این صفحه به زبان شما
English العربية Deutsch Español Français 日本語 한국어 Português 中文 हिन्दी
B2 noun 10 دقیقه مطالعه

आर्थिक विकास

aarthik vikas
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها आर्थिक विकास در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح आर्थिक विकास in your Level:
At the A1 level, 'आर्थिक विकास' (Aarthik Vikaas) is a very difficult and advanced phrase. A beginner should focus on the two words separately. 'Aarthik' relates to money (paisa), and 'Vikaas' means to grow or get better. Think of it like a plant growing, but for a country's money. At this stage, you don't need to use this phrase in conversation. Instead, you might say 'Desh ameer ho raha hai' (The country is becoming rich). If you see this word in a newspaper, just remember it means 'Money Growth' or 'Country Progress.' It is usually used for big things like India or a state, not for a person. Remember: 'Vikaas' is a boy's name too, which might help you remember it! It is a masculine word, so we say 'Vikaas achha hai.'
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
For A2 learners, you can start recognizing 'आर्थिक विकास' in news headlines or simple school books. You should understand that 'Aarthik' is an adjective that describes things related to the economy. You might use it in a simple sentence like 'India ka vikaas ho raha hai' (India's development is happening). You should know that 'Vikaas' is masculine, so you use 'ka' and not 'ki' before it. At this level, you are moving beyond just saying 'money' and starting to use more formal words for 'progress.' You might hear it in a speech about why schools are important. Just think of it as a fancy way to say 'the economy is getting better.' It is a compound word: Aarthik + Vikaas.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the B1 level, you should be able to use 'आर्थिक विकास' in sentences about your country or current events. You understand that it is a formal term used in 'Samachar' (news). You can now distinguish it from 'paisa' (money) or 'kamai' (earnings). You should be able to use it with postpositions correctly, such as 'Aarthik vikaas ke liye' (for economic development) or 'Aarthik vikaas ki raah' (the path of economic development). You are starting to see it as a goal of the government. You might use it in a paragraph about why technology is good for India. Example: 'Internet aarthik vikaas ke liye zaroori hai' (Internet is necessary for economic development). You are becoming comfortable with its masculine gender and its role as a key noun in formal Hindi.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the B2 level, which is the level of this word, you must use 'आर्थिक विकास' with precision. You should understand the nuance between 'Vikaas' (Development) and 'Vriddhi' (Growth). You can use it in debates and essays to discuss complex topics like 'Sustainable Development' (Satat Vikaas). You are expected to use it with advanced verbs like 'badhava dena' (to promote) or 'baadha daalna' (to hinder). You should be able to discuss the 'aarthik vikaas' of different sectors like agriculture (krishi) or industry (udyog). Your grammar should be flawless when using this term, especially in its oblique forms like 'Aarthik vikaas ke muddon par' (on the issues of economic development). You can now read Hindi editorials and understand the arguments being made about the nation's progress.
At the C1 level, you use 'आर्थिक विकास' as a starting point for deep socio-economic analysis. You can discuss the 'vibhram' (illusion) of development or the 'asamaanta' (inequality) that sometimes accompanies it. You are comfortable using it in academic papers or professional presentations. You can pair it with other complex terms like 'manav vikas suchkank' (Human Development Index) or 'samaveshi vikaas' (inclusive development). You understand the historical context of the word in India's post-independence history. You can critique policies using this term, such as 'kya yeh vaastavik aarthik vikaas hai?' (is this real economic development?). Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker who is well-educated in social sciences.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
At the C2 level, you have a masterly command over 'आर्थिक विकास' and all its synonyms. You can use it in high-level political philosophy or economic theory discussions in Hindi. You understand the subtle connotations it carries in different political ideologies. You can use it in literary critiques, perhaps discussing how a novel portrays the 'shoshan' (exploitation) hidden behind the mask of 'aarthik vikaas.' You can play with the word in rhetoric or poetry. You are aware of its Sanskrit roots and can use related terms like 'Arthavyavastha' or 'Vikas-sheel' (developing) with ease. You can lead a panel discussion on the future of global economic development entirely in Hindi, using this term to frame the entire narrative.
برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

आर्थिक विकास در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • A formal noun meaning 'Economic Development.'
  • Composed of 'Aarthik' (economic) and 'Vikaas' (development).
  • Used in news, politics, and academic contexts.
  • Implies qualitative improvement, not just quantitative growth.

The term आर्थिक विकास (Aarthik Vikaas) is a cornerstone of Hindi formal discourse, particularly in the realms of politics, journalism, and academia. It translates directly to 'Economic Development.' While it may seem like a dry technical term, its resonance in Hindi-speaking society is profound, often representing the hopes and aspirations of a nation striving for a better quality of life. To understand this term, one must dissect its two components: 'आर्थिक' (Aarthik), which pertains to 'Artha' (wealth or meaning), and 'विकास' (Vikaas), which signifies expansion, growth, or blooming.

Etymological Root
The word 'Aarthik' comes from the Sanskrit 'Artha,' which is one of the four goals of human life (Purusharthas) in Indian philosophy, representing material prosperity. 'Vikaas' implies a process of unfolding or evolving from a simpler to a more complex and better state.

