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B1 noun #5,000 پرکاربردترین 12 دقیقه مطالعه

ほうき

houki
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها ほうき در ۳۰ ثانیه
توضیح ほうき in your Level:
An A1 learner can recognize and use very basic greetings and familiar everyday expressions. They can introduce themselves and others, and ask and answer simple questions about personal details. The word ほうき might be encountered in very simple contexts, perhaps in a picture book with labels, or in a basic vocabulary list related to household items. At this level, understanding its specific function might be secondary to simply recognizing it as an object used for cleaning.
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An A2 learner can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a direct exchange of information on familiar topics. They can describe in simple terms aspects of their background, immediate environment, and matters in areas of immediate need. For an A2 learner, ほうき would be part of vocabulary related to home and chores. They might learn to say "I use a ほうき to clean the floor" (私は床をほうきで掃除します - Watashi wa yuka o houki de souji shimasu). The focus is on basic functional use in simple sentences.
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A B1 learner can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. They can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. They can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. At the B1 level, ほうき is a word that can be used in more detailed descriptions of daily routines, the home environment, or even in discussions about traditional Japanese practices. Learners can form more complex sentences, perhaps contrasting ほうき with other cleaning tools or describing its use in different scenarios.
A B2 learner can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. They can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. At B2, ほうき might be encountered in more nuanced discussions, perhaps in articles about sustainable living, traditional crafts, or even in literary contexts where it might carry symbolic meaning. Learners can discuss the pros and cons of using ほうき versus modern cleaning methods, or use it in more descriptive narratives.
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A C1 learner can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognize implicit meaning. They can express themselves fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. They can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. In C1 contexts, ほうき could appear in essays on cultural practices, environmental discussions, or even in more abstract or metaphorical uses. Learners can analyze its cultural significance, discuss its historical evolution, or use it in sophisticated comparative arguments.
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A C2 learner can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. They can summarize information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. They can express themselves spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in more complex circumstances. At C2, ほうき might be part of highly specialized discourse, perhaps in academic studies of Japanese material culture, historical linguistics, or in very idiomatic or literary expressions where its cultural resonance is deeply explored. Learners can critically evaluate its role in society and culture.
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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

ほうき در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • ほうき (houki) means broom.
  • It's a cleaning tool with a handle and bristles.
  • Used for sweeping floors and surfaces.
  • Common in homes and for outdoor cleaning.
A ほうき (houki) is a common household tool used for cleaning floors by sweeping away dust, dirt, and debris. It typically consists of a long handle attached to a bundle of bristles or fibers. People use ほうき for everyday cleaning tasks, both indoors and outdoors. In traditional Japanese homes, a ほうき was an essential item for maintaining cleanliness. Even with the advent of vacuum cleaners, ほうき remain popular for quick clean-ups, sweeping patios, gardens, and even for artistic purposes like creating patterns in sand gardens (karesansui). The act of sweeping with a ほうき is often associated with tidiness, order, and a sense of calm. In some contexts, it can symbolize purification or the removal of bad luck, especially in Shinto rituals where a ほうき might be used to symbolically sweep away impurities. The versatility of the ほうき means it's found in homes, schools, temples, and public spaces where a quick sweep is needed. It's a simple yet effective tool that has been used for centuries, reflecting a cultural emphasis on cleanliness and order. The sound of sweeping, the rustling of the bristles against the floor, is a familiar and often comforting sound in many households. Sometimes, a smaller, more delicate ほうき made of softer materials might be used for dusting delicate surfaces or even for artistic endeavors like calligraphy or painting, though the primary association is with floor cleaning. The maintenance of a ほうき is also important; keeping the bristles clean and dry helps prolong its life and effectiveness. A well-maintained ほうき can last for many years, becoming a reliable part of a household's cleaning arsenal. The choice of ほうき can also vary; some are made with natural materials like straw or palm leaves, while others use synthetic fibers. Each type has its own advantages in terms of durability, absorbency, and suitability for different types of debris. The simple design of a ほうき belies its enduring utility and its significant role in maintaining clean living environments. It's a testament to how effective simple tools can be in addressing fundamental needs. The visual of someone sweeping with a ほうき often evokes a sense of tradition and domesticity. It’s a tool that connects us to generations past who relied on similar implements for their daily chores. The rhythmic motion of sweeping can be almost meditative, providing a moment of focused activity in a busy day. In Japan, the respect for tools and the care taken in their use is a cultural value, and a ほうき is no exception. It’s not just an object; it’s an instrument of cleanliness and order.
Related Concepts
Cleanliness and tidiness are highly valued in Japanese culture. The use of a ほうき is a direct manifestation of this value.
Everyday Use
You'll find ほうき in most Japanese homes, alongside modern cleaning appliances, for quick and efficient floor cleaning.
Outdoor Cleaning
Larger, sturdier ほうき are often used to sweep leaves, dirt, and debris from gardens, pathways, and entrances.
Symbolic Meaning
In some traditional practices, a ほうき can symbolize the sweeping away of bad luck or impurities.

