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B2 noun #7,700 الأكثر شيوعاً 9 دقيقة للقراءة

확증

hwakjeung الأكثر شيوعاً #7,700

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح 확증 في 30 ثانية

الشرح 확증 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you don't need to use '확증' (hwak-jeung) very often. It is a big, serious word. Think of it as 'Super Evidence.' Usually, you use '증거' (jeung-geo) for 'proof' or '확인' (hwak-in) to say 'check' or 'confirm.' '확증' is special because it means the proof is 100% sure. If you see this word in a book, just remember it means 'really strong proof.' You might see it in a detective story or on the news. Even if you don't use it yet, knowing it means 'certain proof' will help you understand more difficult Korean stories later. For now, focus on '확인해요' (I check) and '증거가 있어요' (There is evidence).

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more formal words. '확증' (hwak-jeung) is a noun that means 'confirmation' or 'conclusive proof.' You can use it when you want to be very formal. For example, instead of saying 'I checked it,' if a scientist says 'I found the final proof,' they use '확증.' It is made of two Chinese characters: 'Hwak' (sure) and 'Jeung' (proof). You might hear it in dramas when the police find a fingerprint. It's a 'strong' word. If you use it, people will think your Korean is very good and serious. Just remember: '증거' (evidence) is for general things, and '확증' is for when you are absolutely sure.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

As a B1 learner, you should recognize '확증' (hwak-jeung) in news reports and formal writing. It translates to 'conclusive evidence' or 'corroboration.' It's more than just a piece of evidence; it's the evidence that confirms a theory or a fact. A common phrase you might encounter is '확증을 얻다' (to obtain confirmation). You use this when a hypothesis or a suspicion is finally proven true by a specific piece of data. It's also useful to know the verb form '확증하다' (to confirm). If you're writing an essay about a serious topic, using '확증' instead of '증거' shows that you understand the difference between 'some evidence' and 'definitive proof.'

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the B2 level, you should be comfortable using '확증' (hwak-jeung) in both writing and formal discussions. This word is essential for discussing topics like law, science, and psychology. One specific term you must know is '확증 편향' (Confirmation Bias), which is a very common topic in modern Korean discourse. You should understand that '확증' implies a level of certainty that '증거' (evidence) or '정황' (circumstances) does not. In a debate, you might say, '그 주장을 뒷받침할 만한 확증이 있습니까?' (Is there conclusive proof to support that claim?). This word helps you articulate high levels of logical certainty and is a hallmark of upper-intermediate proficiency.

For C1 learners, '확증' (hwak-jeung) is a tool for precise academic and professional communication. You should distinguish it from related terms like '입증' (the process of proving), '실증' (empirical proof), and '고증' (historical verification). At this level, you can use '확증' to discuss epistemological certainty or the validity of complex scientific models. You might encounter it in legal texts where the 'burden of proof' requires '확증'. You should also be able to use the passive form '확증되다' smoothly: '그의 가설은 수년간의 연구 끝에 마침내 확증되었다' (His hypothesis was finally confirmed after years of research). It's about the finality and the unshakeable nature of the truth presented.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

At the C2 level, '확증' (hwak-jeung) is used to navigate the highest levels of nuance in the Korean language. You understand its role in '확증적 요인 분석' (Confirmatory Factor Analysis) in statistics, or its philosophical implications in discussions about truth and verification. You can use it to critique the strength of an argument, noting where '증거' fails to reach the level of '확증'. You also understand the subtle stylistic choice of using Sino-Korean '확증' over native or more common terms to lend an air of authority and intellectual rigor to your speech or writing. At this level, you are not just using the word; you are using it to signal a specific evidentiary standard in complex, high-stakes environments.

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

تدرّب عليها أمثلة ملاحظات ونصائح

확증 في 30 ثانية

확증 (Hwak-jeung) means 'conclusive proof' or 'confirmation.'
It is a formal Sino-Korean word used in legal, scientific, and news contexts.
It is much stronger than the general word for evidence, '증거' (jeung-geo).
Commonly used in the psychological term '확증 편향' (Confirmation Bias).

