When something is done in a dirty way, you can use 汚く (kitanaku).
For example, if someone writes messy, you can say they write 汚く.
It describes how an action is performed, emphasizing the lack of cleanliness or neatness.
Think of it as the adverb form of "dirty."
When something is done in a dirty way, or an action results in something being dirty, we use 汚く (kitanaku). It's an adverb, which means it describes how a verb is performed. Think of it like adding "-ly" to an adjective in English, such as "quick" becoming "quickly."
So, if you want to say someone writes dirtily, you would use 汚く (kitanaku) with the verb for "to write." It implies the action itself has a quality of being dirty or messy.
When something is done in a dirty manner, or appears dirty, you can use the adverb 汚く (kitanaku). This word is formed from the i-adjective 汚い (kitanai), which means "dirty" or "unclean."
To change an i-adjective into an adverb, you replace the final -い (i) with -く (ku). So, 汚い (kitanai) becomes 汚く (kitanaku).
You'll often hear this used to describe actions, like eating messily, or to describe something that has become dirty. It's a practical word for everyday situations when you need to express that something is not clean or is being done in an untidy way.
When we want to describe an action as being performed in a 'dirty' way, we use the adverb 汚く (kitanaku). This word is formed from the i-adjective 汚い (kitanai), meaning 'dirty'. To change an i-adjective into an adverb, you simply replace the final -い (-i) with -く (-ku).
For example, if someone eats in a messy way, you could say 汚く食べる (kitanaku taberu), meaning 'to eat dirtily'. It's a straightforward grammatical transformation that's very common with i-adjectives.
When we talk about something being done in a dirty manner, or something appearing dirty, we use the adverb 汚く (kitanaku). It comes from the adjective 汚い (kitanai), meaning 'dirty'.
You can use 汚く to describe actions, like 'eating messily' (汚く食べる - kitanaku taberu), or to describe the state of something, such as 'the room became dirty' (部屋が汚くなった - heya ga kitanaku natta). It emphasizes the 'dirtiness' of the action or state.
Let's break down 汚く (kitanaku). This word is an adverb, and it means 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty manner.' Think of it as describing how an action is performed, specifically an action that results in something being dirty, or an action that is done in a messy or unkempt way.
DEFINITION
Dirtily; in a dirty manner.
You'll often hear or read 汚く when someone is talking about a place that's not clean, or an action that makes something unclean. It can also describe the way someone eats, writes, or even lives if it's done in a messy or untidy fashion.
Consider these common situations where 汚く is used:
Describing how someone eats: If someone makes a mess while eating, you might say they eat 汚く.
Describing how someone writes: If someone's handwriting is illegible or messy, you could say they write 汚く.
Describing how someone lives: If someone's room or living space is constantly untidy, you might describe them as living 汚く.
Describing how something is cleaned (or not cleaned): If something is cleaned poorly, leaving it still dirty, you could use 汚く to describe the cleaning process.
Let's look at some examples to get a better feel for it:
彼は部屋を汚く使っている。
HINT
He uses his room dirtily. / He keeps his room messy.
子どもはご飯を汚く食べる。
HINT
The child eats messily. / The child eats in a dirty manner.
彼女は字を汚く書く。
HINT
She writes her characters (handwriting) messily.
Understanding the nuance is key. It's not just about something being dirty from external factors, but often about an action or a way of being that leads to a state of untidiness or uncleanness. For instance, if you're talking about someone dropping food on the floor and making a mess, 汚く食べる (kitanaku taberu - to eat dirtily) fits perfectly.
Another important point is to distinguish 汚く from other words that might seem similar. For example, if you want to say something *is* dirty, you would use the adjective 汚い (kitanai). 汚く is for describing *how* an action is done. It modifies the verb that follows it.
Practice using 汚く with various verbs to get comfortable with its usage. Pay attention to how it changes the meaning of the action. This will help you incorporate it naturally into your Japanese conversations.
§ What 汚く (kitanaku) means
Definition
Dirtily; in a dirty manner. This is the adverbial form of the i-adjective 汚い (kitanai), meaning "dirty" or "unclean."
