B2 · فوق المتوسط فصل 13

Setting Goals and Intentions

4 القواعد الإجمالية
40 أمثلة
6 دقيقة
القواعد في هذا الفصل تدريب سريع

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the sophisticated art of expressing professional intentions and project goals in native-level Korean.

  • Articulate your specific career and project objectives using formal structures.
  • Connect your intentions to future outcomes with precision.
  • Define clear limits and desired results in professional settings.
Speak with purpose, lead with clarity.

ما ستتعلمه

Ready to take your Korean communication to the next level? In this B2 chapter, you'll master the art of expressing your goals and intentions with impressive precision, especially in professional and formal settings. Forget basic statements – we're diving into the subtle power of Korean grammar to make your speech and writing sound genuinely native. You'll start by exploring '-고자', a super useful connective ending that lets you articulate serious purposes, like when you're explaining your project objectives in a business meeting, or outlining your career aspirations in a job interview. We'll fine-tune this by looking at how '고자' works best when the subject of your intention stays the same throughout the sentence, adding a layer of coherence and sophistication. Then, you'll learn to confidently use '-고자 하다' to explicitly state your personal intentions in a professional and clear manner – think 'I intend to submit the report by Friday' with perfect Korean phrasing. Finally, we'll uncover the versatility of '-도록'. This powerful ending isn't just about setting goals; it's also perfect for expressing desired results, defining limits, or giving polite, yet firm, instructions. Imagine telling a colleague, 'Please make sure the task is completed by tomorrow,' or describing a process 'so that everyone understands.' By the end of this chapter, you won't just know these forms; you'll intuitively understand *when* and *how* to deploy them. You'll be able to navigate formal discussions, articulate complex plans, and give nuanced directions, all while sounding incredibly professional and natural in Korean. Get ready to upgrade your expressive power!

  • النوايا الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)
    استخدم «-고자» في المواقف الرسمية والخطابات للتعبير عن نية جادة، وفكر فيها كأزرار أنيقة مثل «لأجل» أو «بنية»، واستخدم الكلمات المفتاحية «의도» (نية) و «목적» (هدف).
  • تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)
    استخدم «-을/를 목적으로» مع الأسماء عشان توضح هدفك الأساسي بشكل رسمي واحترافي، زي «취업을 목적으로» أو «건강을 목적으로».
  • النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)
    استخدم «고자» للتعبير عن نيتك في المواقف الرسمية جداً بشرط أن يكون الفاعل نفسه في الجملتين: «نية رسمية»، «وحدة الفاعل»، «بدون إضافات زمنية».
  • توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)
    استخدم «-도록» عشان تربط بين فعلك والنتيجة اللي بتتمناها، أو عشان توصف «الحد الأقصى» اللي وصل له الفعل، أو حتى عشان تعطي «تعليمات رسمية» بلباقة.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -고자 to state your project goals in a formal meeting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Define task limits using -도록 to ensure team alignment.

دليل الفصل

نظرة عامة

Welcome to your B2 Korean grammar journey, where we're elevating your communication skills to a truly advanced level! This chapter,
Setting Goals and Intentions,
is designed to equip you with the nuanced tools needed to express your aims and purposes with clarity and sophistication, especially in professional and formal environments. Moving beyond basic expressions, you'll master how native Korean speakers articulate their objectives, plans, and desired outcomes.
We'll dive deep into three powerful structures: -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록. Understanding these forms is crucial for anyone aiming for fluency and cultural competence, enabling you to participate effectively in business meetings, academic discussions, or any situation requiring precise formal language. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand the mechanics of these Korean grammar B2 patterns but also their appropriate usage, helping you sound more natural and professional.
In the realm of B2 Korean, precision is paramount. These grammar points allow you to convey deep intentions and specific results, ensuring your message is understood exactly as you mean it. Whether you're outlining project goals, stating your career aspirations, or giving polite but firm instructions, the structures taught here will empower you.
Get ready to refine your Korean expression and confidently navigate complex conversations, making your speech and writing genuinely impactful.

