B2 · उच्च मध्यवर्ती चैप्टर 13

Setting Goals and Intentions

4 कुल नियम
40 उदाहरण
6 मिनट
इस अध्याय के नियम त्वरित अभ्यास

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the sophisticated art of expressing professional intentions and project goals in native-level Korean.

  • Articulate your specific career and project objectives using formal structures.
  • Connect your intentions to future outcomes with precision.
  • Define clear limits and desired results in professional settings.
Speak with purpose, lead with clarity.

तुम क्या सीखोगे

Ready to take your Korean communication to the next level? In this B2 chapter, you'll master the art of expressing your goals and intentions with impressive precision, especially in professional and formal settings. Forget basic statements – we're diving into the subtle power of Korean grammar to make your speech and writing sound genuinely native. You'll start by exploring '-고자', a super useful connective ending that lets you articulate serious purposes, like when you're explaining your project objectives in a business meeting, or outlining your career aspirations in a job interview. We'll fine-tune this by looking at how '고자' works best when the subject of your intention stays the same throughout the sentence, adding a layer of coherence and sophistication. Then, you'll learn to confidently use '-고자 하다' to explicitly state your personal intentions in a professional and clear manner – think 'I intend to submit the report by Friday' with perfect Korean phrasing. Finally, we'll uncover the versatility of '-도록'. This powerful ending isn't just about setting goals; it's also perfect for expressing desired results, defining limits, or giving polite, yet firm, instructions. Imagine telling a colleague, 'Please make sure the task is completed by tomorrow,' or describing a process 'so that everyone understands.' By the end of this chapter, you won't just know these forms; you'll intuitively understand *when* and *how* to deploy them. You'll be able to navigate formal discussions, articulate complex plans, and give nuanced directions, all while sounding incredibly professional and natural in Korean. Get ready to upgrade your expressive power!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Use -고자 to state your project goals in a formal meeting.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to: Define task limits using -도록 to ensure team alignment.

अध्याय गाइड

Overview

Welcome to your B2 Korean grammar journey, where we're elevating your communication skills to a truly advanced level! This chapter,
Setting Goals and Intentions,
is designed to equip you with the nuanced tools needed to express your aims and purposes with clarity and sophistication, especially in professional and formal environments. Moving beyond basic expressions, you'll master how native Korean speakers articulate their objectives, plans, and desired outcomes.
We'll dive deep into three powerful structures: -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록. Understanding these forms is crucial for anyone aiming for fluency and cultural competence, enabling you to participate effectively in business meetings, academic discussions, or any situation requiring precise formal language. By the end of this chapter, you'll not only understand the mechanics of these Korean grammar B2 patterns but also their appropriate usage, helping you sound more natural and professional.
In the realm of B2 Korean, precision is paramount. These grammar points allow you to convey deep intentions and specific results, ensuring your message is understood exactly as you mean it. Whether you're outlining project goals, stating your career aspirations, or giving polite but firm instructions, the structures taught here will empower you.
Get ready to refine your Korean expression and confidently navigate complex conversations, making your speech and writing genuinely impactful.

