B1 · Mittelstufe Kapitel 22

Duration and Ongoing Actions

7 Gesamtregeln
83 Beispiele
6 Min.

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the art of connecting the past to your present reality with confidence.

  • Distinguish between 'for' and 'since' to measure duration.
  • Use Present Perfect to describe unfinished time periods.
  • Describe ongoing actions and states that started in the past.
Bridge the gap between yesterday and today.

Was du lernen wirst

Ready to unlock how we talk about things that have been happening for a while? This chapter will help you confidently describe ongoing situations, like how long you've known someone or what you've been doing since morning. You'll soon sound much more natural!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to: Explain your personal history and current status using the correct tense.

Kapitel-Leitfaden

Overview

Mastering how to talk about
duration and ongoing actions
is a game-changer for B1 English grammar learners! This chapter is your key to sounding much more natural and articulate in everyday conversations. You'll move beyond simply stating facts and start connecting past experiences with your present reality.
Imagine being able to explain how long you've known your best friend, what you've been doing since you woke up this morning, or how your city has changed over the years. These aren't just advanced concepts; they're essential for truly expressing yourself in English.
By focusing on the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous, we'll bridge the gap between past events and their current relevance. This means you'll confidently discuss things that started in the past and are still true now, or actions that began previously and are still in progress. These structures are vital for expressing a sense of continuity, whether it's describing your experiences up to now or noting things that haven't finished yet.
Get ready to elevate your communication and clearly express those long-term situations and evolving circumstances.

How This Grammar Works

At its heart, this chapter is about connecting the past to the present, focusing on duration and actions that aren't quite finished. The star of the show is the Present Perfect (have/has + past participle). We use it to describe actions that started in the past and continue up to now. For example, to state how long something has been happening, we use 'for' (for a period of time) or 'since' (since a specific start point).
Think:
I have lived here for five years
or
She has studied English since 2020.
Here, 'living' and 'studying' are ongoing.
The Present Perfect is also perfect for discussing things not finished yet, especially when the time period is still active. If it's Monday morning, you might say, "I haven't had breakfast yet today" – because 'today' isn't over, and you could still eat. Similarly, you can use it with time expressions like 'this week,' 'this month,' or 'so far' to summarise experiences within an unfinished period.
I have visited two new places this month so far.
Another crucial application is with state verbs (verbs describing states, not actions, like 'know,' 'be,' 'love,' 'understand'). With these, we use the Present Perfect to show a state began in the past and still continues:
I have known him for ten years,
not
I have been knowing him.
We also use the Present Perfect to describe changes over time:
The city has become much greener.
Finally, when we want to emphasise the ongoing nature or duration of an activity, we turn to the Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + -ing verb).
I have been studying for three hours
highlights the continuous effort.
The key difference is often emphasis: Present Perfect for result/fact, Present Perfect Continuous for the activity's duration/process.

Common Mistakes

  1. 1✗ Wrong: I live here for five years.
✓ Correct: I have lived here for five years.
Explanation: When you want to express how long something has been true or happening and it's still true now, you need the Present Perfect, not the Simple Present.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: She is knowing him since 2010.
✓ Correct: She has known him since 2010.
Explanation: Know is a state verb, and generally, state verbs are not used in continuous forms. Use the Present Perfect to show the duration of a state that started in the past and continues to the present.
  1. 1✗ Wrong: I read a book all morning, so I'm tired.
✓ Correct: I have been reading a book all morning, so I'm tired.
Explanation: While
I read a book
is grammatically correct, using the Present Perfect Continuous (have been reading) here emphasises the ongoing action and its effect (being tired) in the present. It highlights the duration of the activity.

Real Conversations

A

A

Hi Alex! Long time no see. How have you been?
B

B

Hey Maria! I'm good, thanks. I have been working really hard on a new project lately. It has taken up most of my time since January.
A

A

Wow, that sounds intense! How many hours have you worked this week so far?
B

B

Oh, probably about 50 already. My eyes are tired because I have been staring at screens all day! But I have almost finished the main part of it.
A

A

That's great news! I haven't seen you this happy about a project in ages.
B

B

Yeah, it's challenging, but I have learned so much. I have never felt this productive!

