C1 Expression بسیار رسمی 6 دقیقه مطالعه

Intraclass correlation was

Research methodology and reporting expression

در ۱۵ ثانیه

  • Measures how much different people agree when looking at the same thing.
  • Used almost exclusively in formal research papers and data science reports.
  • Usually followed by a number (ICC value) between 0 and 1.
  • Essential for proving that your data is reliable and consistent.

معنی

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مثال‌های کلیدی

3 از 10
1

Writing a psychology lab report

The intraclass correlation was 0.82, indicating strong agreement between the two observers.

The intraclass correlation was 0.82, indicating strong agreement between the two observers.

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2

Explaining data quality in a Zoom meeting

We noticed the intraclass correlation was quite low during the first round of coding.

We noticed the intraclass correlation was quite low during the first round of coding.

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3

A PhD student discussing their thesis

I was relieved to see that the intraclass correlation was high for all my key variables.

I was relieved to see that the intraclass correlation was high for all my key variables.

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🌍

زمینه فرهنگی

There is a high 'trust in numbers.' A high ICC is often seen as more 'truthful' than a single expert's detailed qualitative description. Phrases like this are used to 'signal' high-level analytical competence. It's part of a linguistic toolkit used to establish authority in meetings. Consistency is a matter of life and death. The ICC is used to ensure that a patient gets the same diagnosis regardless of which doctor they see. This phrase acts as a 'lingua franca' (common language). A researcher from Brazil and a researcher from South Korea can both understand 'ICC' immediately.

🎯

Use it in your Thesis

If you are writing a Master's or PhD thesis, using this phrase correctly in your methodology section will immediately impress your examiners.

⚠️

Don't use it at parties

Unless you are at a convention for statisticians, this phrase is a conversation killer. Stick to 'We all agreed' in social settings.

در ۱۵ ثانیه

  • Measures how much different people agree when looking at the same thing.
  • Used almost exclusively in formal research papers and data science reports.
  • Usually followed by a number (ICC value) between 0 and 1.
  • Essential for proving that your data is reliable and consistent.

What It Means

Imagine you and three friends are judging a backyard talent show. If you all give the singing dog a 10, your agreement is high. If one gives a 10 and another gives a 2, you have a problem. Intraclass correlation was is the formal way to report that level of agreement. It tells your reader that multiple observers saw the same thing. In the world of data, this is like a 'seal of approval.' It means your measurements aren't just one person's weird opinion. It adds a layer of professional trust to your work. Without it, scientists would just be arguing in the dark. It is the statistics version of saying 'we promise we checked this.'

How To Use It

You will almost always find this in the 'Results' section of a paper. It is usually followed by a number between 0 and 1. For example, you might write, Intraclass correlation was 0.85. A high number means everyone agreed. A low number means your team needs a long meeting. You use the past tense was because the study is finished. It is a reporting tool, not a conversational one. You are telling the story of your data. Think of it as the grand reveal in a mystery movie. The number is the evidence that the detective (you) was right. Just don't use it at a party unless you want to be alone.

Formality & Register

This phrase is the 'black tie' of the English language. It is incredibly formal and strictly professional. You will see it in medical journals, psychology reports, and data science blogs. You will never hear it in a Marvel movie or on a TikTok dance trend. It belongs in the world of high-stakes peer review. Using it correctly makes you look like a seasoned expert. It shows you understand the 'rules' of the scientific game. It is a signal to other researchers that you take your work seriously. If English formality was a ladder, this phrase would be on the top rung. It is precise, cold, and very effective. It’s the linguistic equivalent of a perfectly ironed lab coat.

Real-Life Examples

Think about the Olympics. When the judges score a diver, they need Intraclass correlation. If the scores are all over the place, the system is broken. Another example is AI training. When thousands of people label images for Google, the developers check if the Intraclass correlation was high. If everyone calls a cat a 'dog,' the AI will be very confused. Medical doctors use it when two radiologists look at the same X-ray. If they don't agree, the patient might get the wrong treatment. It also appears in 'Netflix' or 'Amazon' internal data reports. They want to know if different users in the same category like the same shows. It is everywhere data lives.

When To Use It

Use this when you are writing your master's thesis or a PhD dissertation. Use it when presenting data to a group of skeptical engineers on Zoom. It is perfect for formal lab reports or grant applications. If you are writing a technical blog post on 'Medium,' this phrase adds instant authority. It is the best way to answer the question, 'How do I know I can trust your numbers?' Use it when you want to sound like a professional who respects the scientific method. It shows you didn't just 'eyeball' the results. It is the ultimate 'receipt' for your research. Use it to end an argument about data quality before it starts.