How This Grammar Works

Let's break down the core mechanisms of these essential B2 Korean grammar structures.
First, we have -고자. This connective ending attaches to verb stems and means in order to or
with the intention of.
It's predominantly used in formal contexts, such as presentations, reports, or speeches, to state a serious purpose. A key characteristic of -고자 is that the subject of the main clause and the -고자 clause are almost always the same, ensuring a clear and coherent flow of intention.
For example:
* 저는 이 프로젝트를 성공시키고자 최선을 다하겠습니다. (I will do my best in order to make this project successful.)
* 새로운 기술을 도입하고자 회의를 개최했습니다. (We held a meeting in order to introduce new technology.)
Next, we build on this with -고자 하다. This expression explicitly translates to I intend to or I plan to, directly stating the speaker's personal intention in a formal and clear manner. It's perfect for professional settings where you need to declare your objectives or commitments.
Like -고자, it retains its formal tone and is typically used when the speaker is the subject. For example:
* 저는 다음 주까지 보고서를 제출하고자 합니다. (I intend to submit the report by next week.)
* 저희 팀은 새로운 시장에 진출하고자 합니다. (Our team intends to enter the new market.)
Finally, we explore the versatile ending -도록. Attached to verb or adjective stems, -도록 expresses a range of meanings including so that,
to the extent that,
until, or
in such a way that.
It's incredibly useful for projecting desired results, defining limits, or giving instructions. Unlike -고자, the subjects of the two clauses connected by -도록 can be different.
* 모든 팀원들이 이해할 수 있도록 자세히 설명해 주세요. (Please explain in detail so that all team members can understand.) (Desired result)
* 프로젝트가 완료될 때까지 밤샘 작업을 하도록 하겠습니다. (I will work overnight until the project is completed.) (Limit/Extent)
* 내일까지 이 서류를 준비해 오도록 하세요. (Please make sure to prepare these documents by tomorrow.) (Instruction)

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: 저는 친구를 만나려고 고향에 가고자 합니다.
✓ Correct: 저는 친구를 만나러 고향에 가려고 합니다.
*Explanation:* -고자 and -고자 하다 are formal and often used for more serious, planned intentions. For casual intentions like
going to meet a friend,
-으려고 하다 or -러 가다 is more natural.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 이 문제를 해결하고자, 우리는 노력해야 합니다. (This is grammatically correct but often sounds unnatural in speech if the subject changes implicitly or is not clearly defined.)
✓ Correct: 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 우리는 노력해야 합니다.
*Explanation:* While -고자 usually requires the same subject, -기 위해(서) is more flexible and can be used when the subjects are different or when emphasizing the means to achieve a goal. -고자 is more about the *speaker's* intention.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: 나는 네가 행복하도록 노력할게. (While grammatically possible, the nuance is a bit off for a direct "I'll try to make you happy.")
✓ Correct: 나는 네가 행복하게 노력할게. (More natural for "I'll try to make you happy" focusing on the adverbial 'happily') OR
✓ Correct: 네가 행복하도록 내가 도울게. (I'll help you so that you can be happy.)
*Explanation:* -도록 expresses a result or limit. When the intention is more about *how* something is done (e.g., 'happily'), -게 is often more appropriate. -도록 is better when the first clause is a means to achieve the second clause's result, or when giving an instruction.

Real Conversations

A

A

이번 프로젝트의 목표는 무엇입니까? (What is the goal of this project?)
B

B

저희 팀은 시장 점유율을 10% 증가시키고자 합니다. (Our team intends to increase market share by 10%.)
A

A

회의 자료는 언제까지 준비하면 될까요? (By when should the meeting materials be prepared?)
B

B

모든 참석자들이 검토할 수 있도록 내일 오전까지 준비해 주십시오. (Please prepare them by tomorrow morning so that all attendees can review them.)
A

A

신제품 개발에 대한 보고서를 작성해야 합니다. (I need to write a report on new product development.)
B

B

팀원들과 협력하여 신속하게 보고서를 완성하고자 합니다. (I intend to complete the report quickly by collaborating with team members.)

Quick FAQ

Q

What's the main difference between -고자 and -기 위해(서) when expressing purpose in Korean grammar?

-고자 typically implies a speaker's strong, personal intention or a formal organizational objective, usually requiring the same subject for both clauses. -기 위해(서) is more general for in order to and can be used with different subjects, emphasizing the means to achieve a goal.

Q

Can -도록 be used interchangeably with -게 for expressing results or manner?

Not always. While both can express results, -도록 often implies a desired outcome, a limit, or a strong instruction, with a more formal or deliberate nuance. -게 is more general for so that or

in a way that
and can be less formal, often used adverbially.

Q

Is -고자 하다 always used by the speaker to state their *own* intention?