In daily usage, you won't hear a vegetable vendor use 'आर्थिक विकास' to describe his daily earnings; instead, he might use 'kamai' (earnings) or 'fayda' (profit). However, if that same vendor is watching the news on television, he will hear the anchor discussing how the government's new policies are aimed at the aarthik vikaas of the rural population. It is a term of 'high register,' used when discussing the macro-scale improvement of society, including infrastructure, literacy, healthcare, and income levels.

शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य सेवा में निवेश ही वास्तविक आर्थिक विकास की नींव है। (Investment in education and healthcare is the foundation of real economic development.)

When people use this phrase, they are often making a distinction between mere 'growth' (vriddhi) and 'development' (vikaas). In Hindi discussions, aarthik vriddhi refers to the increase in GDP numbers, whereas aarthik vikaas is a more holistic term that encompasses the reduction of poverty and inequality. This distinction is crucial for B2 learners who wish to sound sophisticated in debates or formal writing.

Sociopolitical Context
In India, the phrase is frequently paired with 'Samajik' (Social) to form 'Samajik aur Aarthik Vikaas' (Social and Economic Development), highlighting the interconnectedness of society and economy in the Indian worldview.

Furthermore, the term is ubiquitous in the 'Panch-Varshiya Yojana' (Five-Year Plans) and modern initiatives like 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat.' For a learner, mastering this word opens the door to understanding Hindi editorials in newspapers like *Dainik Jagran* or *Navbharat Times*, where the trajectory of the nation is analyzed through the lens of development.

गाँवों के आर्थिक विकास के बिना देश की प्रगति अधूरी है। (The progress of the country is incomplete without the economic development of the villages.)

Using आर्थिक विकास correctly involves understanding its role as a compound noun and how it interacts with postpositions (karakas). Since it is a formal term, it often appears in complex sentence structures involving cause and effect or necessity.

As a Subject
When 'आर्थिक विकास' is the subject, the verb must be masculine singular. Example: 'आर्थिक विकास महत्वपूर्ण है' (Economic development is important).

One of the most common ways to use the term is with the postposition 'का' (ka). For instance, when saying 'the economic development of India,' you would say 'भारत का आर्थिक विकास' (Bharat ka aarthik vikaas). Notice how 'ka' matches the masculine gender of 'vikaas.' If you were to say 'the speed of economic development,' it would be 'आर्थिक विकास की गति' (Aarthik vikaas ki gati), where 'ki' matches the feminine 'gati' (speed).

नई तकनीक आर्थिक विकास को बढ़ावा देती है। (New technology promotes economic development.)

In this sentence, 'ko badhava dena' (to promote/give a boost to) is the verbal phrase. The term 'आर्थिक विकास' functions as the direct object. You will also frequently see it used with 'के लिए' (for). Example: 'आर्थिक विकास के लिए शांति आवश्यक है' (Peace is necessary for economic development).

For advanced learners, using the term in the passive voice or with modal verbs adds a layer of sophistication. For example, 'आर्थिक विकास किया जाना चाहिए' (Economic development should be done/pursued). Here, 'kiya jaana' agrees with 'vikaas.' If you are discussing the consequences of development, you might say 'आर्थिक विकास के कारण' (because of economic development), where 'ke' is used because 'kaaran' is a masculine postpositional noun.

Comparison Structure
'चीन का आर्थिक विकास भारत की तुलना में तेज़ रहा है।' (China's economic development has been faster compared to India.)

Lastly, consider the negative context. To say 'lack of economic development,' use 'आर्थिक विकास का अभाव' (Aarthik vikaas ka abhaav). This construction is very common in sociological essays and political critiques. By mastering these patterns, you can transition from simple sentences to complex economic analysis in Hindi.

सतत आर्थिक विकास ही भविष्य की मुख्य चुनौती है। (Sustainable economic development is the main challenge of the future.)

If you are walking through a busy market in Delhi or Mumbai, you might not hear 'आर्थिक विकास' in a casual conversation about the price of onions. However, the moment you turn on a news channel like Aaj Tak or NDTV India, this phrase will likely be mentioned within the first ten minutes of a bulletin. It is the language of the 'Samachar' (news).

In the Media
News anchors use it when discussing the 'Budget' (Bajet), 'GDP growth,' or international trade agreements. It sounds authoritative and serious. For example: 'सरकार ने आर्थिक विकास के नए आंकड़े जारी किए हैं' (The government has released new figures for economic development).

Another common venue for this word is the Indian classroom. Students of 'Arthashastra' (Economics) or 'Nagrik Shastra' (Civics) encounter this term in almost every chapter. It is used to explain the transition of India from a colonial economy to a global powerhouse. When a professor gives a 'vyaakhyaan' (lecture), 'आर्थिक विकास' is the preferred term over more colloquial words for growth.

आज की चर्चा का विषय है 'डिजिटल इंडिया और आर्थिक विकास'। (Today's discussion topic is 'Digital India and Economic Development'.)

You will also hear this in political 'bhashan' (speeches). Politicians from all parties use 'आर्थिक विकास' as a promise to voters. They might say, 'हम आपके क्षेत्र का आर्थिक विकास करेंगे' (We will bring economic development to your region). In this context, the word carries a heavy emotional and political weight, symbolizing jobs, better roads, and prosperity.

