States: Used to describe a continuous state of standing using the ~te iru form. Example: 'The statue has been standing here for 100 years.'
Metaphorical Use: Used in idioms like 'yaku ni tatsu' (to be useful). Example: 'This book was very useful for my studies.'

名前を呼ばれたら、立って返事をしてください。(When your name is called, please stand and answer.)

One of the more complex aspects for learners is the use of tatsu with natural elements. When you say nami ga tatsu, you are describing waves rising or forming. This is different from the English 'waves are high.' It implies the process of them coming into existence or becoming prominent. Similarly, hokori ga tatsu (dust rises) describes the action of dust being kicked up into the air. In these cases, the subject is always the thing that is rising or standing. Another common pattern is the use of tatsu to describe a person's position or role in a situation. Yarai no saki ni tatsu (to stand at the forefront) implies leadership or being the first to face a challenge. This metaphorical 'standing' is very common in professional and literary Japanese.

彼は苦しい立場に立っている。(He is standing in a difficult position/situation.)

Furthermore, tatsu is used to describe the passage of time, though it is usually written with the kanji 経つ. While the kanji is different, the phonetic root is the same, suggesting a conceptual link between the 'standing up' of a moment and its progression. In spoken Japanese, if someone says jikan ga tatsu, they mean 'time passes.' For the physical 'stand,' however, always stick to 立つ. In polite Japanese, tatsu becomes tachimasu. In humble or honorific speech, you might encounter o-tachi ni naru (honorific) or simply use more specific verbs like tachi-agaru to be more descriptive. Mastering these variations allows you to navigate different social contexts with ease, whether you are in a classroom, a business meeting, or a casual gathering with friends.

この辞書はとても役に立ちます。(This dictionary is very useful.)

Common Particle Usage: [Location] + に + 立つ (Stand at/in a place). [Purpose] + のために + 立つ (Stand for a purpose).

You will encounter 立つ (tatsu) in almost every corner of Japanese life. One of the most common places is the Japanese railway system. Announcements often remind passengers to stand behind the yellow line: kiiroi sen no uchigawa made o-sagari kudasai (please step back inside the yellow line), but the concept of 'standing' (tatsu) is inherent in the instructions for boarding and waiting. On the train itself, you'll often hear people say zutto tatteita (I was standing the whole time) because seats were full. This is a very common experience in major cities like Tokyo or Osaka. In schools, the command kiritsu (stand up) is used at the beginning and end of every class, which is the formal, Sino-Japanese version of tatsu.

Public Transport: Hearing people discuss how they had to stand because the bus or train was crowded.
Kitchen and Home: Mothers or fathers saying 'daidokoro ni tatsu' to mean they are going to start cooking dinner.
Business Meetings: Discussing whether a plan is 'standing' (feasible) or if someone is 'standing' in a leadership position.

白線の後ろに立ってお待ちください。(Please wait while standing behind the white line.)

In the world of sports and competition, tatsu is used to describe rankings or standings. When a team is in a certain position in the league, the word juni (rank) is used, but the act of 'standing' on the podium is hyoushoudai ni tatsu. This carries a heavy emotional weight, representing victory and achievement. You'll also hear it in weather reports or nature documentaries. Phrases like nami ga takaku tatteimasu (waves are rising high) warn people of dangerous sea conditions. In a more casual setting, friends might use it when talking about rumors: hen na uwasa ga tatteiru yo (a strange rumor is 'standing'/circulating). This shows how the word moves from the physical to the social realm effortlessly.

彼はついにプロの舞台に立ちました。(He finally stood on the professional stage.)

Another interesting place you'll hear tatsu is in the kitchen. The phrase daidokoro ni tatsu (to stand in the kitchen) is a common idiom for 'to cook.' If someone says, 'I stand in the kitchen every day,' they are telling you they do the cooking for the household. This reflects the physical reality of traditional Japanese cooking, which involves standing at a counter. Similarly, in business, yaku ni tatsu (to be useful) is perhaps one of the most common phrases you will hear. Whether it's a tool, a piece of advice, or a person's help, if it 'stands in use,' it is valuable. Listening for these idiomatic uses will greatly improve your comprehension of natural Japanese speech.

