When someone is 解雇する (kaikosuru), it means they are dismissed, fired, or laid off from their job. This is a verb and can be used when a company decides to end an employee's employment. For example, if a company is restructuring, they might 解雇する some staff. It's important to understand this term because it relates to employment and work situations.
When someone is 解雇する (kaikosuru), it means they are dismissed, fired, or laid off from their job. This is a common verb used in business and employment contexts to describe the termination of someone's work contract by their employer.
It's important to note that this term often implies an involuntary separation from employment, contrasting with someone choosing to resign. You might hear this used when a company is restructuring or an individual's performance is not meeting expectations.
§ Don't Confuse with Quitting
Many learners mix up 「解雇する」(kaiko suru) with words for quitting a job, like 「辞める」(yameru). While both involve leaving a job, the key difference is who initiates the action. 「解雇する」is always initiated by the company – it means someone is being fired or laid off. 「辞める」means someone is resigning or quitting voluntarily.
Here's an example to clarify:
彼は会社を解雇された。(He was fired from the company.)
彼は会社を辞めた。(He quit the company.)
§ Using it in Passive Voice
Since 「解雇する」often describes something happening *to* someone, it's very common to see it in the passive voice: 「解雇される」(kaiko sareru). This means 'to be fired' or 'to be laid off'. Trying to force an active construction when a passive one is natural can sound awkward.
- DEFINITION
- To be dismissed; to be fired; to be laid off.
経済悪化のため、多くの社員が解雇された。(Due to economic downturn, many employees were laid off.)
Trying to say 'The company fired him' might lead to a less natural sounding sentence like 会社は彼を解雇した, which isn't wrong, but 「彼は会社に解雇された」 (He was fired by the company) is often more common and natural, putting the focus on the person affected.
§ Formality and Context
「解雇する」is a formal term. While it's correct, using it in very casual conversation might feel a bit stiff. In extremely informal settings, people might use more colloquial expressions or imply it rather than stating it directly, though it's less common to have a super casual way to say 'fire' in Japanese like in English (e.g., 'let go').
When discussing serious work-related matters, particularly in business or news contexts, 「解雇する」is perfectly appropriate. Avoid using it lightly, as it carries significant weight.
§ Understanding Nuances of 'Layoff'
The English 'lay off' can sometimes imply a temporary situation. While 「解雇する」can translate to 'lay off', it typically implies a permanent termination of employment in Japanese. If a temporary layoff is intended, other phrases might be used, such as 「一時帰休」(ichiji kikyū - temporary leave/furlough). Don't assume 「解雇する」means a temporary situation unless specified by context.
§ Common Pitfalls Summarized
- Don't use 「解雇する」when someone quits voluntarily.
- Embrace the passive voice 「解雇される」when the employee is the one being fired.
- Be mindful of the formality. It's a serious word.
- Remember it usually implies permanent termination, not temporary layoff.
By keeping these points in mind, you'll use 「解雇する」more accurately and naturally in your Japanese communication. It's a word with significant impact, so understanding its correct usage is crucial.
Wusstest du?
Many Japanese words related to employment and legal actions have Chinese origins, reflecting historical influences on Japanese vocabulary and legal systems.
Grammatikmuster
Redewendungen & Ausdrücke
"首にする (kubi ni suru)"
To fire (literally, 'to make someone's neck'). This is a common and direct way to say 'to fire someone.'
彼は会社を首になった。 (Kare wa kaisha o kubi ni natta.) - He was fired from the company.
neutral"お払い箱にする (oharaibako ni suru)"
To dismiss; to get rid of (literally, 'to make something a discarded box'). Implies something is no longer needed.
古い機械はお払い箱にされた。 (Furui kikai wa oharaibako ni sareta.) - The old machine was scrapped/discarded.
neutral"クビを切る (kubi o kiru)"
To cut someone's neck; to fire someone. Similar to 'kubi ni suru' but can sound slightly more harsh.