The Korean word 확증 (Hwak-jeung) is a sophisticated noun that translates primarily to 'conclusive proof,' 'confirmation,' or 'corroboration.' While the basic word for evidence in Korean is 증거 (jeung-geo), 확증 carries a significantly higher evidentiary weight. It is not just a piece of data; it is the data that settles the matter once and for all. In the realm of linguistics, we categorize this as a Sino-Korean word, derived from the Hanja characters 確 (확 - certain/solid) and 證 (증 - proof/evidence). When you use this word, you are implying that the shadow of doubt has been removed. It is the 'smoking gun' in a criminal investigation or the 'peer-reviewed result' in a scientific breakthrough. For English speakers, think of the difference between saying 'I have some signs that it might rain' versus 'I have confirmation from the meteorological station that a storm is hitting.' The latter is where 확증 resides.

Etymological Nuance: The first character 確 (확) suggests something hard, like a rock, implying that the truth is now unshakeable. The second character 證 (증) relates to testimony or proof. Together, they create a concept of 'unshakeable proof.'
Psychological Context: In modern discourse, you will frequently encounter the term 확증 편향 (Confirmation Bias). This refers to the human tendency to search for, interpret, and recall information in a way that confirms one's pre-existing beliefs.

유전자 검사 결과가 범인의 신원을 밝히는 결정적인 확증이 되었다.
— The DNA test results became the decisive confirmation of the suspect's identity.

In everyday life, you might not use 확증 to talk about small things like whether a friend liked a movie. However, you will hear it in news reports concerning legal trials, scientific discoveries, or historical research. If a historian finds a new document that proves a specific event happened, they have found 확증. If a scientist observes a particle that was only theoretical before, that observation is the 확증 of the theory. It is a word of finality and authority. Using it correctly marks you as an advanced speaker who understands the hierarchy of information and truth in Korean society.

그의 주장은 아직 구체적인 확증이 부족하여 신뢰를 얻지 못하고 있다.
— His claim is not gaining trust because it lacks concrete confirmation.

Furthermore, the word often appears in the form of a verb phrase: 확증하다 (to confirm/corroborate) or in the passive form 확증되다 (to be confirmed). In a formal debate, if you provide a source that proves your point beyond doubt, you are providing 확증. It is an essential vocabulary item for anyone looking to pass the TOPIK II (Test of Proficiency in Korean) at levels 5 or 6, as it frequently appears in reading passages about sociology, law, and the hard sciences.

Understanding how to grammatically integrate 확증 into your Korean sentences is key to sounding natural. As a noun, it primarily functions as the object of a sentence or the subject. It is frequently paired with adjectives like 결정적인 (decisive), 명백한 (obvious/clear), or 과학적인 (scientific). Because it is a formal word, it is rarely found in highly casual, slang-heavy conversations but is a staple of professional writing and formal speeches.

Verb Pairing: ~을/를 얻다 (To obtain): When researchers or detectives finally find the proof they need, they 'obtain confirmation'. Example: '실험을 통해 이론의 확증을 얻었다' (Obtained confirmation of the theory through experiments).
Verb Pairing: ~이/가 부족하다 (To be lacking): Used when a theory is plausible but not yet proven. Example: '심증은 가나 확증이 부족하다' (I have a hunch, but the concrete proof is lacking).

과학자들은 블랙홀의 존재를 입증하는 확증을 제시했다.
— Scientists presented conclusive proof that confirms the existence of black holes.

When using the verb form 확증하다, the subject is typically the evidence itself or the person presenting it. For example, '이 문서는 그의 결백을 확증한다' (This document confirms his innocence). Notice how '확증' acts as a final seal of approval. It isn't just suggesting; it is establishing a fact. In academic writing, you might see the phrase 확증적 요인 분석 (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), which is a specific statistical method. This shows the word's versatility in technical fields.

재판부는 피고인의 유죄를 뒷받침할 만한 확증이 없다고 판단했다.
— The court judged that there was no conclusive proof to support the defendant's guilt.

Another common structure is ~라는 확증 (confirmation that...). For instance, '그가 살아 있다는 확증' (Confirmation that he is alive). This allows you to link a full clause to the noun '확증', specifying exactly what is being confirmed. This is particularly useful in complex narrative structures in literature or investigative journalism. Mastering this pattern will allow you to express nuanced certainties in your written Korean.

If you are a fan of Korean media, particularly legal thrillers, crime procedurals, or documentaries, you have likely heard 확증 multiple times. In a courtroom drama like 'Stranger' (비밀의 숲) or 'Law School' (로스쿨), the tension often revolves around finding that one piece of 결정적 확증 (decisive confirmation) that can overturn a case. Characters will argue over whether a piece of evidence is merely circumstantial (정황 증거) or if it constitutes absolute 확증.

