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A1 adjective #2,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 7 دقيقة للقراءة

친하다

chinhada
At the A1 level, '친하다' is one of the first adjectives you learn to describe people. You use it simply to say you have a friend or that you like someone. The focus is on the basic sentence structure: 'I am close with [Name].' You learn to use the particle '랑' (with) and the polite ending '친해요.' At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex nuances; just think of it as the Korean way to say 'to be close friends.' You might use it to introduce your best friend or talk about your family members. It's a very positive word that helps you build basic social connections in Korean.
At the A2 level, you start using '친하다' in more varied tenses and forms. You learn '친해지다' (to become close), which allows you to describe how a relationship has changed over time. You might say, 'We became close at school' or 'I want to become close with my coworkers.' You also begin to use the noun-modifying form '친한' to say things like '친한 친구' (a close friend). You understand that '친하다' requires a history of interaction and isn't just about being nice. You can also start using negative forms like '별로 안 친해요' (We aren't really close) to describe acquaintances more accurately.
At the B1 level, you begin to distinguish '친하다' from similar words like '친절하다' (kind) and '가깝다' (physically close). You can use '친하다' to discuss social dynamics in more detail, such as why two people are close or what activities they do together. You might use it in complex sentences with connectors like '-어서' (because) or '-는데' (but/and). For example, '우리는 성격이 달라서 안 친할 줄 알았는데, 지금은 아주 친해요' (I thought we wouldn't be close because our personalities are different, but now we are very close). You also start to recognize the word in media like dramas and understand the social implications of being 'close' in Korean society.
At the B2 level, you use '친하다' to explore deeper cultural concepts like '인맥' (social networking) and '의리' (loyalty). You understand that '친하다' can have different levels—from '그냥 친한 사이' (just a close relationship) to '죽고 못 사는 사이' (inseparable relationship). You can use more advanced adverbs to qualify the closeness, such as '무척' (extremely) or '상당히' (considerably). You also begin to use the noun '친분' (acquaintance/closeness) in formal contexts, such as '그분과는 개인적인 친분이 없습니다' (I have no personal acquaintance with that person). Your usage becomes more natural, reflecting the subtle social hierarchies of Korea.
At the C1 level, you can discuss the sociological and psychological aspects of '친하다.' You might analyze how the digital age affects how people '친해지다' (become close) or the difference between '진정한 친함' (true closeness) and '비즈니스적 친함' (professional closeness). You are comfortable using the word in academic or professional discussions about social capital. You also understand idiomatic expressions and proverbs related to closeness and can use them appropriately. You can navigate the fine line between being '친하다' and maintaining '예의' (etiquette), explaining how the two concepts coexist in Korean interpersonal relationships.
At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of '친하다' and its related Hanja roots. You can appreciate the word's usage in literature and classical texts, where the concept of '친' (closeness/kinship) is central to Confucian ethics. You can use the word and its derivatives (like '친밀감' - sense of intimacy) to write sophisticated essays on human nature or social structures. You understand the most subtle nuances, such as when using '친하다' might actually imply a lack of respect in certain hyper-formal contexts, or how it functions in political discourse to describe alliances. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker.
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친하다 في 30 ثانية

  • 친하다 describes emotional closeness between people, not physical distance.
  • It is commonly used with the particles '와/과' or '랑/이랑' to mean 'close with'.
  • The word '친해지다' is used to describe the process of becoming close over time.
  • Being '친하다' is often the cultural prerequisite for using informal language (banmal).

The Korean adjective 친하다 (chinhada) is a foundational word used to describe the emotional and social proximity between individuals. At its core, it signifies being 'close' or 'intimate' in a way that transcends mere acquaintance. Unlike the English word 'close,' which can refer to physical distance, 친하다 is strictly reserved for relationships and personal bonds. When you say you are '친하다' with someone, you are implying a level of comfort, mutual trust, and frequent interaction.

Etymological Root
The word is derived from the Hanja character 親 (친), which means 'parent,' 'relative,' or 'intimate.' This suggests a bond as deep as family.
Grammatical Category
It is an adjective (descriptive verb), meaning it describes a state of being rather than an action.
Social Nuance
In Korean culture, being 'close' often involves a shared history or a specific 'gyeok' (level of formality) that has been lowered over time.