Quick FAQ

Q

When should I use 'for' vs. 'since' with the Present Perfect?

Use 'for' to specify a duration or period of time (e.g., for two hours,

for a long time
). Use 'since' to specify the starting point of an action or state (e.g., since yesterday, since 2018).

Q

Can I use the Present Perfect with time words like 'today' or 'this week'?

Yes, absolutely! When you use words like 'today,' 'this week,' 'this month,' or 'this year,' and that time period has not finished yet, you typically use the Present Perfect to describe actions or experiences within that ongoing period.

Q

What's the main difference between

I have lived here
and
I have been living here
?

Both are often correct for duration.

I have lived here for five years
states the fact of living here for that duration.
I have been living here for five years
emphasises the ongoing nature or process of living here. The continuous form can sometimes imply a temporary situation or a sense of personal involvement.

Q

Why can't I use continuous forms with state verbs in the Present Perfect?

State verbs describe states, emotions, or conditions (e.g., 'know,' 'love,' 'understand,' 'be,' 'have' for possession), not active processes. They naturally indicate duration without needing the continuous form. So, instead of

I have been knowing,
we say
I have known.

Cultural Context

Native English speakers use these structures constantly, making conversation flow naturally when discussing personal history, experiences, and current situations. There can be slight regional differences; for example, American English sometimes uses the Simple Past where British English might prefer the Present Perfect for recent events (
Did you eat yet?
vs.
Have you eaten yet?
).
However, for emphasizing duration and ongoing actions as covered here, the rules are largely consistent across dialects. In both formal and informal contexts, accurately using the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous shows a good grasp of temporal relationships and adds sophistication to your communication.

Wichtige Beispiele (8)

1

I have been studying English `for three years` now.

Ich lerne jetzt seit drei Jahren Englisch.

Present Perfect: For vs. Since (Andauernde Handlungen)
2

She hasn't called me `since Monday morning`.

Sie hat mich seit Montagmorgen nicht angerufen.

Present Perfect: For vs. Since (Andauernde Handlungen)
3

I haven't seen that new Netflix series yet, but I've heard it's amazing.

Ich habe diese neue Netflix-Serie noch nicht gesehen, aber ich habe gehört, sie ist fantastisch.

Present Perfect mit Zeitangaben (for, since, yet)
4

She has lived in London for five years and loves the city.

Sie hat fünf Jahre lang in London gelebt und liebt die Stadt.

Present Perfect mit Zeitangaben (for, since, yet)
5

I haven't had breakfast this morning.

Ich habe heute Morgen noch nicht gefrühstückt.

Present Perfect: Noch nicht beendete Dinge (Heute, Diese Woche)
6

She has worked on the project a lot this week.

Sie hat diese Woche viel am Projekt gearbeitet.

Present Perfect: Noch nicht beendete Dinge (Heute, Diese Woche)
7

I have never seen snow in real life.

Ich habe noch nie Schnee im echten Leben gesehen.

Present Perfect: Bis jetzt (bisher)
8

She has worked on this project for three months so far.

Sie hat bisher drei Monate an diesem Projekt gearbeitet.

Present Perfect: Bis jetzt (bisher)

Tipps & Tricks (4)

💡

Dauer vs. Startpunkt

Überleg immer: Sprichst du über die „length“ der Zeit (for) oder den „moment“, wann es anfing (since)? Diese einfache Frage hilft dir enorm!
Am I talking about the *length* of time (for) or the *moment* when it began (since)?
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: For vs. Since (Andauernde Handlungen)
💡

Denk an die 'Gegenwart-Verbindung'

Erinnere dich immer: Das Present Perfect verbindet die Vergangenheit mit dem HEUTE. Wenn etwas wirklich abgeschlossen ist und du genau weißt, wann, bleib beim Simple Past. Das hilft, Zeitfehler zu vermeiden.
I have lived here for a long time.
(Ich lebe immer noch hier) vs.
I lived there for a year.
(Ich lebe nicht mehr dort).
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect mit Zeitangaben (for, since, yet)
💡

Achte auf Zeitwörter

Such nach Wörtern wie 'today', 'this morning', 'this week', 'this month', 'this year', 'so far' und 'yet'. Wenn die Zeit noch nicht vorbei ist, ist das Present Perfect dein Freund: "I haven't called him this morning yet."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Noch nicht beendete Dinge (Heute, Diese Woche)
💡

Achte auf Zeitmarker!