News & Media: News anchors use this word when reporting on scientific discoveries or political scandals. '정부는 이번 사태에 대한 확실한 확증을 확보했습니다' (The government has secured clear confirmation regarding this incident).
Academic Lectures: In university settings, professors discuss the '확증' of hypotheses. It is a key term in the scientific method (과학적 방법론).

“범행 현장에서 발견된 지문이 가장 강력한 확증입니다.”
— "The fingerprint found at the crime scene is the strongest confirmation." (Common line in police dramas)

In the digital age, you will also see this word used in discussions about social psychology and the internet. The term 확증 편향 (Confirmation Bias) is frequently brought up in debates about echo chambers and social media algorithms. People discuss how we only look for '확증' that supports our own political views while ignoring contradictory evidence. This usage has moved from academic psychology into the common vernacular of the educated public.

인터넷의 발달로 많은 사람들이 자신의 생각만 지지하는 확증만을 수집하려 한다.
— With the development of the internet, many people try to collect only confirmation that supports their own thoughts.

Finally, in business contexts, '확증' might be used when discussing market research or feasibility studies. Before a company invests billions of won into a new project, they need '시장성에 대한 확증' (confirmation of marketability). If you are working in a Korean office, providing '확증' for your claims in a report is the fastest way to gain your manager's approval. It shows that your suggestions are based on hard facts rather than mere intuition.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 확증 where 증거 (jeung-geo) would be more appropriate. While they both relate to proof, '증거' is the broad category, and '확증' is a specific, powerful sub-type. If you are talking about a receipt for a coffee you bought, calling it '확증' sounds overly dramatic and strange; it's just '증거' or '영수증'. Use '확증' only when the stakes are high or the proof is definitive.

Confusing 확증 (Confirmation) with 확신 (Conviction): '확신' (Hwak-sin) is an internal feeling of being sure. '확증' is an external piece of evidence that proves something. You can have '확신' without '확증', which often leads to mistakes!
Overusing the Verb Form: Learners often say '확증해요' in casual settings. It is better to use '확인해요' (check/confirm) for daily tasks like checking a reservation. '확증하다' is for formal verification of theories or legal facts.

나는 그가 올 것이라는 확증이 있다. (X)
나는 그가 올 것이라는 확신이 있다. (O)
— Mistake: Using 'confirmation' when you mean 'personal conviction'.

Another error is failing to distinguish between 입증 (ip-jeung) and 확증. '입증' is the *act* of proving something (the process), whereas '확증' is the *evidence* that provides the proof (the object). You '입증' a theory by presenting '확증'. Mixing these up can make your academic writing seem confused. Always remember: '확증' is a thing you have or find; '입증' is a thing you do.

실험 결과가 가설을 확증해 주었다.
— The experimental results confirmed the hypothesis. (Correct use of the verb form in a formal context)

Lastly, pay attention to the level of formality. Using '확증' in a conversation with a close friend about where you left your keys will sound like you are speaking like a character in a noir film. It's grammatically correct but socially 'heavy'. For everyday proof, use 증거 or simply 봤어 (I saw it). Reserve '확증' for when you need to sound authoritative, precise, and serious.

To truly master 확증, you must see how it sits alongside its linguistic cousins. Korean has many words for 'proof' and 'confirmation,' each with a specific flavor. By choosing the right one, you demonstrate a deep understanding of the language's nuance.

증거 (Jeung-geo) vs. 확증 (Hwak-jeung): '증거' is the general term for any evidence. '확증' is the 'smoking gun'—evidence that is conclusive and leaves no room for doubt. All 확증 are 증거, but not all 증거 are 확증.
입증 (Ip-jeung): This focuses on the *process* of proving. While '확증' is the proof itself, '입증' is the act of using that proof to demonstrate a truth. You '입증' (prove) something using '확증' (conclusive proof).
실증 (Sil-jeung): '실증' refers to empirical proof—proof based on actual experience or experiments. It is often used in philosophy and social sciences (e.g., positivism is '실증주의').

그 이론은 실증적인 자료를 통해 확증되었다.
— The theory was confirmed through empirical data.

If you are looking for a more common, everyday alternative, 확인 (Hwak-in) is your best bet. '확인' means 'check' or 'confirmation' in a general sense. You '확인' your email or '확인' a flight time. '확증' would be far too heavy for these situations. On the other hand, if you are discussing historical research, you might use 고증 (Go-jeung), which refers specifically to historical research and the verification of historical facts based on old documents or artifacts.