会社は業績不振で社員のクビを切った。 (Kaisha wa gyouseki fushin de shain no kubi o kitta.) - The company fired employees due to poor performance.
neutral"リストラする (risutora suru)"
To restructure; to lay off (short for 'restructuring'). Often used in the context of company downsizing.
多くの社員がリストラされた。 (Ooku no shain ga risutora sareta.) - Many employees were laid off.
neutral"解雇処分 (kaiko shobun)"
Dismissal measure; disciplinary dismissal. Refers to the act or decision of dismissal.
彼の不正行為が原因で解雇処分となった。 (Kare no fusei koui ga gen'in de kaiko shobun to natta.) - He was dismissed due to his misconduct.
formal"一時解雇 (ichiji kaiko)"
Temporary layoff. Often used in situations where employees might be rehired later.
景気悪化により、一時解雇が増えている。 (Keiki akka ni yori, ichiji kaiko ga fuete iru.) - Temporary layoffs are increasing due to the economic downturn.
formal"整理解雇 (seiri kaiko)"
Redundancy dismissal; layoff for business reasons. Specifically for company reorganization or financial difficulties.
経営不振のため、整理解雇が行われた。 (Keiei fushin no tame, seiri kaiko ga okonawareta.) - Redundancy dismissals were carried out due to business difficulties.
formal"解雇通知 (kaiko tsuuchi)"
Notice of dismissal. The formal document or communication informing an employee of their dismissal.
彼は会社から解雇通知を受け取った。 (Kare wa kaisha kara kaiko tsuuchi o uketotta.) - He received a notice of dismissal from the company.
formal"職を失う (shoku o ushinau)"
To lose one's job. A more general and less direct way to say someone was fired or laid off.
パンデミックで多くの人が職を失った。 (Pandemikku de ooku no hito ga shoku o ushinatta.) - Many people lost their jobs due to the pandemic.
neutral"退職させる (taishoku saseru)"
To make someone retire; to force someone to resign. Can be a polite way to imply dismissal without directly saying 'fire.'
会社は彼に退職を勧めた。 (Kaisha wa kare ni taishoku o susumeta.) - The company encouraged him to retire (implying they wanted him out).
neutralSatzmuster
私は[会社]を解雇されました。
私は[会社]を解雇されました。 (I was fired from [company].)
彼は仕事を解雇されました。
彼は仕事を解雇されました。 (He was fired from his job.)
[人]が[理由]で解雇される。
彼が会社の規則を破ったので解雇された。 (He was fired because he broke company rules.)
[会社]が[人]を解雇する。
会社は彼を解雇した。 (The company fired him.)
[会社]が[理由]で従業員を解雇する。
会社は業績不振のため、多くの従業員を解雇した。 (The company laid off many employees due to poor performance.)
[人]が[役職]を解雇される。
彼は不正行為により役職を解雇された。 (He was dismissed from his position due to misconduct.)
[会社]が[条件]に基づいて[人]を解雇する。
会社は契約条件に基づいて彼を解雇する権利がある。 (The company has the right to dismiss him based on the terms of the contract.)
[人]が[状況]において解雇される可能性がある。
経済状況が悪化すれば、さらに多くの人が解雇される可能性がある。 (If the economic situation worsens, more people could be laid off.)
Wortherkunft
From Middle Chinese 'kāi-ko' (解雇).
Ursprüngliche Bedeutung: 解 (kai) means 'to untie' or 'to release,' and 雇 (ko) means 'to hire' or 'to employ.' Together, it originally meant 'to release from employment' or 'to dismiss an employee.'
Sino-Japanese (kango)Kultureller Kontext
When a Japanese person is dismissed or laid off, it's a significant event often handled with careful consideration for the individual's reputation. While in Western cultures, it might be more common to openly discuss being fired, in Japan, there can be a sense of shame or embarrassment associated with it. Companies often try to avoid direct firing and instead encourage 'voluntary' resignations or offer early retirement packages, especially for older employees, to maintain harmony and avoid direct confrontation.