When NOT To Use It

Do not use this when talking to your mom about her famous lasagna. If you say, 'The intraclass correlation was high among the dinner guests,' she might stop feeding you. Avoid it in casual texts, DMs, or captions for your vacation photos. It is too heavy for everyday life. Using it outside of research makes you sound like a robot or a very confused professor. Never use it in a job interview for a non-technical role. It won't make you sound smart; it will make you sound 'too academic.' Keep it in the lab where it belongs. It’s like wearing a tuxedo to the beach—technically possible, but very weird.

Common Mistakes

One big mistake is confusing 'intra' with 'inter.' While interclass correlation exists, intraclass is the standard for groups. ✗ The interclass correlation was high → ✓ The intraclass correlation was high. Another mistake is forgetting the number. You can't just say it was 'good.' ✗ Intraclass correlation was very good → ✓ Intraclass correlation was 0.91. People also forget the past tense. ✗ Intraclass correlation is 0.80 → ✓ Intraclass correlation was 0.80 (for finished studies). Some learners try to make it plural without reason. ✗ Intraclass correlations was high → ✓ Intraclass correlation was high. Don't add unnecessary adjectives like 'very' or 'super.' Let the number do the talking.

Common Variations

You might see The ICC was instead of the full phrase. 'ICC' is the standard acronym that saves everyone's fingers from typing. Another variation is Intraclass correlation coefficients were used. This is for when you have multiple groups or different types of tests. Some people write We found that the intraclass correlation was... to sound a bit more active. In more modern papers, you might see Reliability, as measured by intraclass correlation, was... This explains *why* you are using the phrase. Older papers might use Coefficient of intraclass correlation was... It all means the same thing: 'Did the observers agree?' Choose the one that fits your professor's favorite style guide.

Real Conversations

P

Professor

How did the pilot study go, Sarah?
S

Sarah

It went well. The intraclass correlation was 0.88 across all three testers.
P

Professor

Excellent. That means our scoring rubric is solid.

Data Lead: We need to verify the manual labels for the new dataset.

Junior Analyst: I checked a sample, and the intraclass correlation was only 0.40.

Data Lead: Ouch. We need to retrain the annotators; that's way too low.

Student A: I'm worried my thesis results are too subjective.

Student B: Did you check the reliability? What intraclass correlation was reported in your draft?

Student A: I haven't calculated it yet. I'll do that in 'SPSS' tonight.

Quick FAQ

Is this the same as 'Pearson's r'? No, Pearson is for two different variables; ICC is for the same variable across different judges. Think of Pearson as comparing height and weight, while ICC is two people measuring the same person's height. Can I use this for a survey? Yes, if you have multiple people answering the same questions about a single object. Does a high number always mean I'm right? No, it just means you and your team agree. You could all be wrong together! Is 0.70 a good score? In most social sciences, 0.70 is considered 'acceptable,' but 0.90 is the dream. Do I need to explain what it is in my paper? Usually no, most researchers already know what an ICC is. Just report the number and move on.

نکات کاربردی

This is a strictly academic and professional phrase. It belongs in the 'Results' section of a paper. Avoid it in casual speech, as it is highly technical and specific to statistics.

🎯

Use it in your Thesis

If you are writing a Master's or PhD thesis, using this phrase correctly in your methodology section will immediately impress your examiners.

⚠️

Don't use it at parties

Unless you are at a convention for statisticians, this phrase is a conversation killer. Stick to 'We all agreed' in social settings.

💬

The 'Power Move'

In high-level business meetings, using this phrase can shut down an argument by providing 'objective' proof of consensus.

مثال‌ها

10
#1 Writing a psychology lab report
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The intraclass correlation was 0.82, indicating strong agreement between the two observers.

The intraclass correlation was 0.82, indicating strong agreement between the two observers.

Standard academic reporting of inter-rater reliability.

#2 Explaining data quality in a Zoom meeting
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

We noticed the intraclass correlation was quite low during the first round of coding.

We noticed the intraclass correlation was quite low during the first round of coding.

Used to explain a problem with data consistency to a team.

#3 A PhD student discussing their thesis
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

I was relieved to see that the intraclass correlation was high for all my key variables.

I was relieved to see that the intraclass correlation was high for all my key variables.

Expressing professional relief about data validity.

#4 A technical blog post about AI
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

To ensure label quality, the intraclass correlation was calculated for the human annotators.

To ensure label quality, the intraclass correlation was calculated for the human annotators.

Describing a process in a modern tech context.

#5 In a medical study about X-rays
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

The intraclass correlation was 0.95, showing the radiologists were very consistent.

The intraclass correlation was 0.95, showing the radiologists were very consistent.

Reporting high reliability in a critical healthcare setting.

#6 A humorous take on a messy project
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M14.828 14.828a4 4 0 01-5.656 0M9 10h.01M15 10h.01M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z"/></svg>

The intraclass correlation was so low that I think my cat was one of the judges.

The intraclass correlation was so low that I think my cat was one of the judges.

Using a formal term for a light joke about bad data.