今日は風が強くて、砂埃が立っている。(The wind is strong today, and dust is rising.)

Daily Life Contexts: Waiting in line (retsu ni tatsu), standing in the rain (ame no naka ni tatsu), or standing on a chair (isu no ue ni tatsu).

One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with 立つ (tatsu) is confusing it with its transitive counterpart, 立てる (tateru). In English, 'stand' can be both intransitive ('I stand up') and transitive ('I stand the ladder against the wall'). In Japanese, these are strictly separated. Tatsu is only for the subject itself standing. If you want to make something else stand up, you must use tateru. For example, saying bo ga tatsu means 'the pole stands,' while bo o tateru means 'I stand the pole up.' Mixing these up is a common pitfall for beginners and can lead to confusing sentences.

Transitive vs. Intransitive: Mistake: Using 'tatsu' when you mean you are setting something upright. Correct: Use 'tateru' for objects you control.
Particle Confusion: Mistake: Using 'o' (object particle) with 'tatsu'. Correct: Use 'ga' for the subject or 'ni' for the location.
Kanji Confusion: Mistake: Using '立' when you mean 'time passes'. Correct: Use '経' for time (though they sound the same).

× 傘を立つ。 (Incorrect: Stand the umbrella.)
○ 傘を立てる。 (Correct: Set the umbrella upright.)

Another common error involves the use of particles. Because 'stand' often involves a location, learners sometimes use de instead of ni. While de is used for the location of an action (like 'running in the park'), ni is used for the location of existence or the result of a movement. Since 'standing' is often viewed as a state of being in a spot, ni is the standard choice: koko ni tatsu (stand here). However, if you are performing a specific action while standing, de might be used, but this is a nuance that often trips up A2-level learners. It is safer to stick with ni for the location where someone is positioned.

× 椅子に立つ。 (Could mean standing near the chair.)
○ 椅子の上に立つ。 (Standing on top of the chair.)

Lastly, be careful with the te-form. To say 'please stand up,' the most natural way is tatte kudasai. Some learners mistakenly use okite kudasai, but okiru means 'to wake up' or 'to get out of bed.' While 'get up' in English covers both, Japanese is more specific. Similarly, tatsu is for the act of being upright, while tachi-agaru is the specific motion of rising from a seated position. Using tatsu when you specifically mean the 'rising' action can sometimes feel a bit static, though it is not technically wrong. Pay attention to these subtle differences to sound more like a native speaker.

× 10分立ちました。 (When meaning time passed.)
○ 10分経ちました。 (Correct kanji for time passing.)

Common Confusion: Tatsu vs. Okiru: Tatsu: To be in a vertical position. Okiru: To wake up or to move from lying down to sitting/standing.

While 立つ (tatsu) is the general word for 'to stand,' Japanese offers several alternatives that provide more specific meaning or different levels of formality. Understanding these can help you choose the right word for the right situation. For example, 立ち上がる (tachi-agaru) is a compound verb that specifically emphasizes the action of rising from a seated or lying position. While tatsu can mean both 'to be standing' and 'to stand up,' tachi-agaru is much more dynamic and focuses on the movement itself. This is often used in literature or when describing a sudden movement.

立ち上がる (Tachi-agaru): Focuses on the action of rising. Used when someone suddenly stands up to speak or act.
起立する (Kiritsu suru): A formal, Sino-Japanese word used in schools or ceremonies. It is the 'official' command to stand.
聳える (Sobieru): Used for mountains or tall buildings that 'tower' or 'soar' high. It is much more descriptive than 'tatsu'.

彼は椅子から勢いよく立ち上がった。(He stood up vigorously from the chair.)

