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A2 verb #6,000 الأكثر شيوعاً 9 دقيقة للقراءة

불참하다

To be absent, not to attend.

At the A1 level, you primarily learn simple verbs like '가다' (to go) and '오다' (to come). To express that you aren't going somewhere, you might say '안 가요' (I'm not going). '불참하다' is a bit advanced for absolute beginners because it is a formal Hanja-based word. However, you might see the word '불참' on a simple RSVP button or a sign-up sheet. At this stage, just think of '불참하다' as a very polite and official way to say 'I will not be there.' You don't need to use it in daily conversation with friends, but recognizing it when you see it in a formal notice is a great first step. Remember the simple pattern: [Place/Event] + 에 + 불참해요.
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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more specific vocabulary for different situations. '불참하다' is an important word for you now because you are likely learning how to handle formal situations like office work or official invitations. You should know that '불참하다' is different from '결석하다' (missing school). If you are at a workplace or a formal gathering, using '불참하다' makes you sound more professional and respectful. You should practice using it with the particle '-에'. For example, '회의에 불참해요' (I am absent from the meeting). You are also learning how to give reasons using '-아서/어서', so you can start saying things like '바빠서 불참해요' (I am absent because I am busy).
At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '불참하다' in both written and spoken formal contexts. You understand that this word carries a certain social weight. You likely use it with more complex grammar, such as '-게 되다' to sound more polite ('불참하게 되었습니다' - I have ended up being absent). You also recognize the noun form '불참' and can use it in phrases like '불참 사유' (reason for absence). At this level, you are expected to distinguish between '불참하다' and its synonyms like '빠지다' (casual) or '결근하다' (missing work). You can use it to write formal emails or messages to professors or managers, showing that you understand the appropriate register for professional communication.
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At the B2 level, you can use '불참하다' fluently in various formal and semi-formal settings. You understand the nuances of why a person might choose '불참하다' over '참석하지 않다' (the former being more concise and official). You can use it in the passive or honorific forms effortlessly ('불참하시다'). You also understand how it is used in news reports and official statements to describe public figures. You can discuss the social implications of '불참' in Korean culture, such as how it might be perceived in a hierarchical organization. Your use of the word is naturally paired with advanced connectors and formal endings like '-음/기' in reports or '-습니다' in presentations.
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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the Hanja roots (不 + 參) and can relate '불참하다' to other related words like '참관하다' (to observe) or '동참하다' (to join in). You can use '불참하다' in academic writing, legal contexts, or high-level business negotiations. You understand the subtle difference between '불참' and '기권' (abstention) in a voting or sports context. You can use the word to express abstract concepts, such as '역사의 현장에 불참하다' (to be absent from a historical moment). Your mastery includes knowing exactly when the word might sound too stiff and when it is absolutely required to maintain face (체면) in a professional Korean environment.
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At the C2 level, '불참하다' is a basic tool in your vast vocabulary. You use it with the precision of a native speaker, often employing it in sophisticated wordplay or highly formal rhetoric. You can analyze the frequency of its use in different historical periods or literary genres. You understand how the word functions in the broader context of Sino-Korean vocabulary and can compare its usage with similar concepts in other East Asian languages. You can write official press releases or legal documents where '불참' is used to define specific liabilities or conditions. For you, the word is not just a verb but a part of the complex fabric of Korean social and institutional structure.
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أمثلة

불참하다 في 30 ثانية

  • Formal verb meaning 'to be absent' from events or meetings.
  • Rooted in Hanja: 不 (not) + 參 (participate).
  • Used in professional, academic, and ceremonial contexts.
  • Requires the particle '-에' for the event being missed.

The Korean verb 불참하다 (bulcham-hada) is a formal and precise way to express the act of not attending or being absent from a scheduled event, meeting, or gathering. It is a Sino-Korean word, derived from the Hanja characters 不 (불 - not) and 參 (참 - participate/attend). In the hierarchy of Korean vocabulary, it sits significantly higher in formality than the everyday verb 빠지다 (ppajida), which means 'to skip' or 'to drop out.' When you use 불참하다, you are communicating a sense of official notification or formal record-keeping. It is the standard term used in business emails, academic notices, and formal invitations.

Core Meaning
To officially not participate in a pre-arranged event or assembly.
Etymological Root
Derived from 'Bul' (No) + 'Cham' (Participate), literally meaning 'Non-participation'.