#7 Writing a formal email to a supervisor
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

As requested, the intraclass correlation was re-evaluated using the updated dataset.

As requested, the intraclass correlation was re-evaluated using the updated dataset.

Formal communication about a task involving data checking.

Common learner error with 'inter' اشتباه رایج
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ The interclass correlation was 0.80. → ✓ The intraclass correlation was 0.80.

✗ The interclass correlation was 0.80. → ✓ The intraclass correlation was 0.80.

Learners often mix up 'inter' and 'intra'. Use 'intra' for agreement within a group.

Common learner error with word order اشتباه رایج
<svg class="w-5 h-5" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21 13.255A23.931 23.931 0 0112 15c-3.183 0-6.22-.62-9-1.745M16 6V4a2 2 0 00-2-2h-4a2 2 0 00-2 2v2m4 6h.01M5 20h14a2 2 0 002-2V8a2 2 0 00-2-2H5a2 2 0 00-2 2v10a2 2 0 002 2z"/></svg>

✗ It was intraclass correlation 0.75. → ✓ The intraclass correlation was 0.75.

✗ It was intraclass correlation 0.75. → ✓ The intraclass correlation was 0.75.

The phrase requires a definite article 'the' and a specific structure.

#10 Reporting a disappointing result
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Unfortunately, the intraclass correlation was below the acceptable threshold for this study.

Unfortunately, the intraclass correlation was below the acceptable threshold for this study.

Professional way to admit that a study failed its reliability check.

خودت رو بسنج

Complete the sentence using the correct form of the phrase.

After reviewing the three separate diagnoses, we found that the ________ 0.95.

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: intraclass correlation was

We need the singular 'was' and the correct term 'intraclass' to describe agreement within a group.

Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal research paper?

Reporting on the consistency of survey raters:

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: The intraclass correlation was high, indicating robust inter-rater reliability.

This option uses the correct technical terminology ('robust', 'inter-rater reliability') expected at a C1 level.

Match the ICC value to the correct interpretation.

The intraclass correlation was...

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 0.90 (Excellent agreement)

In statistics, an ICC closer to 1.0 represents higher consistency.

Choose the best response for the researcher.

Professor: 'How do we know your data isn't just biased by one rater?' Researcher: 'Actually, ________ calculated across all three raters.'

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: the intraclass correlation was

The researcher is defending their methodology using the standard formal phrase.

🎉 امتیاز: /4

ابزارهای بصری یادگیری

Intra vs Inter

Intraclass
Inside a group Inside a group
Interclass
Between groups Between groups

بانک تمرین

4 تمرین‌ها
Complete the sentence using the correct form of the phrase. جای خالی B2

After reviewing the three separate diagnoses, we found that the ________ 0.95.

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: intraclass correlation was

We need the singular 'was' and the correct term 'intraclass' to describe agreement within a group.

Which sentence is most appropriate for a formal research paper? Choose C1

Reporting on the consistency of survey raters:

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: The intraclass correlation was high, indicating robust inter-rater reliability.

This option uses the correct technical terminology ('robust', 'inter-rater reliability') expected at a C1 level.

Match the ICC value to the correct interpretation. situation_matching B1

The intraclass correlation was...

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 0.90 (Excellent agreement)

In statistics, an ICC closer to 1.0 represents higher consistency.

Choose the best response for the researcher. dialogue_completion B2

Professor: 'How do we know your data isn't just biased by one rater?' Researcher: 'Actually, ________ calculated across all three raters.'

✓ درسته! ✗ نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: the intraclass correlation was

The researcher is defending their methodology using the standard formal phrase.

🎉 امتیاز: /4

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سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Generally, anything above 0.75 is considered 'excellent,' while 0.60 to 0.74 is 'good.'

Technically yes, but it's very rare. It usually means there is something seriously wrong with your data or model.

No, it can be for anything in a group—sensors, machines, or even different branches of a bank.

Because agreement percentage doesn't account for 'chance.' The ICC is more rigorous because it considers the possibility that people agreed by accident.

Yes, in 99% of cases, you should say 'The intraclass correlation was...'

Yes, it is identical in all major dialects of English (US, UK, Canada, Australia).

Only if the job involves data, research, or quality control. Otherwise, it might sound confusing.

Kappa is for 'categories' (Yes/No), while ICC is for 'numbers' (1 to 10).

It's IN-truh-class. Don't say 'inter-class'!

Both are acceptable, but 'intraclass' (one word) is more common in modern journals.

عبارات مرتبط

🔗

Inter-rater reliability

similar

The degree to which different raters give consistent estimates.

🔗

Cronbach's alpha

similar

A measure of internal consistency for a set of questions.

🔗

Pearson correlation

contrast

Measures the linear relationship between two different variables.

🔗

Standard error of measurement

builds on

How much a score varies from the 'true' score.

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