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A1 noun #7,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

negligence

رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها negligence در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح negligence in your Level:

At the A1 level, negligence is a big word for a simple idea: not being careful. Imagine you have a glass of water. If you walk and look at your phone, you might drop the glass. This is 'not being careful.' In English, we call this 'negligence' when it is serious. For an A1 learner, think of it as 'forgetting to be safe.' If a mother leaves a baby alone, that is negligence. If a driver does not look at the red light, that is negligence. It is a noun, so we say 'The driver's negligence' or 'Because of negligence.' It is important to know that this word is about a mistake, not a person being mean. The person just forgot to do the right thing to keep people safe. You might see this word in very simple news stories or hear it in movies when someone gets into trouble for an accident. Just remember: Negligence = No Care + Accident.

At the A2 level, you can start to use 'negligence' to describe why accidents happen. It is a more formal way of saying 'carelessness.' You will often see it in sentences with the word 'due to.' For example, 'The fire was due to negligence.' This means the fire happened because someone was not careful. At this level, you should understand that negligence is usually used when someone has a job or a responsibility. A doctor, a teacher, or a parent can show negligence. It is not just a small mistake like spelling a word wrong. It is a mistake that can hurt someone or break something important. You can also use the adjective form 'negligent.' For example, 'The negligent driver hit the tree.' This means the driver was not paying attention. When you talk about rules and safety, using the word negligence makes your English sound more serious and professional than just saying 'he was not careful.'

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At the B1 level, you should understand that negligence is a failure to meet a 'standard of care.' This means there is a rule or an expectation of how you should act, and you failed to meet it. For instance, if you are a lifeguard, your 'duty' is to watch the pool. If you sleep while on duty, that is a clear case of negligence. You will start to see this word in newspapers and professional contexts. You should be able to use it with different verbs like 'accuse someone of negligence' or 'sue for negligence.' It is also important to distinguish it from 'neglect.' While 'neglect' often refers to not giving enough food or love to a pet or a child over a long time, 'negligence' is often about a specific event or a professional failure. In your writing, you can use negligence to explain the cause of a problem in a more sophisticated way. Instead of saying 'The company made a mistake,' you could say 'The company was found guilty of negligence in its safety procedures.'

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At the B2 level, you need to understand the legal and professional nuances of negligence. It is not just about being careless; it is a 'tort' in legal terms. This means it is a civil wrong that causes someone else to suffer loss or harm. You should be familiar with common collocations like 'gross negligence,' 'medical negligence,' and 'contributory negligence.' Gross negligence is much worse than simple negligence because it shows a total lack of concern for others. You might encounter these terms in business English or when reading about law and ethics. At this level, you should also be able to discuss the 'reasonable person' test—the idea that negligence is determined by comparing someone's actions to what a 'reasonable person' would have done in the same situation. When writing essays or reports, use 'negligence' to discuss accountability and responsibility in systems, such as 'The systemic negligence within the department led to a series of avoidable errors.'

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At the C1 level, your understanding of negligence should include its application in complex social and legal frameworks. You should be able to distinguish between 'negligence per se'—where an act is negligent because it violates a specific law—and ordinary negligence. You will encounter this word in high-level academic texts, legal briefs, and philosophical discussions about responsibility. You should understand the concept of 'vicarious liability,' where an employer is held responsible for the negligence of an employee. In your own output, you should use the word with precision, choosing between 'negligence,' 'dereliction of duty,' 'remissness,' or 'nonfeasance' depending on the exact context. You should also be able to discuss the ethical implications of negligence in modern technology, such as the negligence of software developers in protecting user data or the negligence of corporations in addressing climate change. Your use of the word should reflect a deep understanding of the relationship between duty, breach, causation, and damages.