Teste dich selbst 30 Fragen
Write a short sentence about someone losing their job due to company issues.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
会社の問題で彼は解雇されました。(He was fired due to company problems.)
Imagine you are explaining that a friend was laid off. Write a simple sentence.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
友達が解雇されたと聞きました。(I heard my friend was laid off.)
Write a sentence saying that a company decided to dismiss an employee.
Well written! Good try! Check the sample answer below.
Sample answer
会社は従業員を解雇することを決めました。(The company decided to dismiss the employee.)
なぜ彼は解雇されましたか？(Why was he fired?)
Read this passage:
彼は仕事で大きなミスをしました。その結果、会社は彼を解雇しました。彼は新しい仕事を探しています。
なぜ彼は解雇されましたか？(Why was he fired?)
文章に「彼は仕事で大きなミスをしました。その結果、会社は彼を解雇しました。」とあります。(The passage states, 'He made a big mistake at work. As a result, the company fired him.')
文章に「彼は仕事で大きなミスをしました。その結果、会社は彼を解雇しました。」とあります。(The passage states, 'He made a big mistake at work. As a result, the company fired him.')
この文の「解雇」は何を意味しますか？(What does '解雇' mean in this sentence?)
Read this passage:
経済が悪くなり、多くの会社が従業員を解雇しています。私の父の会社も数人を解雇しました。これは悲しいことです。
この文の「解雇」は何を意味しますか？(What does '解雇' mean in this sentence?)
経済が悪くなって会社が「解雇」しているという文脈から、これは「仕事を辞めさせる」という意味です。(From the context that companies are 'laying off' due to a bad economy, it means 'making employees leave their jobs.')
経済が悪くなって会社が「解雇」しているという文脈から、これは「仕事を辞めさせる」という意味です。(From the context that companies are 'laying off' due to a bad economy, it means 'making employees leave their jobs.')
なぜ会社は彼女を解雇することにしましたか？(Why did the company decide to fire her?)
Read this passage:
彼女はいつも遅刻していました。上司は何度も注意しましたが、彼女は改善しませんでした。最終的に、会社は彼女を解雇することにしました。
なぜ会社は彼女を解雇することにしましたか？(Why did the company decide to fire her?)
文章に「彼女はいつも遅刻していました。上司は何度も注意しましたが、彼女は改善しませんでした。」とあります。(The passage states, 'She was always late. Her boss warned her many times, but she didn't improve.')
文章に「彼女はいつも遅刻していました。上司は何度も注意しましたが、彼女は改善しませんでした。」とあります。(The passage states, 'She was always late. Her boss warned her many times, but she didn't improve.')
会社の業績不振により、多くの従業員が___されました。
Context: Due to the company's poor performance, many employees were (dismissed/fired/laid off). '解雇' (kaiko) means dismissal or layoff, fitting the negative context of poor company performance. '採用' (saiyō) means employment, '昇進' (shōshin) means promotion, and '研修' (kenshū) means training, none of which fit the sentence.
不祥事を起こした社員は、すぐに___された。
Context: The employee who caused the scandal was immediately (dismissed/fired). '解雇' (kaiko) is appropriate for an employee dismissed due to a scandal. '表彰' (hyōshō) means commendation, '異動' (idō) means transfer, and '復帰' (fukki) means reinstatement, none of which fit the negative context.
経済状況が悪化し、工場で働く多くの人々が___されることになった。
Context: The economic situation worsened, and many people working at the factory were (laid off). '解雇' (kaiko) is suitable for layoffs due to economic downturn. '雇用' (koyō) means employment, '定年' (teinen) means retirement age, and '退職' (taishoku) means resignation, none of which reflect the involuntary nature of the situation.
彼が会社を___されたのは、度重なる遅刻が原因だ。
Context: The reason he was (dismissed/fired) from the company was repeated tardiness. '解雇' (kaiko) fits the scenario where an employee is fired for misconduct like repeated tardiness. '採用' (saiyō) means employment, '配置' (haichi) means assignment, and '配置換え' (haichigae) means reassignment, none of which describe being let go from a job.