Another set of similar words involves the metaphorical uses of tatsu. For 'to be useful,' you use yaku ni tatsu, but a more formal alternative is yuuyo de aru (to be useful/effective). However, yaku ni tatsu is so common that it is used in almost all registers of speech. For 'to stand out,' me-datsu is the standard word. If you want to say someone is 'outstanding' in a positive, professional sense, you might use takushite iru (to excel). Comparing these words helps you see that tatsu is the 'plain' or 'neutral' choice, while others add layers of emotion, formality, or specific physical detail.

遠くに高い山が聳えている。(A high mountain towers in the distance.)

In terms of natural phenomena, while tatsu is used for smoke or waves, you might use noboru (to climb/ascend) for the sun or a person climbing a mountain. Noboru implies a continuous upward movement over a distance, whereas tatsu implies the state of being upright or the initial appearance of something rising. For example, kemuri ga tatsu (smoke rises/appears) vs. kemuri ga sora e noboru (smoke ascends into the sky). Choosing between these depends on whether you want to emphasize the 'existence' of the rising object or its 'path' upward. Mastering these distinctions will make your Japanese descriptions much more vivid and accurate.

全員、起立してください。(Everyone, please stand up [formal command].)

Summary of Alternatives: Physical: Tatsu, Tachi-agaru. Formal: Kiritsu. Descriptive: Sobieru. Metaphorical: Me-datsu, Yaku ni tatsu.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The kanji for 'tatsu' (立) is also used in the word for 'beginning of spring' (risshun), because the season is seen as 'standing up' or starting at that point.

دليل النطق

UK /ˈtatsu/

US /ˈtɑtsu/

The pitch accent is typically 'Atamadaka' (Type 1), meaning the first syllable 'ta' is high and 'tsu' drops low.

يتقافى مع

Matsu (to wait) Katsu (to win) Utsu (to hit) Mutsu (six) Kutsu (shoes) Atsu (heat) Natsu (summer) Hatsu (departure)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'tsu' as 'su' (saying 'tatsu' like 'tatsu' but without the 't' sound in the second syllable).
Pronouncing 'ta' like 'tay' instead of a short 'ah' sound.
Failing to drop the pitch on the second syllable.
Confusing the pronunciation with 'tatsu' (dragon), which has a different pitch accent.
Over-emphasizing the 'u' at the end; it is often whispered or very short.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 2/5

The kanji is very simple and taught early. The main difficulty is distinguishing it from '経つ' (time passes).

الكتابة 2/5

The kanji '立' is only 5 strokes and easy to write correctly.

التحدث 3/5

The 'tsu' sound can be tricky for beginners, and the pitch accent must be correct to avoid confusion.

الاستماع 3/5

In fast speech, 'tatsu' can sound like other 'tsu' ending verbs, so context is key.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

人 (hito) - person 足 (ashi) - foot/leg 座る (suwaru) - to sit ここ (koko) - here 行く (iku) - to go

تعلّم لاحقاً

立てる (tateru) - to set up (transitive) 立ち上がる (tachi-agaru) - to stand up 役に立つ (yaku ni tatsu) - to be useful 立場 (tachiba) - position 目立つ (medatsu) - to stand out

متقدم

立脚 (rikkyaku) - based on 建立 (konryuu) - erection of a building 聳える (sobieru) - to tower 凛として立つ (rin to shite tatsu) - to stand with dignity

قواعد يجب معرفتها

Intransitive Verbs (Jidoushi)

煙が立つ (Smoke rises - no direct object).

Te-form for Requests

立ってください (Please stand up).

Te-iru for States

彼はそこに立っています (He is standing there).

Compound Verbs (V-stem + Verb)

立ち上がる (Stand + Rise = Stand up).

Potential Form (Godan)

立てる (Can stand).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

ここに立ってください。

Please stand here.

Uses the te-form + kudasai for a polite request.

私は電車で立ちました。

I stood on the train.

Past tense of tachimasu.