우리는 어릴 때부터 아주 친하다. (We have been very close since we were young.)

To understand 친하다, one must understand the Korean concept of 'jeong' (affection). Being 친하다 means you have built enough 'jeong' with someone that formal barriers start to dissolve. It is the bridge between being a stranger and being 'family-like.' In many contexts, it is the prerequisite for using 'banmal' (informal speech). If you are not 친하다, using informal language can be seen as extremely rude.

그 두 사람은 별로 안 친하다. (Those two are not very close.)

The word also carries a connotation of 'friendliness.' A person who is '친절하다' (kind) might be easy to get '친하다' with. However, '친하다' is the state of the relationship, while '친절하다' is a personality trait. You can be kind to a stranger, but you cannot be '친하다' with a stranger. It requires time, shared experiences, and a mutual recognition of a bond.

Usage with Adverbs
Commonly paired with '아주' (very), '정말' (really), or '별로' (not really - used with negatives).

제일 친한 친구예요. (This is my closest/best friend.)

In professional settings, '친하다' might be used to describe a good working relationship, but it still retains a personal touch. If a boss and an employee are '친하다,' it implies they might grab drinks together or talk about non-work topics. It is a powerful word that defines the boundaries of one's social circle in Korea.

Using 친하다 correctly requires understanding its conjugation and the particles that accompany it. Because it is an adjective, it follows the standard rules for descriptive verbs in Korean. The most common way to express a relationship is using the pattern: [Person A] + 은/는 + [Person B] + 와/과/랑/이랑 + 친하다.

Present Tense
친해요 (Polite), 친해 (Informal), 친합니다 (Formal).
Past Tense
친했어요 (Polite), 친했어 (Informal).
Noun Modifying Form
친한 (e.g., 친한 사이 - a close relationship).

저는 제 동생이랑 아주 친해요. (I am very close with my younger sibling.)

When you want to describe the process of becoming close, you use the auxiliary verb -어지다 to form 친해지다 (to become close). This is a very common expression when talking about new friendships or improving relationships. For example, '우리는 금방 친해졌어요' means 'We became close quickly.'

그들과 친해지고 싶어요. (I want to become close with them.)

In terms of degree, you can use '절친하다' (to be extremely close/best friends), though '제일 친하다' (to be the closest) is more common in daily speech. '친하다' can also be used in the negative form '안 친하다' or '친하지 않다' to indicate that you are just acquaintances or that there is a distance between you.

Common Collocations
친한 친구 (Close friend), 친한 사이 (Close relationship), 친하게 지내다 (To get along closely).

우리는 친하게 지내고 있어요. (We are getting along closely/well.)

One subtle point: '친하다' is rarely used for romantic partners in the same way 'close' is used in English. While you are close to your partner, Koreans usually use words like '사랑하다' (to love) or '사귀다' (to date). '친하다' sounds more platonic or describes the friendship aspect of a romantic relationship.

You will encounter 친하다 in almost every social interaction in Korea. It is a staple of K-Dramas, variety shows, and daily conversations. In dramas, you'll often hear characters asking, '둘이 무슨 사이야? 친해?' (What's the relationship between you two? Are you close?) to probe for romantic or social connections.

In Variety Shows
Hosts often ask guests about their '인맥' (connections) and who they are '친하다' with in the industry.
In Schools
Students use it constantly to define their social groups. '나 걔랑 안 친해' (I'm not close with him/her) is a common way to distance oneself.

“너희 둘이 언제부터 그렇게 친했어?” (Since when did you two get so close?)

In the workplace, the term is used to describe team dynamics. A '친한 분위기' (friendly/close atmosphere) is often cited as a reason for job satisfaction. However, Koreans also value the distinction between '공' (public/work) and '사' (private). Being '친하다' with a boss might be seen as advantageous but also requires careful navigation of hierarchy.

“우리는 비즈니스적으로만 친해요.” (We are only close for business/professionally.)

Social media is another place where this word shines. Captions like '친한 친구랑 데이트' (Date with a close friend) or '더 친해지자' (Let's get closer) are ubiquitous. It is also used in the context of '친근하다' (to feel familiar/approachable), which is a related but slightly different nuance often used for celebrities who have a 'friendly' image.