This is a common ほうき. (これは一般的なほうきです。)

She used a ほうき to clean the dusty floor. (彼女は埃っぽい床を掃除するためにほうきを使いました。)

The garden was swept clean with a large ほうき. (庭は大きなほうきで綺麗に掃かれました。)

Understanding how to incorporate ほうき into sentences allows for more natural expression when discussing cleaning and household chores in Japanese. The word functions as a noun, and its usage often involves verbs related to cleaning, such as 掃く (hak u - to sweep), 掃除する (souji suru - to clean), or 使う (tsukau - to use). For example, to say "I will sweep the floor with a broom," you would say 「床をほうきで掃きます。」 (Yuka o houki de hakimasu.). Here, ほうき is the instrument, hence the particle で (de) is used. If you are describing the broom itself, you might say 「このほうきは使いやすいです。」 (Kono houki wa tsukai yasui desu.) meaning "This broom is easy to use." The particle は (wa) marks ほうき as the topic. When referring to multiple brooms, the pluralization is often implied by context rather than changing the word itself, though in some less common cases, one might see ほうきたち (houkitachi) which is more emphatic. A common pattern is also to describe the state of something being swept, such as 「廊下がほうきで綺麗になった。」 (Rouka ga houki de kirei ni natta.), meaning "The hallway became clean with a broom." This highlights the broom's role in the transformation. In a more descriptive sentence, you might say 「古いほうきが物置に置いてあります。」 (Furui houki ga mono’oki ni oite arimasu.), meaning "An old broom is placed in the storage room." Here, 古い (furui - old) modifies ほうき, and the sentence describes its location. When asking about cleaning, one might ask 「ほうきはどこにありますか？」 (Houki wa doko ni arimasu ka?), meaning "Where is the broom?" This is a practical question in any household setting. The word can also be used metaphorically, though less commonly, to suggest clearing away problems or unwanted things, much like sweeping away dirt. For instance, a leader might metaphorically use a ほうき to "sweep away corruption," though this is a more literary or figurative usage. In instructional contexts, such as cleaning guides, ほうき will be a central term. For example, 「ほうきとちりとりを使って床を掃除しましょう。」 (Houki to chiritori o tsukatte yuka o souji shimashou.) translates to "Let's clean the floor using a broom and dustpan." The conjunction と (to) connects ほうき and ちりとり (chiritori - dustpan). The simplicity of the word makes it easy to integrate into basic sentence structures, making it accessible for learners. Its practical nature ensures frequent use in daily conversations related to domestic life and maintenance. The particle usage with ほうき is standard for nouns indicating tools or instruments (で) or as a topic (は). This consistency aids in learning its grammatical function.
Instrumental Use
The particle で is used when ほうき is the tool for an action, like sweeping. Example: ほうきで掃く (houki de haku - to sweep with a broom).
Topic Marker
The particle は is used when ほうき is the subject or topic of the sentence. Example: このほうきは使いやすい (kono houki wa tsukai yasui - This broom is easy to use).
Describing the Broom
Adjectives can directly precede ほうき to describe its characteristics. Example: 新しいほうき (atarashii houki - a new broom).

Please lend me that ほうき. (そのほうきを貸してください。)

The children were playing with a ほうき. (子供たちはほうきで遊んでいました。)

You will frequently encounter the word ほうき (houki) in everyday Japanese conversations, particularly within the context of domestic life and cleaning. When people discuss household chores, tidying up, or maintaining their living spaces, ほうき is a natural part of the vocabulary. For instance, in a family setting, a parent might ask a child, 「部屋の隅にあるほうきで、床を掃いてくれる？」 (Heya no sumi ni aru houki de, yuka o haite kureru?) which translates to "Could you sweep the floor with the broom in the corner of the room?" This is a very common type of request. You might also hear it in stores selling household goods. A shop assistant might ask a customer, 「どのようなほうきをお探しですか？」 (Dono you na houki o osagashi desu ka?), meaning "What kind of broom are you looking for?" This highlights the variety of brooms available, from indoor to outdoor types. During spring cleaning seasons, discussions about tools like the ほうき become more prevalent. People might share tips on how to best use or maintain their ほうき. In more traditional settings, like temples or older houses, the presence and use of a ほうき are even more prominent. You might hear monks or caretakers referring to the specific ほうき used for cleaning the temple grounds. In educational contexts, especially when teaching children about household chores or Japanese culture, ほうき is a common vocabulary word. Children's books or lessons might feature illustrations and sentences using ほうき. Furthermore, in online forums or blogs discussing home organization and cleaning, ほうき will appear regularly. People might review different types of ほうき, share cleaning hacks involving them, or simply mention using one in their daily routine. The sound of sweeping itself, often associated with the use of a ほうき, can also be a topic of discussion, perhaps in the context of peaceful morning routines or the distinct sounds of a neighborhood. Even in anime or manga depicting everyday life, the visual and verbal presence of a ほうき is common, reinforcing its status as a familiar object. It’s a word deeply embedded in the practical realities of keeping a home clean and orderly in Japan.
Household Chores
Discussions about cleaning, tidying rooms, or maintaining the house.
Retail Environments
In hardware stores, home goods stores, or supermarkets when purchasing cleaning supplies.
Traditional Settings
Temples, shrines, traditional inns (ryokan), or older homes where manual cleaning methods are common.
Educational Materials
Children's books, language learning materials, or cultural lessons.
Media and Fiction
Anime, manga, and dramas depicting everyday life often feature cleaning scenes.

The sound of the ほうき on the porch was peaceful. (玄関のほうきの音が穏やかでした。)

