B2 · 中上級 チャプター 13

Setting Goals and Intentions

4 トータルルール
40 例文
6 分
このチャプターのルール クイック練習

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the sophisticated art of expressing professional intentions and project goals in native-level Korean.

  • Articulate your specific career and project objectives using formal structures.
  • Connect your intentions to future outcomes with precision.
  • Define clear limits and desired results in professional settings.
Speak with purpose, lead with clarity.

学べること

Ready to take your Korean communication to the next level? In this B2 chapter, you'll master the art of expressing your goals and intentions with impressive precision, especially in professional and formal settings. Forget basic statements – we're diving into the subtle power of Korean grammar to make your speech and writing sound genuinely native. You'll start by exploring '-고자', a super useful connective ending that lets you articulate serious purposes, like when you're explaining your project objectives in a business meeting, or outlining your career aspirations in a job interview. We'll fine-tune this by looking at how '고자' works best when the subject of your intention stays the same throughout the sentence, adding a layer of coherence and sophistication. Then, you'll learn to confidently use '-고자 하다' to explicitly state your personal intentions in a professional and clear manner – think 'I intend to submit the report by Friday' with perfect Korean phrasing. Finally, we'll uncover the versatility of '-도록'. This powerful ending isn't just about setting goals; it's also perfect for expressing desired results, defining limits, or giving polite, yet firm, instructions. Imagine telling a colleague, 'Please make sure the task is completed by tomorrow,' or describing a process 'so that everyone understands.' By the end of this chapter, you won't just know these forms; you'll intuitively understand *when* and *how* to deploy them. You'll be able to navigate formal discussions, articulate complex plans, and give nuanced directions, all while sounding incredibly professional and natural in Korean. Get ready to upgrade your expressive power!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -고자 to state your project goals in a formal meeting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Define task limits using -도록 to ensure team alignment.

チャプターガイド

Overview

Welcome to your B2 Korean grammar journey, where we're elevating your communication skills to a truly advanced level! This chapter,
Setting Goals and Intentions,
is designed to equip you with the nuanced tools needed to express your aims and purposes with clarity and sophistication, especially in professional and formal environments. Moving beyond basic expressions, you'll master how native Korean speakers articulate their objectives, plans, and desired outcomes.
We'll dive deep into three powerful structures: -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록. Understanding these forms is crucial for anyone aiming for fluency and cultural competence, enabling you to participate effectively in business meetings, academic discussions, or any situation requiring precise formal language. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand the mechanics of these Korean grammar B2 patterns but also their appropriate usage, helping you sound more natural and professional.
In the realm of B2 Korean, precision is paramount. These grammar points allow you to convey deep intentions and specific results, ensuring your message is understood exactly as you mean it. Whether you're outlining project goals, stating your career aspirations, or giving polite but firm instructions, the structures taught here will empower you.
Get ready to refine your Korean expression and confidently navigate complex conversations, making your speech and writing genuinely impactful.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanisms of these essential B2 Korean grammar structures.
First, we have -고자. This connective ending attaches to verb stems and means in order to or
with the intention of.
It's predominantly used in formal contexts, such as presentations, reports, or speeches, to state a serious purpose. A key characteristic of -고자 is that the subject of the main clause and the -고자 clause are almost always the same, ensuring a clear and coherent flow of intention.
For example:
* 저는 이 프로젝트를 성공시키고자 최선을 다하겠습니다. (I will do my best in order to make this project successful.)
* 새로운 기술을 도입하고자 회의를 개최했습니다. (We held a meeting in order to introduce new technology.)
Next, we build on this with -고자 하다. This expression explicitly translates to I intend to or I plan to, directly stating the speaker's personal intention in a formal and clear manner. It's perfect for professional settings where you need to declare your objectives or commitments.
Like -고자, it retains its formal tone and is typically used when the speaker is the subject. For example:
* 저는 다음 주까지 보고서를 제출하고자 합니다. (I intend to submit the report by next week.)
* 저희 팀은 새로운 시장에 진출하고자 합니다. (Our team intends to enter the new market.)
Finally, we explore the versatile ending -도록. Attached to verb or adjective stems, -도록 expresses a range of meanings including so that,
to the extent that,
until, or
in such a way that.
It's incredibly useful for projecting desired results, defining limits, or giving instructions. Unlike -고자, the subjects of the two clauses connected by -도록 can be different.
* 모든 팀원들이 이해할 수 있도록 자세히 설명해 주세요. (Please explain in detail so that all team members can understand.) (Desired result)
* 프로젝트가 완료될 때까지 밤샘 작업을 하도록 하겠습니다. (I will work overnight until the project is completed.) (Limit/Extent)
* 내일까지 이 서류를 준비해 오도록 하세요. (Please make sure to prepare these documents by tomorrow.) (Instruction)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 친구를 만나려고 고향에 가고자 합니다.
✓ Correct: 저는 친구를 만나러 고향에 가려고 합니다.
*Explanation:* -고자 and -고자 하다 are formal and often used for more serious, planned intentions. For casual intentions like
going to meet a friend,
-으려고 하다 or -러 가다 is more natural.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 이 문제를 해결하고자, 우리는 노력해야 합니다. (This is grammatically correct but often sounds unnatural in speech if the subject changes implicitly or is not clearly defined.)
✓ Correct: 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 노력해야 합니다.
*Explanation:* While -고자 usually requires the same subject, -기 위해(서) is more flexible and can be used when the subjects are different or when emphasizing the means to achieve a goal. -고자 is more about the *speaker's* intention.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 나는 네가 행복하도록 노력할게. (While grammatically possible, the nuance is a bit off for a direct "I'll try to make you happy.")
✓ Correct: 나는 네가 행복하게 노력할게. (More natural for "I'll try to make you happy" focusing on the adverbial 'happily') OR
✓ Correct: 네가 행복하도록 내가 도울게. (I'll help you so that you can be happy.)
*Explanation:* -도록 expresses a result or limit. When the intention is more about *how* something is done (e.g., 'happily'), -게 is often more appropriate. -도록 is better when the first clause is a means to achieve the second clause's result, or when giving an instruction.