契約期間満了のため、彼は___されることになった。
Context: Due to the expiration of his contract, he was to be (laid off/dismissed). Even if it's due to contract expiration, '解雇' (kaiko) can be used to describe the termination of employment. '継続' (keizoku) means continuation, '更新' (kōshin) means renewal, and '延長' (enchō) means extension, all of which imply continuing employment.
不正行為が発覚し、その部長は___を言い渡された。
Context: After his misconduct was discovered, the department manager was (dismissed/fired). '解雇' (kaiko) is the appropriate term for being fired due to misconduct. '奨励' (shōrei) means encouragement, '評価' (hyōka) means evaluation, and '称賛' (shōsan) means praise, none of which fit the negative context.
会社は不況のため、多くの従業員を___ことになった。
不況（ふきょう - recession）という文脈から、会社が従業員を「解雇する」という選択肢が最も適切です。
彼の突然の___は、社内外に大きな衝撃を与えた。
「突然の」という形容詞と、文脈から「解雇」が最も自然です。入社、異動、退職は突然であっても衝撃を与えるかもしれませんが、解雇はより強い衝撃を伴います。
業績不振を理由に、彼は___されてしまった。
業績不振（ぎょうせきふしん - poor performance）が理由であるため、「解雇」されたという選択肢が適切です。
会社が従業員を「解雇する」ことは、常に正当な理由がなければならない。
日本の労働法では、会社が従業員を解雇するには客観的に合理的な理由と社会通念上相当と認められる理由が必要です。
「解雇する」という言葉は、自分から会社を辞める場合にも使える。
「解雇する」は、会社側が従業員との雇用契約を一方的に解除する行為を指します。自分から会社を辞める場合は「退職する」や「辞職する」を使います。
経済的な理由で多くの従業員を解雇することを「レイオフ」と呼ぶことがある。
「レイオフ (layoff)」は、主に経済的な理由により一時的または恒久的に従業員を解雇することを指す英語表現で、日本語でも使われます。
The company's poor performance led to many employees being dismissed.
He was fired for taking responsibility for a scandal.
Contract employees cannot be dismissed without a legitimate reason.
Read this aloud:
会社の業績不振で、人員削減のために数名が解雇された。
Focus: かいこされた
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
突然の解雇通告に、彼は大きなショックを受けた。
Focus: かいこつうこく
Du hast gesagt:
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Read this aloud:
不当解雇だと訴訟を起こすことも考えられます。
Focus: ふとうかいこ
Du hast gesagt:
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This sentence means 'They dismissed employees due to poor performance.' The order 'They (彼らは) + poor performance due to (業績不振のため) + employees (従業員を) + dismissed (解雇した)' forms a grammatically correct and natural sentence.
This sentence means 'The company plans to lay off many employees to cut costs.' The order 'Company (会社は) + cost reduction for (コスト削減のため) + many (多くの) + employees (社員を) + lay off (解雇する) + plans (計画だ)' creates a coherent sentence.
This sentence means 'He was greatly shocked by the sudden dismissal notice.' The order 'Sudden (突然の) + dismissal notice (解雇通知に) + he (彼は) + big (大きな) + shock (ショックを) + received (受けた)' flows naturally in Japanese.
/ 30 correct
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遅めに
B1Late or later than usual.
経理
B1Accounting, accounts department; managing financial records.
的確な
B1Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
達成する
B1To achieve; to accomplish a goal.
活性化
B2To make something more active, lively, or effective. It is used for communities (revitalization), economies (stimulation), and biological processes (activation).
付加
B2To add or attach something extra to an existing thing to increase its value or function.
優位性
B2The state of being in a superior or more advantageous position compared to others; an edge or competitive advantage.
有利
A2Advantageous, favorable; beneficial in a situation.
有利に
B1Advantageously; favorably.
宣伝する
B1To promote; to publicize; to advertise.