이 유물은 당시의 생활상을 보여주는 중요한 고증 자료이다.
— This artifact is an important historical verification material showing the lifestyle of that time.

In some legal contexts, you might also hear 소명 (So-myeong). This refers to a lower level of proof than '확증'. '소명' is enough to make a judge think something is *likely* true, whereas '확증' is enough to make them *certain*. Understanding these tiers of certainty will help you navigate complex Korean texts and media with much greater ease.

How Formal Is It?

حقيقة ممتعة

The character 確 contains the 'stone' (石) radical, suggesting that the truth is as solid as a rock. The character 證 contains the 'speech' (言) radical, relating to testimony.

دليل النطق

UK /ʰwak.t͈ɕɯŋ/

US /hwɑk.dʒʌŋ/

The stress is balanced, but the second syllable '증' is pronounced with more tension due to the 'k' ending of the first syllable.

يتقافى مع

검증 (geom-jeung) 인증 (in-jeung) 실증 (sil-jeung) 입증 (ip-jeung) 보증 (bo-jeung) 통증 (tong-jeung) 염증 (yeom-jeung) 후유증 (hu-yu-jeung)

أخطاء شائعة

Pronouncing 'hwak' as two syllables.
Failing to tense the 'j' sound in 'jeung'.
Using a soft 'g' sound instead of an unreleased 'k'.
Confusing the vowel 'eu' (ㅡ) with 'u' (ㅜ).
Replacing the 'h' with a 'w' sound.

مستوى الصعوبة

القراءة 4/5

Common in news and books but requires knowing Hanja roots for full nuance.

الكتابة 5/5

Difficult to use naturally without sounding overly formal.

التحدث 4/5

Rare in casual speech; usually reserved for debates or serious talk.

الاستماع 4/5

Must be distinguished from similar-sounding words like '확인'.

ماذا تتعلّم بعد ذلك

المتطلبات الأساسية

증거 (Evidence) 확실하다 (To be certain) 확인 (Check) 사실 (Fact) 결정적 (Decisive)

تعلّم لاحقاً

입증 (Proof/Process) 실증 (Empirical) 고증 (Historical) 반증 (Counter-evidence) 소명 (Explanation/Lower proof)

متقدم

인식론 (Epistemology) 방법론 (Methodology) 귀납법 (Induction) 연역법 (Deduction) 개연성 (Probability)

قواعد يجب معرفتها

~라는 (Noun Modifier)

그가 무죄라는 확증

~을/를 통해 (Through)

실험을 통해 확증을 얻다

~에 대한 (About/Toward)

가설에 대한 확증

~기 위해 (In order to)

확증을 잡기 위해 노력하다

~지 못하다 (Cannot)

확증을 찾지 못했다

سجّل مجاناً لقراءة الشرح الكامل

أمثلة حسب المستوى

이것은 확실한 증거, 즉 확증입니다.

This is sure evidence, in other words, confirmation.

Using '즉' (in other words) to explain the difficult word.

경찰은 확증을 찾고 싶어해요.

The police want to find conclusive proof.

Object + 을/를 + 찾다 (to look for).

그 이야기는 확증이 없어요.

That story has no confirmation.

Subject + 이/가 + 없다 (to not have/exist).

우리는 확증이 필요합니다.

We need confirmation.

Noun + 이/가 + 필요하다 (to need).

이 사진이 확증이에요.

This photo is the proof.

Noun + 이에요 (is).

확증을 보여주세요.

Please show me the confirmation.

Imperative -주세요 (please do).

그것은 아직 확증이 아니에요.

That is not confirmation yet.

Noun + 이/가 + 아니에요 (is not).

확증을 찾아서 기뻐요.

I am happy because I found confirmation.

-아서/어서 (because/so) expressing emotion.

과학자는 새로운 확증을 발견했습니다.

The scientist discovered new confirmation.

Formal past tense -았습니다/었습니다.

이 문서가 당신의 주장에 대한 확증입니다.

This document is the confirmation for your claim.

~에 대한 (about/for) modifying a noun.

확증이 생기면 다시 연락할게요.

I will contact you again when I get confirmation.

~면 (if/when) conditional.

결정적인 확증을 찾는 것이 중요해요.

Finding decisive confirmation is important.

-는 것 (making a verb into a noun phrase).

