parentesco في 30 ثانية
- Parentesco means kinship or family relationship. It is used to describe how people are related to each other in a family context.
- It is a masculine noun ('o parentesco') and is a common false friend for English speakers who confuse it with parenting.
- The word covers biological ties (consanguinity), legal ties (marriage/affinity), and adoption, and is frequently used in legal and administrative documents.
- Common phrases include 'grau de parentesco' (degree of kinship) and 'laços de parentesco' (bonds of kinship) to specify relationship depth.
The Portuguese word parentesco is a fundamental noun that describes the bond or relationship between individuals who belong to the same family. At its core, it refers to kinship. For an English speaker, the most critical thing to understand is that parentesco is derived from parente, which means 'relative'—not 'parent'. This is one of the most famous false cognates in the Portuguese language. While 'parents' in English refers specifically to your mother and father, parentesco encompasses the entire web of family connections, whether they are biological (by blood) or legal (by marriage or adoption).
- Biological Connection
- This is known as parentesco por consanguinidade. It includes your parents, siblings, grandparents, uncles, and cousins. It is the natural link established by sharing common ancestors.
O exame de DNA confirmou o parentesco entre os dois irmãos que não se conheciam.
Beyond biology, parentesco also applies to relationships formed through marriage, known as parentesco por afinidade. This covers your in-laws (sogro, sogra, cunhado, etc.). In Lusophone cultures, family ties are often viewed with great importance, and the concept of parentesco can sometimes extend socially to very close family friends, though technically, the word remains rooted in formal or biological ties. You will encounter this word frequently in legal documents, census forms, and genealogical research. Understanding the 'degree' of parentesco is vital for matters of inheritance, marriage laws, and even political ethics (avoiding nepotism).
- Legal Context
- In law, grau de parentesco (degree of kinship) determines rights and obligations. For example, first-degree relatives are parents and children, while second-degree relatives include siblings and grandparents.
Não existe nenhum laço de parentesco entre o diretor e o novo funcionário.
In a broader, more metaphorical sense, parentesco can describe similarities between non-human entities, such as languages or biological species. For example, one might speak of the parentesco between Portuguese and Spanish because they share a common Latin ancestor. This usage highlights the idea of a shared origin and structural similarity. Whether you are filling out a visa application or discussing your family tree, parentesco is the bridge that defines who is 'yours' in the eyes of the law and society.
- Social Usage
- When meeting someone with the same last name, it is common to ask: 'Temos algum parentesco?' (Are we related?). It is a polite way to explore potential family connections.
Eles descobriram um parentesco distante através de um tataravô em comum.
O parentesco espiritual, como o de padrinhos, é muito valorizado em certas comunidades.
Using parentesco correctly requires understanding its grammatical role as a masculine noun and its common collocations. Usually, it is preceded by an adjective that defines the distance of the relationship, such as próximo (close) or distante (distant). In formal writing, particularly in legal or sociological texts, you will see it paired with the preposition de to specify the type of relation.
- Degree of Kinship
- The phrase grau de parentesco is the standard way to ask or state how closely two people are related. 'Qual é o seu grau de parentesco com a vítima?' (What is your degree of kinship with the victim?).
A lei proíbe a contratação de pessoas com parentesco direto para cargos de confiança.
When discussing ancestry, parentesco is often the subject of the sentence. You can have a relationship (ter parentesco) or search for one (procurar parentesco). It is also common to use 'laços de' (bonds of) before the word to add a more emotional or social weight to the biological fact. 'Os laços de parentesco são muito fortes nesta aldeia' (The bonds of kinship are very strong in this village).
- Absence of Relation
- To say you are not related, you use não ter nenhum parentesco or sem qualquer parentesco. This is essential for clarifying that a shared surname is merely a coincidence.
Embora tenham o mesmo sobrenome, eles não possuem nenhum parentesco.
In a scientific or academic context, you might discuss parentesco evolutivo (evolutionary kinship) between species. Here, the word moves away from human family and into the realm of phylogeny. 'O parentesco entre aves e dinossauros é hoje amplamente aceito' (The kinship between birds and dinosaurs is now widely accepted). This demonstrates the word's versatility beyond just 'family members'.
- Metaphorical Use
- Use it to describe things that are similar in nature. 'Há um claro parentesco entre estas duas correntes artísticas' (There is a clear kinship between these two artistic movements).
O pesquisador estuda o parentesco linguístico entre as línguas românicas.
Finally, remember that parentesco is a state or a condition. You don't 'do' parentesco; you 'have' it or 'establish' it. It is a noun of relationship. If you want to talk about the act of being a parent, use maternidade or paternidade. If you want to refer to the group of people, use parentela (though this is less common than simply saying família).
A herança foi dividida de acordo com o grau de parentesco de cada herdeiro.
While parentesco might sound slightly formal, it is pervasive in specific real-life scenarios in Portuguese-speaking countries. You won't necessarily hear it at a casual barbecue, but you will definitely see it and hear it in any administrative or bureaucratic setting. If you are applying for a residence permit, filling out school registration for a child, or dealing with a hospital, the question of parentesco will arise.
- The Cartório (Registry Office)
- In Brazil, the 'Cartório' is where life's milestones are recorded. When registering a birth or a death, the clerk will ask for the grau de parentesco of the declarant.
No formulário do hospital, pediram para indicar o parentesco do acompanhante.
In news reports, parentesco often appears in stories involving politics or crime. Journalists use it to highlight nepotism (when a politician hires a relative) or to explain the relationship between victims and suspects. It provides a neutral, factual way to describe how people are linked. You might hear: 'O juiz se declarou impedido devido ao seu parentesco com o advogado de defesa' (The judge recused himself due to his kinship with the defense lawyer).
- Genealogy and DNA
- With the rise of DNA testing services like MyHeritage or Ancestry, more people are using parentesco to discuss their results. 'Descobri um parentesco com uma família na Itália' (I discovered a kinship with a family in Italy).
A árvore genealógica ajudou a mapear todos os níveis de parentesco da família Silva.
In literature and soap operas (novelas), parentesco is a plot driver. Secret siblings, unknown fathers, and forbidden romances between distant relatives all revolve around the revelation of parentesco. It carries a weight of destiny and social obligation. In these stories, parentesco is not just a biological fact but a source of drama and conflict.
- Anthropology and Sociology
- In academic settings, scholars study sistemas de parentesco (kinship systems) to understand how different cultures organize their social structures and inheritance patterns.
O antropólogo dedicou sua vida ao estudo do parentesco em tribos isoladas da Amazônia.
Lastly, you will hear it in religious contexts. Some churches speak of 'parentesco espiritual' (spiritual kinship) between godparents and godchildren. While not biological, this bond is treated with similar reverence and social recognition as a blood tie. Understanding parentesco is therefore key to navigating the complex social and legal fabric of the Portuguese-speaking world.
Eles não são primos de sangue, mas consideram que têm um parentesco de alma.
The most frequent mistake English speakers make with parentesco is rooted in the 'False Friend' trap. Because parentesco looks like 'parenting' and parente looks like 'parent', learners often use it to describe the act of raising a child or to refer specifically to mothers and fathers. This can lead to significant confusion in conversation.
- Mistake #1: Parentesco vs. Parenting
- English speakers might say 'O parentesco é difícil' meaning 'Parenting is hard'. In Portuguese, this sounds like 'The fact of being related is hard'. The correct word for parenting is educação dos filhos or parentalidade.
Incorrect: Eu amo o meu parentesco com meu filho.
Correct: Eu amo a minha relação com meu filho.
Another error involves using parentesco to refer to a single person. Parentesco is the abstract noun for the relationship; it is not a person. You cannot say 'Ele é meu parentesco'. You must say 'Ele é meu parente' (He is my relative) or 'Nós temos um parentesco' (We have a kinship).
- Mistake #2: Using it for People
- Learners sometimes confuse the abstract noun with the concrete person. Remember: Parente = Relative (Person); Parentesco = Kinship (Concept).
Incorrect: Quantos parentescos você tem?
Correct: Quantos parentes você tem?
Gender agreement is also a common pitfall. Since parentesco ends in 'o', it is masculine. However, because it relates to family (often associated with 'família' - feminine), some learners mistakenly use feminine articles. Always keep it masculine: o parentesco, muito parentesco.
- Mistake #3: Confusing with 'Família'
- While related, família refers to the group, whereas parentesco refers to the link. You don't 'visit your parentesco'; you 'visit your family'. You 'investigate your parentesco'.
Incorrect: Toda a minha parentesco veio para o natal.
Correct: Todos os meus parentes vieram para o natal.
Finally, avoid using parentesco for friendships, no matter how close they are, unless you are using it explicitly as a metaphor. In Portuguese, calling a friend a 'relative' (parente) is rare; instead, people use 'irmão de consideração' (brother by consideration). Using parentesco implies a formal or genetic link that might not exist.
Não confunda parentesco (legal/biological) com amizade (social).
To truly master the vocabulary surrounding family and relationships, it is helpful to look at words that are similar to parentesco but carry slightly different nuances. Depending on whether you are in a courtroom, a doctor's office, or a family dinner, you might choose a different term.
- Consanguinidade vs. Parentesco
- While parentesco is general, consanguinidade refers specifically to blood relations. It is more clinical and technical. You use it in genetics or specific legal inheritance clauses.
O médico perguntou se havia consanguinidade entre os pais da criança.
Another important alternative is Afinidade. This is the legal term for the relationship you have with your spouse's family. While technically a type of parentesco, it is often distinguished in legal texts to separate blood relatives from in-laws. 'Parentesco por afinidade' is the full term, but 'afinidade' is often used as a shorthand in legal contexts.
- Linhagem and Estirpe
- These words refer to the line of descent or lineage. Linhagem is common in history and genealogy, while estirpe sounds more noble or biological (like a 'strain' or 'stock').
Eles têm orgulho da sua linhagem aristocrática.
If you want to talk about the 'bond' in a more emotional or poetic way, use vínculo. While parentesco is the cold, hard fact of the relationship, vínculo familiar describes the connection, love, and shared history. 'Apesar do parentesco, eles não tinham nenhum vínculo' (Despite the kinship, they had no bond).
- Ancestralidade
- This refers to ancestry or heritage. It is used when looking backward at one's roots rather than looking at current relatives.
O teste de DNA revelou uma ancestralidade diversa.
In summary, while parentesco is the most versatile and common term for 'being related', you have a rich palette of words to choose from depending on whether you want to emphasize biology, law, emotion, or history. Mastering these distinctions will make your Portuguese sound much more natural and precise.
O vínculo afetivo é, às vezes, mais forte que o parentesco.
أمثلة حسب المستوى
Qual é o seu parentesco com o João?
What is your kinship with João?
Simple question using 'qual' and 'seu'.
Nós não temos nenhum parentesco.
We have no kinship.
Negative sentence with 'nenhum'.
O parentesco deles é de irmãos.
Their kinship is that of brothers.
Using 'de' to specify the relation.
Você tem parentesco com a Maria?
Do you have kinship with Maria?
Direct question with 'ter'.
O meu parentesco com ela é próximo.
My kinship with her is close.
Adjective 'próximo' modifying 'parentesco'.
Eles têm o mesmo parentesco.
They have the same kinship.
Using 'mesmo' (same).
O parentesco é importante na família.
Kinship is important in the family.
General statement.
Eu não entendo o parentesco deles.
I don't understand their kinship.
Verb 'entender' in the negative.
Eles descobriram um parentesco distante.
They discovered a distant kinship.
Past tense 'descobriram'.
Qual o grau de parentesco entre vocês?
What is the degree of kinship between you?
Common phrase 'grau de parentesco'.
Não há parentesco por sangue, apenas por afinidade.
There is no blood kinship, only by affinity.
Contrast between 'sangue' and 'afinidade'.
O parentesco deve ser comprovado com documentos.
Kinship must be proven with documents.
Passive voice 'deve ser comprovado'.
Eles negam qualquer parentesco com o político.
They deny any kinship with the politician.
Verb 'negar' with 'qualquer'.
O parentesco entre as línguas é evidente.
The kinship between the languages is evident.
Metaphorical use for languages.
O formulário pede o seu parentesco.
The form asks for your kinship.
Verb 'pedir' (to ask/request).
Temos um parentesco de segundo grau.
We have a second-degree kinship.
Specific legal term 'segundo grau'.
A herança foi dividida conforme o parentesco.
The inheritance was divided according to kinship.
Conjunction 'conforme'.
O parentesco espiritual é muito forte nesta cultura.
Spiritual kinship is very strong in this culture.
Adjective 'espiritual'.
Ela pesquisou o parentesco da família na internet.
She researched the family kinship on the internet.
Verb 'pesquisar'.
O parentesco pode ser um critério de desempate.
Kinship can be a tie-breaking criterion.
Modal verb 'pode'.
Não existe parentesco direto entre essas espécies.
There is no direct kinship between these species.
Scientific context.
O parentesco colateral inclui tios e primos.
Collateral kinship includes uncles and cousins.
Technical term 'parentesco colateral'.
Eles mantêm o parentesco em segredo por motivos políticos.
They keep the kinship secret for political reasons.
Phrase 'em segredo'.
O parentesco foi a base da sua defesa no tribunal.
Kinship was the basis of his defense in court.
Noun as a subject.
O parentesco por afinidade não se extingue com o divórcio.
Kinship by affinity does not end with divorce.
Legal principle.
A análise do parentesco revelou surpresas genéticas.
The analysis of the kinship revealed genetic surprises.
Noun phrase 'análise do parentesco'.
O parentesco linguístico entre o latim e o grego é complexo.
The linguistic kinship between Latin and Greek is complex.
Academic context.
A lei de nepotismo foca no parentesco próximo.
The nepotism law focuses on close kinship.
Political context.
O parentesco simbólico une os membros daquela tribo.
Symbolic kinship unites the members of that tribe.
Sociological context.
O parentesco é um fator determinante na sucessão real.
Kinship is a determining factor in royal succession.
Historical context.
Eles alegaram parentesco para obter a cidadania.
They claimed kinship to obtain citizenship.
Verb 'alegar' (to claim).
O parentesco entre as duas obras de arte é inegável.
The kinship between the two works of art is undeniable.
Metaphorical use in art.
O parentesco consanguíneo impõe certas restrições matrimoniais.
Consanguineous kinship imposes certain matrimonial restrictions.
Formal adjective 'consanguíneo'.
A complexidade do parentesco em sociedades matrilinhagens é fascinante.
The complexity of kinship in matrilineal societies is fascinating.
Academic discussion.
O parentesco biológico nem sempre reflete o vínculo afetivo.
Biological kinship doesn't always reflect the emotional bond.
Philosophical contrast.
A investigação do parentesco remontou ao século XVIII.
The investigation of the kinship went back to the 18th century.
Historical research.
O parentesco estrutural entre os mitos foi analisado por Lévi-Strauss.
The structural kinship between myths was analyzed by Lévi-Strauss.
High-level intellectual reference.
A negação do parentesco causou um escândalo na aristocracia.
The denial of kinship caused a scandal in the aristocracy.
Narrative context.
O parentesco jurídico difere do parentesco biológico em casos de adoção.
Legal kinship differs from biological kinship in cases of adoption.
Precise legal terminology.
A fluidez do parentesco contemporâneo desafia as normas tradicionais.
The fluidity of contemporary kinship challenges traditional norms.
Sociological critique.
O parentesco ontológico entre o ser e o tempo é um tema central.
The ontological kinship between being and time is a central theme.
Highly abstract/philosophical.
A teia de parentesco que sustenta a monarquia é intrincada.
The web of kinship that sustains the monarchy is intricate.
Metaphorical 'teia' (web).
A desconstrução do conceito de parentesco revela preconceitos ancestrais.
The deconstruction of the concept of kinship reveals ancestral prejudices.
Critical theory terminology.
O parentesco primordial entre todas as formas de vida é a tese da biologia moderna.
The primordial kinship between all forms of life is the thesis of modern biology.
Scientific/Philosophical synthesis.
A retórica do parentesco foi usada para justificar alianças políticas.
The rhetoric of kinship was used to justify political alliances.
Political analysis.
O parentesco eletivo, como proposto por Goethe, transcende a biologia.
Elective kinship, as proposed by Goethe, transcends biology.
Literary reference.
A jurisdição sobre o parentesco é um pilar do Direito de Família.
Jurisdiction over kinship is a pillar of Family Law.
Legal expertise.
O parentesco entre o micro e o macrocosmo era uma crença hermética.
The kinship between the micro and the macrocosm was a hermetic belief.
Esoteric/Historical context.
تلازمات شائعة
Summary
The word <strong class='text-violet-600'>parentesco</strong> is the essential Portuguese term for kinship. Unlike the English 'parent', it refers to the status of being a relative (parente). Example: 'Qual o seu grau de <mark class='bg-emerald-200 dark:bg-emerald-800 px-0.5 rounded'>parentesco</mark> com ele?'
- Parentesco means kinship or family relationship. It is used to describe how people are related to each other in a family context.
- It is a masculine noun ('o parentesco') and is a common false friend for English speakers who confuse it with parenting.
- The word covers biological ties (consanguinity), legal ties (marriage/affinity), and adoption, and is frequently used in legal and administrative documents.
- Common phrases include 'grau de parentesco' (degree of kinship) and 'laços de parentesco' (bonds of kinship) to specify relationship depth.
مثال
O parentesco entre eles é distante.
محتوى ذو صلة
هذه الكلمة بلغات أخرى
مزيد من كلمات family
à medida que
A2As; at the same time that.
abençoado
A2إنه رجل مبارك.
abrigo
A2المأوى آمن للجميع.
acarinhar
A2مداعبة شخص ما أو إظهار المودة له بلطف.
aceito
A2مقبول؛ معترف به بشكل عام أو متفق عليه. 'تم قبول الدفع' (O pagamento foi aceito).
acenar
A2يومئ أو يلوح بيده أو برأسه للتحية أو الموافقة.
acolher
A2To receive (a guest or new member) with pleasure and hospitality.
acolhimento
A2الترحيب أو الاستضافة الحارة. 'كان الاستقبال في الفندق رائعاً جداً.'
acolitar
B2مساعدة أو مرافقة شخص ما، مع تقديم العون أو الدعم أو الرفقة. / تقديم دعم نشط لشخص أو مجموعة، غالبًا من خلال التواجد الجسدي وتقديم المساعدة الملموسة أو المعنوية.
acomodar
A2الفعل 'acomodar' يعني توفير مكان للإقامة أو ترتيب الأشياء في مساحة ما.