Real Conversations

A

A

이번 프로젝트의 목표는 무엇입니까? (What is the goal of this project?)
B

B

저희 팀은 시장 점유율을 10% 증가시키고자 합니다. (Our team intends to increase market share by 10%.)
A

A

회의 자료는 언제까지 준비하면 될까요? (By when should the meeting materials be prepared?)
B

B

모든 참석자들이 검토할 수 있도록 내일 오전까지 준비해 주십시오. (Please prepare them by tomorrow morning so that all attendees can review them.)
A

A

신제품 개발에 대한 보고서를 작성해야 합니다. (I need to write a report on new product development.)
B

B

팀원들과 협력하여 신속하게 보고서를 완성하고자 합니다. (I intend to complete the report quickly by collaborating with team members.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -고자 and -기 위해(서) when expressing purpose in Korean grammar?

-고자 typically implies a speaker's strong, personal intention or a formal organizational objective, usually requiring the same subject for both clauses. -기 위해(서) is more general for in order to and can be used with different subjects, emphasizing the means to achieve a goal.

Q

Can -도록 be used interchangeably with -게 for expressing results or manner?

Not always. While both can express results, -도록 often implies a desired outcome, a limit, or a strong instruction, with a more formal or deliberate nuance. -게 is more general for so that or

in a way that
and can be less formal, often used adverbially.

Q

Is -고자 하다 always used by the speaker to state their *own* intention?

Yes, -고자 하다 is primarily used to explicitly state the speaker's (or the speaker's organization's) intention or plan in a formal context.

Q

Are these B2 Korean grammar forms common in everyday casual conversation?

No, -고자 and -고자 하다 are quite formal and primarily used in written documents, official speeches, or professional settings. -도록 can appear in slightly less formal contexts for instructions, but its most common uses are also in formal or semi-formal situations.

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, the way you express your intentions and goals, especially in professional or academic settings, reflects your respect and professionalism. Using structures like -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록 demonstrates a high level of linguistic sophistication and seriousness. These forms are not just grammatical choices; they are cultural signals that you are taking the interaction seriously, articulating your points clearly, and showing deference where appropriate.
You'll frequently encounter them in business reports, official announcements, formal presentations, and academic papers, highlighting their importance in conveying precise and respectful communication.

重要な例文 (6)

1

I intend to apply to this company.

私はこの貴社に志望いたします。

公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)
2

CEO, I intend to see you because I have something urgent to tell you.

代表、折り入ってお話があり、お目にかかりたいと存じます。

公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)
3

새로운 프로젝트를 설명하고자 이 자리에 섰습니다.

新しいプロジェクトを説明するために、この場に立ちました。

フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)
4

우수한 인재를 채용하고자 면접을 진행하고 있습니다.

優秀な人材を採用するために、面接を行っています。

フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)
5

배가 터지도록 먹었어요.

お腹がはち切れるほど食べました。

結果と限界を予測する (-도록)
6

사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요.

人々が通れるように、脇に寄ってください。

結果と限界を予測する (-도록)

ヒントとコツ (4)

💡

「~하고자 하다」の定番コンボ

「~하고자 하다」という形でよく使われます。これは「〜しようと思います」「〜するつもりです」と意図を丁寧に宣言する表現で、ビジネスメールでも大活躍します。«도움을 드리고자 합니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)
🎯

名詞が主役！

この表現を使う時は、プロっぽい名詞を選ぶのがコツです。「お金を稼ぐため」と言うより「収益創出（しゅうえきそうしゅつ）」という言葉を使って «수익 창출을 목적으로» と言うと、一気にかっこよくなりますよ！
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 目標設定：「〜を目的として」 (-을/를 목적으로)
🎯

自己紹介の必勝フレーズ

公式な場での自己紹介は «저는 ~하고자 이 자리에 왔습니다.» (私は〜したく、この場に参りました) で始めると、一気に上級者っぽく聞こえますよ。
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)
🎯

「〜まで」の魔法

英語で「to the point where」や「until」と置き換えられるなら、まさに-도록の出番です！「夜が明けるまで勉強しました。」
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果と限界を予測する (-도록)

重要な語彙 (5)

목적 (mokjeok) purpose 수행하다 (suhaenghada) to carry out 의도 (uido) intention 결과 (gyeol-gwa) result 제출하다 (jechulhada) to submit

Real-World Preview

users

Project Kick-off Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb-고자
  • Noun-을/를 목적으로
  • Verb-고자 하다
  • Verb-도록

よくある間違い

Do not combine intention markers like -러 and -고자. Choose one.