그는 확증도 없이 나를 의심해요.

He suspects me even without confirmation.

~도 없이 (even without).

이것이 사실이라는 확증이 있나요?

Is there confirmation that this is true?

~라는 (that is...) modifying a noun.

우리는 더 많은 확증을 모아야 합니다.

We must collect more confirmation.

~아/어야 하다 (must/have to).

확증이 없어서 범인을 잡지 못했어요.

Because there was no confirmation, they couldn't catch the criminal.

~지 못하다 (cannot - strong negation).

실험을 통해 가설의 확증을 얻었습니다.

Through the experiment, we obtained confirmation of the hypothesis.

~을 통해 (through/via).

그의 범죄를 입증할 확증이 발견되었습니다.

Conclusive proof to prove his crime has been found.

Passive form 발견되다 (to be discovered).

심증은 있지만 아직 확증은 부족한 상태입니다.

We have a hunch, but conclusive proof is still lacking.

Contrastive ~지만 (but).

뉴스에서는 이번 사건의 확증을 보도했습니다.

The news reported the confirmation of this case.

Noun + 을/를 + 보도하다 (to report).

정확한 확증 없이 남을 비난해서는 안 됩니다.

You should not criticize others without accurate confirmation.

~해서는 안 된다 (should not do).

이 데이터는 우리 이론을 확증해 줍니다.

This data confirms our theory.

Verb + 아/어 주다 (to do something for/as a service).

확증이 나올 때까지 기다려 봅시다.

Let's wait until the confirmation comes out.

~을 때까지 (until the time when).

그 서류는 그가 무죄라는 결정적 확증이었습니다.

That document was the decisive confirmation that he was innocent.

Modifier '결정적' (decisive).

사람들은 종종 자신의 믿음을 지지하는 확증만을 찾으려 한다.

People often try to find only confirmation that supports their beliefs.

~으려 하다 (try to/intend to).

확증 편향은 논리적인 판단을 방해하는 요소입니다.

Confirmation bias is a factor that interferes with logical judgment.

Specific term: 확증 편향.

이 연구 결과는 기존의 학설을 확증하는 데 기여했다.

The results of this study contributed to confirming the existing theory.

~하는 데 기여하다 (contribute to doing something).

검찰은 피고인의 혐의를 확증할 만한 새로운 증거를 제시했다.

The prosecution presented new evidence capable of confirming the defendant's charges.

~할 만한 (worth doing/capable of).

역사적 문헌을 통해 그 사건의 진실이 확증되었다.

The truth of the event was confirmed through historical documents.

Passive '확증되었다'.

충분한 확증 없이 결론을 내리는 것은 위험합니다.

It is dangerous to draw a conclusion without sufficient confirmation.

Gerund '-는 것' as subject.

이 지표들은 경제 회복의 확증으로 받아들여지고 있다.

These indicators are being accepted as confirmation of economic recovery.

~로 받아들여지다 (to be accepted as).

우리는 그가 범인이라는 확증을 잡기 위해 함정을 팠다.

We set a trap to catch confirmation that he was the criminal.

~기 위해 (in order to).

과학적 방법론에서 가설의 확증은 실험의 반복성을 전제로 한다.

In scientific methodology, confirmation of a hypothesis presupposes the repeatability of experiments.

~을 전제로 한다 (presupposes/is based on).

그의 주장은 논리적으로는 타당해 보이나, 실질적인 확증이 결여되어 있다.

His argument seems logically valid, but it lacks substantial confirmation.

Formal verb '결여되어 있다' (to be lacking/void of).

재판부는 직접적인 확증이 없는 한 유죄 판결을 내릴 수 없다고 명시했다.

The court stated that a guilty verdict cannot be rendered unless there is direct confirmation.

~없는 한 (unless/as long as there isn't).

이 유물은 고대 문명의 교류를 확증해 주는 결정적인 사료이다.

This artifact is a decisive historical source that confirms the exchange of ancient civilizations.

Term '사료' (historical material).

통계적 유의미함이 반드시 이론의 확증을 의미하는 것은 아니다.

Statistical significance does not necessarily mean confirmation of a theory.

Partial negation '반드시 ~하는 것은 아니다'.

현대 사회에서 정보의 홍수는 오히려 확증 편향을 심화시키는 경향이 있다.

In modern society, the flood of information tends to deepen confirmation bias.

~하는 경향이 있다 (tends to).