Public service announcements (PSAs) on the radio or billboards often feature this phrase. If there is a government advertisement about a new dam or a highway, the text will often conclude with how this project contributes to the nation's aarthik vikaas. It is a word that bridges the gap between the abstract concepts of the state and the tangible improvements in a citizen's life.

In Literature and Essays
Hindi literature that deals with social realism often uses this term to critique the uneven distribution of wealth. Authors might write about the 'vibhram' (illusion) of economic development that fails to reach the poorest of the poor.

In summary, 'आर्थिक विकास' is the language of the public sphere. It is what you hear when the nation talks to itself about its future, its progress, and its identity on the global stage. For a learner, hearing this word should trigger a mental shift into 'formal mode,' signaling that the topic at hand is of national or institutional importance.

रेडियो पर प्रधानमंत्री ने आर्थिक विकास की गति पर संतोष व्यक्त किया। (The Prime Minister expressed satisfaction with the pace of economic development on the radio.)

Learning to use आर्थिक विकास correctly requires navigating several linguistic pitfalls. Even advanced learners sometimes trip over gender agreement or confuse it with similar-sounding terms. Here are the most frequent errors to avoid.

Mistake 1: Gender Confusion
A very common mistake is treating 'विकास' as feminine. Many abstract nouns in Hindi are feminine, leading learners to say 'आर्थिक विकास अच्छी है' (Economic development is good - feminine). However, 'विकास' is strictly masculine. The correct form is 'आर्थिक विकास अच्छा है.'

Another frequent error is the confusion between 'आर्थिक विकास' (Economic Development) and 'आर्थिक वृद्धि' (Economic Growth). While they are related, they are not interchangeable in formal contexts. 'वृद्धि' (Vriddhi) is feminine and refers specifically to numerical increases in GDP. 'विकास' (Vikaas) is masculine and refers to qualitative improvements. Using 'विकास' when you specifically mean 'growth rate' can sound imprecise in an academic setting.

गलत: आर्थिक विकास हो रही है (Incorrect gender agreement).
सही: आर्थिक विकास हो रहा है (Correct).

Learners also often mispronounce the 'th' in 'Aarthik.' It is a dental 'th' (like in 'thin'), not a retroflex 'th.' Mispronouncing it as 'Aartik' or 'Aardhik' can make the word difficult for native speakers to recognize immediately. Similarly, ensure the 'v' in 'Vikaas' is a soft labiodental sound, not a heavy 'w' sound.

Mistake 2: Incorrect Word Order
Sometimes learners try to translate directly from English and say 'विकास आर्थिक' (Development economic). In Hindi, the adjective 'आर्थिक' must almost always precede the noun 'विकास.'

Furthermore, avoid using 'आर्थिक' with non-economic types of development. For instance, if you mean 'personal development' or 'spiritual development,' you should use 'vyaktigat vikaas' or 'aadhyatmik vikaas' respectively. Using 'aarthik' in these contexts would imply you are only talking about the person's bank balance, which might sound unintentionally cynical or humorous.

सावधान: 'आर्थिक' का प्रयोग केवल धन और अर्थव्यवस्था से संबंधित विषयों के लिए करें। (Caution: Use 'Aarthik' only for topics related to wealth and the economy.)

Finally, watch out for the postposition 'ka.' Because 'vikaas' is masculine, the possessive must be 'ka' (singular) or 'ke' (oblique/plural). Example: 'देश के आर्थिक विकास में' (In the country's economic development). Using 'ki' here is a sign of a beginner-level mistake that stands out in a B2-level conversation.

While आर्थिक विकास is the standard term for economic development, Hindi offers a rich palette of synonyms and related terms that can add nuance to your speech. Depending on whether you are talking about spiritual growth, physical progress, or a simple increase in numbers, you might choose a different word.

आर्थिक वृद्धि (Aarthik Vriddhi)
This means 'Economic Growth.' It is more specific than 'Vikaas.' It refers to the quantitative increase in a country's production of goods and services, often measured by GDP. Use this when you are talking about statistics and percentages.

Another excellent alternative is प्रगति (Pragati). This means 'Progress.' It is a more general term and can be used for economic, social, or personal advancement. It has a very positive, forward-looking connotation. For example, 'देश प्रगति कर रहा है' (The country is making progress). It is less technical than 'aarthik vikaas' and more common in everyday encouraging talk.

तुलना: 'विकास' (Vikaas) एक व्यापक प्रक्रिया है, जबकि 'वृद्धि' (Vriddhi) केवल संख्यात्मक बढ़त है। (Comparison: 'Development' is a broad process, while 'Growth' is only a numerical increase.)

उन्नति (Unnati) is another beautiful word meaning 'Advancement' or 'Prosperity.' It is often used in a more formal or literary sense, frequently paired with 'Pragati' in the phrase 'Unnati aur Pragati.' It suggests rising to a higher level or status. If you want to wish someone success in their career, you might say 'आपकी उन्नति हो' (May you prosper/advance).

सुधार (Sudhaar)
Meaning 'Improvement' or 'Reform.' If the economy was doing poorly and is now getting better, you might talk about 'आर्थिक सुधार' (Economic Reforms). This is a very common term in the context of the 1991 liberalization in India.