彼はドアの前に立っています。

He is standing in front of the door.

Te-iru form indicates a continuous state.

みんなで立ちましょう。

Let's all stand up.

Mashou form indicates a suggestion or invitation.

立たないでください。

Please do not stand up.

Negative te-form + kudasai for a negative request.

猫がテーブルの上に立った。

The cat stood on the table.

Informal past tense 'tatta'.

立ってもいいですか？

May I stand up?

Te-form + mo ii desu ka for asking permission.

あそこに立っている人は誰ですか？

Who is the person standing over there?

Relative clause: 'tatte iru' modifies 'hito'.

この本はとても役に立ちます。

This book is very useful.

Idiom: yaku ni tatsu (to be useful).

列に並んで立ってください。

Please stand in line.

Combining 'narande' (lining up) and 'tatte' (standing).

台所に立つのが好きです。

I like standing in the kitchen (cooking).

Nominalized verb 'tatsu no' as the object of 'suki'.

山の上に煙が立っています。

Smoke is rising above the mountain.

Natural phenomenon use of 'tatsu'.

足が痛くて立てません。

My legs hurt and I can't stand.

Potential negative form 'tatenai'.

雨の中に立たないで。

Don't stand in the rain.

Informal negative command.

彼はいつも目立つ服を着る。

He always wears clothes that stand out.

Compound verb 'me-datsu' (to stand out).

駅のホームで友達を待って立っていた。

I was standing on the station platform waiting for a friend.

Compound action: waiting and standing.

急に立ち上がると、めまいがすることがある。

If you stand up suddenly, you might get dizzy.

Compound verb 'tachi-agaru' for the action of rising.

彼はクラスの代表として立った。

He stood as the class representative.

Metaphorical 'standing' in a role.

変な噂が立っているので、気をつけて。

A strange rumor is going around, so be careful.

Idiom: 'uwasa ga tatsu' (rumors spread/arise).

海に大きな波が立っている。

Large waves are rising in the sea.

Describing natural phenomena.

自分の足で立つことが大切だ。

It is important to stand on your own two feet.

Idiomatic use for independence.

彼は苦しい立場に立たされた。

He was put in a difficult position.

Causative-passive form 'tatasareta'.

コーヒーのいい香りが立ってきた。

The nice aroma of coffee began to rise.

Metaphorical 'standing' of a scent.

この計画はまだ具体的に立っていない。

This plan hasn't been concretely established yet.

Abstract use for plans/ideas.

彼は常に相手の立場に立って考える。

He always thinks from the other person's perspective.

Idiom: 'tachiba ni tatsu' (to stand in someone's position).

その高い塔は町のどこからでも見えるように立っている。

That tall tower stands so that it can be seen from anywhere in town.

Describing the placement of a structure.

彼女はついに夢だった舞台に立った。

She finally stood on the stage she had dreamed of.

Metaphorical 'standing' on a stage (performing).

不況で多くの企業が苦境に立たされている。

Many companies are being forced into a difficult situation due to the recession.

Causative-passive 'tatasarete iru'.

彼の行動は非常に目立っていた。

His actions were very conspicuous.

Past tense of 'me-datsu'.

風が吹くと、砂埃が激しく立つ。

When the wind blows, dust rises violently.

Natural phenomenon with an adverb.

彼はリーダーとしての矢面に立つ覚悟だ。

He is prepared to stand at the forefront (take the brunt) as a leader.

Idiom: 'yaomote ni tatsu'.

この家は築50年だが、まだしっかり立っている。

This house is 50 years old, but it's still standing firm.

Describing durability and state.

新緑の季節になり、山々に霞が立っている。

The season of fresh greenery has arrived, and mist is rising over the mountains.

Literary use for natural beauty.

彼は次回の選挙に立候補するつもりだ。

He intends to stand as a candidate in the next election.

Compound 'rikkouho' (standing for candidacy).