그 이론은 다각도의 검증 과정을 거쳐 마침내 확증의 단계에 이르렀다.

The theory went through a multi-faceted verification process and finally reached the stage of confirmation.

~에 이르다 (to reach).

실증주의 철학은 객관적인 확증이 가능한 지식만을 진리로 인정한다.

Positivist philosophy accepts only knowledge that is capable of objective confirmation as truth.

Complex noun phrase with '가능한' (possible).

인식론적 관점에서 절대적 확증이란 도달하기 어려운 이상에 가깝다.

From an epistemological perspective, absolute confirmation is close to an ideal that is difficult to reach.

~이란 (as for... defining a concept).

확증적 요인 분석을 통해 변인들 간의 상관관계를 면밀히 고찰하였다.

Through confirmatory factor analysis, the correlations between variables were closely examined.

Academic verb '고찰하였다' (examined/considered).

과학적 패러다임의 전환은 기존의 확증들이 반증되는 과정에서 일어난다.

A shift in scientific paradigm occurs in the process where existing confirmations are falsified.

Term '반증되다' (to be falsified/disproven).

해당 논문은 방대한 데이터를 바탕으로 가설을 확증하며 학계의 주목을 받았다.

The paper received attention from the academic community by confirming the hypothesis based on vast data.

~을 바탕으로 (based on).

법치주의 국가에서 형사 처벌은 합리적 의심의 여지가 없는 확증을 요한다.

In a state governed by the rule of law, criminal punishment requires confirmation beyond a reasonable doubt.

Verb '요한다' (requires/demands).

심리학자들은 확증 편향이 인간의 생존 본능과 어떻게 결합되어 있는지 연구한다.

Psychologists study how confirmation bias is coupled with human survival instincts.

Indirect question '어떻게 ~하는지'.

뉴턴의 법칙은 아인슈타인의 상대성 이론이 등장하기 전까지 불변의 확증으로 여겨졌다.

Newton's laws were regarded as immutable confirmation until Einstein's theory of relativity appeared.

~로 여겨졌다 (was regarded as).

데이터의 자의적 해석은 확증이 아닌 왜곡된 결론을 초래할 뿐이다.

Arbitrary interpretation of data only leads to distorted conclusions, not confirmation.

~을 초래할 뿐이다 (only results in).

المرادفات

증거 확실한 증거 입증 실증

الأضداد

반증 의혹

تلازمات شائعة

결정적인 확증

확증을 얻다

확증이 부족하다

확증을 제시하다

과학적 확증

확증을 확보하다

확증을 뒷받침하다

확증을 요구하다

명백한 확증

확증을 거치다

العبارات الشائعة

확증 편향

— Confirmation bias; the tendency to favor information that confirms one's beliefs.

확증 편향에 빠지지 않도록 주의해야 한다.

심증은 가나 확증이 없다

— To have a strong hunch or suspicion but no concrete proof.

그가 범인이라는 심증은 가나 확증이 없다.

확증을 잡다

— To catch or secure definitive proof.

드디어 결정적인 확증을 잡았다.

확증을 대다

— To provide or cite proof for a claim.

네 말이 맞다면 확증을 대 봐.

확증적 증거

— Confirmatory evidence.

확증적 증거가 발견되어 수사가 급물살을 탔다.

확증이 서다

— To become certain of something (usually a thought or theory).

이제야 그가 범인이라는 확증이 선다.

확증을 보이다

— To show or demonstrate proof.

그는 자신의 능력을 확증해 보였다.

확증 단계

— The stage of confirmation/verification.

연구는 이제 확증 단계에 들어섰다.

확증 자료

— Confirmatory materials/data.

확증 자료를 보관함에 넣었다.

확증을 내리다

— To make a final confirmation/judgment.

섣불리 확증을 내려서는 안 된다.

يُخلط عادةً مع

확증 vs 확신

확신 is an internal feeling (conviction), while 확증 is external proof (confirmation).

확증 vs 확인

확인 is a simple check or verification process, while 확증 is the final conclusive evidence.

확증 vs 확정

확정 means to finalize a decision (e.g., a schedule), while 확증 means to prove a fact.

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"못을 박다"

— To make something absolutely clear and certain (similar to providing 확증).

그는 이번 일에 대해 다시는 하지 않겠다고 못을 박았다.

Informal/Idiomatic

"쐐기를 박다"

— To drive a wedge; to settle a matter decisively (often by providing 확증).

그의 마지막 골이 승리에 쐐기를 박았다.