The most frequent mistake learners make is confusing 친하다 with 가깝다 (gakkapda). While both can translate to 'close' in English, their usage in Korean is strictly divided. '가깝다' is for physical distance (e.g., the station is close) or occasionally for metaphorical distance in a more abstract sense, whereas '친하다' is exclusively for human relationships.

Incorrect Usage
우리는 집이 친해요 (X) -> 우리 집은 가까워요 (O). (Our houses are close.)
Incorrect Usage
그 친구랑 가까워요 (Possible but less common for emotional closeness) -> 그 친구랑 친해요 (O).

Wrong: 저랑 그 사람은 가까워요. (Meaning physical proximity usually)
Right: 저랑 그 사람은 친해요. (Meaning emotional closeness)

Another mistake is using the wrong particle. English speakers often want to say 'close to someone' and might try to use '에게' or '한테'. In Korean, you are close with someone, so you must use '와/과' or '랑/이랑'.

Learners also sometimes confuse '친하다' (to be close) with '친절하다' (to be kind). While a close friend is usually kind, the words are not interchangeable. You can be '친절하다' to a person you just met, but you cannot be '친하다' with them yet.

Confusing Adjective and Verb
Remember that '친하다' is an adjective. To say 'to get close,' you must use the '친해지다' form, not just '친하다' as a verb.

Wrong: 우리는 어제 친했어요. (Meaning 'we became close yesterday' - incorrect past tense usage for an event)
Right: 우리는 어제 친해졌어요. (We became close yesterday.)

Understanding the synonyms and related terms for 친하다 helps in grasping the subtle gradations of Korean social life. While '친하다' is the most general term, other words offer more specific nuances.

가깝다 (Gakkapda)
Usually physical distance, but can mean 'close' in terms of kinship (e.g., a close relative - 가까운 친척).
친근하다 (Chingeunhada)
To feel familiar or approachable. You might feel '친근하다' toward a celebrity you've never met because of their personality.
다정하다 (Dajeonghada)
To be warm, tender, or affectionate. This describes the way someone acts in a close relationship.

그 선생님은 학생들에게 매우 친근하다. (That teacher is very approachable/familiar to students.)

Then there are nouns that describe the state of being close. 친분 (Chinbun) refers to the 'closeness' or 'acquaintance' itself. You might say '친분이 있다' to mean 'I have a connection/acquaintance with that person.' 우정 (Ujeong) specifically refers to the 'friendship' between people.

우리는 절친 사이예요. (We are best friends.)

Lastly, 화목하다 (Hwamokhada) is used for groups, especially families, to mean 'harmonious.' While a family is '친하다,' describing them as '화목하다' emphasizes the peace and lack of conflict within the unit. Choosing the right word depends on whether you are describing the feeling (친근하다), the relationship (친하다), or the group dynamic (화목하다).

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1

저는 민수랑 친해요.

I am close with Minsu.

Uses the particle '랑' for 'with'.

2

우리는 아주 친해요.

We are very close.

Adverb '아주' modifies '친해요'.

3

친한 친구가 있어요?

Do you have a close friend?

Noun-modifying form '친한'.

4

동생이랑 친해요?

Are you close with your younger sibling?

Question form of '친하다'.

5

선생님이랑 안 친해요.

I am not close with the teacher.

Negative '안' before the adjective.

6

제일 친한 친구예요.

This is my best friend.

'제일' means 'most' or 'best'.

7

엄마랑 정말 친해요.

I am really close with my mom.

'정말' adds emphasis.

8

누구랑 친해요?

Who are you close with?

Interrogative '누구' (who).

1

학교에서 친구들과 친해졌어요.

I became close with friends at school.

Past tense of '친해지다' (to become close).

2

우리는 금방 친해질 거예요.

We will become close soon.

Future tense '-을 거예요'.

3

친하게 지내고 싶어요.

I want to get along closely.

'-게 지내다' means 'to live/get along in a certain way'.

4

그 사람이랑 어떻게 친해졌어요?

How did you become close with that person?

Interrogative '어떻게' (how).

5

별로 안 친한 사이예요.

We are not a very close relationship.

'별로' is used with negatives.

6

친한 친구를 만나러 가요.