茶筅を立てる所作には、その人の心が現れる。

The movement of using the tea whisk reveals a person's heart.

Transitive 'tateru' used in a cultural context.

あまりの寒さに鳥肌が立った。

It was so cold that I got goosebumps.

Idiom: 'torihada ga tatsu' (goosebumps 'stand up').

彼の正義感は、多くの人の共感を呼んで立派に立っている。

His sense of justice stands splendidly, evoking sympathy from many.

Metaphorical use for abstract qualities.

都会の喧騒の中に立つと、孤独を感じることがある。

Standing amidst the hustle and bustle of the city, one can sometimes feel lonely.

Using 'tatsu' to set a scene for emotional reflection.

彼は学問の道において、独自の境地に立っている。

In the path of learning, he stands in a unique position/realm.

High-level metaphorical 'standing'.

その発言は、事実に基づいた論理の上に立っている。

That statement is based on (stands upon) logic grounded in fact.

Abstract 'standing' as a foundation.

古の英雄たちが立ったこの地で、歴史の重みを感じる。

In this place where ancient heroes once stood, I feel the weight of history.

Poetic and historical use.

万緑の中、一筋の煙が悠然と立っている。

Amidst the vast greenery, a single trail of smoke rises calmly.

Classical literary style.

彼の文体は、古典への深い造詣の上に立脚している。

His writing style is based (stands) on a deep knowledge of the classics.

Academic term 'rikkyaku' (to be based on).

静寂を破るように、鋭い叫び声が辺りに立った。

As if to break the silence, a sharp cry rose up in the vicinity.

Using 'tatsu' for the sudden emergence of sound.

国難に際し、彼は一身に責任を負う立場に立った。

In the face of national crisis, he stood in a position to bear all responsibility himself.

Formal political/historical context.

その建築物は、自然との調和という理念の上に立って設計された。

That building was designed based on the philosophy of harmony with nature.

Abstract philosophical foundation.

夕闇が迫る中、遠くの街灯がぽつぽつと立ち始めた。

As dusk approached, distant streetlights began to 'stand' (appear) one by one.

Evocative descriptive use.

彼は己の信念を貫き、孤高の立場を堅持して立っている。

He sticks to his beliefs and stands firm in his solitary, lofty position.

High-level character description.

تلازمات شائعة

役に立つ

列に立つ

台所に立つ

舞台に立つ

噂が立つ

波が立つ

立場に立つ

目に立つ

虹が立つ

計画が立つ

العبارات الشائعة

腹が立つ

— To get angry. Literally 'the stomach rises'.

彼の態度に腹が立つ。(I'm angry at his attitude.)

目立つ

— To stand out or be conspicuous. Literally 'to stand in the eye'.

彼女は赤を着ると目立つ。(She stands out when she wears red.)

立ち上がる

— To stand up from a sitting position or to take action.

立ち上がって拍手した。(I stood up and applauded.)

立ち止まる

— To stop walking and stand still for a moment.

道で立ち止まって地図を見た。(I stopped on the street and looked at the map.)

立ち寄る

— To drop by or stop in at a place briefly.

帰りに本屋に立ち寄った。(I dropped by the bookstore on my way home.)

立ち去る

— To leave or walk away from a spot.

彼は何も言わずに立ち去った。(He walked away without saying anything.)

顔が立つ

— To save face or maintain one's honor/reputation.

これで彼の顔が立つ。(This will save his face.)

身を立てる

— To establish oneself in a profession or make a living.

音楽で身を立てる。(To make a living through music.)

角が立つ

— To create friction or cause a disagreement. Literally 'corners stand up'.

そんな言い方をすると角が立つ。(Saying it like that will cause friction.)

立ち往生する

— To be at a standstill or stuck (often in traffic).

大雪で車が立ち往生した。(The car was stuck due to heavy snow.)

يُخلط عادةً مع

立つ vs 経つ (tatsu)

Sounds identical but means 'time passes'. Always check the kanji.