For a more informal or grounded term, you might use बढ़ोतरी (Badhotri), which simply means 'increase' or 'rise.' For example, 'कीमतों में बढ़ोतरी' (rise in prices). This is much more common in the marketplace. Lastly, समृद्धि (Samriddhi) means 'Prosperity' or 'Affluence.' It describes the *state* of being economically developed rather than the *process* of getting there.

वाक्य: 'आर्थिक विकास' का अंतिम लक्ष्य 'जन-समृद्धि' होना चाहिए। (The ultimate goal of 'Economic Development' should be 'Public Prosperity'.)

Understanding these distinctions allows you to choose the exact 'flavor' of development you wish to discuss. Whether you are focusing on the numbers (vriddhi), the general forward motion (pragati), the structural changes (sudhaar), or the final state of wealth (samriddhi), you now have the tools to do so.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The word 'Vikaas' is one of the most popular male names in India, symbolizing the parents' hope for the child's growth and success.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ɑːr.tʰɪk vɪ.kɑːs/
US /ɑːr.tʰɪk vɪ.kɑːs/
Stress is balanced on the first syllable of 'Aarthik' and the second syllable of 'Vikaas'.
هم‌قافیه با
Prakash (Light) Akash (Sky) Niwas (Residence) Abhyas (Practice) Pravas (Migration) Vishwas (Trust) Vinas (Destruction - antonym rhyme) Ullas (Joy)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing 'Aarthik' as 'Aartik' (missing the aspiration).
  • Pronouncing 'Vikaas' as 'Vee-kaas' (too long 'i').
  • Using a hard English 'th' as in 'that'.
  • Treating 'V' as a hard 'W'.
  • Misplacing the stress on 'Aar-THIK'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Requires knowledge of formal Sanskritized vocabulary.

نوشتن 5/5

Spelling 'Aarthik' and 'Vikaas' correctly requires practice with conjuncts.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Pronunciation is straightforward once aspiration is mastered.

گوش دادن 4/5

Often spoken quickly in news broadcasts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

पैसे (Money) काम (Work) देश (Country) बड़ा (Big) अच्छा (Good)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

अर्थव्यवस्था (Economy) जीडीपी (GDP) निवेश (Investment) मुद्रास्फीति (Inflation) बाज़ार (Market)

پیشرفته

पूँजीवाद (Capitalism) समाजवाद (Socialism) उदारीकरण (Liberalization) निजीकरण (Privatization) वैश्वीकरण (Globalization)

گرامر لازم

Adjective-Noun Agreement

आर्थिक (adj) + विकास (masc noun) = आर्थिक विकास।

Postpositional Case (Oblique)

आर्थिक विकास -> आर्थिक विकास के (with 'ke').

Verb Agreement

विकास हो रहा है (masculine singular).

Compound Noun Formation

Combining two nouns or an adjective and a noun.

Use of 'ka/ke/ki'

भारत का (masc) विकास।

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

भारत का आर्थिक विकास अच्छा है।

India's economic development is good.

Uses 'ka' (masculine) and 'achha' (masculine) to match 'Vikaas'.

2

विकास ज़रूरी है।

Development is necessary.

Simple subject-predicate structure.

3

क्या यहाँ आर्थिक विकास है?

Is there economic development here?

Interrogative sentence.

4

गाँव में विकास हो रहा है।

Development is happening in the village.

Present continuous tense: 'ho raha hai'.

5

पैसे से आर्थिक विकास होता है।

Economic development happens with money.

Habitual present: 'hota hai'.

6

यह एक बड़ा आर्थिक विकास है।

This is a big economic development.

'Bada' (big) modifies 'Vikaas'.

7

सबको आर्थिक विकास चाहिए।

Everyone wants economic development.

Use of 'chahiye' for wanting something.

8

शहर का आर्थिक विकास तेज़ है।

The city's economic development is fast.

'Tez' (fast) is an adjective here.

1

नई सड़कों से आर्थिक विकास होगा।

New roads will bring economic development.

Future tense 'hoga' agreeing with 'vikaas'.

2

सरकार आर्थिक विकास चाहती है।

The government wants economic development.

'Sarkar' is feminine, but 'vikaas' is the object.

3

आर्थिक विकास के लिए स्कूल चाहिए।

Schools are needed for economic development.

Use of 'ke liye' (for).

4

क्या यह आर्थिक विकास सबके लिए है?

Is this economic development for everyone?

Questioning inclusivity.

5

आर्थिक विकास से गरीबी कम होती है।

Poverty decreases through economic development.

'Se' indicates the means/instrument.

6

हमारे देश का आर्थिक विकास धीमा है।

Our country's economic development is slow.

'Dhima' (slow) matches masculine 'vikaas'.

7

वह आर्थिक विकास के बारे में पढ़ता है।

He reads about economic development.

'Ke baare mein' (about).

8

आर्थिक विकास एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है।

Economic development is an important subject.

'Vishay' (subject) is masculine.

1

आर्थिक विकास के बिना देश प्रगति नहीं कर सकता।

Without economic development, the country cannot progress.

'Ke bina' (without) requires the oblique case.

2

शिक्षा ही आर्थिक विकास की कुंजी है।

Education is the key to economic development.

'Kunji' is feminine, hence 'ki'.