I am going to meet a close friend.

Object marker '를' after '친구'.

7

더 친해지고 싶어서 선물을 샀어요.

I bought a gift because I want to become closer.

'-어서' indicates reason.

8

우리는 예전부터 친했어요.

We have been close since a long time ago.

Past tense '친했어요'.

1

성격이 비슷해서 금방 친해졌나 봐요.

They must have become close quickly because their personalities are similar.

'-나 보다' expresses an inference.

2

친하다고 해서 다 믿으면 안 돼요.

You shouldn't trust everyone just because you're close.

'-다고 해서' means 'just because...'

3

그와 친해지는 데 시간이 오래 걸렸어요.

It took a long time to become close with him.

'-는 데' indicates the process or time taken.

4

우리는 비록 멀리 살지만 아주 친해요.

Even though we live far apart, we are very close.

'비록 ... -지만' means 'even though'.

5

친한 사이일수록 예의를 지켜야 해요.

The closer you are, the more you should maintain etiquette.

'-을수록' means 'the more... the more...'

6

그들은 어릴 때부터 절친한 사이였다.

They have been best friends since they were young.

Literary style '-었다'.

7

회사 동료들과 친하게 지내려고 노력 중이에요.

I am trying to get along closely with my colleagues.

'-려고 노력 중이다' means 'in the middle of trying to'.

8

우리가 얼마나 친한지 당신은 모를 거예요.

You probably don't know how close we are.

'-는지' used for indirect questions/degree.

1

두 사람 사이에 상당한 친분이 있는 것 같아요.

It seems there is a considerable acquaintance between the two.

Uses the noun '친분' (acquaintance/closeness).

2

그와는 사적으로 친한 관계가 아닙니다.

I do not have a personally close relationship with him.

'사적으로' means 'personally/privately'.

3

오해 때문에 친했던 친구와 멀어지게 됐어요.

I became distant from a friend I was close to because of a misunderstanding.

'-게 되다' indicates a change in state.

4

친밀감을 높이기 위해 워크숍을 준비했습니다.

We prepared a workshop to increase the sense of intimacy.

'친밀감' means 'sense of intimacy'.

5

그녀는 누구와도 금방 친해지는 사교적인 성격이다.

She has a sociable personality that gets close to anyone quickly.

'사교적인' means 'sociable'.

6

서로 친하다고 생각했는데 저만의 착각이었나 봐요.

I thought we were close, but I guess it was just my misunderstanding.

'착각' means 'illusion/misunderstanding'.

7

그들은 겉으로는 친해 보이지만 속으로는 경쟁 관계다.

They look close on the outside, but they are rivals on the inside.

'겉으로는 ... 속으로는' means 'on the surface ... internally'.

8

가족처럼 친하게 지내는 이웃이 있어서 든든해요.

It's reassuring to have neighbors who are as close as family.

'든든하다' means 'to feel secure/reassured'.

1

현대 사회에서는 온라인으로만 친분을 쌓는 경우가 많다.

In modern society, there are many cases of building acquaintances only online.

'친분을 쌓다' is a common expression for 'building a relationship'.

2

그의 발언은 친한 사이에서나 할 수 있는 농담이었다.

His remark was a joke that could only be made between close people.

'-에서나' emphasizes the specific context.

3

정치적 이해관계로 인해 친했던 두 나라의 관계가 악화되었다.

The relationship between the two once-close countries worsened due to political interests.

'악화되다' means 'to worsen'.

4

인간관계에서 친함의 척도는 단순히 만난 횟수가 아니다.

In human relationships, the measure of closeness is not simply the number of times met.

'척도' means 'measure/yardstick'.

5

그는 공적인 자리에서도 친분을 과시하는 경향이 있다.

He tends to show off his personal connections even in public settings.

'과시하다' means 'to show off/flaunt'.

6

진정으로 친하다는 것은 서로의 단점까지 포용하는 것이다.

Being truly close means embracing even each other's flaws.

'포용하다' means 'to embrace/tolerate'.

7

오랜 세월을 함께하며 다져진 친분은 쉽게 무너지지 않는다.

An acquaintance solidified over many years does not easily crumble.

'다져지다' means 'to be solidified/strengthened'.

8

그와는 막역한 사이라 격식을 차릴 필요가 없다.