كيف تعمل هذه القاعدة

Let's break down the core mechanisms of these essential B2 Korean grammar structures.
First, we have -고자. This connective ending attaches to verb stems and means in order to or
with the intention of.
It's predominantly used in formal contexts, such as presentations, reports, or speeches, to state a serious purpose. A key characteristic of -고자 is that the subject of the main clause and the -고자 clause are almost always the same, ensuring a clear and coherent flow of intention.
For example:
* 저는 이 프로젝트를 성공시키고자 최선을 다하겠습니다. (I will do my best in order to make this project successful.)
* 새로운 기술을 도입하고자 회의를 개최했습니다. (We held a meeting in order to introduce new technology.)
Next, we build on this with -고자 하다. This expression explicitly translates to I intend to or I plan to, directly stating the speaker's personal intention in a formal and clear manner. It's perfect for professional settings where you need to declare your objectives or commitments.
Like -고자, it retains its formal tone and is typically used when the speaker is the subject. For example:
* 저는 다음 주까지 보고서를 제출하고자 합니다. (I intend to submit the report by next week.)
* 저희 팀은 새로운 시장에 진출하고자 합니다. (Our team intends to enter the new market.)
Finally, we explore the versatile ending -도록. Attached to verb or adjective stems, -도록 expresses a range of meanings including so that,
to the extent that,
until, or
in such a way that.
It's incredibly useful for projecting desired results, defining limits, or giving instructions. Unlike -고자, the subjects of the two clauses connected by -도록 can be different.
* 모든 팀원들이 이해할 수 있도록 자세히 설명해 주세요. (Please explain in detail so that all team members can understand.) (Desired result)
* 프로젝트가 완료될 때까지 밤샘 작업을 하도록 하겠습니다. (I will work overnight until the project is completed.) (Limit/Extent)
* 내일까지 이 서류를 준비해 오도록 하세요. (Please make sure to prepare these documents by tomorrow.) (Instruction)

الأخطاء الشائعة

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 친구를 만나려고 고향에 가고자 합니다.
✓ Correct: 저는 친구를 만나러 고향에 가려고 합니다.
*Explanation:* -고자 and -고자 하다 are formal and often used for more serious, planned intentions. For casual intentions like
going to meet a friend,
-으려고 하다 or -러 가다 is more natural.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 이 문제를 해결하고자, 우리는 노력해야 합니다. (This is grammatically correct but often sounds unnatural in speech if the subject changes implicitly or is not clearly defined.)
✓ Correct: 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 노력해야 합니다.
*Explanation:* While -고자 usually requires the same subject, -기 위해(서) is more flexible and can be used when the subjects are different or when emphasizing the means to achieve a goal. -고자 is more about the *speaker's* intention.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 나는 네가 행복하도록 노력할게. (While grammatically possible, the nuance is a bit off for a direct "I'll try to make you happy.")
✓ Correct: 나는 네가 행복하게 노력할게. (More natural for "I'll try to make you happy" focusing on the adverbial 'happily') OR
✓ Correct: 네가 행복하도록 내가 도울게. (I'll help you so that you can be happy.)
*Explanation:* -도록 expresses a result or limit. When the intention is more about *how* something is done (e.g., 'happily'), -게 is often more appropriate. -도록 is better when the first clause is a means to achieve the second clause's result, or when giving an instruction.

محادثات حقيقية

A

A

이번 프로젝트의 목표는 무엇입니까? (What is the goal of this project?)
B

B

저희 팀은 시장 점유율을 10% 증가시키고자 합니다. (Our team intends to increase market share by 10%.)
A

A

회의 자료는 언제까지 준비하면 될까요? (By when should the meeting materials be prepared?)
B

B

모든 참석자들이 검토할 수 있도록 내일 오전까지 준비해 주십시오. (Please prepare them by tomorrow morning so that all attendees can review them.)
A

A

신제품 개발에 대한 보고서를 작성해야 합니다. (I need to write a report on new product development.)
B

B

팀원들과 협력하여 신속하게 보고서를 완성하고자 합니다. (I intend to complete the report quickly by collaborating with team members.)

أسئلة شائعة

Q

What's the main difference between -고자 and -기 위해(서) when expressing purpose in Korean grammar?

-고자 typically implies a speaker's strong, personal intention or a formal organizational objective, usually requiring the same subject for both clauses. -기 위해(서) is more general for in order to and can be used with different subjects, emphasizing the means to achieve a goal.

Q

Can -도록 be used interchangeably with -게 for expressing results or manner?

Not always. While both can express results, -도록 often implies a desired outcome, a limit, or a strong instruction, with a more formal or deliberate nuance. -게 is more general for so that or

in a way that
and can be less formal, often used adverbially.

Q

Is -고자 하다 always used by the speaker to state their *own* intention?

Yes, -고자 하다 is primarily used to explicitly state the speaker's (or the speaker's organization's) intention or plan in a formal context.

Q

Are these B2 Korean grammar forms common in everyday casual conversation?

No, -고자 and -고자 하다 are quite formal and primarily used in written documents, official speeches, or professional settings. -도록 can appear in slightly less formal contexts for instructions, but its most common uses are also in formal or semi-formal situations.

السياق الثقافي

In Korean culture, the way you express your intentions and goals, especially in professional or academic settings, reflects your respect and professionalism. Using structures like -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록 demonstrates a high level of linguistic sophistication and seriousness. These forms are not just grammatical choices; they are cultural signals that you are taking the interaction seriously, articulating your points clearly, and showing deference where appropriate.
You'll frequently encounter them in business reports, official announcements, formal presentations, and academic papers, highlighting their importance in conveying precise and respectful communication.

أمثلة رئيسية (4)

1

저는 취업을 목적으로 자격증을 공부하고 있어요.

أنا أدرس للحصول على شهادة بهدف التوظيف.

تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)
2

건강을 목적으로 매일 아침 조깅을 해요.

أمارس الجري كل صباح بهدف الصحة.

تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)
3

배가 터지도록 먹었어요.

أكلت حتى انفجرت بطني.

توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)
4

사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요.

لو سمحت تنحّ جانبًا لكي يمر الناس.

توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

نصائح وحيل (4)

💡

مزيج Hada السحري

ستسمع كثيراً التركيب ~하고자 하다. هذا الأسلوب يلطف العبارة قليلاً، ليعني 'أود أن...' أو 'أنوي أن...'، وهو مهذب وغير مباشر في الاجتماعات: «오늘 여러분과 토론하고자 합니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النوايا الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)
🎯

الاسم هو الملك

دايماً حاول تختار اسم رسمي عشان الجملة تطلع فخمة. بدل ما تقول 'عشان أعمل فلوس'، قول 'بهدف تحقيق الربح': «수익 창출을 목적으로».
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)
🎯

خدعة الجملة الافتتاحية

ابدأ تعريفك بنفسك في المواقف الرسمية بجملة «저는 ~하고자 이 자리에 왔습니다.». هالجملة فوراً بتخليك تبين كأنك متحدث محترف ومتمكن من اللغة.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)
🎯

خدعة 'حتى'

لو تقدر تستبدل كلمة 'عشان' بكلمة 'لدرجة أن' أو 'حتى' في الجملة، يبقى استخدامك لـ -도록 مثالي جدًا. فكر فيها كأنك بتقول: «목이 빠지도록 친구를 기다렸어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

المفردات الرئيسية (5)

목적 (mokjeok) purpose 수행하다 (suhaenghada) to carry out 의도 (uido) intention 결과 (gyeol-gwa) result 제출하다 (jechulhada) to submit

Real-World Preview

users

Project Kick-off Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb-고자
  • Noun-을/를 목적으로
  • Verb-고자 하다
  • Verb-도록

أخطاء شائعة

Do not combine intention markers like -러 and -고자. Choose one.

Wrong: 먹으러 가고자 합니다.
صحيح: 먹고자 합니다.

목적으로 follows a noun, not a verb conjugation.

Wrong: 공부하도록을 목적으로 합니다.
صحيح: 공부를 목적으로 합니다.

-고자 requires the same subject for both clauses.

Wrong: 그가 공부하고자 나는 커피를 샀다.
صحيح: 내가 공부하고자 커피를 샀다.

القواعد في هذا الفصل (4)

1

النوايا الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)

B2
استخدم «-고자» في المواقف الرسمية والخطابات للتعبير عن نية جادة، وفكر فيها كأزرار أنيقة مثل «لأجل» أو «بنية»، واستخدم الكلمات المفتاحية «의도» (نية) و «목적» (هدف).
I intend to apply to this company.
10 أمثلة
2

تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)

B2
استخدم «-을/를 목적으로» مع الأسماء عشان توضح هدفك الأساسي بشكل رسمي واحترافي، زي «취업을 목적으로» أو «건강을 목적으로».
저는 취업을 목적으로 자격증을 공부하고 있어요.
10 أمثلة
3

النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)

B2
استخدم «고자» للتعبير عن نيتك في المواقف الرسمية جداً بشرط أن يكون الفاعل نفسه في الجملتين: «نية رسمية»، «وحدة الفاعل»، «بدون إضافات زمنية».
새로운 프로젝트를 설명하고자 이 자리에 섰습니다.
10 أمثلة
4

توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

B2
استخدم «-도록» عشان تربط بين فعلك والنتيجة اللي بتتمناها، أو عشان توصف «الحد الأقصى» اللي وصل له الفعل، أو حتى عشان تعطي «تعليمات رسمية» بلباقة.
배가 터지도록 먹었어요.
10 أمثلة

Next Steps

You have mastered a critical B2 skill today. Keep practicing these in your daily professional interactions!

Write a formal email to a professor or boss using these structures.

Continue to: Recalling Observations and Habits

تدريب سريع (9)

املأ الفراغ بحرف الجر والقاعدة الصحيحة.

저는 건강___ _______ 운동을 시작했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 을 목적으로
الاسم '건강' ينتهي بحرف ساكن (ㅇ)، عشان هيك لازم نستخدم '을 목적으로'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)

أي جملة تطلب الهدوء بلباقة لكي ينام الطفل؟

اختر الخيار الأفضل:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아기가 자도록 조용히 해 주세요.
إنت بتطلب الهدوء *لكي* (هدف) ينام الطفل. أما -(으)려고 فبتعبر عن نية الطفل نفسه.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

املأ الفراغ للتعبير عن نية رسمية.

이번 회의는 내년 계획을 ___ (세우다) 모였습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세우고자
بما إن الجملة بتوصف اجتماع رسمي ('이번 회의')، فـ '세우고자' هي الأنسب.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)

جد الخطأ وصححه في هذه الجملة الرسمية.

한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀으려고 합니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀습니다.
'샀으려고 합니다' خطأ تكرار نية. '가고자' بتيجي مع نهاية خبرية رسمية بسيطة مثل '샀습니다'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)

املأ الفراغ بالتصريف الصحيح لفعل 'يسقط/يبلى' (떨어지다) بمعنى 'حتى يبلى'.

신발이 ___ 춤을 췄어요. (رقصت حتى بلي حذائي.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 떨어지도록
'-도록' بتعبر عن درجة الفعل أو مداه. هنا المعنى 'حتى وصل الحذاء لدرجة التمزق'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

أي جملة هي الصحيحة قواعدياً لخطاب رسمي؟

اختر الجملة الصحيحة:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈을 벌고자 일을 합니다.
الأولى صحيحة. الثانية غلط لأنه ما بصير نستخدم ماضي ('벌었-'). الثالثة غلط لأن الفاعل مختلف.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: النية الرسمية: من أجل (-고자)

جد الخطأ في استخدام حرف الجر وصححه.

Find and fix the mistake:

홍보을 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 홍보를 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.
الاسم '홍보' ينتهي بحرف متحرك (ㅗ)، عشان هيك لازم ياخد '를'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)

أي جملة هي الأنسب لسياق رسمي؟

اختر الجملة الأكثر طبيعية:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부를 목적으로 도서관에 갔어요.
مع إن الكل صح، بس '공부를 목적으로' هي اللي بتعطي طابع رسمي وبتركز على 'الهدف'.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: تحديد الأهداف: بغرض (-을/를 목적으로)

صحح الخطأ في هذا الوعد الرسمي.

다시는 늦지 않게 하겠습니다. (اجعلها أكثر رسمية وجدية)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 다시는 늦지 않도록 하겠습니다.
رغم إن '-게' صحيحة لغوياً، إلا إن '-도록 하겠습니다' هي الصيغة القياسية للوعود والاعتذارات الرسمية.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: توقع النتائج والحدود (-도록)

Score: /9

أسئلة شائعة (6)

بشكل عام، لا. إلا إذا كنت تلقي خطاباً في حفل زفاف أو تمثل في دراما تاريخية، فستبدو غير طبيعي. التزم بـ «-(으)려고» عند الدردشة مع الأصدقاء مثل: «밥 먹으려고 식당에 가요.»
لا! وهذا هو الجميل في الأمر. سواء كان الفعل هو 가다 (عله) أو 먹다 (ساكن)، فقط أضف -고자 مباشرة. ستقول «가고자» و «먹고자» بكل بساطة.
معناها 'بهدف' أو 'لغرض كذا'. بتستخدمها عشان توضح النية من وراء فعلك، مثل: «기부를 목적으로».
نعم. 'بسبب' (때문에) بتشرح سبب صار بالماضي، أما '-을/를 목적으로' فبتشرح هدف بدك تحققه بالمستقبل، مثل: «성공을 목적으로».
بشكل عام، لا. الصفات تحتاج تتحول لأفعال باستخدام -아/어지다. يعني «행복해지고자» (من أجل أن أصبح سعيداً) بتزبط، بس «행복하고자» بتبين غريبة.
هي شائعة جداً في الكتابة الرسمية، بس كمان بتسمعها في الخطابات، الأخبار، والمقابلات الرسمية. هي تعتبر «رسمية منطوقة».
الفصل السابق
Classical Grammar and Dialects
الفصل التالي
Recalling Observations and Habits
العودة إلى خارطة الطريق