3

हमें ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों के आर्थिक विकास पर ध्यान देना चाहिए।

We should focus on the economic development of rural areas.

'Dhyan dena' with 'par' (focus on).

4

तकनीक ने आर्थिक विकास की गति बढ़ा दी है।

Technology has increased the pace of economic development.

Perfect tense with 'ne' and 'di' (agreeing with 'gati').

5

क्या आर्थिक विकास से पर्यावरण को नुकसान होता है?

Does economic development cause harm to the environment?

Asking about environmental impact.

6

आर्थिक विकास का लाभ सबको मिलना चाहिए।

The benefits of economic development should reach everyone.

'Laabh' (benefit) is masculine.

7

इस योजना का उद्देश्य आर्थिक विकास है।

The objective of this scheme is economic development.

'Uddeshya' (objective) is masculine.

8

आर्थिक विकास के आंकड़ों में सुधार हुआ है।

There has been an improvement in the economic development figures.

'Aankdon' is plural oblique.

1

सतत आर्थिक विकास के लिए प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संरक्षण आवश्यक है।

Conservation of natural resources is essential for sustainable economic development.

Use of 'Satat' (sustainable).

2

आर्थिक विकास और सामाजिक न्याय एक-दूसरे के पूरक हैं।

Economic development and social justice are complementary to each other.

'Purak' (complementary).

3

भ्रष्टाचार आर्थिक विकास के मार्ग में सबसे बड़ी बाधा है।

Corruption is the biggest obstacle in the path of economic development.

'Baadha' (obstacle) is feminine.

4

वैश्वीकरण ने विकासशील देशों के आर्थिक विकास को प्रभावित किया है।

Globalization has influenced the economic development of developing countries.

'Prabhavit karna' (to influence).

5

आर्थिक विकास की नीतियों में पारदर्शिता होनी चाहिए।

There should be transparency in economic development policies.

'Paardarshta' (transparency) is feminine.

6

केवल जीडीपी में वृद्धि ही वास्तविक आर्थिक विकास नहीं है।

An increase in GDP alone is not real economic development.

Distinguishing between growth and development.

7

आर्थिक विकास के लिए विदेशी निवेश को आमंत्रित किया गया है।

Foreign investment has been invited for economic development.

Passive voice 'kiya gaya hai'.

8

स्थानीय उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देना आर्थिक विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है।

Promoting local industries is important for economic development.

'Badhava dena' (to promote/encourage).

1

आर्थिक विकास की अवधारणा समय के साथ बदलती रही है।

The concept of economic development has been changing over time.

'Avdharna' (concept) is feminine.

2

समावेशी आर्थिक विकास के बिना सामाजिक स्थिरता संभव नहीं है।

Social stability is not possible without inclusive economic development.

'Samaveshi' (inclusive).

3

आर्थिक विकास और पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता के बीच संतुलन बनाना अनिवार्य है।

It is mandatory to strike a balance between economic development and environmental sustainability.

'Anivarya' (mandatory/essential).

4

डिजिटल क्रांति ने आर्थिक विकास के नए प्रतिमान स्थापित किए हैं।

The digital revolution has established new paradigms of economic development.

'Pratiman' (paradigm/standard) is masculine.

5

आर्थिक विकास का आकलन केवल मौद्रिक दृष्टि से नहीं किया जाना चाहिए।

The assessment of economic development should not be done only from a monetary perspective.

'Aaklan' (assessment) is masculine.

6

पूंजीवाद और आर्थिक विकास के अंतर्संबंधों पर गहन शोध की आवश्यकता है।

There is a need for deep research on the interconnections between capitalism and economic development.

'Antarsambandh' (interconnections).

7

आर्थिक विकास की प्रक्रिया में मानवीय मूल्यों की अनदेखी नहीं की जा सकती।

Human values cannot be ignored in the process of economic development.

'Andekhi' (ignoring/oversight) is feminine.

8

बुनियादी ढांचे का सुदृढ़ीकरण आर्थिक विकास की पूर्व शर्त है।

Strengthening of infrastructure is a prerequisite for economic development.

'Sudridhikaran' (strengthening).

1

आर्थिक विकास की वेदी पर पर्यावरण की बलि देना आत्मघाती कदम है।

Sacrificing the environment on the altar of economic development is a suicidal step.

Metaphorical usage of 'vedi' (altar) and 'bali' (sacrifice).

2

वैश्विक आर्थिक विकास की असमानता भू-राजनीतिक तनावों का मुख्य कारण है।

The inequality of global economic development is the main cause of geopolitical tensions.

'Bhu-rajnitik' (geopolitical).

3

क्या आर्थिक विकास का पश्चिमी मॉडल विकासशील देशों के लिए उपयुक्त है?

Is the Western model of economic development suitable for developing countries?

Critical questioning of developmental models.

4

आर्थिक विकास की सार्थकता तभी है जब वह समाज के अंतिम व्यक्ति तक पहुँचे।

Economic development is meaningful only when it reaches the last person in society.

'Sarthakta' (meaningfulness/efficacy).

5

आर्थिक विकास के नाम पर संसाधनों का अंधाधुंध दोहन चिंताजनक है।

The indiscriminate exploitation of resources in the name of economic development is worrying.

'Dohan' (exploitation/extraction).