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At the C2 level, you master the concept of negligence as it intersects with various legal systems (such as Common Law vs. Civil Law) and complex ethical theories. You can analyze the evolution of negligence from the landmark case of Donoghue v Stevenson to modern interpretations in cyber-law and bioethics. You understand the subtle distinctions in 'degrees of negligence' and how they affect the awarding of 'punitive damages' versus 'compensatory damages.' Your vocabulary includes highly specialized terms like 'comparative negligence' and 'assumption of risk.' At this level, you can use the word in sophisticated rhetorical ways, perhaps discussing 'historical negligence'—the failure of past generations to act with care toward the future—or 'intellectual negligence' in academic research. You are capable of critiquing the 'litigation culture' that surrounds negligence in some societies. Your writing should exhibit a seamless integration of the term within complex sentence structures, reflecting a nuanced grasp of how the failure of human attention can have catastrophic systemic consequences.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

negligence در ۳۰ ثانیه

Negligence is the failure to take proper care in doing something, leading to damage or injury.
It is a central concept in law, representing a breach of the 'duty of care' owed to others.
Commonly used in professional contexts like medicine, construction, and corporate safety protocols.
It differs from intent; negligence is about being careless, not about causing harm on purpose.

Negligence is a foundational concept in both everyday language and the specialized world of law and ethics. At its simplest level, it describes a situation where someone is not as careful as they should be, and because of this lack of care, something bad happens. It is not about doing something bad on purpose; rather, it is about the failure to act with the necessary attention or caution that a reasonable person would use. When we talk about negligence, we are often looking at a gap between what a person did and what they were expected to do. This word is most frequently heard in news reports about accidents, legal discussions regarding lawsuits, and professional environments where safety is a priority.

Core Concept: The essence of negligence is the 'breach of duty.' This means that if you have a responsibility to keep someone safe and you fail to do so because you were careless, you have committed negligence. It is the opposite of 'due diligence' or 'attentiveness.'

The car accident was caused by the driver's negligence because he was looking at his phone instead of the road.

Legal Context: In the legal system, negligence is a 'tort,' which is a civil wrong. To prove negligence in court, four things must be shown: a duty of care existed, that duty was breached, the breach caused an injury, and there are measurable damages. This is why lawyers use the word so often when discussing personal injury cases or medical malpractice.

The hospital faced a massive lawsuit due to medical negligence after the surgeon operated on the wrong leg.

Professional Standards: In workplace settings, negligence often refers to a failure to follow safety protocols. For instance, if a construction worker fails to wear a harness or a manager ignores a broken fire alarm, their behavior is described as negligent. This can lead to job termination or professional sanctions.

The building's collapse was attributed to the architect's negligence in calculating the structural load.

The babysitter was fired for negligence after leaving the toddler alone near the swimming pool.

The environmental disaster was the result of corporate negligence regarding waste disposal pipes.

Furthermore, negligence can be categorized into different levels. 'Gross negligence' is a severe form where the person shows a conscious and voluntary disregard for the need to use reasonable care, which is likely to cause foreseeable grave injury or harm. This is much more serious than 'simple negligence,' which might just be a momentary lapse in judgment. Understanding these nuances is vital for anyone working in insurance, law, or healthcare, as the severity of the negligence determines the legal penalties and the degree of fault assigned to the parties involved.

Using the word 'negligence' correctly requires understanding that it is a noun that describes a state of behavior or a specific act. It is often paired with adjectives that describe the severity or the type of failure. Because it is a formal word, it appears most often in professional writing, legal documents, and serious news reporting. However, you can also use it in personal settings to describe a serious lack of care that had consequences. Below are various ways to integrate this word into your vocabulary effectively.

Common Adjective Pairings: Negligence is frequently modified by adjectives such as 'gross,' 'criminal,' 'medical,' 'professional,' 'contributory,' and 'comparative.' Each of these provides a specific context to the failure of care. For example, 'gross negligence' implies a reckless disregard for safety, while 'contributory negligence' suggests that the person who was hurt also played a part in the accident.

The jury found the company guilty of gross negligence for ignoring safety warnings for over a decade.

Verb Collocations: You 'commit' negligence, you are 'guilty of' negligence, or you 'sue for' negligence. In a sentence, the word often follows prepositions like 'due to,' 'because of,' or 'through.' These structures help link the cause (the lack of care) to the effect (the accident or damage).

Due to the pilot's negligence, the plane was forced to make an emergency landing.

Sentence Structure Variations: Negligence can be the subject of a sentence (e.g., 'Negligence is a major problem in this industry') or the object (e.g., 'The report highlighted the employee's negligence'). Using it as a subject gives the word more power and focus, whereas using it as an object often focuses on the person responsible.

Criminal negligence is often difficult to prove in a court of law without overwhelming evidence.

The landlord's negligence in fixing the stairs led to a tenant's serious fall.

The investigation revealed a pattern of systemic negligence throughout the entire department.

In academic or legal writing, you might encounter the phrase 'per se negligence,' which refers to an act that is considered negligent because it violates a statute (like driving on the wrong side of the road). By practicing these different structures, you can move from using the word in a simple way to using it with the precision required for high-level English communication. Always ensure that the context implies a failure of a duty, as using 'negligence' for a simple mistake like a typo in a text message might sound overly dramatic unless the typo caused a significant real-world problem.

You are most likely to encounter the word 'negligence' in environments where accountability and safety are paramount. It is a staple of the legal system, healthcare, corporate governance, and journalism. Understanding where it appears helps you grasp the weight the word carries; it is rarely used lightly because it implies a failure of responsibility that often results in harm. Here are the primary domains where you will hear it used.

The Courtroom and Legal News: In legal dramas or real-life news coverage of trials, negligence is the central theme of 'tort law.' You will hear attorneys argue about whether a defendant's actions met the 'standard of care.' If a company produces a faulty product that hurts people, the news will report on the company's alleged negligence. This is perhaps the most common place for the word to appear in the public sphere.

Breaking news: The chemical plant is being investigated for criminal negligence following the gas leak.

Medical and Healthcare Settings: In hospitals and clinics, 'medical negligence' (often called malpractice) is a serious concern. It refers to a healthcare professional providing treatment that falls below the accepted standard in the medical community. You might hear this discussed in hospital board meetings, during ethics classes in medical school, or in insurance discussions.

The patient's family filed a claim for negligence after the wrong medication was administered.

Corporate and Financial Reports: In the business world, negligence can refer to 'fiduciary negligence,' where a director or officer fails to act in the best interest of the company or its shareholders. Auditors might use the word when they find that a company's financial records were poorly maintained due to a lack of oversight.

The CEO was accused of negligence for failing to monitor the company's offshore accounts.

The insurance claim was denied because the fire was caused by the homeowner's negligence.

The teacher was warned that further negligence in supervising the students would result in suspension.

Finally, you will hear it in everyday conversations when people are being particularly formal about a mistake. If someone leaves a candle burning and it causes a small fire, a neighbor might say, 'That was pure negligence.' In this context, it is used as a strong synonym for 'recklessness' or 'extreme carelessness.' It carries a tone of judgment, suggesting that the person should have known better and that their lack of attention was not just a small error, but a significant failure of common sense.

Even for advanced learners, 'negligence' can be a tricky word because of its formal tone and specific legal meaning. Many people confuse it with other words that mean 'mistake' or 'accident,' but negligence is distinct because of the element of 'duty' and 'failure.' Here are the most common errors people make when using this word and how you can avoid them to sound more natural and precise.

Confusing Negligence with Neglect: While they share the same root, 'neglect' is often a verb (to neglect) or a noun referring to a long-term state (child neglect). 'Negligence' is specifically the failure to exercise proper care in a specific instance or a professional context. You 'neglect' your garden, but a doctor is sued for 'negligence.' Use 'neglect' for ongoing lack of care and 'negligence' for the legal or professional failure.

Incorrect: He was sued for neglect. Correct: He was sued for negligence.

Using it for Small, Personal Mistakes: Negligence is a 'heavy' word. If you forget to buy milk, that is not negligence; it is just a mistake. Using 'negligence' for trivial things can make you sound overly dramatic or like you are trying too hard to use big words. Save 'negligence' for situations where there is a serious responsibility involved.

Overly Dramatic: My negligence in checking the weather led to me getting wet. (Better: My 'carelessness' or 'oversight').

Incorrect Prepositions: Learners often use the wrong preposition after negligence. It is 'negligence in' (doing something) or 'negligence regarding' (a topic), but never 'negligence on.' For example, 'negligence in his duties' is correct, while 'negligence on his duties' is not.

The report criticized the officer's negligence in securing the crime scene.

The company was found liable for its negligence regarding environmental safety.

The accident was not due to mechanical failure, but human negligence.

One final mistake is confusing 'negligence' with 'intent.' Negligence specifically implies that the person *didn't* mean for the bad thing to happen, but they were too careless to prevent it. If someone breaks a window on purpose, that is 'vandalism' or 'intentional harm,' not negligence. If someone breaks a window because they were playing baseball in a small backyard and weren't being careful, that could be negligence. Keeping this distinction clear will help you use the word accurately in debates, essays, and formal discussions.

To truly master 'negligence,' it helps to know its synonyms and how they differ in nuance. While 'carelessness' is the most common alternative, it doesn't always capture the legal or professional weight that 'negligence' does. Depending on the situation, you might want to choose a word that is more specific or more informal. Here is a breakdown of how negligence compares to its closest relatives.

Negligence vs. Carelessness: Carelessness is a general term for not paying attention. It can be used for small things (dropping a glass) or big things. Negligence is more formal and usually implies a failure of a specific duty or responsibility. You use 'carelessness' with friends and 'negligence' in a report or a courtroom.

His negligence was a breach of his professional contract, whereas his carelessness just made him unpopular.

Negligence vs. Laxity: Laxity refers to a general looseness or lack of strictness. If a school has 'lax' security, it means they are not very strict about the rules. Negligence is the *result* of that laxity when something goes wrong. Laxity is the state of the rules; negligence is the failure to follow them when it matters.

The administrative laxity in the office eventually led to a case of financial negligence.

Negligence vs. Oversight: An oversight is a small mistake caused by forgetting something. It sounds much 'softer' than negligence. Companies often use the word 'oversight' to make their negligence sound less serious. If you want to be kind to someone, call their mistake an oversight; if you want to hold them accountable, call it negligence.

The manager claimed it was a simple oversight, but the investigators called it gross negligence.

The pilot's remissness was cited as a contributing factor to the negligence claim.

Inattention to detail is the first step on the road to professional negligence.

Other words like 'inadvertence' and 'nonfeasance' are also used in legal circles. 'Inadvertence' is a very formal way of saying you didn't notice something, while 'nonfeasance' is the specific failure to perform an act that is required by law. By selecting the right alternative, you can convey the exact level of seriousness and the specific nature of the failure of care you are describing.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The root 'legere' is the same root for 'elect' and 'select'. So, while 'selecting' means picking out the best, 'negligence' is the act of not picking up your responsibilities at all.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒəns/

US /ˈneɡ.lə.dʒəns/

Primary stress is on the first syllable: NEG-li-gence.

هم‌قافیه با

intelligence diligence benevolence indigence effulgence refulgence divulgence exigence

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'g' like 'j' (it should be hard 'g').
Putting stress on the second syllable.
Confusing the ending with 'gent' (negligent).
Mumbling the middle syllables.
Forgetting the 'n' in the middle.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 7/5

Common in news and law, but requires context to understand nuances.

نوشتن 8/5

Hard to use correctly without sounding overly formal or dramatic.

صحبت کردن 6/5

Easy to pronounce but rarely used in casual conversation.

گوش دادن 7/5

Often found in formal reports and documentaries.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

careless mistake safety duty responsible

بعداً یاد بگیرید

liability litigation fiduciary malpractice prudent

پیشرفته

tort nonfeasance misfeasance proximate cause standard of care

گرامر لازم

Abstract Nouns

Negligence (uncountable) doesn't usually take 'a' or 'an' unless followed by 'case of'.

Possessive Gerunds

The manager's neglecting his duties (gerund) vs The manager's negligence (noun).

Passive Voice in Law

He was found to be negligent (adjective) vs Negligence was found (noun).

Prepositional Collocation

Negligence *in* supervising children is a crime.

Adjective placement

Gross negligence (adjective before noun) vs Negligence that is gross (relative clause).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

The fire started because of negligence.

The fire started because someone was not careful.

Negligence is the noun after 'because of'.

His negligence caused the accident.

His lack of care caused the crash.

Subject is 'His negligence'.

Is it negligence to leave a baby alone?

Is it a failure of care to leave a baby?

Used as a predicate noun.

She was sad about her negligence.

She was sad she wasn't careful.

Possessive 'her' before negligence.

Negligence is bad for safety.

Not being careful is bad.

Negligence as the subject.

The doctor's negligence was a big problem.

The doctor's mistake was serious.

Possessive 'doctor's'.

We must avoid negligence at work.

We must be careful at our jobs.

Direct object of 'avoid'.

The cat was hurt due to negligence.

The cat got hurt because no one watched it.

Follows 'due to'.

The company was sued for negligence after the floor collapsed.

The company went to court because they didn't fix the floor.

Passive voice 'was sued'.

Simple negligence can lead to huge costs.

A small lack of care can be expensive.

Adjective 'Simple' modifying negligence.

He lost his job because of his professional negligence.

He was fired because he didn't do his job carefully.

Compound noun 'professional negligence'.

The judge spoke about the driver's negligence.

The judge talked about how the driver wasn't careful.

Prepositional phrase 'about the driver's negligence'.

They accused the nurse of negligence.

They said the nurse was not careful.

Verb pattern: accuse someone of [noun].

Negligence is often the cause of house fires.

Carelessness often starts fires in homes.

Subject of the sentence.

You should not be punished for an accident, only for negligence.

You shouldn't get in trouble for a mistake you couldn't help.

Contrast between 'accident' and 'negligence'.

The report highlights the negligence of the staff.

The paper shows how the workers were not careful.

Genitive 'of the staff'.

The lawyer argued that the negligence was gross and unforgivable.

The lawyer said the lack of care was very serious.

Adjective 'gross' implies a high degree of negligence.

Many accidents are preventable if we eliminate negligence.

We can stop accidents by being more careful.

Conditional 'if' clause.

The hospital admitted to a certain degree of negligence.

The hospital said they were a little bit careless.

Phrase 'degree of negligence'.

Environmental negligence can destroy local ecosystems for years.

Not caring for the environment can hurt nature.

Adjective 'Environmental'.

Is the landlord liable for negligence if the stairs are broken?

Is the owner responsible if the stairs aren't fixed?

Adjective 'liable' often paired with negligence.

The pilot was cleared of any negligence after the investigation.

The investigation showed the pilot was careful.

Verb 'cleared of'.

We are seeking damages for the negligence of the contractor.

We want money because the builder was careless.

Legal term 'seeking damages'.

The jury must decide if this was an error or pure negligence.

The jury has to pick: was it a mistake or no care?

Comparison between 'error' and 'negligence'.

The plaintiff must prove that the defendant's negligence directly caused the injury.

The person suing must show the lack of care caused the hurt.

Legal terms 'plaintiff' and 'defendant'.

Contributory negligence might reduce the amount of compensation you receive.

If you were also careless, you might get less money.

Specific legal concept: contributory negligence.

The surgeon was accused of medical negligence during the heart operation.

The doctor was said to be careless during surgery.

Specific domain: medical negligence.

The company's systemic negligence led to a massive data breach.

The whole company was careless with computer data.

Adjective 'systemic' describing the scope.

Gross negligence involves a conscious disregard for the safety of others.

Very bad negligence means you knew it was dangerous but didn't care.

Defining 'gross negligence'.

The insurance policy does not cover damage caused by willful negligence.

The insurance won't pay if you were careless on purpose.

Adjective 'willful'.

The regulatory body fined the bank for negligence in its auditing process.

The government made the bank pay for not checking books.

Verb 'fined' for [noun].

He argued that the accident was due to mechanical failure, not human negligence.

He said the machine broke, it wasn't a person's fault.

Contrast between 'mechanical' and 'human'.

The concept of negligence per se simplifies the burden of proof in certain cases.

Sometimes an act is automatically negligent if it breaks a law.

Latin phrase 'per se' used in legal English.

The court's ruling on comparative negligence shifted the legal landscape significantly.

The new court decision changed how responsibility is shared.

Legal concept 'comparative negligence'.

Fiduciary negligence can lead to the total dissolution of a partnership.

Failing to care for a partner's money can end a business.

High-level professional term 'fiduciary'.

The historian noted the government's negligence in preserving ancient documents.

The government failed to take care of old papers.

Used in a non-legal, academic context.

The intersection of criminal negligence and intent remains a debated topic in legal theory.

People still argue about where carelessness ends and crime begins.

Noun phrase 'intersection of... and...'.

To establish negligence, one must demonstrate a breach of the duty of care.

To prove it, you must show the person didn't do their duty.

Formal verb 'establish'.

The board of directors was criticized for their collective negligence regarding risk management.

The whole board was blamed for not watching risks.

Adjective 'collective'.

Such negligence is indicative of a wider malaise within the corporate culture.

This lack of care shows the whole company is sick.

Sophisticated phrase 'indicative of a wider malaise'.

The jurisprudence surrounding negligence has evolved to encompass psychological harm as well as physical injury.

Law has changed to include mental hurt in negligence cases.

Advanced term 'jurisprudence'.

Critics argue that the current tort system encourages a culture of litigation over every perceived negligence.

People say we sue too much for every little mistake.

Complex noun phrase 'culture of litigation'.

The philosopher posited that intellectual negligence is the greatest threat to a democratic society.

A thinker said not being careful with ideas is dangerous.

Abstract usage 'intellectual negligence'.

Proving vicarious liability requires a clear link between the employee's negligence and the employer's oversight.

To blame the boss, you must show the worker was careless.

Legal term 'vicarious liability'.

The catastrophic failure was not the result of a single act of negligence, but a concatenation of minor errors.

The big disaster happened because many small mistakes joined together.

Advanced word 'concatenation'.

The treaty aims to address the transboundary negligence that leads to international pollution.

The agreement tries to stop carelessness that crosses borders.

Technical term 'transboundary'.

One must distinguish between mere inadvertence and the egregious negligence seen in this case.

You have to see the difference between a small mistake and a very bad one.

Strong adjective 'egregious'.

The defendant's plea of ignorance was dismissed as a form of willful negligence.

The person said they didn't know, but the judge said they should have.

Concept of 'willful negligence' as a rejection of an excuse.

مترادف‌ها

carelessness disregard neglect oversight laxity inattention

متضادها

care diligence attentiveness

ترکیب‌های رایج

gross negligence

medical negligence

criminal negligence

contributory negligence

professional negligence

due to negligence

guilty of negligence

act of negligence

systemic negligence

comparative negligence

عبارات رایج

sue for negligence

— To take legal action against someone for failing to be careful.

They decided to sue for negligence after the injury.

accuse of negligence

— To say that someone was not careful enough.

The media accused the mayor of negligence.

degree of negligence

— How much someone was at fault.

The judge determined the degree of negligence was low.

proven negligence

— Lack of care that has been shown to be true in court.

The case rested on proven negligence.

admit negligence

— To agree that you were not careful enough.

The airline refused to admit negligence.

claims of negligence

— Statements saying someone was careless.

The company dismissed the claims of negligence.

liable for negligence

— Legally responsible for the lack of care.

Is a dog owner liable for negligence if the dog bites?

pattern of negligence

— When someone is careless many times.

The investigation showed a pattern of negligence.

avoid negligence

— To try to be careful and follow rules.

Training helps employees avoid negligence.

victim of negligence

— A person who is hurt because someone else wasn't careful.

The victims of negligence deserve compensation.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

negligence vs neglect

Neglect is often a long-term state (like neglecting a garden), while negligence is often a specific failure of duty.

negligence vs recklessness

Recklessness is knowing the danger and doing it anyway; negligence is failing to notice the danger because you weren't careful.

negligence vs accident

An accident can happen even if you are careful; negligence means the accident happened because you *weren't* careful.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"asleep at the wheel"

— Being negligent or failing to pay attention when you should be in control.

The manager was asleep at the wheel while the company lost money.

informal

"drop the ball"

— To make a mistake or fail in one's responsibilities through negligence.

I really dropped the ball on that project.

informal

"cut corners"

— To do something in the easiest or cheapest way, often leading to negligence.

They cut corners on the building materials, which was pure negligence.

neutral

"let something slide"

— To ignore a problem or standard, often leading to negligence.

He let the safety checks slide, and now we have a problem.

informal

"look the other way"

— To ignore negligence or wrongdoing intentionally.

The inspector looked the other way when he saw the faulty wiring.

neutral

"fall asleep on the job"

— To fail to perform one's duties due to lack of attention.

The guard fell asleep on the job, allowing the break-in.

informal

"missing in action"

— Being negligent by not being where you are supposed to be.

Where is the supervisor? He's missing in action again.

slang

"play fast and loose"

— To act in a reckless or negligent way with rules or facts.

He played fast and loose with the company's funds.

neutral

"skate on thin ice"

— To behave in a risky or negligent way that could lead to trouble.

By ignoring the warnings, you are skating on thin ice.

informal

"throw caution to the wind"

— To act without any care or concern for consequences.

He threw caution to the wind and drove through the storm.

neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

negligence vs negligent

It is the adjective form.

Negligence is the thing; negligent is the person. You *show* negligence; you *are* negligent.

The negligent (adj) man showed great negligence (noun).

negligence vs negligible

Sounds very similar.

Negligible means so small it doesn't matter. Negligence means a failure of care. They are not related in meaning.

The difference in price was negligible, but the negligence in the contract was huge.

negligence vs malpractice

Used in similar contexts.

Malpractice is a specific type of negligence committed by a professional (like a doctor).

Medical negligence is the basis for a malpractice suit.

negligence vs inadvertence

Both mean not paying attention.

Inadvertence is more neutral and less judgmental than negligence.

What he called inadvertence, the judge called negligence.

negligence vs omission

Negligence often involves an omission.

An omission is just leaving something out; negligence is leaving it out when you had a duty to include it.

The omission of the safety step was a clear case of negligence.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

It was [noun]'s negligence.

It was the driver's negligence.

Due to negligence, [sentence].

Due to negligence, the house burned down.

He was accused of negligence for [verb-ing].

He was accused of negligence for leaving the door open.

The company is liable for negligence in [noun].

The company is liable for negligence in its safety checks.

To establish negligence, one must prove [clause].

To establish negligence, one must prove a breach of duty.

The jurisprudence of negligence centers on [noun].

The jurisprudence of negligence centers on the reasonable person standard.

All

There was no evidence of negligence.

There was no evidence of negligence in the report.

All

Negligence is not an excuse.

Negligence is not an excuse for breaking the law.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

negligence

neglect

negligibility

فعل‌ها

neglect

صفت‌ها

negligent

negligible

neglected

مرتبط

negligee

negligentia

neglector

negligentness

neglige

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in legal, medical, and news domains; medium in general academic writing.

اشتباهات رایج

He was sued for neglect. → He was sued for negligence.
Neglect is usually for long-term care; negligence is for legal failures.
The negligence on the driver was clear. → The negligence of the driver was clear.
Use 'of' or 'on the part of' for the person responsible.
His negligible behavior caused the crash. → His negligent behavior caused the crash.
Negligible means small; negligent means careless.
Because of negligence of the law... → Because of negligence regarding the law...
Use 'regarding' or 'in relation to' for the subject of the failure.
I committed a negligence. → I was guilty of negligence.
Negligence is usually uncountable; you don't use 'a' with it.

نکات

Context Matters

Always check if the situation involves a 'duty.' If there's no duty, it's just a mistake, not negligence.

Noun vs Adjective

Use 'negligence' as the name of the behavior and 'negligent' to describe the person who did it.

Formal Tone

Use 'negligence' in essays or formal emails to sound more professional and authoritative.

The Four Elements

Remember: Duty, Breach, Causation, Damages. If one is missing, it's not legal negligence.

Avoid Overuse

Don't use it for every small error. It loses its power if you use it for a typo or a spilled coffee.

Emphasis

Stress the first syllable. 'NEG-li-gence'. This is the standard way to say it in all English dialects.

News Clues

When you see 'negligence' in a headline, look for who is being sued and what they forgot to do.

Neglect the Fence

If you neglect the fence and the dog gets out, that's negligence. (Rhyme to remember).

Lawsuit Culture

Understand that in the US, this word is very common because of the high number of civil lawsuits.

Standard of Care

In academic writing, always mention the 'standard of care' when discussing negligence.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'NEGative' + 'DILIGENCE'. Negligence is the negative version of being diligent. If you aren't diligent, you are negligent.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person walking a dog but looking at their phone while the dog runs into the street. That phone-distraction is negligence.

شبکه واژگان

law accident careless duty mistake responsibility harm court

چالش

Try to find three news articles today that mention 'negligence' or 'negligent'. Write down who was responsible and what they forgot to do.

ریشه کلمه

The word comes from the Latin 'negligentia', which is derived from the verb 'neglegere'. This verb is a combination of 'nec' (not) and 'legere' (to pick up or choose).

معنای اصلی: The literal meaning was 'not to pick up' or 'not to choose', implying a failure to attend to something that should have been gathered or cared for.

It belongs to the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family, entering English through Old French in the 14th century.

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using this word about someone's parenting or professional skills, as it is a very serious accusation.

In the US, 'negligence' is often associated with 'ambulance chasers' (lawyers who seek out accident victims).

Donoghue v Stevenson (The Snail in the Bottle case) The Titanic sinking (often blamed on officer negligence) The Bhopal gas tragedy

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Legal Proceedings

burden of proof
standard of care
gross negligence
award damages

Medical Malpractice

surgical error
duty of care
patient safety
clinical negligence

Workplace Safety

safety protocol
OSHA violation
hazardous conditions
employee negligence

Car Accidents

distracted driving
traffic violation
at-fault driver
insurance claim

Parenting/Caregiving

lack of supervision
child safety
duty to protect
neglect vs negligence

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Do you think companies should be sued for negligence if a customer is hurt by their own mistake?"

"Have you ever seen a case of negligence in a movie that made you really angry?"

"How does your country's law handle medical negligence compared to the US?"

"Do you think 'gross negligence' should always result in a prison sentence?"

"Can you think of a time when a small oversight turned into a case of negligence?"

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a time you were careless. Would you describe it as negligence? Why or why not?

Discuss the balance between personal responsibility and corporate negligence in modern society.

How can technology (like AI) help reduce human negligence in dangerous jobs?

Describe a famous historical event where negligence played a major role in the outcome.

Is it possible for a government to be guilty of negligence toward its citizens? Explain your view.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Simple negligence is a mistake or failure to be careful. Gross negligence is a much more serious, reckless disregard for the safety of others. For example, forgetting to signal a turn is negligence; driving 100mph through a school zone is gross negligence.

Yes, if the negligence is severe enough, it can be 'criminal negligence.' This usually happens if someone's lack of care causes a death or serious injury, such as a drunk driver causing a crash.

No, most negligence cases are 'civil' cases, meaning they are handled in private lawsuits for money (damages), not in criminal court where you go to jail.

You must prove four things: 1. A duty of care existed. 2. That duty was breached. 3. The breach caused an injury. 4. There are actual damages or losses.

It depends. If you have a responsibility to remember it (like a doctor remembering a patient's allergy), then yes, forgetting can be negligence.

This is a legal defense where the defendant argues that the injured person was also being careless, and therefore should not get all the money they are asking for.

Absolutely. Companies are often found negligent if they sell dangerous products, have unsafe workplaces, or fail to protect customer data.

Not exactly. An accident is just something that happens. Negligence is the *reason* why some accidents happen. If an accident was unavoidable, it's not negligence.

It means an act is automatically considered negligent because it broke a law that was designed to protect people, like speeding.

Always follow safety manuals, double-check your work, stay focused on your tasks, and never 'cut corners' to save time.

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