立つ vs 断つ (tatsu)

Sounds identical but means 'to cut off' or 'to abstain'. Used for habits or connections.

立つ vs 発つ (tatsu)

Sounds identical but means 'to depart' or 'to leave' on a journey.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"役に立つ"

— To be useful or helpful in a specific situation.

この経験は将来役に立つ。(This experience will be useful in the future.)

Common

"腹が立つ"

— To feel angry or offended by something someone said or did.

嘘をつかれて腹が立った。(I was angry because I was lied to.)

Common

"瀬戸際に立つ"

— To be on the brink or at a critical moment (like life or death).

チームは存続の瀬戸際に立っている。(The team is on the brink of survival.)

Formal/Literary

"矢面に立つ"

— To be the target of criticism or to be at the forefront of a struggle.

社長が批判の矢面に立った。(The president bore the brunt of the criticism.)

Formal/Business

"独り立ちする"

— To become independent, especially from parents or mentors.

大学を卒業して独り立ちする。(To graduate and become independent.)

Common

"泡が立つ"

— To foam or bubble up (like soap or a drink).

石鹸をよく泡立てる。(Lather the soap well - using transitive form).

Common

"見通しが立つ"

— To have a clear outlook or prospect for the future.

工事の終わる見通しが立った。(The prospect of finishing the construction was established.)

Business

"鳥肌が立つ"

— To get goosebumps from cold, fear, or excitement.

彼の歌を聴いて鳥肌が立った。(I got goosebumps listening to his song.)

Common

"顔が立つ"

— To maintain one's dignity or reputation in a social context.

上司の顔を立てる。(To save the boss's face - transitive).

Common

"角が立つ"

— To cause a situation to become tense or harsh.

丸く収めないと角が立つ。(If we don't settle it smoothly, it will cause friction.)

Common

سهل الخلط

立つ vs 立てる (tateru)

It is the transitive version of 'tatsu'.

Tatsu is 'to stand' (subject does it). Tateru is 'to stand something up' (you do it to an object).

ポールが立つ (The pole stands) vs ポールを立てる (I stand the pole up).

立つ vs 起きる (okiru)

Both can mean 'to get up'.

Okiru is specifically 'to wake up' or 'to rise from bed'. Tatsu is specifically 'to be in a vertical position'.

6時に起きる (Wake up at 6) vs 椅子から立つ (Stand up from a chair).

立つ vs 座る (suwaru)

Opposite actions often learned together.

Suwaru is to sit; Tatsu is to stand.

座ってください (Please sit) vs 立ってください (Please stand).

立つ vs 止まる (tomaru)

Sometimes 'standing' implies 'stopping'.

Tomaru is 'to stop moving'. Tatsu is 'to be upright'. You can be moving while standing (on a bus).

車が止まる (The car stops) vs 彼が立つ (He stands).

立つ vs 聳える (sobieru)

Both describe things being upright.

Sobieru is only for very tall things that 'tower' impressively. Tatsu is for anything.

ビルが立つ (A building is built/stands) vs ビルが聳える (A building towers).

أنماط الجُمل

[Subject] が立つ

私が立ちます。(I will stand.)

[Location] に立つ

ここに立つ。(Stand here.)

[Item] は役に立つ

この辞書は役に立つ。(This dictionary is useful.)

[Subject] は [Location] に立っている

彼は門の前に立っている。(He is standing in front of the gate.)

[Subject] が立ち上がる

選手が立ち上がる。(The player stands up.)

[Subject] が目立つ

看板が目立つ。(The sign stands out.)

[Person] の立場に立つ

子供の立場に立つ。(Stand in a child's shoes.)

[Abstract] の上に立つ

信頼の上に立つ。(Stand upon trust.)