6

आर्थिक विकास की संरचनात्मक बाधाओं को दूर करना एक बड़ी चुनौती है।

Removing the structural bottlenecks of economic development is a major challenge.

'Sanrachnatmak' (structural).

7

आर्थिक विकास की गतिशीलता को बनाए रखने के लिए नवाचार अनिवार्य है।

Innovation is essential to maintain the dynamism of economic development.

'Gatishilta' (dynamism/mobility).

8

आर्थिक विकास के प्रतिमानों का पुनर्निर्धारण समय की मांग है।

Redefining the paradigms of economic development is the need of the hour.

'Punarnirdharan' (redefinition/re-determination).

مترادف‌ها

आर्थिक प्रगति आर्थिक उन्नति आर्थिक सुधार आर्थिक वृद्धि आर्थिक समृद्धि विकास पूँजीगत विकास ढाँचागत विकास

متضادها

आर्थिक मंदी आर्थिक गिरावट आर्थिक पिछड़ापन आर्थिक संकट

ترکیب‌های رایج

सतत आर्थिक विकास
तेज़ आर्थिक विकास
समावेशी आर्थिक विकास
आर्थिक विकास की दर
आर्थिक विकास की गति
आर्थिक विकास का मॉडल
आर्थिक विकास की नीतियां
आर्थिक विकास में बाधा
आर्थिक विकास के लाभ
आर्थिक विकास का मार्ग

عبارات رایج

आर्थिक विकास के पथ पर

— On the path of economic development.

भारत आर्थिक विकास के पथ पर अग्रसर है।

आर्थिक विकास को गति देना

— To accelerate or give momentum to economic development.

नई नीतियों ने विकास को गति दी है।

आर्थिक विकास की नींव

— The foundation of economic development.

बुनियादी ढांचा ही विकास की नींव है।

आर्थिक विकास का पहिया

— The wheel of economic development (metaphor for progress).

विकास का पहिया रुकना नहीं चाहिए।

आर्थिक विकास का इंजन

— The engine of economic development (e.g., technology or youth).

युवा शक्ति विकास का इंजन है।

आर्थिक विकास की दौड़

— The race for economic development.

हर देश विकास की दौड़ में शामिल है।

आर्थिक विकास का फल

— The fruit of economic development.

विकास का फल सबको मिलना चाहिए।

आर्थिक विकास का सपना

— The dream of economic development.

यह हर भारतीय का सपना है।

आर्थिक विकास की चुनौतियां

— The challenges of economic development.

हमें इन चुनौतियों का सामना करना होगा।

आर्थिक विकास का दौर

— The era/period of economic development.

यह भारत के विकास का दौर है।

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

आर्थिक विकास vs आर्थिक वृद्धि

Vriddhi is quantitative growth (GDP), Vikaas is qualitative development (Standard of living).

आर्थिक विकास vs सामाजिक विकास

Social development focus on health/education, while Aarthik focuses on wealth/economy.

आर्थिक विकास vs व्यक्तिगत विकास

Personal development, not related to national economy.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"विकास की गंगा बहाना"

— To bring about an abundance of development (metaphorical).

सरकार ने गाँव में विकास की गंगा बहा दी।

Political Rhetoric
"चार चाँद लगाना"

— To enhance the beauty/glory (can be used for development).

नई मेट्रो ने शहर के विकास में चार चाँद लगा दिए।

General
"आसमान छूना"

— To touch the sky (used for high growth rates).

हमारी विकास दर आसमान छू रही है।

Informal/Media
"कायापलट करना"

— To completely transform (used for rapid development).

नई सड़क ने इलाके की कायापलट कर दी।

General
"नींव का पत्थर"

— The cornerstone (used for crucial development projects).

यह बांध विकास के लिए नींव का पत्थर साबित होगा।

Formal
"दिन दूनी रात चौगुनी"

— Progressing by leaps and bounds.

देश दिन दूनी रात चौगुनी विकास कर रहा है।

Idiomatic
"हाथ बँटाना"

— To lend a hand (used for community contribution to development).

जनता को विकास में हाथ बँटाना चाहिए।

Neutral
"रास्ता साफ़ करना"

— To clear the way (removing hurdles for development).

नए कानूनों ने विकास का रास्ता साफ़ कर दिया।

Political
"सोने की चिड़िया"

— Golden bird (historical reference to India's economic peak).

विकास के ज़रिए हमें फिर से सोने की चिड़िया बनना है।

Patriotic
"पंख लगना"

— To get wings (used when development speeds up).

आईटी सेक्टर के आने से विकास को पंख लग गए।

Informal/Media

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

आर्थिक विकास vs आर्थिक (Aarthik)

Sounds like 'Aarthik' (meaningful).

In context, it almost always means economic in modern Hindi.

आर्थिक स्थिति (Economic condition).

आर्थिक विकास vs विकास (Vikaas)

Also a common name.

Use context to know if it's a person or a concept.

विकास आ रहा है (Vikas is coming) vs विकास हो रहा है (Development is happening).

आर्थिक विकास vs प्रगति (Pragati)

Both mean progress.

Pragati is more general and feminine; Vikaas is masculine and can be technical.

देश की प्रगति (Country's progress).

आर्थिक विकास vs सुधार (Sudhaar)

Both imply getting better.

Sudhaar means fixing something broken; Vikaas means building/growing.

आर्थिक सुधार (Economic reforms).

आर्थिक विकास vs वृद्धि (Vriddhi)

Both mean growth.

Vriddhi is often just an increase in size/number; Vikaas is structural.

जनसंख्या वृद्धि (Population growth).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

[Noun] का विकास हो रहा है।

भारत का विकास हो रहा है।

A2

हमें [Noun] का आर्थिक विकास चाहिए।

हमें गाँव का आर्थिक विकास चाहिए।

B1

आर्थिक विकास के लिए [Noun] ज़रूरी है।

आर्थिक विकास के लिए शांति ज़रूरी है।

B2

[Noun] आर्थिक विकास में बाधा है।

भ्रष्टाचार आर्थिक विकास में बाधा है।

C1

आर्थिक विकास की [Noun] को समझना होगा।

आर्थिक विकास की जटिलता को समझना होगा।

C2

आर्थिक विकास के [Noun] का पुनर्निर्धारण आवश्यक है।

आर्थिक विकास के प्रतिमानों का पुनर्निर्धारण आवश्यक है।

B2

[Verb-ing] से आर्थिक विकास होता है।

निवेश करने से आर्थिक विकास होता है।

B1

सरकार [Noun] पर ध्यान दे रही है।

सरकार आर्थिक विकास पर ध्यान दे रही है।

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

अर्थ (Wealth/Meaning)
अर्थव्यवस्था (Economy)
अर्थशास्त्री (Economist)
विकास (Development)

فعل‌ها

विकसित करना (To develop)
विकास करना (To progress/develop)

صفت‌ها

आर्थिक (Economic)
विकसित (Developed)
विकासशील (Developing)
अल्पविकसित (Underdeveloped)

مرتبط

बजट (Budget)
पूँजी (Capital)
निवेश (Investment)
बाज़ार (Market)
व्यापार (Trade)
برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in media and education.

اشتباهات رایج
  • आर्थिक विकास हो रही है। → आर्थिक विकास हो रहा है।

    Vikaas is masculine, so the verb must be 'ho raha hai'.

  • आर्थिक प्रगति (masc) → आर्थिक प्रगति (fem)

    While 'Vikaas' is masculine, 'Pragati' is feminine. Don't mix them up.

  • विकास आर्थिक → आर्थिक विकास

    Adjectives must come before the noun in Hindi.

  • Aartik Vikas → Aarthik Vikaas

    The 'th' must be aspirated. 'Aartik' sounds like a different word.

  • Bharat ki vikaas → Bharat ka vikaas

    Possessive 'ka' must match masculine 'vikaas'.

نکات

Gender Tip

Always remember that 'Vikaas' is masculine. This is the most common mistake for learners. Pair it with 'hota hai' or 'achha'.

Context Tip

Use 'Aarthik' only for money-related things. For social things, use 'Samajik'.

Aspiration Tip

The 'th' in 'Aarthik' must be aspirated. Practice by blowing a little air while saying it.

Slogan Tip

You will hear 'Vikas' in many Indian political slogans. Knowing this word helps you understand the political climate.

Formal Tip

In essays, use 'आर्थिक विकास' to sound more professional than just using 'paisa' (money).

News Tip

Listen for this word in the first 5 minutes of any Hindi news bulletin.

Association Tip

Associate 'Vikaas' with the English word 'Vitality' to remember it means growth and life.

Flow Tip

Don't pause between 'Aarthik' and 'Vikaas'. Say it as one fluid concept.

Textbook Tip

This word is a 'keyword' in Hindi social science textbooks. Highlight it whenever you see it.

Compound Tip

This is a compound noun. Treat it as a single unit when applying postpositions like 'ko' or 'ne'.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Art' (Aarthik) being used to 'Vikas' (Fix-us) the country's money problems. 'Art' of fixing wealth.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a golden gear (Aarthik) turning a blooming flower (Vikaas) made of skyscrapers.

شبکه واژگان

Money Growth Future India Jobs Schools Health Roads

چالش

Try to find 'आर्थिक विकास' in a Hindi newspaper headline today and explain the context to a friend.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from Sanskrit. 'Aarthik' comes from 'Artha' (wealth/purpose) + 'ik' (suffix). 'Vikaas' comes from 'vi' (prefix for expansion) + 'kas' (to shine/open).

معنای اصلی: 'Artha' relates to one of the four goals of life; 'Vikaas' originally meant the blooming of a flower.

Indo-Aryan

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when discussing 'Vikaas' in tribal (Adivasi) areas, as it can sometimes be associated with displacement for industrial projects.

English speakers often use 'Economic Growth' and 'Development' interchangeably, but in Hindi, 'Vikaas' is much more common and emotive than 'Vriddhi'.