In Korean society, where group harmony and attendance are often seen as markers of respect and commitment, the act of 불참 is something that usually requires a valid reason and a formal explanation. Whether it is a corporate seminar, a wedding ceremony, or a local community meeting, using this word signals that you recognize the importance of the event despite your inability to be there. It transitions the act of 'not going' from a personal choice to a formal status. For instance, in a news report about a politician missing a session, the journalist will invariably use 불참하다 rather than any colloquial alternative.

개인적인 사정으로 이번 회의에 불참하게 되었습니다. (I have ended up being absent from this meeting due to personal circumstances.)

The word is versatile but requires the correct particle. You '불참' 에 (at/to) an event. This grammatical structure is vital because it links the action of non-attendance directly to the specific occasion. In professional settings, you will often see the noun form 불참 used in lists or spreadsheets, such as '불참 사유' (reason for non-attendance). Understanding this word helps learners navigate the complexities of Korean social etiquette, where the way you announce your absence is just as important as the absence itself.

많은 회원들이 행사에 불참하여 행사가 취소되었다. (The event was canceled because many members did not attend.)

Using 불참하다 correctly involves understanding its syntactic requirements and the contexts that trigger its use. As a verb, it typically follows the pattern: [Event/Meeting] + 에 + 불참하다. The particle -에 indicates the destination or the event that one is missing. It is rarely used with the object particle -를/을, as the event is seen as a point in time or a location of participation rather than a direct object being acted upon. This subtle distinction is a common point of confusion for English speakers who might think of 'missing an event' as a direct action.

Sentence Pattern 1
[Noun] + 에 불참하다 (To be absent from [Noun])
Sentence Pattern 2
[Reason] + -으로 인해 불참하다 (To be absent due to [Reason])

When you are explaining your absence, it is common to pair 불참하다 with the auxiliary verb -게 되다, resulting in 불참하게 되다. This construction shifts the focus from a deliberate choice ('I am not attending') to a circumstance beyond one's immediate control ('It has turned out that I cannot attend'). This is a polite way to soften the impact of your absence in Korean culture, as it avoids sounding overly blunt or dismissive of the event's importance.

그는 건강상의 이유로 시상식에 불참했다. (He was absent from the award ceremony due to health reasons.)

In more complex sentences, 불참하다 can be used to describe a general trend or a collective action. For example, if a group of people boycotts an event, a news report might state that they 'collectively did not attend.' The word carries an inherent weight of responsibility. Unlike 빠지다, which could imply a lack of discipline (like skipping a workout), 불참하다 usually refers to events where your presence was expected or officially requested. It is the language of the 'official record.'

이번 세미나에 불참하시는 분들은 미리 알려주시기 바랍니다. (Those who are not attending this seminar, please let us know in advance.)

Finally, consider the honorific forms. When talking about a superior (like a CEO or a professor) who is not attending, you must use the honorific suffix: 불참하시다. This is essential in a hierarchical society. For example, '사장님께서 행사에 불참하셨습니다' (The CEO did not attend the event). This demonstrates not only your vocabulary knowledge but also your mastery of Korean social pragmatics.

The word 불참하다 is a staple of formal Korean life. You will encounter it most frequently in professional and institutional settings. If you work in a Korean office, you will see it daily in emails, calendar invites, and meeting minutes. It is the standard term for RSVPing 'no' to a corporate dinner (회식) or a workshop. In these contexts, the word is used to maintain a professional distance and to provide a clear, unambiguous status update regarding one's attendance.

Media & News
Used to describe politicians, celebrities, or athletes missing official engagements or competitions.
Formal Documents
Found in legal summons, government notices, and academic attendance policies.

Beyond the office, 불참하다 is the word of choice for formal social obligations. When a high-profile figure is unable to attend a red-carpet event or an award show, the official statement released by their agency will almost certainly use the phrase 불참 소식을 전하다 (to deliver news of non-attendance). This formal phrasing protects the individual's image by suggesting that the absence is a matter of official scheduling rather than personal whim.

주요 내빈들이 대거 불참하면서 행사의 의미가 퇴색되었다. (As many key guests were absent, the significance of the event was faded.)

In the digital age, you will see this word on mobile apps used for community management. For example, on 'Band' or 'KakaoTalk' group chats for formal clubs, a poll might have two options: 참석 (Attend) and 불참 (Not Attend). Choosing 불참 is a clear, polite way to notify the organizer. In such digital interfaces, brevity is key, but the formal weight of the Hanja-based word remains, ensuring that the communication is taken seriously.

갑작스러운 부상으로 인해 선수는 경기에 불참하게 되었습니다. (Due to a sudden injury, the athlete has ended up being absent from the match.)

Finally, you will hear it in announcements at large gatherings. If a speaker who was scheduled to appear cannot make it, the host will use 불참 to inform the audience. This maintains the professional atmosphere of the event. It is also used in legal contexts, such as '재판 불참' (failure to appear in court), which carries serious legal consequences. Thus, the word spans from polite social excuses to grave legal definitions.

One of the most frequent mistakes learners make with 불참하다 is confusing it with other words for 'absence.' The most common confusion is with 결석하다 (gyeolseokhada). While both mean 'to be absent,' 결석하다 is strictly reserved for schools, classes, or lectures. You '결석' a math class, but you '불참' a corporate workshop. Using 불참하다 for a school absence sounds overly stiff and slightly unnatural, while using 결석하다 for a wedding sounds like you're treating the wedding like a mandatory school lesson.

Mistake 1: Wrong Context
Using '불참하다' for school (Use '결석하다' instead).
Mistake 2: Wrong Particle
Using '-를/을' instead of '-에'.

Another mistake is the register mismatch. Because 불참하다 is quite formal, using it in a very casual setting can come across as sarcastic or overly dramatic. If you are telling your best friend you can't come to their house for ramyun, saying "내가 너의 집에 불참할게" would sound very strange. In that case, simply saying "못 가" (I can't go) or "안 갈게" (I won't go) is much more appropriate. Learners often over-rely on formal Hanja words they've just learned, but part of fluency is knowing when to stay casual.

Incorrect: 학교 수업에 불참했어요. (I was absent from school class.)
Correct: 학교 수업에 결석했어요.

There is also a distinction between 불참하다 and 부재중이다 (bujaejung-ida). The latter means 'to be away' or 'not present at one's desk/home' at a specific moment. If someone calls your office and you aren't there, you are 부재중. However, 불참하다 refers specifically to an event that you were expected to attend but didn't. You can't '불참' your own desk; you can only '불참' a meeting that happens at that desk.

Incorrect: 그는 지금 자리에 불참했습니다.
Correct: 그는 지금 부재중입니다. (He is currently away from his seat.)

Lastly, learners sometimes forget to use the honorific -시- when referring to someone of higher status. Saying "사장님이 불참했다" (The CEO was absent) without the -시- suffix can sound disrespectful in a professional Korean environment. Always remember to use 불참하셨다 or 불참하시다 when the subject is someone you need to show respect to.

Understanding 불참하다 requires comparing it with its synonyms and related terms. Each word for 'absence' or 'non-participation' in Korean has a specific nuance and register. By learning these distinctions, you can choose the word that fits the situation perfectly, whether you are writing a formal letter or chatting with a co-worker in the breakroom.

결석하다 (Gyeolseokhada)
Used exclusively for missing school, classes, or lectures. It implies a student-teacher relationship.
빠지다 (Ppajida)
A common, colloquial verb meaning 'to skip' or 'to miss.' It's versatile but less formal than '불참하다'.
결근하다 (Gyeolgeunhada)
Specifically means to be absent from work (missing a whole day of work).

The most direct alternative to 불참하다 is 참석하지 않다 (to not attend). While 불참하다 is a single Hanja-based verb, 참석하지 않다 is a combination of the verb 참석하다 (to attend) and the negation -지 않다. Both are formal, but 불참하다 is more concise and is often preferred in written reports or news headlines. In spoken conversation, 참석하지 못하다 (to be unable to attend) is perhaps the most polite and common way to express that you wanted to go but couldn't.

Comparison:
1. 회의에 불참했습니다. (Formal/Written)
2. 회의에 참석하지 못했습니다. (Polite/Spoken - 'I couldn't attend')
3. 회의에 빠졌습니다. (Neutral/Casual - 'I missed it')

For very casual situations, Koreans use 제끼다 (slang for skipping out on something) or 땡땡이 치다 (specifically for playing hooky from school). These are the polar opposites of 불참하다 and should never be used in a professional context. Another related term is 기권하다 (gigwonhada), which means 'to abstain' or 'to withdraw,' usually from a vote or a sports competition. While '불참' is just about not being there, '기권' implies giving up a right or a chance to participate actively in a decision or contest.

그 선수는 부상으로 경기를 기권했다. (The athlete withdrew from the race due to injury - here '불참' could also work, but '기권' is more specific to the competition context.)

In summary, while 불참하다 is your 'go-to' word for formal non-attendance, being aware of these alternatives allows you to navigate the nuances of Korean social hierarchy and situational appropriateness with much greater ease.