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

立ち (tachi) - standing/start

立場 (tachiba) - position/standpoint

足場 (ashiba) - foothold/scaffolding

夕立ち (yuudachi) - evening shower

الأفعال

立てる (tateru) - to set up/stand something (transitive)

立ち上がる (tachi-agaru) - to stand up

立ち止まる (tachi-domaru) - to stop/stand still

立ち寄る (tachi-yoru) - to drop by

الصفات

目立つ (medatsu) - conspicuous (verb acting as adj)

立派な (rippa-na) - splendid/fine (derived from 'tatsu')

مرتبط

国立 (kokuritsu) - national

私立 (shiritsu) - private

独立 (dokuritsu) - independence

起立 (kiritsu) - standing up (formal)

建立 (konryuu) - building/erecting (temples)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Extremely high in daily conversation, literature, and news.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 'tatsu' to mean 'to wake up'. → 起きる (okiru)
English 'get up' can mean both, but Japanese distinguishes between rising from sleep (okiru) and being upright (tatsu).
Using 'o' particle: 'isu o tatsu'. → 椅子から立つ (isu kara tatsu)
Tatsu is intransitive. You stand 'from' a chair, not 'the' chair.
Writing '立つ' for 'time passes'. → 経つ (tatsu)
They sound the same, but the kanji for time passing is 経.
Using 'tatsu' when you mean 'to build'. → 建てる (tateru) or 立てる (tateru)
Tatsu is 'to stand' (intransitive). To build or set something up is tateru (transitive).
Confusing 'tatsu' with 'suwaru'. → 座る (suwaru) is sit, 立つ (tatsu) is stand.
Beginners sometimes swap these opposites. Remember 'T' for 'Tall' (Tatsu).

نصائح

Master the Te-form

The te-form 'tatte' is used for requests, continuous actions, and connecting sentences. Practice saying 'tatte kudasai' until it feels natural.

Learn the Idioms

Don't just learn 'stand'. Learn 'yaku ni tatsu' (useful) and 'hara ga tatsu' (angry) immediately, as they are used daily.

Visualizing the Kanji

The kanji 立 is very visual. Think of it as a person standing. This will help you recognize it in compound words like 'dokuritsu' (independence).

Train Etiquette

In Japan, standing on the train is common. You'll often hear 'tatte iru' in this context. It's a great place to observe the verb in action.

Pitch Accent

Try to keep the 'ta' high and the 'tsu' low. This is the standard Tokyo pitch accent for the verb 'to stand'.

Tatsu vs Tateru

Always remember: 'Subject ga tatsu' but 'Object o tateru'. This distinction is vital for clear Japanese.

Listen for 'Tachi-'

Many compound verbs start with 'tachi-' (the stem of tatsu). When you hear 'tachi-', it usually relates to standing or starting an action.

Time vs Standing

Be a pro and use '経つ' for time and '立つ' for standing. Native speakers will be impressed by your kanji accuracy.

The Dragon Stand

Remember 'Tatsu' (dragon) stands up! It's a fun way to link the sound to the meaning.

Natural Phenomena

Notice how 'tatsu' is used for things that 'appear' vertically, like smoke or waves. It's about manifestation in space.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Imagine a person standing on a line (the bottom stroke of 立). They are 'Tatsu-ing' (standing) tall like a 'Tatsu' (dragon) rising from the ground.

ربط بصري

Visualize the kanji 立 as a person with a head (top dot), arms (horizontal line), and legs (two vertical strokes) standing on a floor (bottom line).

Word Web

Stand (Physical) Rise (Smoke/Waves) Useful (Yaku ni tatsu) Position (Tachiba) Conspicuous (Medatsu) Independent (Hitoridachi) Angry (Hara ga tatsu) Candidacy (Rikkouho)

تحدٍّ

Try to use 'tatsu' in three different ways today: once for a physical action, once for 'useful' (yaku ni tatsu), and once for 'standing in line' (retsu ni tatsu).

أصل الكلمة

The word 'tatsu' comes from Old Japanese. It is an indigenous Japanese word (Yamato Kotoba). The kanji '立' is a pictograph of a person standing on the ground with arms outstretched or simply standing firm.