Used in the slogan 'Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas'. Frequent term in 'Man Ki Baat' radio program. Title of many government white papers.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

News Broadcast

  • आज की बड़ी खबर
  • आर्थिक विकास के आंकड़े
  • सरकार का दावा
  • विपक्ष का हमला

School Essay

  • प्रस्तावना
  • निष्कर्ष
  • मुख्य कारण
  • महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका

Political Speech

  • भाइयो और बहनों
  • हमारा संकल्प
  • विकास की लहर
  • उज्ज्वल भविष्य

Business Meeting

  • बाज़ार की स्थिति
  • निवेश की योजना
  • विकास की संभावनाएं
  • अगली तिमाही

Environmental Debate

  • प्रदूषण की समस्या
  • सतत विकास
  • प्राकृतिक संसाधन
  • आने वाली पीढ़ी

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"क्या आपको लगता है कि भारत का आर्थिक विकास सही दिशा में है?"

"आपके अनुसार आर्थिक विकास के लिए सबसे ज़रूरी चीज़ क्या है?"

"क्या आर्थिक विकास से पर्यावरण को नुकसान पहुँचता है?"

"गाँवों के आर्थिक विकास के लिए क्या किया जाना चाहिए?"

"क्या तकनीक आर्थिक विकास की गति को बढ़ा सकती है?"

موضوعات نگارش

मेरे देश के आर्थिक विकास के बारे में मेरे विचार...

अगर मैं प्रधानमंत्री होता, तो मैं आर्थिक विकास कैसे करता?

आर्थिक विकास और शिक्षा के बीच क्या संबंध है?

क्या केवल पैसा ही विकास की निशानी है? विस्तार से लिखें।

मेरे शहर में पिछले दस सालों में क्या विकास हुआ है?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

It is masculine. You should use masculine adjectives and verbs with it. Example: 'अच्छा विकास' (Good development).

Vikaas (Development) is a broad term for quality of life, while Vriddhi (Growth) is specifically about economic numbers like GDP.

Yes, 'Vikaas' is a common male name in India. However, 'Aarthik Vikaas' refers only to the economic concept.

It is called 'सतत आर्थिक विकास' (Satat Aarthik Vikaas) or 'सतत विकास'.

Not usually in casual chat, but it is very common in news, school, and work environments.

Common verbs include 'होना' (to happen), 'करना' (to do/bring about), and 'बढ़ावा देना' (to promote).

It is spelled 'आर्थिक' with a 'reph' (r-sound) over the 'thi'.

The opposite would be 'आर्थिक मंदी' (Economic Recession) or 'आर्थिक पिछड़ापन' (Economic Backwardness).

Yes, 'आर्थिक प्रगति' is a very common and acceptable synonym.

Because 'vikaas' is a masculine singular noun, the possessive postposition must be 'ka'.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

خودت رو بسنج 200 سوال

writing

Translate to Hindi: 'Economic development is very important for India.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Hindi: 'We need sustainable economic development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to Hindi: 'Corruption is a hurdle in economic development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence using 'आर्थिक विकास' and 'शिक्षा'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate to English: 'गाँवों के आर्थिक विकास के बिना देश अधूरा है।'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a formal sentence about 'Digital India' and development.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The government released new figures for economic development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Use 'आर्थिक विकास' in a question about the future.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Inclusive development is our main goal.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Explain 'आर्थिक विकास' in one Hindi sentence for a child.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Technology plays a big role in economic development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'There is a gap between growth and development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write an antonym for 'आर्थिक विकास' in a full sentence.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'We must focus on rural economic development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Economic development should reach the last person.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a sentence about 'Foreign Investment'.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Infrastructure is the foundation of development.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'Is this real economic development?'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Translate: 'The pace of development is slow.'

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing

Write a short paragraph (3 sentences) about why you like development.

خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Economic Development' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'India is developing' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Education is important for development' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Sustainable development' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Inclusive growth' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Pronounce 'आर्थिक' correctly.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Pronounce 'विकास' correctly.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Describe one benefit of development in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Ask 'How is the economic development?' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Corruption is a problem' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'We need new policies' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Development of villages' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Pace of development' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Economic reforms' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Future of India' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Environmental balance' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Foreign investment' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Human development' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Say 'Economic condition' in Hindi.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking

Give a short speech (30 seconds) on development.

این را بلند بخوانید:

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen and identify the word: 'आर्थिक विकास'

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen to the sentence: 'भारत का आर्थिक विकास हो रहा है।' What is happening?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen for the gender: 'विकास अच्छा है।' Is it masc or fem?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'सतत विकास ज़रूरी है।' What kind of development?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'भ्रष्टाचार बाधा है।' What is the obstacle?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen for the number: 'विकास दर सात प्रतिशत है।' What is the rate?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'गाँवों का विकास।' Focus on whose development?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'आर्थिक सुधारों की ज़रूरत है।' What is needed?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'नई तकनीक से विकास होगा।' How will development happen?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'समावेशी विकास हमारा लक्ष्य है।' What is the goal?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'आर्थिक मंदी का दौर।' What period is it?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'पर्यावरण की रक्षा ज़रूरी है।' Is development mentioned?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'बजट में विकास पर ज़ोर।' Where is the emphasis?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'अंतिम व्यक्ति तक विकास।' Who is the target?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening

Listen: 'विकास की गति धीमी है।' How is the speed?

درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
درسته! نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:

/ 200 درست

نمره کامل!

برای تمرین رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

محتوای مرتبط

مفید بود؟

نظرات (0)

برای نظر دادن وارد شوید
هنوز نظری وجود ندارد. اولین نفری باشید که افکار خود را به اشتراک می‌گذارد!