When learning to use ほうき (houki), learners might make a few common mistakes, often related to grammar or context. One frequent error is misusing particles. For instance, saying 「ほうきを掃除する」 (houki o souji suru) instead of 「ほうきで掃除する」 (houki de souji suru). The former literally means "to clean the broom," while the latter correctly means "to clean with a broom." The particle で is crucial for indicating the instrument used for an action. Another mistake could be related to the concept of plurality. In English, we might say "brooms." In Japanese, the word ほうき usually remains singular even when referring to multiple brooms, unless specific emphasis is needed (e.g., ほうきがたくさんある - houki ga takusan aru - there are many brooms). Using a plural form like ほうきたち (houkitachi) is generally unnecessary and can sound unnatural in everyday speech for this particular word. Learners might also confuse ほうき with other cleaning tools or objects. For example, confusing it with a brush for clothes or hair, or even a mop. While all are cleaning implements, their functions and names are distinct. It's important to remember that ほうき specifically refers to a long-handled brush for sweeping floors or ground surfaces. Another potential pitfall is the pronunciation. While relatively straightforward, mispronouncing it could lead to misunderstanding. For example, if the 'o' sounds are not clear, or if the stress is placed incorrectly. However, this is less common than grammatical errors. Over-reliance on direct translation from English can also lead to awkward phrasing. For instance, trying to force an English sentence structure onto Japanese, which might not naturally include the word ほうき in the same way. It's best to learn common collocations and sentence patterns associated with ほうき. Finally, learners might forget to use the word in appropriate contexts. Using ほうき when referring to cleaning a delicate electronic device, for example, would be incorrect; a soft brush or cloth would be more suitable. Therefore, understanding the specific function and context of ほうき is key to avoiding these mistakes.
Particle Usage
Incorrectly using particles like を instead of で when indicating the broom as a tool for sweeping. Correct: ほうきで掃く (houki de haku). Incorrect: ほうきを掃く (houki o haku).
Pluralization
Attempting to pluralize ほうき unnecessarily. In most cases, context implies plurality. Avoid using awkward plural forms unless for specific emphasis.
Contextual Appropriateness
Using ほうき for tasks where it's not the appropriate tool, like cleaning delicate surfaces or mopping wet floors.
Confusing with Similar Tools
Mistaking ほうき for a mop (モップ - moppu) or a brush for other purposes.

I swept the floor with the broom. (床をほうきで掃きました。)

While ほうき (houki) is the standard term for a broom, understanding its nuances and related terms can enrich your vocabulary. The most direct alternative for cleaning floors, especially for wet messes or larger areas, is モップ (moppu), which is a mop. A mop is typically made of absorbent material like cotton strings or sponge, attached to a handle, and is used with water or cleaning solutions. It's important to distinguish between ほうき for dry sweeping and モップ for washing or mopping. Another related tool is ちりとり (chiritori), the dustpan, which is almost always used in conjunction with a ほうき. You sweep dirt into the ちりとり. Sometimes, for very fine dust or delicate surfaces, a small hand brush might be used, such as a ほうきぼう (houkibou), which is a smaller, hand-held brush, or simply ブラシ (burashi - brush). However, ほうき specifically implies the larger, long-handled tool for general sweeping. In modern contexts, the most significant alternative for cleaning floors is the 掃除機 (soujiki), the vacuum cleaner. While ほうき is manual and requires physical effort, 掃除機 offers convenience and power, especially for carpets. Yet, ほうき remains indispensable for quick clean-ups on hard floors, outdoor areas, and for tasks where a vacuum might be too cumbersome or ineffective. Comparing ほうき and 掃除機, the former is more eco-friendly and requires no electricity, making it a sustainable choice. The choice between them often depends on the type of mess, the surface, and personal preference. For instance, sweeping fallen leaves from a patio is best done with a sturdy outdoor ほうき, whereas cleaning dust from carpet is a job for the 掃除機. In some specialized contexts, you might find different types of ほうき designed for specific purposes. For example, a more rigid, bristled ほうき for rough outdoor surfaces versus a softer, finer ほうき for indoor use. Understanding these distinctions helps in choosing the right tool for the job and using the vocabulary accurately.
ほうき (Houki)
A broom; a long-handled brush for sweeping dry debris from floors or surfaces.
モップ (Moppu)
A mop; used for washing or wiping floors with water or cleaning solutions. Primarily for wet cleaning.
ちりとり (Chiritori)
A dustpan; used in conjunction with a broom to collect swept debris.
掃除機 (Soujiki)
A vacuum cleaner; an electric appliance for cleaning floors, especially carpets, by suction.
ブラシ (Burashi)
A general term for brush. Can refer to smaller hand brushes, scrubbing brushes, or even toothbrushes. Less commonly used for large floor brooms.

Sweep the dirt into the dustpan with the ほうき. (ちりとりにほうきでゴミを掃き入れてください。)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji 箒 itself visually represents a broom. The character 帚 (which is part of 箒) looks like a bundle of straw tied to a handle. This ancient depiction highlights the long history of this essential cleaning tool.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ˈhɔːki/
US /ˈhoʊki/
The stress is on the first syllable: HO-u-ki.
هم‌قافیه با
suki (好き - like) muki (向き - direction) teki (敵 - enemy) ki (木 - tree) iki (息 - breath) shuki (週記 - weekly diary) shiki (式 - ceremony) tsuki (月 - moon) kaki (柿 - persimmon)
خطاهای رایج
  • Pronouncing the 'o' sound too short.
  • Adding an extra vowel sound between 'ho' and 'u', making it sound like 'ho-u-ki' instead of 'houki'.
  • Not aspirating the 'h' sound clearly.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The word ほうき is a common noun. In written Japanese, it's usually accompanied by furigana (pronunciation guides) for learners, or the kanji 箒 is recognizable. Understanding its context in sentences is generally straightforward for B1 learners.

نوشتن 2/5
صحبت کردن 2/5
گوش دادن 2/5

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

掃除 (souji - cleaning) 床 (yuka - floor) dirt (汚れ - yogore) dust (ほこり - hokori) handle (柄 - e) brush (毛 - ke) use (使う - tsukau) sweep (掃く - haku)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

ちりとり (chiritori - dustpan) モップ (moppu - mop) 掃除機 (soujiki - vacuum cleaner) 道具 (dougu - tool) 家事 (kaji - housework)

پیشرفته

伝統 (dentou - tradition) 文化 (bunka - culture) 手入れ (teire - maintenance) 素材 (sozai - material) 環境 (kankyou - environment)

گرامر لازم

Using the particle で (de) to indicate the instrument of an action.