We are so close (unrestricted) that there is no need for formalities.

'막역한 사이' is an idiomatic expression for 'extremely close friends'.

1

친소 관계에 따라 정보의 전달 속도가 달라지기도 한다.

The speed of information transmission sometimes varies depending on the degree of closeness.

'친소 관계' (親疏 關係) refers to the degree of intimacy or distance.

2

군신 간의 친함이 지나치면 도리어 화를 부를 수 있다.

If the closeness between a monarch and a subject is excessive, it can instead invite disaster.

Reflects classical or historical philosophical nuances.

3

그의 문체는 독자에게 친근하게 다가가면서도 깊은 사유를 요구한다.

His writing style approaches the reader familiarly while demanding deep reflection.

'사유' means 'deep thought/contemplation'.

4

양국은 오랜 혈맹 관계를 바탕으로 두터운 친분을 유지해 왔다.

The two countries have maintained a deep friendship based on a long-standing blood alliance.

'두터운' (thick/deep) often modifies '친분'.

5

인간의 고독은 타인과 아무리 친해도 완전히 해소되지 않는 본질적인 것이다.

Human loneliness is an essential thing that is not completely resolved no matter how close one is to others.

'해소되다' means 'to be resolved/dissipated'.

6

그는 학문적 동지들과의 친분을 통해 지적 지평을 넓혔다.

He expanded his intellectual horizons through his close ties with academic comrades.

'지적 지평' means 'intellectual horizon'.

7

친함이라는 명목하에 타인의 사생활을 침해해서는 안 된다.

One must not infringe upon another's privacy under the pretext of being close.

'명목하에' means 'under the pretext/name of'.

8

무릇 친함이란 억지로 도모한다고 해서 이루어지는 것이 아니다.

In general, closeness is not something achieved just because one forcibly plans for it.

'무릇' is an archaic/formal way to start a general truth.

تلازمات شائعة

친한 친구
친한 사이
친하게 지내다
금방 친해지다
별로 안 친하다
아주 친하다
개인적으로 친하다
서로 친하다
친분을 쌓다
친분을 유지하다

العبارات الشائعة

우리 친해요.

둘이 친해?

친하게 지내요.

더 친해지고 싶어요.

제일 친한 친구예요.

나랑 친해지자.

별로 안 친한데요.

어떻게 친해졌어요?

친한 척하다

친해질 기회

يُخلط عادةً مع

친하다 vs 가깝다

Physical distance vs. emotional closeness.

친하다 vs 친절하다

Being kind (personality) vs. being close (relationship).

친하다 vs 익숙하다

Being used to something vs. being close to someone.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

""

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سهل الخلط

친하다 vs

친하다 vs

친하다 vs

친하다 vs

친하다 vs

أنماط الجُمل

كيفية الاستخدام

group usage

Can be used for groups: '우리 반은 다 친해요'.

object usage

Rarely used for objects (e.g., you aren't 'close' with a book).

social distance

Saying '안 친해요' is a polite way to set boundaries.

أخطاء شائعة
  • Using '가깝다' for people (e.g., 그 친구랑 가까워요 - sounds like physical proximity).
  • Using '에게' instead of '랑' (e.g., 민수에게 친해요).
  • Confusing '친하다' with '친절하다' (e.g., 그 사람은 친해서 좋아요 - should be 친절해서).
  • Using '친하다' as a verb without '-어지다' (e.g., 우리는 어제 친했어요 to mean 'became close').
  • Forgetting the 'ㄴ' in the modifier form (e.g., 친하다 친구 instead of 친한 친구).

نصائح

Particle Choice

Always pair '친하다' with '랑' or '와'. It's a common mistake to use 'to' (에게) instead of 'with'. Remember: you are close WITH someone in Korean. This makes your sentences sound much more natural.

The Banmal Bridge

Being '친하다' is the social permission needed for 'banmal'. If you're not sure if you're close enough, keep using 'jondaemal'. Wait for the older person to suggest '말 놓으세요' (Please speak comfortably). This shows you respect the relationship.

Becoming Close

Use '친해지다' to talk about the journey of a friendship. It's a very useful word for storytelling. For example, '여행을 가서 친해졌어요' (We became close by going on a trip). It shows growth and change.

Asking Carefully

Asking '둘이 친해요?' can sometimes be seen as nosy. Use it when the context is clear. It's a great way to understand the social map of a new group. It helps you know who to talk to.

Not Just Friends

You can be '친하다' with your siblings or parents. It means you have a good relationship. It's not limited to just friends. It's about the quality of the bond.

Using '절친'

In texting, use '절친' to refer to your bestie. It's short, cute, and very common. You can even use it as a noun: '내 절친이야'. It sounds very modern and friendly.

Polite Distancing

If someone asks if you're close to someone you don't like, '별로 안 친해요' is a perfect shield. It's not rude, just factual. It prevents people from assuming you're responsible for that person.

Soft 'H'

Don't over-pronounce the 'h' in 'chinhada'. Let it blend. It should sound almost like 'chin-ada'. This is how native speakers say it quickly in conversation.

Noun Modifiers

Remember '친한' is the form used before a noun. '친한 친구' (close friend), '친한 사이' (close relation). Practice this form as it's used more often than the sentence-ending form.

Needle and Thread

To describe two people who are always together because they are so '친하다', use '바늘과 실'. It's a classic idiom. It adds flavor to your Korean and shows you understand the culture.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Chin' (the body part). When you are 'Chin-hada' with someone, you are close enough to talk face-to-face, chin-to-chin!

أصل الكلمة

Sino-Korean

السياق الثقافي

Even if close, some level of respect (gyeok) is often maintained.

Closeness is the green light for informal speech.

Company dinners are designed to help coworkers '친해지다'.

Giving small gifts is a common way to become '친하다'.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

بدايات محادثة

"둘이 어떻게 친해졌어요?"

"학교에서 누구랑 제일 친해요?"

"우리 앞으로 더 친하게 지내요."

"그 연예인이랑 친하다는 게 사실이에요?"

"친해지고 싶은 사람이 있어요?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

가장 친한 친구에 대해 써 보세요.

최근에 누구와 친해졌나요?

사람들과 친해지는 자신만의 방법이 있나요?

친한 사이일수록 조심해야 할 점은 무엇일까요?

가족 중에서 누구와 가장 친한가요?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

Yes, you can, but it emphasizes the friendship aspect. Usually, people use '사랑하다' or '사귀다' for romantic partners. If you say '우리는 친해요', it might sound like you are just good friends. However, in a long-term relationship, it's a compliment to say you are also '친하다'.

Primarily, yes. It is used for human relationships or sometimes for pets. You wouldn't use it to say you are 'close' to a goal or a location. For locations, use '가깝다'. For goals, use '다다르다' or '가깝다'.

'친하다' is the state of being close (adjective). '친해지다' is the process of becoming close (verb). Use '친하다' to describe a current friend and '친해지다' to describe how you became friends. For example, '우리는 친해요' vs '우리는 작년에 친해졌어요'.

The most common way is '제일 친한 친구' (most close friend). You can also use the slang '절친' (short for 절친한 친구) or '베프' (short for Best Friend). In a more literary sense, you can use '죽마고우' for a childhood best friend.

Yes, but be careful. It implies a personal bond. If you want to say you have a good professional relationship, '친하게 지내다' is safe. In very formal documents, '친분' (acquaintance) or '협력 관계' (cooperative relationship) is better.

They share the same Hanja root '親' (close/parent), but they have different meanings. '친절하다' means 'to be kind' or 'hospitable'. You can be '친절' to a stranger, but you can only be '친' with someone you know well.

You can say '별로 안 친해요' or '그렇게 친하지 않아요'. This is a common and polite way to describe an acquaintance or someone you don't know very well yet.

Use '와/과' in writing or formal speech, and '랑/이랑' or '하고' in casual conversation. For example, '친구와 친하다' (written) or '친구랑 친해' (spoken). Never use '에게' or '한테' with '친하다'.

Yes, you can say '우리 강아지랑 친해요' (I am close with my dog). It implies a strong bond and affection between the owner and the pet, much like a human friendship.

Usually, yes. In Korean culture, once you are '친하다', you often discuss whether to switch to 'banmal' (informal speech). However, you can still be '친하다' and use 'jondaemal' if there is a significant age or rank difference.

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