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1

저는 오늘 회의에 불참해요.

I am absent from the meeting today.

Simple present tense '-해요'.

2

누가 불참해요?

Who is absent?

Interrogative '누가' (who).

3

민수 씨는 파티에 불참해요.

Minsu is not attending the party.

Subject marker '-는'.

4

행사에 불참하지 마세요.

Please do not be absent from the event.

Negative imperative '-지 마세요'.

5

저는 내일 불참해요.

I will be absent tomorrow.

Future intent expressed with present tense.

6

왜 불참해요?

Why are you absent?

Adverb '왜' (why).

7

아파서 불참해요.

I am absent because I am sick.

Reasoning with '-아서'.

8

오늘 불참이에요.

It is an absence today.

Noun '불참' + copula '이에요'.

1

개인 사정으로 회의에 불참했습니다.

I was absent from the meeting due to personal reasons.

Past tense '-았습니다'.

2

불참하시는 분은 미리 알려주세요.

Those who are not attending, please let us know in advance.

Honorific '-시-' and '-는' describing a noun.

3

바빠서 이번 모임에 불참하게 됐어요.

I ended up being absent from this gathering because I'm busy.

'-게 되다' expressing a change of state or circumstance.

4

그는 아무 말 없이 행사에 불참했다.

He was absent from the event without saying anything.

Adverbial phrase '아무 말 없이'.

5

불참 사유를 적어 주세요.

Please write down the reason for your absence.

Noun compound '불참 사유'.

6

가족 행사 때문에 불참해야 해요.

I have to be absent because of a family event.

Obligation '-해야 하다'.

7

워크숍에 불참해도 괜찮을까요?

Would it be okay if I'm absent from the workshop?

Permission '-해도 괜찮다'.

8

그녀는 건강이 안 좋아서 불참했어요.

She was absent because her health was not good.

Reasoning with '-아서'.

1

부득이한 사정으로 이번 세미나에 불참하게 되었습니다.

I have ended up being absent from this seminar due to unavoidable circumstances.

Formal ending '-었습니다' with '-게 되다'.

2

불참 통보를 늦게 해서 죄송합니다.

I am sorry for notifying my absence late.

Noun '통보' (notification) and '-어서' for apology.

3

많은 회원들이 불참하여 회의가 연기되었습니다.

The meeting was postponed because many members were absent.

Passive verb '연기되다' (to be postponed).

4

불참 의사를 밝힌 사람이 몇 명입니까?

How many people have expressed their intention not to attend?

Noun '의사' (intention) and '-ㄴ' modifying noun.

5

출장 때문에 이번 회식에 불참할 수밖에 없어요.

I have no choice but to be absent from this company dinner due to a business trip.

'-ㄹ 수밖에 없다' (no choice but to).

6

그는 회의에 불참한 이유를 설명하지 않았다.

He did not explain the reason why he was absent from the meeting.

Past tense modifier '-ㄴ' with '이유'.

7

미리 불참 신청을 하면 환불이 가능합니다.

If you apply for absence in advance, a refund is possible.

Conditional '-면' and noun '환불' (refund).

8

그 배우는 개인적인 이유로 시상식에 불참했다.

The actor was absent from the award ceremony for personal reasons.

Formal narrative style.

1

정당한 사유 없이 불참할 경우 불이익이 있을 수 있습니다.

If you are absent without a justifiable reason, there may be disadvantages.

'-ㄹ 경우' (in case of) and noun '불이익' (disadvantage).

2

주최 측은 그의 불참 소식에 당혹감을 감추지 못했다.

The organizers could not hide their embarrassment at the news of his absence.

Noun '당혹감' (embarrassment) and '-지 못하다'.

3

그는 이번 경기 불참으로 인해 랭킹이 하락했다.

His ranking dropped due to his absence from this match.

'-로 인해' (due to) and noun '하락' (drop/fall).

4

모든 멤버가 불참 없이 전원 참석했습니다.

All members attended without any absences.

Adverbial '불참 없이' (without absence) and '전원' (everyone).

5

불참자 명단을 작성하여 보고해 주시기 바랍니다.

Please prepare a list of absentees and report it.

Noun '불참자' (absentee) and formal request '-바라다'.

6

그는 건강 악화로 인해 공식 활동에 불참하고 있다.

He is currently absent from official activities due to worsening health.

Progressive '-고 있다' and noun '악화' (worsening).

7

회의에 불참하더라도 자료는 반드시 확인하세요.

Even if you are absent from the meeting, be sure to check the materials.

Concessive '-더라도' (even if).

8

그의 갑작스러운 불참은 많은 추측을 낳았다.

His sudden absence gave rise to many speculations.

Noun '추측' (speculation) and verb '낳다' (to give birth/result in).

1

주요 인사들의 대거 불참으로 행사가 파행을 겪었다.

The event suffered a disruption due to the massive absence of key figures.

Noun '파행' (disruption/crippled state) and '대거' (in large numbers).

2

그는 자신의 신념에 따라 이번 투표에 불참하기로 결심했다.

He decided to absent himself from this vote in accordance with his beliefs.

'-에 따라' (according to) and '-기로 결심하다'.

3

대통령의 행사 불참은 정치적으로 큰 파장을 불러일으켰다.

The President's absence from the event caused a huge political stir.

Noun '파장' (impact/ripple) and '불러일으키다' (to cause/arouse).

4

불참 사유가 명확하지 않을 경우 징계 대상이 될 수 있습니다.

If the reason for absence is not clear, you may be subject to disciplinary action.

Noun '징계' (discipline) and '대상' (subject/target).

5

그는 유가족의 요청에 따라 장례식에 불참하기로 했다.

He decided not to attend the funeral as per the bereaved family's request.

Noun '유가족' (bereaved family) and '-기로 하다'.

6

선수단의 불참 선언은 협회에 큰 타격을 주었다.

The team's declaration of non-attendance dealt a major blow to the association.

Noun '타격' (blow/hit) and '선언' (declaration).

7

그는 과거의 잘못을 반성하며 모든 공식 석상에 불참하고 있다.

Reflecting on his past mistakes, he is absent from all official public appearances.

Participle '-하며' (while doing) and '석상' (public place/occasion).

8

불참이 확정된 이후, 주최 측은 대체 인물을 찾기 시작했다.

After the absence was confirmed, the organizers began looking for a replacement.

'-ㄴ 이후' (after) and '대체 인물' (replacement person).

1

그의 불참은 단순한 결석이 아니라 조직에 대한 항거의 표시였다.

His absence was not a mere non-attendance but a sign of protest against the organization.

'-이 아니라' (not A but B) and noun '항거' (resistance/protest).

2

역사적 전환점이 될 이번 회담에 그의 불참은 뼈아픈 실책으로 남을 것이다.

His absence from this summit, which will be a historical turning point, will remain a painful blunder.

Noun '전환점' (turning point) and '실책' (blunder/mistake).

3

불참의 변을 통해 그는 자신의 입장을 우회적으로 표현했다.

Through his excuse for absence, he indirectly expressed his position.

Noun '변' (excuse/explanation) and '우회적' (indirect).

4

국가적 재난 상황에서 고위 관료의 불참은 공분을 사기에 충분했다.

In a state of national disaster, the absence of high-ranking officials was enough to provoke public indignation.

Noun '공분' (public indignation) and '-기에 충분하다'.

5

그는 존재 자체로 영향력을 발휘하기에, 그의 불참조차 하나의 메시지가 된다.

Because he exerts influence by his very existence, even his absence becomes a message.

Particle '-조차' (even) and '-기에' (because).

6

불참 사유서에 적힌 화려한 수사 뒤에 숨겨진 진실은 아무도 모른다.

No one knows the truth hidden behind the flowery rhetoric written in the absence report.

Noun '수사' (rhetoric) and '숨겨진' (hidden).

7

그는 이번 행사에 불참함으로써 자신의 정치적 중립성을 지키고자 했다.

By being absent from this event, he sought to maintain his political neutrality.

'-함으로써' (by doing) and '-고자 하다' (intend to).

8

불참자들 사이에서도 그 이유와 목적은 천차만별이었다.

Even among those who were absent, the reasons and purposes varied infinitely.

Idiom '천차만별' (infinite variety).

تلازمات شائعة

회의에 불참하다
행사에 불참하다
결혼식에 불참하다
불참 사유
전원 불참
대거 불참
불참 통보
강제 불참
불참자 명단
공식 불참

العبارات الشائعة

불참하게 되다

불참 의사

불참 소식

사정상 불참

무단 불참

부득이하게 불참

전원 불참하다

불참을 통보하다

불참 사유서

행사 불참

تعبيرات اصطلاحية

"얼굴을 비추지 않다"

To not show one's face (a common idiom for not attending).

그는 이번 모임에 얼굴을 비추지 않았다.

Neutral
سجّل مجاناً لرؤية جميع الأمثلة

محتوى ذو صلة

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