Wörter wie 'yet', 'already', 'ever', 'never', 'so far', 'this week/month/year' sind oft Hinweise, dass du das Present Perfect brauchst. Sie alle zeigen einen Zeitraum an, der noch nicht ganz vorbei ist, oder eine Erfahrung, die mit dem 'Jetzt' verbunden ist. Zum Beispiel: "I haven't seen her this week."
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Bis jetzt (bisher)

Wichtige Vokabeln (6)

Duration length of time Since starting point Yet until now So far up to this point State a condition or situation Ongoing continuing

Real-World Preview

coffee

Catching up with a colleague

Review Summary

  • have/has + V3
  • have/has + been + V-ing

Häufige Fehler

Use Present Perfect for duration, not Present Continuous.

Wrong: I am living here for 5 years.
Richtig: I have lived here for 5 years.

Since is for a point in time, for is for a period.

Wrong: I have known him since a long time.
Richtig: I have known him for a long time.

State verbs like 'know' do not take the continuous form.

Wrong: I have been knowing her for years.
Richtig: I have known her for years.

Regeln in diesem Kapitel (7)

Next Steps

You've mastered a complex grammar area! Keep practicing, and it will become second nature.

Journaling about your current goals

Schnelle Übung (10)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler im Satz.

Find and fix the mistake:

My understanding of quantum physics significantly improved since I took that course.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: My understanding of quantum physics has significantly improved since I took that course.
Der Ausdruck 'since I took that course' deutet auf einen Zeitraum hin, der in der Vergangenheit begann und bis in die Gegenwart andauert. Für eine Veränderung, die in der Vergangenheit begann und ein gegenwärtiges Ergebnis oder eine Relevanz hat, ist das Present Perfect ('has improved') erforderlich, nicht das Simple Past ('improved').

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Veränderungen über die Zeit (have/has + V3)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler.

Find and fix the mistake:

She works here for ten years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has worked here for ten years.
Die Aktion begann in der Vergangenheit und dauert an, daher ist das „Present Perfect“ („has worked“) mit „for“ für die Dauer nötig.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: For vs. Since (Andauernde Handlungen)

Welcher Satz verwendet das Present Perfect korrekt, um eine Veränderung über die Zeit zu beschreiben?

Choose the correct sentence:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: The price of coffee has increased a lot this month.
'This month' ist ein unvollendeter Zeitraum, und die Zunahme ist eine Veränderung, die für die Gegenwart relevant ist, daher ist das Present Perfect ('has increased') korrekt. 'Last month' ist eine abgeschlossene Zeit, die das Simple Past erfordert. 'Increases' ist Simple Present, für gewohnheitsmäßige Handlungen.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Veränderungen über die Zeit (have/has + V3)

Wähle die richtige Form, um den Satz zu vervollständigen.

My sister ___ interested in art since she was a child.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: has been
Has been ist richtig, weil be ein Zustandsverb ist und das Present Perfect einen Zustand anzeigt, der in der Vergangenheit begann und bis in die Gegenwart andauert. Is being impliziert eine temporäre Handlung, die hier nicht passt.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect mit Zustandsverben (Ich habe gekannt, sie ist gewesen)

Wähle die richtige Form

My eyes hurt because I ___ screens for too long.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have been watching
Die roten Augen sind das Ergebnis einer fortlaufenden Handlung, die gerade erst endete oder noch andauert. 'Have been watching' drückt dies korrekt aus.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Über andauernde Handlungen sprechen (Present Perfect Continuous)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler

Find and fix the mistake:

She is knowing him since childhood.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: She has known him since childhood.
'Know' ist ein Zustandverb (State Verb) und kann nicht in Verlaufsformen verwendet werden. Das Present Perfect Simple ist hier korrekt für einen Zustand, der in der Vergangenheit begann und bis jetzt andauert.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Über andauernde Handlungen sprechen (Present Perfect Continuous)

Welcher Satz verwendet das Present Perfect korrekt mit einem unvollendeten Zeitraum?