المعنى الأصلي: To be in an upright position or to appear/manifest in a space.

Japonic

السياق الثقافي

Be careful when using 'tatsu' to describe people with disabilities; use more sensitive language if they cannot physically stand.

English speakers often use 'stand' for buildings (The house stands on a hill). Japanese also uses 'tatsu' for buildings, but it often implies the building 'rose' or was 'built' there.

The phrase 'Tate! Ashita no Joe' (Stand up! Joe of Tomorrow) from the famous boxing anime. The 'Standing Sushi Bar' (Tachigui Sushi) culture in Tokyo. The kanji '立' used in the name of the 'Ritsumeikan University'.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

At a Train Station

列に立つ (stand in line)
白線の内側に立つ (stand inside the white line)
ずっと立っていた (stood the whole time)
ドアの横に立つ (stand next to the door)

In a Classroom

起立する (to stand up)
黒板の前に立つ (stand in front of the blackboard)
立たされる (to be made to stand as punishment)
立って答える (stand and answer)

In the Kitchen

台所に立つ (to cook/stand in kitchen)
お湯が立つ (steam rises from water)
泡が立つ (bubbles form)
包丁を立てる (to hold a knife upright)

In Business

役に立つ (be useful)
立場を明確にする (clarify one's stand)
計画を立てる (make a plan - transitive)
矢面に立つ (take the brunt of criticism)

Nature/Weather

煙が立つ (smoke rises)
波が立つ (waves rise)
砂埃が立つ (dust rises)
虹が立つ (rainbow appears)

بدايات محادثة

"電車で座れなくて、ずっと立っていたことはありますか？ (Have you ever had to stand the whole time because you couldn't sit on the train?)"

"最近、何か役に立つ本を読みましたか？ (Have you read any useful books lately?)"

"料理をする時、毎日台所に立ちますか？ (Do you stand in the kitchen [cook] every day?)"

"人前で立つと、緊張しますか？ (Do you get nervous when standing in front of people?)"

"あなたの国で、一番目立つ建物は何ですか？ (What is the most conspicuous building in your country?)"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

今日、誰かの役に立つことをしましたか？詳しく書いてください。 (Did you do something useful for someone today? Write about it in detail.)

満員電車で立っている時の気持ちを説明してください。 (Explain how you feel when standing on a crowded train.)

将来、どのような立場に立って仕事をしたいですか？ (In the future, what kind of position do you want to stand in for your work?)

子供の頃、先生に立たされた思い出はありますか？ (Do you have any memories of being made to stand by a teacher when you were a child?)

自分にとって一番役に立つ道具は何ですか？その理由も書いてください。 (What is the most useful tool for you? Write the reason as well.)

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, while its primary meaning is physical, it also means to rise (smoke), to be useful (yaku ni tatsu), to spread (rumors), and to be in a certain position (tachiba).

Tatsu can mean both the state of standing and the act of standing up. Tachi-agaru specifically emphasizes the action of rising from a seated position.

You say 'tatsu', but you write it with the kanji '経つ'. For example: 10年が経ちました (Ten years have passed).

It is intransitive. You cannot 'tatsu' an object. To stand an object up, you must use the transitive verb 'tateru' (立てる).

Yes, you can say 'biru ga tatsu' to mean a building is built or stands there. It focuses on the building's presence.

It is a very common idiom meaning 'to be useful'. 'Yaku' means role/use, so it literally means 'to stand in a role'.

Usually 'ni' is used to show the spot where someone is standing. For example: 'Koko ni tatte' (Stand here).

Since it is a Godan verb ending in 'tsu', the 'tsu' changes to 'tte'. So, 'tatsu' becomes 'tatte'.

It means 'to get angry'. It literally translates to 'the stomach stands up', which is a Japanese way of describing rising anger.

Yes, but in very formal commands like 'Please rise', the Sino-Japanese word '起立 (kiritsu)' is often preferred.

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات