B2 · 中高级 章节 13

Setting Goals and Intentions

4 总规则
40 例句
6 分钟
本章规则 快速练习

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the sophisticated art of expressing professional intentions and project goals in native-level Korean.

  • Articulate your specific career and project objectives using formal structures.
  • Connect your intentions to future outcomes with precision.
  • Define clear limits and desired results in professional settings.
Speak with purpose, lead with clarity.

你将学到什么

Ready to take your Korean communication to the next level? In this B2 chapter, you'll master the art of expressing your goals and intentions with impressive precision, especially in professional and formal settings. Forget basic statements – we're diving into the subtle power of Korean grammar to make your speech and writing sound genuinely native. You'll start by exploring '-고자', a super useful connective ending that lets you articulate serious purposes, like when you're explaining your project objectives in a business meeting, or outlining your career aspirations in a job interview. We'll fine-tune this by looking at how '고자' works best when the subject of your intention stays the same throughout the sentence, adding a layer of coherence and sophistication. Then, you'll learn to confidently use '-고자 하다' to explicitly state your personal intentions in a professional and clear manner – think 'I intend to submit the report by Friday' with perfect Korean phrasing. Finally, we'll uncover the versatility of '-도록'. This powerful ending isn't just about setting goals; it's also perfect for expressing desired results, defining limits, or giving polite, yet firm, instructions. Imagine telling a colleague, 'Please make sure the task is completed by tomorrow,' or describing a process 'so that everyone understands.' By the end of this chapter, you won't just know these forms; you'll intuitively understand *when* and *how* to deploy them. You'll be able to navigate formal discussions, articulate complex plans, and give nuanced directions, all while sounding incredibly professional and natural in Korean. Get ready to upgrade your expressive power!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -고자 to state your project goals in a formal meeting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Define task limits using -도록 to ensure team alignment.

章节指南

Overview

Welcome to your B2 Korean grammar journey, where we're elevating your communication skills to a truly advanced level! This chapter,
Setting Goals and Intentions,
is designed to equip you with the nuanced tools needed to express your aims and purposes with clarity and sophistication, especially in professional and formal environments. Moving beyond basic expressions, you'll master how native Korean speakers articulate their objectives, plans, and desired outcomes.
We'll dive deep into three powerful structures: -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록. Understanding these forms is crucial for anyone aiming for fluency and cultural competence, enabling you to participate effectively in business meetings, academic discussions, or any situation requiring precise formal language. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand the mechanics of these Korean grammar B2 patterns but also their appropriate usage, helping you sound more natural and professional.
In the realm of B2 Korean, precision is paramount. These grammar points allow you to convey deep intentions and specific results, ensuring your message is understood exactly as you mean it. Whether you're outlining project goals, stating your career aspirations, or giving polite but firm instructions, the structures taught here will empower you.
Get ready to refine your Korean expression and confidently navigate complex conversations, making your speech and writing genuinely impactful.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanisms of these essential B2 Korean grammar structures.
First, we have -고자. This connective ending attaches to verb stems and means in order to or
with the intention of.
It's predominantly used in formal contexts, such as presentations, reports, or speeches, to state a serious purpose. A key characteristic of -고자 is that the subject of the main clause and the -고자 clause are almost always the same, ensuring a clear and coherent flow of intention.
For example:
* 저는 이 프로젝트를 성공시키고자 최선을 다하겠습니다. (I will do my best in order to make this project successful.)
* 새로운 기술을 도입하고자 회의를 개최했습니다. (We held a meeting in order to introduce new technology.)
Next, we build on this with -고자 하다. This expression explicitly translates to I intend to or I plan to, directly stating the speaker's personal intention in a formal and clear manner. It's perfect for professional settings where you need to declare your objectives or commitments.
Like -고자, it retains its formal tone and is typically used when the speaker is the subject. For example:
* 저는 다음 주까지 보고서를 제출하고자 합니다. (I intend to submit the report by next week.)
* 저희 팀은 새로운 시장에 진출하고자 합니다. (Our team intends to enter the new market.)
Finally, we explore the versatile ending -도록. Attached to verb or adjective stems, -도록 expresses a range of meanings including so that,
to the extent that,
until, or
in such a way that.
It's incredibly useful for projecting desired results, defining limits, or giving instructions. Unlike -고자, the subjects of the two clauses connected by -도록 can be different.
* 모든 팀원들이 이해할 수 있도록 자세히 설명해 주세요. (Please explain in detail so that all team members can understand.) (Desired result)
* 프로젝트가 완료될 때까지 밤샘 작업을 하도록 하겠습니다. (I will work overnight until the project is completed.) (Limit/Extent)
* 내일까지 이 서류를 준비해 오도록 하세요. (Please make sure to prepare these documents by tomorrow.) (Instruction)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 친구를 만나려고 고향에 가고자 합니다.
✓ Correct: 저는 친구를 만나러 고향에 가려고 합니다.
*Explanation:* -고자 and -고자 하다 are formal and often used for more serious, planned intentions. For casual intentions like
going to meet a friend,
-으려고 하다 or -러 가다 is more natural.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 이 문제를 해결하고자, 우리는 노력해야 합니다. (This is grammatically correct but often sounds unnatural in speech if the subject changes implicitly or is not clearly defined.)
✓ Correct: 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 노력해야 합니다.
*Explanation:* While -고자 usually requires the same subject, -기 위해(서) is more flexible and can be used when the subjects are different or when emphasizing the means to achieve a goal. -고자 is more about the *speaker's* intention.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 나는 네가 행복하도록 노력할게. (While grammatically possible, the nuance is a bit off for a direct "I'll try to make you happy.")
✓ Correct: 나는 네가 행복하게 노력할게. (More natural for "I'll try to make you happy" focusing on the adverbial 'happily') OR
✓ Correct: 네가 행복하도록 내가 도울게. (I'll help you so that you can be happy.)
*Explanation:* -도록 expresses a result or limit. When the intention is more about *how* something is done (e.g., 'happily'), -게 is often more appropriate. -도록 is better when the first clause is a means to achieve the second clause's result, or when giving an instruction.

Real Conversations

A

A

이번 프로젝트의 목표는 무엇입니까? (What is the goal of this project?)
B

B

저희 팀은 시장 점유율을 10% 증가시키고자 합니다. (Our team intends to increase market share by 10%.)
A

A

회의 자료는 언제까지 준비하면 될까요? (By when should the meeting materials be prepared?)
B

B

모든 참석자들이 검토할 수 있도록 내일 오전까지 준비해 주십시오. (Please prepare them by tomorrow morning so that all attendees can review them.)
A

A

신제품 개발에 대한 보고서를 작성해야 합니다. (I need to write a report on new product development.)
B

B

팀원들과 협력하여 신속하게 보고서를 완성하고자 합니다. (I intend to complete the report quickly by collaborating with team members.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -고자 and -기 위해(서) when expressing purpose in Korean grammar?

-고자 typically implies a speaker's strong, personal intention or a formal organizational objective, usually requiring the same subject for both clauses. -기 위해(서) is more general for in order to and can be used with different subjects, emphasizing the means to achieve a goal.

Q

Can -도록 be used interchangeably with -게 for expressing results or manner?

Not always. While both can express results, -도록 often implies a desired outcome, a limit, or a strong instruction, with a more formal or deliberate nuance. -게 is more general for so that or

in a way that
and can be less formal, often used adverbially.

Q

Is -고자 하다 always used by the speaker to state their *own* intention?

Yes, -고자 하다 is primarily used to explicitly state the speaker's (or the speaker's organization's) intention or plan in a formal context.

Q

Are these B2 Korean grammar forms common in everyday casual conversation?

No, -고자 and -고자 하다 are quite formal and primarily used in written documents, official speeches, or professional settings. -도록 can appear in slightly less formal contexts for instructions, but its most common uses are also in formal or semi-formal situations.

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, the way you express your intentions and goals, especially in professional or academic settings, reflects your respect and professionalism. Using structures like -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록 demonstrates a high level of linguistic sophistication and seriousness. These forms are not just grammatical choices; they are cultural signals that you are taking the interaction seriously, articulating your points clearly, and showing deference where appropriate.
You'll frequently encounter them in business reports, official announcements, formal presentations, and academic papers, highlighting their importance in conveying precise and respectful communication.

关键例句 (4)

1

저는 취업을 목적으로 자격증을 공부하고 있어요.

我为了就业的目的正在学习资格证考试。

设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)
2

건강을 목적으로 매일 아침 조깅을 해요.

为了健康，我每天早上都慢跑。

设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)
3

배가 터지도록 먹었어요.

我吃到肚子都要爆了。

预测结果与限制 (-도록)
4

사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요.

请让一下，好让大家过去。

预测结果与限制 (-도록)

技巧与窍门 (4)

💡

“Hada” 黄金搭档

你会经常听到 «~하고자 하다»。这会让语气稍微柔和一点，意思是“我打算...”或“我想要...”，显得既专业又有礼貌。«성공하고자 합니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 (-고자)
🎯

名词才是王道

尽量搭配听起来专业的名词。比起说为了赚钱，说“为了创造收益”更高级：«수익 창출을 목적으로»。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)
🎯

“开场白”小套路

在正式自我介绍时，用 '저는 ~하고자 이 자리에 왔습니다.' 开头，会让你的韩语听起来瞬间达到高级水平。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 / 打算 (-고자)
🎯

“直到”小窍门

如果你想表达“到了某种程度”或“直到……为止”，用 «-도록» 就对了。比如 «죽도록» 就是“直到死为止”，常用来表达拼命。 «죽도록 공부했어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 预测结果与限制 (-도록)

核心词汇 (5)

목적 (mokjeok) purpose 수행하다 (suhaenghada) to carry out 의도 (uido) intention 결과 (gyeol-gwa) result 제출하다 (jechulhada) to submit

Real-World Preview

users

Project Kick-off Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb-고자
  • Noun-을/를 목적으로
  • Verb-고자 하다
  • Verb-도록

常见错误

Do not combine intention markers like -러 and -고자. Choose one.

Wrong: 먹으러 가고자 합니다.
正确: 먹고자 합니다.

목적으로 follows a noun, not a verb conjugation.

Wrong: 공부하도록을 목적으로 합니다.
正确: 공부를 목적으로 합니다.

-고자 requires the same subject for both clauses.

Wrong: 그가 공부하고자 나는 커피를 샀다.
正确: 내가 공부하고자 커피를 샀다.

Next Steps

You have mastered a critical B2 skill today. Keep practicing these in your daily professional interactions!

Write a formal email to a professor or boss using these structures.

Continue to: Recalling Observations and Habits

快速练习 (10)

在空格处填入正确的助词和语法。

저는 건강___ _______ 운동을 시작했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 을 목적으로
名词 '건강' 以收音 (ㅇ) 结尾，所以必须使用 '을 목적으로'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)

在空格处填入“帮助” (돕다) 的正确形式，以表达正式意图。

저는 가난한 사람들을 ___ 이 단체에 기부했습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돕고자
虽然 '도우려고' 在语法上也可以表示目的，但在慈善捐赠的正式语境下，'돕고자' 最合适。注意 '돕다' 接 '-고자' 时 ㅂ 不会变，因为 '-고자' 以辅音开头。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 (-고자)

哪句话正确使用了正式意图模式？

选择最自然的正式句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님을 뵙고자 왔습니다.
选项 2 正确，因为它在正式场合（见社长）使用了该语法。选项 1 和 3 是日常场景，用 '-(으)려고' 会自然得多。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 (-고자)

哪句话是在礼貌地要求别人安静一点，好让宝宝睡觉？

选择最佳选项：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아기가 자도록 조용히 해 주세요.
你要求安静的“目的”是让宝宝睡觉。 «-(으)려고» 则表示宝宝自己打算安静。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 预测结果与限制 (-도록)

找出这个正式承诺中的错误并使其更正式。

Find and fix the mistake:

다시는 늦지 않게 하겠습니다. (使其更有分量)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 다시는 늦지 않도록 하겠습니다.
虽然 «-게» 语法上没错，但 «-도록 하겠습니다» 是正式承诺和道歉的标准固定搭配。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 预测结果与限制 (-도록)

哪句话最适合正式场合？

选择最自然的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부를 목적으로 도서관에 갔어요.
虽然三句都对，但 '공부를 목적으로' 按照要求以正式语调突出了“目的”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)

找并纠正这个正式句子中的错误。

한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀으려고 합니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀습니다.
'샀으려고 합니다' 犯了双重意图错误。'가고자' 应该搭配简单的陈述式结尾，如 '샀습니다'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 / 打算 (-고자)

在空格中填入“掉落/磨损”（떨어지다）的正确形式，表示“直到磨损为止”。

신발이 ___ 춤을 췄어요. (我跳舞跳到鞋子都磨损了。)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 떨어지도록
«-도록» 表示动作的程度或范围。这里指“直到鞋子磨坏的程度”。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 预测结果与限制 (-도록)

找出并修正助词使用错误。

Find and fix the mistake:

홍보을 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 홍보를 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.
名词 '홍보' 以元音 (ㅗ) 结尾，所以应该使用助词 '를'。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 设定目标：“以……为目的” (-을/를 목적으로)

在正式演讲中，哪句话在语法上是正确的？

选择正确的句子：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈을 벌고자 일을 합니다.
第一句正确。第二句错误，因为不能用过去时；第三句错误，因为前后主语不一致。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 正式意图：为了 / 打算 (-고자)

Score: /10

常见问题 (6)

通常不行。除非你在婚礼上演讲或演古装剧，否则听起来很怪。和朋友聊天请用 «-(으)려고»。
不会！这就是它的魅力。无论是 «가다»（元音）还是 «먹다»（辅音），直接加就行：«가고자», «먹고자»。简单吧！
它的意思是“为了...的目的”或“以...为目标”。用来展示你行为背后的具体原因。例如：«연구를 목적으로»。
有区别。“因为” (때문에) 解释过去的原因，而 «-을/를 목적으로» 解释你想要实现的未来目标。
通常不行哦。形容词需要先变成动词形式，比如使用 -아/어지다。所以 «행복해지고자» 是对的，但 «행복하고자» 听起来就很别扭。
虽然在正式写作中很常见，但在演讲、新闻和正式面试中也能听到。它属于“口语化的正式语”。
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