Wrong: 먹으러 가고자 합니다.
正解: 먹고자 합니다.

목적으로 follows a noun, not a verb conjugation.

Wrong: 공부하도록을 목적으로 합니다.
正解: 공부를 목적으로 합니다.

-고자 requires the same subject for both clauses.

Wrong: 그가 공부하고자 나는 커피를 샀다.
正解: 내가 공부하고자 커피를 샀다.

Next Steps

You have mastered a critical B2 skill today. Keep practicing these in your daily professional interactions!

Write a formal email to a professor or boss using these structures.

Continue to: Recalling Observations and Habits

クイック練習 (9)

フォーマルな意図を表すために、「助ける」(돕다) を正しい形に変えて空欄を埋めてください。

저는 가난한 사람들을 ___ 이 단체에 기부했습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돕고자
「도우려고」も文法的には目的を表しますが、寄付というフォーマルな文脈には「돕고자」が最適です。また、「-고자」は子音で始まる語尾なので、ㅂ変則は起きず「돕고자」となります。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)

空欄を埋めて、公式な意図を表現してみましょう。

이번 회의는 내년 계획을 ___ (세우다) 모였습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세우고자
「今回の会議は(이번 회의는)」という公式な文脈なので、最もフォーマルな「세우고자」が正解です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)

このフォーマルな約束の誤りを見つけてください。

Find and fix the mistake:

다시는 늦지 않게 하겠습니다. (Make it more formal/weighty)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 다시는 늦지 않도록 하겠습니다.
-게も文法的には問題ありませんが、フォーマルな約束や謝罪では「-도록 하겠습니다」が標準的な定型表現です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果と限界を予測する (-도록)

次の公式な文章の間違いを直してください。

한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀으려고 합니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀습니다.
「샀으려고 합니다」は不自然な重ね言葉です。「가고자」はシンプルなフォーマル結び「샀습니다」と相性が良いです。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)

「落ちる」（떨어지다）の正しい形を使って「すり減るまで」という意味になるように空欄を埋めてください。

신발이 ___ 춤을 췄어요. (I danced until my shoes wore out.)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 떨어지도록
-도록は行動の程度や範囲を示します。「靴が壊れる／すり減るまで」

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果と限界を予測する (-도록)

公式なスピーチとして正しい文章はどれですか？

正しい文章を選んでください：

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈을 벌고자 일을 합니다.
1番目が正解です。2番目は過去形を使っているため不可、3番目は前後で主語が異なるため不可です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: フォーマルな意図：〜するために (-고자)

次の文章の文法的な間違いを見つけてください。

작년에 한국에 갔고자 돈을 모았습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 갔고자 -> 가고자
「-고자」の前に過去形（-았/었-）を付けることはできません。時制は文末の「모았습니다」で表します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)

赤ちゃんが眠れるように静かにするよう、丁寧に頼む文はどれですか？

Choose the best option:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아기가 자도록 조용히 해 주세요.
赤ちゃんが眠るという「目的」のために静かにしてほしいと頼んでいます。-(으)려고は赤ちゃんが静かにしようとする意図を示します。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 結果と限界を予測する (-도록)

最も自然なフォーマルな文章を選んでください。

Select the most natural formal sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님을 뵙고자 왔습니다.
2番は社長（目上の人）を訪ねる公式な場面なので正解です。1と3は日常的な場面なので「-(으)려고」を使うのが自然です。

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: 公式な意図：〜しようと (-고자)

Score: /9

よくある質問 (6)

基本的には使いません。結婚式のスピーチや時代劇でもない限り、友達同士では不自然に聞こえます。日常会話では «-(으)려고» を使いましょう。
いいえ！そこがこの文法の良いところです。「가다」でも「먹다」でも、そのまま「-고자」を付ければOKです。«가고자», «먹고자» とてもシンプルですね。
「〜を目的として」という意味です。自分の行動の背後にある具体的な理由を示す時に使います。 «건강을 목적으로» のように使います。
はい、違います。「〜だから」は過去の原因を説明しますが、 «-을/를 목적으로» はこれから達成したい未来のゴールを説明します。
基本的には動詞に使います。形容詞を使いたい場合は、 «행복해지고자» (幸せになろうと) のように「〜くなる」という動詞の形に変えればOKです。
書き言葉でよく使われますが、スピーチやニュース、公式なインタビューなどの「話し言葉」でも頻繁に登場しますよ。
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