§ How to use 汚く (kitanaku) in a sentence
The word 汚く (kitanaku) is an adverb. This means its main job is to describe a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Think of it like adding "-ly" to an adjective in English to make it an adverb (e.g., dirty → dirtily).
When you see 汚く (kitanaku), it's telling you *how* an action is performed. It's often used with verbs that involve making something dirty or being dirty in action. Here are some common ways you'll encounter it:
Describing how something is done in a dirty way.
Describing the state of something becoming dirty.
Let's break down some examples:
彼は部屋を汚くしたまま出かけた。
Hint
He went out, leaving his room dirty.
In this example, 汚く (kitanaku) describes the state in which he left the room. It modifies the verb しました (shimashita - did/made) implicitly, meaning he *made* it dirty and left it that way.
子供たちは公園で汚く遊んだ。
Hint
The children played dirtily/got dirty playing in the park.
Here, 汚く (kitanaku) directly modifies the verb 遊んだ (asonda - played), indicating that their playing resulted in them getting dirty or they played in a messy way.
このTシャツは汚くなったから、捨てよう。
Hint
This T-shirt has become dirty, so let's throw it away.
In this sentence, 汚く (kitanaku) combines with なった (natta - became) to express the idea of something becoming dirty. This is a very common pattern with adverbs derived from i-adjectives.
You might also see 汚く (kitanaku) used to describe writing or drawing that is messy or illegible. For instance:
彼の字は汚くて読みにくい。
Hint
His handwriting is dirty/messy and hard to read.
Here, 汚く (kitanaku) describes the handwriting (字 - ji) and how it is hard to read (読みにくい - yominikui). It functions similarly to an adjective here, but because it's in the adverbial form, it connects smoothly to the following adjective/descriptive phrase.
§ Common phrases with 汚く (kitanaku)
汚くする (kitanaku suru): To make something dirty. (e.g., 部屋を汚くする - heya o kitanaku suru - to make the room dirty)
汚くなる (kitanaku naru): To become dirty. (e.g., 服が汚くなる - fuku ga kitanaku naru - clothes become dirty)
Understanding 汚く (kitanaku) is key to describing states of messiness and actions that lead to them. Pay attention to the verb it modifies to grasp the full meaning in context.
Alright, let's talk about the Japanese word 汚く (kitanaku). This is an adverb, and it means 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty manner'. Think of it as describing how something is done or how something appears, specifically with dirtiness or messiness.
Japanese Word
汚く (kitanaku)
CEFR Level
B1
Part of Speech
Adverb
Definition
Dirtily; in a dirty manner.
It's pretty straightforward, but knowing how and where it's used makes all the difference. Let's look at some common situations where you'll hear 汚く.
§ Where you actually hear this word — work, school, news
You'll encounter 汚く in various everyday conversations, often when someone is talking about things not being clean or done properly. It's a very practical word for describing situations.
Here are some common scenarios:
At Home or with Friends: This is probably the most frequent place. You might hear it when someone is complaining about a messy room, dirty dishes, or clothes left around.
彼の部屋はいつも汚くて、どこに座ればいいか分からない。
His room is always dirty, and I don't know where to sit.
子供たちは公園で遊んだ後、服を汚くした。
The children got their clothes dirty after playing in the park.
At School: Teachers or students might use it to describe a messy classroom, dirty textbooks, or someone's handwriting.
彼の字は汚くて読みにくい。
His handwriting is messy and hard to read.
教室を汚くしないでください。
Please don't make the classroom dirty.
At Work: In a work environment, it could refer to a messy desk, a dirty workspace, or even a report that's poorly organized and difficult to understand. In this context, it often implies a lack of care or professionalism.
彼のデスクはいつも汚くて、必要な書類が見つからない。
His desk is always messy, and he can't find the necessary documents.
In News/Public Discourse: While less common for literal dirt, 汚く can sometimes be used metaphorically in news or public discourse to describe unethical or corrupt behavior, implying a 'dirty' or 'unclean' way of doing things. However, for a B1 learner, focusing on the literal meaning is more important initially.