Yes, -고자 하다 is primarily used to explicitly state the speaker's (or the speaker's organization's) intention or plan in a formal context.

Q

Are these B2 Korean grammar forms common in everyday casual conversation?

No, -고자 and -고자 하다 are quite formal and primarily used in written documents, official speeches, or professional settings. -도록 can appear in slightly less formal contexts for instructions, but its most common uses are also in formal or semi-formal situations.

Cultural Context

In Korean culture, the way you express your intentions and goals, especially in professional or academic settings, reflects your respect and professionalism. Using structures like -고자, -고자 하다, and -도록 demonstrates a high level of linguistic sophistication and seriousness. These forms are not just grammatical choices; they are cultural signals that you are taking the interaction seriously, articulating your points clearly, and showing deference where appropriate.
You'll frequently encounter them in business reports, official announcements, formal presentations, and academic papers, highlighting their importance in conveying precise and respectful communication.

मुख्य उदाहरण (8)

1

I intend to apply to this company.

मैं इस कंपनी में आवेदन करने का इरादा रखता हूँ।

औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)
2

CEO, I intend to see you because I have something urgent to tell you.

CEO साहब, मुझे आपसे कुछ ज़रूरी बात करनी थी, इसलिए मिलना चाहता हूँ।

औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)
3

저는 취업을 목적으로 자격증을 공부하고 있어요.

मैं नौकरी पाने के मकसद से सर्टिफिकेट के लिए पढ़ाई कर रहा हूँ।

लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)
4

건강을 목적으로 매일 아침 조깅을 해요.

मैं सेहत के मकसद से रोज़ सुबह जॉगिंग करता हूँ।

लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)
5

새로운 프로젝트를 설명하고자 이 자리에 섰습니다.

मैं यहाँ नए प्रोजेक्ट के बारे में बताने के लिए खड़ा हुआ हूँ।

औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)
6

우수한 인재를 채용하고자 면접을 진행하고 있습니다.

हम बेहतरीन टैलेंट को काम पर रखने के लिए इंटरव्यू ले रहे हैं।

औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)
7

배가 터지도록 먹었어요.

मैंने इतना खाया कि पेट फटने वाला था।

परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)
8

사람들이 지나가도록 비켜 주세요.

कृपया थोड़ा हट जाइये ताकि लोग निकल सकें।

परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)

टिप्स और ट्रिक्स (4)

💡

The 'Hada' Combo

तुम अक्सर ~하고자 하다 सुनोगे। यह बात को थोड़ा नरम बना देता है, जैसे 'मैं ऐसा करना चाहूँगा'। यह बहुत ही सभ्य तरीका है: «도움을 드리고자 합니다.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)
🎯

नाम (Noun) ही सब कुछ है

इस रूल के साथ हमेशा प्रोफेशनल दिखने वाले शब्दों का इस्तेमाल करो। जैसे 'पैसे कमाने' की जगह 'मुनाफा कमाने' बोलो: «수익 창출을 목적으로»।
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)
🎯

इंटरव्यू की शुरुआत

अपनी फॉर्मल सेल्फ-इंट्रोडक्शन की शुरुआत '저는 ~하고자 이 자리에 왔습니다.' से करो। इससे तुम तुरंत एक हाई-लेवल स्पीकर लगोगे, जैसे: «한국에서 काम करना चाहता हूँ और इसलिए यहाँ आया हूँ।»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)
🎯

'जब तक' वाला नुस्खा

अगर तुम अपनी बात में 'इतना कि' या 'जब तक कि' जैसा भाव लाना चाहते हो, तो -도록 एकदम सही है। जैसे: «눈물이 나도록 감동적이었어.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)

मुख्य शब्दावली (5)

목적 (mokjeok) purpose 수행하다 (suhaenghada) to carry out 의도 (uido) intention 결과 (gyeol-gwa) result 제출하다 (jechulhada) to submit

Real-World Preview

users

Project Kick-off Meeting

Review Summary

  • Verb-고자
  • Noun-을/를 목적으로
  • Verb-고자 하다
  • Verb-도록

सामान्य गलतियाँ

Do not combine intention markers like -러 and -고자. Choose one.

Wrong: 먹으러 가고자 합니다.
सही: 먹고자 합니다.

목적으로 follows a noun, not a verb conjugation.

Wrong: 공부하도록을 목적으로 합니다.
सही: 공부를 목적으로 합니다.

-고자 requires the same subject for both clauses.

Wrong: 그가 공부하고자 나는 커피를 샀다.
सही: 내가 공부하고자 커피를 샀다.

इस अध्याय के नियम (4)

1

औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)

B2
जब बात सीरियस हो या किसी बड़े मंच पर बोल रहे हो, तो अपना Formal Intent या इरादा जताने के लिए «-고자» का इस्तेमाल करो।
I intend to apply to this company.
10 उदाहरण
2

लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)

B2
किसी खास काम के पीछे का बड़ा मकसद बताने के लिए संज्ञा (Noun) के साथ «-을/를 목적으로» जोड़ें।
저는 취업을 목적으로 자격증을 공부하고 있어요.
10 उदाहरण
3

औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)

B2
जब इरादा नेक और माहौल फॉर्मल हो, तो «고자» का इस्तेमाल करो। बस याद रखना कि काम करने वाला इंसान दोनों तरफ एक ही होना चाहिए। इसके मुख्य पिलर्स हैं: Formal Intent, Same Subject, और No Tense Markers।
새로운 프로젝트를 설명하고자 이 자리에 섰습니다.
10 उदाहरण
4

परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)

B2
जब भी किसी काम का 'मकसद' बताना हो या किसी 'हद' तक जाने की बात करनी हो, तो आँख बंद करके «-도록» का इस्तेमाल करो।
배가 터지도록 먹었어요.
10 उदाहरण

Next Steps

You have mastered a critical B2 skill today. Keep practicing these in your daily professional interactions!

Write a formal email to a professor or boss using these structures.

Continue to: Recalling Observations and Habits

त्वरित अभ्यास (10)

इनमें से कौन सा वाक्य फॉर्मल तरीके से सही है?

सबसे नेचुरल फॉर्मल वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 사장님을 뵙고자 왔습니다.
विकल्प 2 सही है क्योंकि यह बॉस (CEO) से मिलने की एक फॉर्मल स्थिति है। बाकी दोनों कैजुअल बातें हैं जहाँ '-(으)려고' बेहतर होता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)

फॉर्मल स्पीच के लिए कौन सा वाक्य ग्रामर के हिसाब से सही है?

सही वाक्य चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돈을 벌고자 일을 합니다.
पहला सही है। दूसरा गलत है क्योंकि पास्ट टेंस ('벌었-') नहीं लग सकता। तीसरा गलत है क्योंकि सब्जेक्ट अलग-अलग हैं।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)

इनमें से कौन सा वाक्य विनम्रता से किसी को चुप रहने के लिए कह रहा है ताकि बच्चा सो सके?

सही विकल्प चुनें:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 아기가 자도록 조용히 해 주세요.
यहाँ चुप रहने का 'मकसद' बच्चे का सोना है। -(으)려고 का मतलब होगा कि बच्चा खुद चुप रहना चाहता है, जो सही नहीं बैठता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)

खाली जगह में सही ग्रामर भरें।

저는 건강___ _______ 운동을 시작했어요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 을 목적으로
शब्द '건강' व्यंजन (ㅇ) पर खत्म होता है, इसलिए '을 목적으로' का इस्तेमाल होगा।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)

'घिस जाने तक' (떨어지다) के सही रूप से खाली जगह भरें।

신발이 ___ 춤을 췄어요. (मैंने तब तक डांस किया जब तक जूते घिस नहीं गए।)

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 떨어지도록
'-도록' काम की हद या गहराई बताता है। यहाँ जूतों के फटने या घिसने की हद तक काम हुआ है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: परिणाम और सीमाएँ प्रक्षेपित करना (-도록)

फॉर्मल इरादा जताने के लिए 'मदद करना' (돕다) का सही रूप भरें।

저는 가난한 사람들을 ___ 이 단체에 기부했습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 돕고자
हालाँकि '도우려고' भी सही है, लेकिन दान (donation) जैसे फॉर्मल कॉन्टेक्स्ट में '돕고자' सबसे फिट बैठता है। ध्यान दें कि '돕다' के साथ '고자' लगने पर 'ㅂ' नहीं बदलता।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादे: के उद्देश्य से (-고자)

फॉर्मल सेटिंग के लिए सबसे सही वाक्य चुनें।

इनमें से कौन सा वाक्य सबसे नेचुरल है?

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 공부를 목적으로 도서관에 갔어요.
हालाँकि सभी सही हैं, लेकिन '공부를 목적으로' खास तौर पर 'मकसद' पर ज़ोर देता है और फॉर्मल लगता है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)

फॉर्मल इरादा व्यक्त करने के लिए खाली जगह भरें।

이번 회의는 내년 계획을 ___ (세우다) 모였습니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 세우고자
चूंकि वाक्य एक फॉर्मल मीटिंग ('이번 회의') के बारे में है, इसलिए '세우고자' सबसे सही फॉर्मल एंडिंग है।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)

इस फॉर्मल वाक्य में गलती ढूँढें और उसे ठीक करें।

한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀으려고 합니다.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 한국에 가고자 비행기 표를 샀습니다.
'샀으려고 합니다' एक डबल-फ्यूचर गलती है। '가고자' के साथ एक साधारण फॉर्मल एंडिंग जैसे '샀습니다' का इस्तेमाल करें।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: औपचारिक इरादा: करने के लिए (-고자)

पार्टिकल की गलती पहचानें और उसे ठीक करें।

Find and fix the mistake:

홍보을 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: 홍보를 목적으로 인스타그램을 해요.
शब्द '홍보' स्वर (ㅗ) पर खत्म होता है, इसलिए इसके साथ '를' आना चाहिए।

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: लक्ष्य निर्धारण: के उद्देश्य से (-을/를 목적으로)

Score: /10

सामान्य प्रश्न (6)

आमतौर पर नहीं! जब तक तुम किसी शादी में स्पीच नहीं दे रहे या किसी ऐतिहासिक नाटक में एक्टिंग नहीं कर रहे, यह बहुत अजीब लगेगा। दोस्तों के साथ «-(으)려고» का इस्तेमाल करो।
नहीं! यही तो इसकी खूबी है। चाहे «가다» (vowel) हो या «먹다» (consonant), बस सीधा «-고자» जोड़ दो। जैसे «가고자» और «먹고자»। बस इतना ही!
इसका मतलब है 'किसी मकसद से' या 'उद्देश्य के लिए'। जैसे: «건강을 목적으로» (सेहत के मकसद से)।
हाँ! 'क्योंकि' (때문에) पुरानी वजह बताता है, जबकि '-을/를 목적으로' आने वाले कल के लक्ष्य को बताता है।
आमतौर पर नहीं। एडजेक्टिव्स को पहले -아/어지다 लगाकर वर्ब बनाना पड़ता है। इसलिए «행복해지고자» (खुश होने के लिए) तो ठीक है, पर «행복하고자» थोड़ा अजीब लगता है।
यह लिखने में तो बहुत कॉमन है ही, पर आप इसे भाषणों, न्यूज़ और फॉर्मल इंटरव्यू में भी सुनेंगे। इसे 'स्पोकन फॉर्मल' कोरियन माना जाता है, जैसे: «말씀드리고자 합니다» (मैं कुछ कहना चाहता हूँ)।
पिछला अध्याय
Classical Grammar and Dialects
अगला अध्याय
Recalling Observations and Habits
रोडमैप पर वापस