ほうきで床を掃きます。(I sweep the floor with a broom.)

Using the particle を (o) with transitive verbs like 使う (tsukau - to use) or 掃く (haku - to sweep).

ほうきを使います。(I use a broom.) / ほうきを掃きます。(I sweep the broom - this usually implies sweeping *with* it, but can be ambiguous without 'de'.)

Using the particle は (wa) or が (ga) to mark the topic or subject.

このほうきは軽いです。(This broom is light.) / ほうきが落ちました。(A broom fell.)

Using the particle と (to) for conjunction (and).

ほうきとちりとりを買いました。(I bought a broom and a dustpan.)

Using the particle の (no) for possession or modification.

ほうきの毛は長いです。(The broom's bristles are long.)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

これ は ほうき です。

This is a broom.

Basic identification of an object.

2

ほうき を ください。

Please give me the broom.

Simple request using the object.

3

ほうき は ここ。

The broom is here.

Indicating location.

4

ほうき は きれい。

The broom is clean.

Simple adjective description.

5

ほうき を つかいます。

I use a broom.

Simple action verb.

6

ほうき、ありがとう。

Broom, thank you.

Expressing gratitude for an object.

7

ほうき は どこ？

Where is the broom?

Asking for location.

8

ほうき、どうぞ。

Here is the broom.

Offering an object.

1

わたし は へや を ほうき で そうじします。

I clean the room with a broom.

Using 'de' for instrument.

2

この ほうき は おおきい です。

This broom is big.

Describing an object with an adjective.

3

ほうき を ちりとり に いれて ください。

Please put the dirt into the dustpan with the broom.

Combining broom and dustpan actions.

4

ほうき は かべ の そば に あります。

The broom is near the wall.

Indicating location with a preposition.

5

あした、そと を ほうき で はきます。

Tomorrow, I will sweep the outside with a broom.

Future tense and outdoor context.

6

ほうき が ほしい です。

I want a broom.

Expressing desire.

7

これは ちいさい ほうき です。

This is a small broom.

Describing size.

8

ほうき を つかって、ゆかを きれいに します。

Using the broom, I make the floor clean.

Result of using the tool.

1

毎朝、庭の落ち葉をほうきで掃くのが日課です。

Every morning, sweeping the fallen leaves in the garden with a broom is my daily routine.

Using 'no ga nicchou desu' for daily routine.

2

このほうきは天然素材で作られており、環境に優しいです。

This broom is made from natural materials and is environmentally friendly.

Describing material and environmental aspect.

3

掃除機よりも、ほうきの方が手軽に使える場面があります。

There are situations where a broom is more convenient to use than a vacuum cleaner.

Comparison with another tool.

4

古いほうきは処分して、新しいものを買おうと思っています。

I'm thinking of disposing of the old broom and buying a new one.

Expressing intention for replacement.

5

ほうきを立てかけておくと、場所を取りません。

If you lean the broom against something, it doesn't take up much space.

Practical usage tip.

6

昔の家では、ほうきとちりとりが掃除の必需品でした。

In old houses, brooms and dustpans were essential cleaning tools.

Historical context.

7

ほうきの毛先が傷まないように、水に濡らした後はよく乾かしてください。

To prevent the bristles of the broom from getting damaged, dry it thoroughly after wetting it.

Maintenance instructions.

8

来客があるので、玄関をほうきで綺麗に掃いておきましょう。

We have guests coming, so let's sweep the entrance clean with a broom.

Preparing for guests.

1

現代の都市生活では掃除機が主流ですが、日本の伝統的な家屋では今もほうきが重宝されています。

Although vacuum cleaners are mainstream in modern urban life, brooms are still valued in traditional Japanese homes.

Comparing modern and traditional tools.

2

ほうきは単なる掃除道具ではなく、日本の美意識や清潔さを重んじる文化を象徴するアイテムとも言えます。

A broom is not just a cleaning tool, but can also be said to be an item symbolizing Japanese aesthetics and a culture that values cleanliness.

Symbolic meaning and cultural significance.

3

ベランダの細かい砂埃も、この細いほうきを使えばきれいに掃き取ることができます。

Even the fine dust on the balcony can be swept away cleanly using this slender broom.

Specific application for fine debris.

4

ほうきの素材や形状によって、得意な掃除の仕方が異なります。

Depending on the material and shape of the broom, the type of cleaning it excels at differs.

Discussing variations and specializations.

5

子供たちに掃除の習慣を身につけさせるために、まずはほうきを使った基本的な掃き方を教えるのが効果的です。

To instill cleaning habits in children, it is effective to first teach them the basic sweeping methods using a broom.

Educational context and habit formation.

6

災害時には、電気に頼らないほうきのような道具が再び注目されることがあります。

In times of disaster, tools like brooms, which do not rely on electricity, may gain attention again.

Practicality in emergency situations.

7

手入れを怠ると、ほうきの毛が抜けたり、束が広がってしまったりします。

If maintenance is neglected, the broom's bristles may fall out, or the bundle may spread apart.

Consequences of poor maintenance.

8

禅寺では、庭園の砂紋をほうきで描くことで、瞑想的な時間を過ごすことがあります。

In Zen temples, by drawing patterns in the sand garden with a broom, monks may spend meditative time.

Artistic and spiritual application.

1

掃除機が普及した現代においても、ほうきが持つ簡便さと、床材への優しさは、特定の状況下で依然として代替不可能な価値を提供している。

Even in the present day when vacuum cleaners are widespread, the simplicity of a broom and its gentleness on flooring continue to offer irreplaceable value under certain circumstances.

Nuanced comparison and value proposition.

2

日本の伝統的な生活様式におけるほうきの位置づけは、単なる物理的な清掃具に留まらず、日々の暮らしにおける丁寧さや、自然との調和といった文化的価値観を内包している。

The positioning of the broom in traditional Japanese lifestyles extends beyond a mere physical cleaning tool, encompassing cultural values such as meticulousness in daily life and harmony with nature.

Cultural embedding and abstract values.

3

ほうきの素材や製造工程に関する研究は、持続可能な消費社会への移行を考える上で、古来からの知恵と現代技術の融合という観点から興味深い。

Research into the materials and manufacturing processes of brooms is interesting from the perspective of integrating ancient wisdom with modern technology, in considering the transition to a sustainable consumer society.

Interdisciplinary research and societal relevance.

4

現代のミニマリスト的なライフスタイルにおいて、電気を使わず、場所も取らないほうきは、その機能性と美学から再評価されている。

In the modern minimalist lifestyle, brooms, which do not use electricity and do not take up much space, are being re-evaluated for their functionality and aesthetics.

Re-evaluation in contemporary lifestyle trends.

5

庭師がほうきを用いて砂利の表面に描く模様は、単なる清掃行為を超え、空間に静謐さと秩序をもたらす芸術的表現と見なすことができる。

The patterns drawn by gardeners on the gravel surface using brooms can be considered artistic expressions that bring serenity and order to the space, beyond mere cleaning.

Artistic interpretation of a practical task.

6

ほうきの穂先が自然素材から作られている場合、その寿命は使用頻度だけでなく、保管環境や手入れの仕方によって大きく左右される。

When the bristles of a broom are made from natural materials, its lifespan is greatly influenced not only by frequency of use but also by storage environment and maintenance methods.

Factors affecting durability of natural materials.

7

都市部でのイベントや祭りの準備において、大量のゴミや落ち葉を効率的に処理するために、大型の業務用水ほうきが不可欠な役割を果たす。

In the preparation for events and festivals in urban areas, large commercial brooms play an indispensable role in efficiently handling large amounts of trash and fallen leaves.

Industrial and large-scale application.

8

ほうきという日常的な道具を通して、私たちは日本社会における清潔さへの潜在的なこだわりや、物事を整然と保とうとする精神性を垣間見ることができる。

Through the everyday tool of a broom, we can glimpse the underlying Japanese societal emphasis on cleanliness and the spirit of keeping things orderly.

Societal introspection through everyday objects.

1

ほうきにおける毛材の選定とその加工技術は、古代から伝承されてきた職人技の粋であり、現代の素材科学をもってしても容易に再現し難い、特異な機能性と耐久性を具現化している。

The selection of bristle materials and their processing techniques in brooms represent the pinnacle of craftsmanship passed down from ancient times, embodying unique functionality and durability that are difficult to replicate even with modern material science.

Highly technical and specialized discussion of craftsmanship and materials.

2

日本文化における「掃き清める」という行為は、単なる物理的な塵芥の除去に留まらず、精神的な浄化や、新たな始まりへの準備という深遠な象徴的意味合いを帯びており、ほうきの使用はその象徴的実践の一環と見なせる。

The act of 'sweeping clean' in Japanese culture transcends mere physical removal of dirt and debris, carrying profound symbolic meanings of spiritual purification and preparation for new beginnings, with the use of a broom being seen as part of this symbolic practice.

Deep symbolic and philosophical interpretation.

3

都市計画や景観デザインの文脈において、ほうきを用いた清掃は、機械的な効率性のみを追求するのではなく、地域社会の美観維持への住民参加を促し、共同体意識を醸成する触媒となり得る。

In the context of urban planning and landscape design, cleaning using brooms can act as a catalyst to encourage resident participation in maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the local community and foster a sense of togetherness, rather than solely pursuing mechanical efficiency.

Socio-urban planning and community building.

4

ほうきにまつわる民俗学的研究は、その形状、素材、使用法から、地域ごとの生活様式、資源の利用、さらには信仰や儀礼との関連性までを包括的に解明する手がかりを提供する。

Ethnological research related to brooms offers clues to comprehensively elucidate everything from their shape, materials, and usage, to regional lifestyles, resource utilization, and even connections with beliefs and rituals.

Comprehensive ethnological analysis.

5

現代のサステナビリティ論において、ほうきは、使い捨て文化へのアンチテーゼとして、その永続性、修理可能性、そして最終的な生分解性といった特質から、再注目されるべき道具である。

In contemporary sustainability discourse, the broom, as an antithesis to throwaway culture, is a tool that should be re-examined for its qualities such as longevity, repairability, and eventual biodegradability.

Critical discourse on sustainability and consumerism.

6

伝統工芸としてのほうき製造技術は、後継者不足や需要の変動といった課題に直面しつつも、その文化的遺産としての価値を維持するために、新たな解釈や応用が模索されている。

The broom-making techniques as traditional crafts, while facing challenges such as a shortage of successors and fluctuating demand, are exploring new interpretations and applications to maintain their value as cultural heritage.

Preservation of traditional crafts and future challenges.

7

ほうきが描く軌跡は、空間に一時的な秩序をもたらすだけでなく、その行為自体が、無秩序な現実からの逃避、あるいは自己の内面を整理するメタファーとして機能しうる。

The trajectory traced by a broom not only brings temporary order to a space, but the act itself can function as an escape from chaotic reality or a metaphor for organizing one's inner self.

Metaphorical and psychological interpretation.

8

学術的な視点からほうきを分析する際、その形態学的特徴、材質の物理的特性、そして社会文化的受容度を統合的に考察することで、道具と人間の相互作用に関する普遍的な知見が得られる。

When analyzing brooms from an academic perspective, by comprehensively considering their morphological characteristics, the physical properties of their materials, and their socio-cultural acceptance, universal insights into the interaction between tools and humans can be gained.

Multidisciplinary academic analysis.

ترکیب‌های رایج

ほうきで掃く (houki de haku)
ほうきを使う (houki o tsukau)
ほうきをかける (houki o kakeru)
ほうきで掃除する (houki de souji suru)
ほうきをしまう (houki o shimau)
ほうきを立てかける (houki o tatekakeru)
新しいほうき (atarashii houki)
古いほうき (furui houki)
ほうきとちりとり (houki to chiritori)
ほうきの毛 (houki no ke)

عبارات رایج

ほうきで掃いてください。

— Please sweep with a broom.

床が汚れているので、ほうきで掃いてください。(The floor is dirty, so please sweep it with a broom.)

ほうきはどこにありますか？

— Where is the broom?

掃除を始めたいのですが、ほうきはどこにありますか？(I want to start cleaning, but where is the broom?)

ほうきで掃除する。

— To clean with a broom.

毎日の習慣として、ほうきで掃除をしています。(As a daily habit, I clean with a broom.)

このほうきは使いやすいです。

— This broom is easy to use.

このほうきは軽くて、このほうきは使いやすいです。(This broom is light and easy to use.)

ほうきとちりとりをください。

— Please give me a broom and dustpan.

お店で、ほうきとちりとりをください。(In the store, please give me a broom and dustpan.)

ほうきの手入れ

— Broom maintenance.

ほうきの手入れをしっかりすれば、長持ちします。(If you take good care of the broom, it will last a long time.)

ほうきでゴミを集める。

— To gather trash with a broom.

ほうきでゴミを集めて、ちりとりに入れました。(I gathered the trash with the broom and put it in the dustpan.)

ほうきが壊れた。

— The broom broke.

長年使っていたほうきが壊れてしまいました。(The broom I had been using for many years broke.)

ほうきの毛が抜ける。

— The broom's bristles are falling out.

このほうきは古くて、ほうきの毛が抜けてしまいます。(This broom is old, and its bristles are falling out.)

ほうきで床をきれいに

— Clean the floor with a broom.

ほうきで床をきれいに掃きましょう。(Let's sweep the floor clean with a broom.)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

ほうき vs モップ (moppu)

モップ is a mop, used for wet cleaning, while ほうき is a broom for dry sweeping.

ほうき vs ブラシ (burashi)

ブラシ is a general term for brush. ほうき is a specific type of brush for sweeping floors.

ほうき vs ちりとり (chiritori)

ちりとり is a dustpan, used in conjunction with a broom, but not a broom itself.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"ほうき星 (houkiboshi)"

— A shooting star (literally 'broom star'). The long tail of a shooting star resembles a broom being swept across the sky.

夜空にほうき星が流れていくのを見た。(I saw a shooting star streak across the night sky.)

Poetic, Observational
"ほうきで払う (houki de harau)"

— To sweep away; to get rid of (problems, bad luck, etc.). Metaphorically, to clear something out.

古い考え方をほうきで払う必要がある。(It is necessary to sweep away old ways of thinking.)

Figurative, Metaphorical
"ほうきを立てる (houki o tateru)"

— A superstition that if you stand a broom upright, it will bring in bad luck or ghosts. Conversely, leaning it against a wall is considered good luck.

寝る前にほうきを立てておくのは縁起が悪いと言われている。(It is said to be bad luck to stand a broom upright before sleeping.)

Superstition, Folk Belief
"ほうきのように掃く (houki no you ni haku)"

— To sweep thoroughly or completely, as if using a broom to clear everything away. Can sometimes imply a forceful or decisive action.

彼は問題点をほうきのように掃き出して、解決策を提示した。(He swept away the problems like a broom and presented solutions.)

Descriptive, Emphatic
"ほうきの先 (houki no saki)"

— The tip or bristles of a broom. Can be used literally or metaphorically to refer to the forefront or the most vulnerable part of something.

その政策のほうきの先は、まだ曖昧だ。(The tip of that policy is still vague.)

Literal and Figurative
"ほうきの先でなでる (houki no saki de naderu)"

— To lightly brush or touch with the tip of a broom. Can imply a very gentle or superficial cleaning or interaction.

彼女の髪がほうきの先でそっと触れた。(Her hair lightly touched me as if with the tip of a broom.)

Gentle, Delicate
"ほうきの柄 (houki no e)"

— The handle of a broom. Can refer to the physical handle or, metaphorically, the main support or structure of something.

このプロジェクトのほうきの柄はしっかりしている。(The handle of this project is solid.)

Literal and Figurative
"ほうきを担ぐ (houki o katsugu)"

— Literally, to carry a broom on one's shoulder. Can metaphorically mean to take on a cleaning or organizing task, or to be burdened with chores.

彼はいつも家の掃除のほうきを担いでいる。(He always carries the burden of cleaning the house.)

Metaphorical, Burden
"ほうきで舞い上がる (houki de maiagaru)"

— To be stirred up or scattered by a broom. Can refer to dust or debris being kicked up, or metaphorically to minor disturbances or gossip being spread.

些細なことでほうきで舞い上がるような騒ぎになった。(It became a fuss, as if dust was kicked up by a broom, over a trivial matter.)

Descriptive, Figurative
"ほうきまみれ (houkimamire)"

— Covered in dust or dirt from sweeping, or metaphorically, deeply involved in messy or tedious work.

一日中掃除をして、ほうきまみれになった。(I cleaned all day and became covered in dust.)

Descriptive, Immersive

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

ほうき vs モップ (moppu)

Both are cleaning tools with handles used on floors.

ほうき is for dry sweeping, typically of dust and debris. モップ is for wet cleaning, using water or cleaning solutions to wash or wipe the floor. They have different materials and primary functions.

床が濡れているときはモップを使い、乾いているときはほうきを使います。(When the floor is wet, use a mop, and when it's dry, use a broom.)

ほうき vs ブラシ (burashi)

Both have bristles and are used for cleaning.

ほうき specifically refers to a long-handled broom for sweeping floors or large areas. ブラシ is a more general term that can refer to hand brushes, scrubbing brushes, toothbrushes, etc. A ほうき is a type of brush, but not all brushes are ほうき.

この小さいブラシは机の上を掃除するのに便利ですが、床はほうきで掃きます。(This small brush is convenient for cleaning the desk, but I sweep the floor with a broom.)

ほうき vs ちりとり (chiritori)

It's always used alongside a ほうき for cleaning.

ほうき is the tool used to sweep dirt, while ちりとり is the tool used to collect the swept dirt. They are complementary but distinct tools.

ほうきでゴミを掃き集めて、ちりとりに入れましょう。(Let's sweep the trash together with the broom and put it into the dustpan.)

ほうき vs 掃除機 (soujiki)

Both are used for cleaning floors.

ほうき is a manual, non-electric tool for sweeping. 掃除機 is an electric appliance that uses suction to clean. ほうき is good for quick sweeps and hard surfaces, while 掃除機 is often more powerful and effective for carpets and deeper cleaning.

カーペットは掃除機で、フローリングはほうきで掃除するのが好きです。(I like cleaning carpets with a vacuum cleaner and wooden floors with a broom.)

ほうき vs ほうきぼう (houkibou)

It's a smaller version of a broom.

ほうき is the standard, full-sized broom. ほうきぼう is a small, hand-held broom, often used for dusting tables or quick cleanups of small spills. It lacks the long handle of a typical ほうき.

机の上のパンくずは、ほうきぼうで集めると便利です。(It's convenient to collect bread crumbs on the desk with a small hand broom.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

A1

Noun + は + Noun + です。

ほうき<strong>は</strong>掃除道具<strong>です</strong>。(A broom <strong>is</strong> a cleaning tool.)

A2

Noun + で + Verb.

ほうき<strong>で</strong>床を掃きます。(I sweep the floor <strong>with</strong> a broom.)

A2

Noun + は + Adjective + です。

このほうき<strong>は</strong>使いやすい<strong>です</strong>。(This broom <strong>is</strong> easy to use.)

B1

Noun + の + Noun + を + Verb.

ほうき<strong>の</strong>毛<strong>を</strong>きれいにします。(I clean the broom's bristles.)

B1

Noun + を + Verb + ために + Verb.

床をきれいにする<strong>ために</strong>ほうきを使います。(I use a broom <strong>in order to</strong> clean the floor.)

B1

Noun + と + Noun + を + Verb.

ほうき<strong>と</strong>ちりとり<strong>を</strong>使って掃除します。(I clean using a broom <strong>and</strong> a dustpan.)

B2

Noun + は + Noun + よりも + Adjective.

掃除機<strong>は</strong>ほうき<strong>よりも</strong>便利です。(A vacuum cleaner <strong>is</strong> more convenient <strong>than</strong> a broom.)

B2

Noun + は + Noun + に + Adjective.

ほうき<strong>は</strong>床<strong>に</strong>優しいです。(A broom <strong>is</strong> gentle <strong>on</strong> the floor.)

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

ほうき (houki - broom)
掃除 (souji - cleaning)
ちりとり (chiritori - dustpan)

فعل‌ها

掃く (haku - to sweep)
掃除する (souji suru - to clean)
かける (kakeru - to sweep, to apply)

صفت‌ها

きれいな (kirei na - clean, pretty)
汚い (kitanai - dirty)
古い (furui - old)
新しい (atarashii - new)

مرتبط

ほうき星 (houkiboshi - shooting star)
ほうきぼう (houkibou - hand broom)
掃き掃除 (hakisouji - sweeping and cleaning)
掃除機 (soujiki - vacuum cleaner)
モップ (moppu - mop)
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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in contexts related to household chores and cleaning.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'ほうきを掃除する' (houki o souji suru). → ほうきで掃除する (houki de souji suru).

    The first phrase incorrectly implies cleaning the broom itself. The particle 'で' is essential to indicate that the broom is the instrument used for cleaning.

  • Pluralizing ほうき unnecessarily, like 'ほうきたち'. → The word ほうき is usually used in its singular form, even when referring to multiple brooms. Plural markers are often unnecessary and can sound unnatural.
  • Confusing ほうき with モップ. → ほうき for dry sweeping, モップ for wet cleaning.

    ほうき is for sweeping dust and debris, while モップ is for washing floors with water or cleaning solutions. They have different functions and materials.

  • Using ほうき for tasks requiring a specific brush, like scrubbing pots. → Use a たわし (tawashi) or other appropriate scrubbing brush.

    ほうき is designed for sweeping loose particles from flat surfaces, not for scrubbing or cleaning intricate items like pots.

  • Pronouncing the 'o' sound in ほうき too short. → Pronounce the 'o' sound as long, like 'hooo-ki'.

    The long 'o' sound is crucial for correct pronunciation. A short 'o' can change the word or make it sound unnatural.

نکات

Mastering the 'O' Sound

The 'o' in ほうき is a long sound, like in the English word 'hope'. Practice saying 'hooo-ki' to get the pronunciation right. Avoid a short 'o' sound.

The Crucial Particle 'で'

When ほうき is the tool you are using to perform an action, like sweeping, always use the particle で after it. For example, 'ほうきで掃く' (to sweep with a broom).

Visual Association Power

Picture a traditional Japanese room with a neatly placed ほうき. This visual can help you recall the word and its association with cleanliness and order.

Broom vs. Mop

Remember that ほうき is for dry sweeping, while モップ (moppu) is for wet cleaning. They are distinct tools for different cleaning tasks.

Cultural Significance

Understand that in Japan, ほうき represents not just cleaning but also order, tradition, and respect for one's living space. This deeper meaning can enhance your appreciation of the word.

Active Recall

Try to use ほうき in your own sentences as often as possible. Write them down, say them aloud, and test yourself regularly to solidify the vocabulary.

Learn Companions

When you learn ほうき, also learn its partner, ちりとり (chiritori - dustpan), and other related cleaning tools like モップ and 掃除機 (soujiki - vacuum cleaner).

Kanji Clues

The kanji 箒 visually depicts a broom, with elements suggesting bristles and a handle. Understanding kanji can offer mnemonic clues.

Real-World Use

When you see or use a broom in real life, mentally (or even verbally) label it as 'ほうき'. This active labeling reinforces the connection.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a 'HO'use needing a 'U'rgent 'KI'ckstart to cleaning. You grab a broom (ほうき) to get the job done quickly! The 'HO-U-KI' sounds like the beginning of the word, and the image of a broom cleaning a house helps associate it.

تداعی تصویری

Picture a traditional Japanese home with tatami mats. A neatly placed ほうき stands in the corner, ready for use. Visualize the gentle sweeping motion across the floor, clearing away the day's dust. The long handle and bristly head are prominent features.

شبکه واژگان

Cleaning Household Tool Sweeping Floor Dirt Dust Handle Bristles Outdoor Garden Home Chore Tidy Order Traditional Essential Simple

چالش

Find a picture of a broom and write three sentences in Japanese about it, using the word ほうき. For example: 'これはほうきです。', 'ほうきで床を掃除します。', 'ほうきは便利です。'

ریشه کلمه

The word ほうき (houki) is believed to have originated from the act of sweeping itself. The character 箒 (the kanji for houki) is composed of ⺨ (a radical related to hair or feathers, suggesting bristles) and 帚 (which originally depicted a broom made of straw or reeds). The pronunciation 'houki' is the native Japanese reading (kun'yomi) of this compound character.

معنای اصلی: The original meaning was simply 'broom', referring to a tool for sweeping.

Japonic (Japanese)

بافت فرهنگی

There are no particular sensitivities associated with the word ほうき itself. It is a common, everyday object.

While the English word 'broom' is straightforward, its cultural weight in Japan is perhaps greater, often implying a connection to tradition, meticulousness, and a certain aesthetic of cleanliness.

The idiom 'ほうき星' (houkiboshi), meaning shooting star, directly links the visual of a broom's tail to a celestial phenomenon. In traditional Japanese art and literature, depictions of daily life often include the ほうき, symbolizing domesticity and the maintenance of order. Some Shinto purification rituals may involve the symbolic use of a broom or brush to sweep away impurities.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Discussing household chores and cleaning routines.

  • ほうきで床を掃きます。
  • 掃除道具は何がありますか？
  • ほうきの使い方が知りたいです。

Shopping for cleaning supplies.

  • ほうきを探しています。
  • このほうきはいくらですか？
  • 庭用のほうきはありますか？

Describing the home environment and its upkeep.

  • 玄関をほうきで綺麗にしました。
  • ほうきを片付けてください。
  • ほうきは物置にあります。

Talking about traditional Japanese life or objects.

  • 昔の家ではほうきが必需品でした。
  • ほうきは日本の文化を表す道具の一つです。
  • ほうき星という言葉を聞いたことがありますか？

Giving or receiving instructions for cleaning.

  • ほうきでゴミを集めてください。
  • ほうきの使い方を教えてください。
  • この部分はほうきで掃かないでください。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"What kind of cleaning tools do you usually use at home?"

"Do you prefer using a broom or a vacuum cleaner? Why?"

"What's your daily cleaning routine like?"

"Are there any special cleaning tools used in your country that might be interesting?"

"What do you think about the idea of 'cleaning as meditation'?"

موضوعات نگارش

Describe your ideal cleaning routine. What tools do you use, and what is the overall feeling you aim for?

Think about a time you had to clean a particularly messy space. What challenges did you face, and what tools did you use?

Reflect on the concept of 'order' in your life. How important is it to you, and what role do tools like a broom play in maintaining it?

Imagine you are introducing the concept of a 'broom' to someone from an alien civilization. How would you explain its purpose and importance?

What is your relationship with cleaning? Do you find it a chore, a form of therapy, or something else entirely? Explain your perspective.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

ほうき (houki) means 'broom' in Japanese. It is a tool with a long handle and bristles used for sweeping floors and other surfaces.

You can use it as the subject or object, or as an instrument with the particle 'で'. For example, 'ほうきで床を掃きます' (I sweep the floor with a broom).

Yes, ほうき is still very commonly used in Japan, especially for cleaning hard floors, outdoor areas, and for quick clean-ups. It's valued for its simplicity and effectiveness.

ほうき is a broom used for dry sweeping, while モップ is a mop used for wet cleaning floors with water or solutions.

Yes, there are. Some are made with natural materials like straw or palm, while others use synthetic fibers. They also vary in size and stiffness depending on their intended use (indoor vs. outdoor).

It's pronounced 'HO-u-ki'. The stress is on the first syllable 'HO', and the 'o' sound is long, similar to 'oh'.

ほうきぼう (houkibou) is a small, hand-held broom, different from the standard long-handled ほうき.

Yes, in some contexts, the act of sweeping with a ほうき can symbolize purification or the removal of bad luck. The term 'ほうき星' (shooting star) also relates to the visual of a broom.

The kanji for ほうき is 箒.

You might use a ほうき for quick spills, cleaning outdoor areas like patios, sweeping hard floors where a vacuum might be too noisy or cumbersome, or when you want to avoid using electricity.

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