Wähle den richtigen Satz:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They have visited the museum this week.
'This week' ist ein unvollendeter Zeitraum, was das Present Perfect zur richtigen Wahl macht. 'Last week' ist eine abgeschlossene Zeit, die das Simple Past erfordert.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Noch nicht beendete Dinge (Heute, Diese Woche)

Finde und korrigiere den Fehler im Satz.

Find and fix the mistake:

They have been owning that restaurant for over ten years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: They have owned that restaurant for over ten years.
Own ist ein Zustandsverb und nimmt typischerweise nicht die Verlaufsform (-ing) an. Die korrekte Form für einen andauernden Besitz ist have owned.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect mit Zustandsverben (Ich habe gekannt, sie ist gewesen)

Wähle die korrekte Verbform, um den Satz zu vervollständigen.

I ___ never ___ such a delicious meal.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: have / eaten
Der Satz beschreibt eine Lebenserfahrung bis zur Gegenwart, daher ist das Present Perfect ('have eaten') korrekt. 'Never' ist ein wichtiger Indikator.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect: Bis jetzt (bisher)

Wähle den richtigen Zeitenausdruck, um den Satz zu vervollständigen.

I haven't bought a new phone ___ two years.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: for
'For' wird verwendet, um eine Zeitspanne ('two years') auszudrücken. 'Since' braucht einen Startpunkt, und 'yet' ist für Verneinungen/Fragen über den Abschluss.

frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: Present Perfect mit Zeitangaben (for, since, yet)

Score: /10

Häufige Fragen (6)

„For“ sagt dir die „duration“ oder Länge der Zeit, wie lange etwas schon passiert (z.B. for three hours). „Since“ nennt dir den „starting point“ in der Zeit, wann etwas anfing (z.B. since 9 AM).
Du nutzt es, wenn eine Aktion oder ein Zustand in der Vergangenheit begann und bis jetzt andauert oder ein Ergebnis hat, das immer noch wichtig ist. Es ist für Dinge, die still ongoing sind.
Diese Wörter helfen dir zu sagen, *wie lange* eine Handlung schon stattfindet ('for', 'since') oder ob sie *bis jetzt passiert ist* ('yet'). Sie geben wichtige zeitliche Infos für Handlungen, die die Vergangenheit mit der Gegenwart verbinden. Denk an:
I have waited for an hour.
oder
Have you finished yet?
'For' zeigt eine *Dauer* an (einen Zeitraum), wie for two hours. 'Since' zeigt einen *Startpunkt* in der Vergangenheit an, wie since yesterday oder since 2020. Stell dir vor:
She has been learning German for three months.
(Dauer) vs.
She has been learning German since January.
(Startpunkt).
Es geht darum, vergangene Handlungen oder Zustände mit der Gegenwart zu verbinden, besonders wenn der Zeitraum, in dem sie stattgefunden haben (wie 'today' oder 'this week'), *noch andauert*. Stell es dir vor wie 'bis jetzt' innerhalb eines aktuellen Rahmens. Du könntest sagen: 'I haven't seen my friend today,' was bedeutet, dass der Tag noch nicht vorbei ist und du ihn noch sehen könntest. Cool, oder?
Wenn der angegebene Zeitpunkt (z.B. 'this morning') in dem Moment, in dem du sprichst, noch stattfindet, ist er unvollendet. Wenn dieser Zeitpunkt vorbei ist (z.B. es ist Nachmittag und du sprichst über 'this morning'), ist er abgeschlossen. Diese Unterscheidung hilft dir, zwischen Present Perfect und Simple Past zu wählen. Ganz wichtig!