Journalistic/Sports

"빼도 박도 못하다"

— To be in a situation where one cannot move or deny anything (often due to 확증).

확증이 발견되자 그는 빼도 박도 못하게 되었다.

Informal

"발목을 잡다"

— To hold someone back; sometimes used when a lack of 확증 holds back a case.

확증 부족이 수사의 발목을 잡았다.

Journalistic

"꼬리가 길면 밟힌다"

— If you do bad things long enough, you will eventually leave 확증 and get caught.

결국 꼬리가 길면 밟히는 법이지.

Proverb

"손바닥으로 하늘 가리기"

— Trying to hide something obvious (trying to deny 확증).

그렇게 거짓말하는 것은 손바닥으로 하늘 가리기다.

Proverb

"아니 땐 굴뚝에 연기 날까"

— Where there's smoke, there's fire (implying there must be some 확증).

소문이 도는 걸 보니 아니 땐 굴뚝에 연기 날까 싶다.

Proverb

"도둑이 제 발 저리다"

— A guilty person gives themselves away (often leading to 확증).

질문도 안 했는데 변명하는 걸 보니 도둑이 제 발 저린 모양이다.

Proverb

"쇠뿔도 단김에 빼라"

— Strike while the iron is hot (often used when you find 확증 to finish a task).

확증을 찾았으니 쇠뿔도 단김에 빼듯 바로 처리하자.

Proverb

"등잔 밑이 어둡다"

— It's easy to miss proof (확증) right in front of you.

확증이 바로 옆에 있었는데 등잔 밑이 어두웠다.

Proverb

سهل الخلط

확증 vs 증거

Both mean proof.

증거 is any evidence; 확증 is conclusive, certain evidence.

지문은 증거이지만, DNA는 확증에 가깝다.

확증 vs 입증

Both relate to proving.

입증 is the act/process of proving; 확증 is the thing that proves it.

증거를 통해 입증하다.

확증 vs 실증

Both involve proof.

실증 specifically refers to empirical or experimental proof.

실증적 연구.

확증 vs 고증

Both involve verification.

고증 is specifically for historical facts and artifacts.

역사 고증.

확증 vs 방증

Both are legal terms.

방증 is supporting or indirect evidence; 확증 is direct, conclusive evidence.

그의 알리바이는 방증이 된다.

أنماط الجُمل

이것은 [Noun]의 확증입니다.

이것은 사실의 확증입니다.

[Noun]을/를 통해 확증을 얻다.

조사를 통해 확증을 얻었다.

[Verb]라는 확증이 있다/없다.

그가 범인이라는 확증이 없다.

결정적인 확증이 [Verb].

결정적인 확증이 발견되었다.

확증 편향에 빠지다.

우리는 종종 확증 편향에 빠진다.

확증을 뒷받침하다.

이 결과는 내 주장을 확증을 뒷받침한다.

확증적 요인 분석을 실시하다.

연구팀은 확증적 요인 분석을 실시했다.

확증이 결여되다.

그 논리는 실질적인 확증이 결여되어 있다.

عائلة الكلمة

الأسماء

확증 (Confirmation)

증거 (Evidence)

입증 (Proof/Act of proving)

실증 (Empirical proof)

الأفعال

확증하다 (To confirm)

확증되다 (To be confirmed)

증명하다 (To prove)

الصفات

확증적인 (Confirmatory)

확실한 (Certain)

명백한 (Obvious)

مرتبط

확신 (Conviction)

확인 (Check)

확보 (Securing)

확정 (Finalization)

증빙 (Voucher/Evidence)

سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

كيفية الاستخدام

frequency

Medium-High in formal contexts; Low in daily casual speech.

أخطاء شائعة

Using 확증 for 'checking' a reservation. → 확인 (Hwak-in)
확증 is for proving facts, 확인 is for checking information.
Using 확증 when you mean 'personal feeling of certainty'. → 확신 (Hwak-sin)
확신 is internal; 확증 is external evidence.
Confusing 입증 and 확증. → 입증 (Act), 확증 (Object)
You use 확증 to perform the act of 입증.
Saying '확증을 했어요' for a simple task. → 확인했어요
확증하다 is too formal for daily life.
Using 확증 for 'supporting' evidence that isn't conclusive. → 증거 or 방증
확증 must be definitive.

نصائح

Legal Context

In dramas, when a character says '확증 있어요?', they are asking for the smoking gun that can win the case.

Psychology

Always remember '확증 편향' (Confirmation Bias). It is a very common phrase in modern Korean media.

Academic Tone

Use '확증하다' instead of '말하다' or '보여주다' when writing about scientific results to sound more professional.

Sound Patterns

The 'Hwak' sound in Korean often relates to 'certainty'. Linking 'Hwak-jeung' to 'Hwak-sil' (certain) helps memory.

Particle Choice

Use '확증이' when saying proof exists/lacks, and '확증을' when finding or presenting it.

Debating

Use this word to sound more authoritative during a formal discussion or debate.

The Gavel

Visualize a judge's gavel (Hwak!) confirming the truth (Jeung).

Vs. Confirmation

Don't confuse with '확인'. '확인' is a check; '확증' is the proof itself.

Formal Speech

Use '확증되었습니다' in presentations to announce that a project's success has been proven.

Korean News

Watch the news for the phrase '확정적 확증' (definitive confirmation) during political scandals.

احفظها

وسيلة تذكّر

Think of 'Hwak' as 'Whack!'—the sound of a judge's gavel hitting a desk when he finds 'Hwak-jeung' (conclusive proof).

ربط بصري

Imagine a big, heavy stone (確) sitting on top of a legal document (證). It's unshakeable.

Word Web

Evidence Truth Certainty Law Science Confirmation Bias Fact

تحدٍّ

Try to find one news article today in Korean that uses the word '확증' and write down the sentence.

أصل الكلمة

Derived from Sino-Korean (Hanja).

المعنى الأصلي: 確 (확) means 'certain' or 'solid'. 證 (증) means 'proof' or 'testimony'. Together, they mean 'solid proof'.

Sino-Korean (Chinese characters used in Korean).

السياق الثقافي

No specific sensitivities; it is a neutral, formal term.

Similar to 'conclusive evidence' or 'beyond a reasonable doubt' in legal contexts.

Used frequently in the drama 'Stranger' (비밀의 숲). Key term in the book 'Thinking, Fast and Slow' translated into Korean. Commonly used in Korean science documentaries about space and biology.

تدرّب في الحياة الواقعية

سياقات واقعية

Legal Trial

유죄의 확증
확증 제시
확증 부족
결정적 확증

Scientific Research

가설 확증
실험적 확증
확증 데이터
이론의 확증

Daily Argument

확증 있어?
확증을 대 봐
심증뿐이다
확증을 잡다

Psychology

확증 편향
인지 부조화
자기 확증
정보의 선택

Historical Study

역사적 확증
고증 자료
사실 확증
문헌 확증

بدايات محادثة

"혹시 확증 편향이라는 말을 들어본 적이 있나요?"

"이 사건에 대해 결정적인 확증이 나왔다고 생각하세요?"

"우리가 믿는 것들이 정말 확증된 사실일까요?"

"과학적으로 확증되지 않은 정보를 믿는 것에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"재판에서 확증이 얼마나 중요하다고 생각하시나요?"

مواضيع للكتابة اليومية

최근에 내가 '확증 편향'에 빠졌던 경험이 있는지 써보세요.

내가 믿고 있는 신념 중 하나를 확증할 수 있는 방법은 무엇일까요?

증거와 확증의 차이에 대해 나만의 정의를 내려보세요.

뉴스에서 본 사건 중 확증이 부족해서 해결되지 않은 사례를 적어보세요.

어떤 사실을 확증하기 위해 가장 필요한 가치는 무엇이라고 생각하나요?

الأسئلة الشائعة

10 أسئلة

No, you should use '확인' (hwak-in). '확증' is for proving facts or theories, not for checking schedules.

It means 'Confirmation Bias,' where you only look for info that supports what you already believe.

Rarely. It's usually used in formal situations like a debate, a court case, or scientific discussions.

You say '결정적인 확증' (gyeol-jeong-jeok-in hwak-jeung).

Think of '증거' as 'evidence' and '확증' as 'smoking gun' or 'conclusive proof'.

Yes, '확증하다' means 'to confirm' or 'to corroborate' in a formal way.

Yes, it comes from 確 (certain) and 證 (proof).

It means 'lacking conclusive proof.' It's used when you suspect something but can't prove it yet.

It refers to evidence that is sufficient to prove a defendant's guilt beyond doubt.

A direct opposite would be '반증' (counter-evidence or disproof).

سجّل مجاناً للنصائح والملاحظات