彼は汚く稼いだお金で家を買った。
He bought a house with money earned dirtily (through corrupt means).
So, whether you're describing a child's muddy clothes, a colleague's cluttered desk, or even discussing a metaphorical 'dirty' action, 汚く is the word you'll use to express that something is done or appears in a dirty or messy manner.
§ Don't confuse it with dirty adjectives
One of the most frequent mistakes English speakers make with 汚く (kitanaku) is using it where they should use the adjective 汚い (kitanai). Remember, 汚く is an adverb. It describes how an action is performed, or it modifies a verb or another adjective. 汚い is an adjective, meaning 'dirty' or 'unclean'. It describes a noun.
Think of it this way: if you want to say 'The room is dirty,' you'd use 汚い. If you want to say 'He cleans dirtily,' you'd use 汚く. While that specific adverbial usage might sound a bit odd in English, the distinction is crucial in Japanese.
Correct usage for 'dirty room'
部屋が汚いです。(Heya ga kitanai desu.)
Here, 汚い directly modifies 部屋 (heya - room). You are describing the state of the room.
Incorrect usage example
部屋が汚くです。(Heya ga kitanaku desu.)
This is grammatically incorrect. You wouldn't use an adverb to describe a noun like this.
§ Using 汚く with する (suru) verbs
Another common pitfall is misunderstanding how 汚く pairs with verbs, especially the versatile する (suru) verb. When 汚く is used with verbs like する, it often implies making something dirty or doing something in a dirty way. It doesn't mean 'to be dirty' itself.
子供たちは部屋を汚くした。(Kodomotachi wa heya o kitanaku shita.)
Hint: The children made the room dirty.
Here, 汚くした (kitanaku shita) means 'made dirty'. It's not 'the room was dirty' but 'they did dirty to the room'. The adverb is modifying the action of 'doing'.
§ Misinterpreting the nuance of 'in a dirty manner'While 'dirtily' is the direct translation, 汚く can sometimes carry a nuance beyond physical dirt. It can imply sloppiness, untidiness, or even morally 'dirty' actions, although this is less common for CEFR B1 learners and usually clearer from context.
If someone says, '彼は汚く食べる。' (Kare wa kitanaku taberu.), it means 'He eats messily/sloppily,' not necessarily that his food is covered in literal dirt.
If you hear, 'そんな汚く話さないでください。' (Sonna kitanaku hanasanaide kudasai.), it might imply 'Please don't speak so crudely/rudely/with foul language,' depending on the context, rather than speaking with a literally dirty mouth.
§ Overusing it in place of other adverbsWhile 汚く is useful, sometimes learners try to force it into sentences where other adverbs would be more natural or precise. For example, if you want to say something is 'messily written,' while 汚く書く (kitanaku kaku) is acceptable, 乱雑に書く (ranzatsu ni kaku - to write sloppily/in a disorderly manner) or 雑に書く (zatsu ni kaku - to write roughly/carelessly) might be more nuanced depending on the exact type of 'messiness' you want to convey.
彼の字は汚くて読みにくい。(Kare no ji wa kitanakute yominikui.)
Hint: His handwriting is dirty/messy and hard to read.
This usage is perfectly fine, but just be aware that Japanese has a rich vocabulary of adverbs, and sometimes a more specific one might fit better. Don't limit yourself to just 汚く when describing various forms of 'dirtiness' or 'messiness' in an adverbial way.
چقدر رسمی است؟
رسمی
"不潔にしないでください。(fuketsu ni shinaide kudasai.) - Please do not make a mess."
خنثی
"部屋を汚くしないでね。(heya o kitanaku shinaide ne.) - Don't make the room dirty, okay?"
غیر رسمی
"きたなくするとママがおこるよ。(kitanaku suru to mama ga okoru yo.) - If you make it dirty, Mom will get angry."
Child friendly
"おててばっちくしちゃった。(otete bacchiku shichatta.) - I made my hands dirty."
عامیانه
"部屋ごちゃごちゃだよ。(heya gochagocha da yo.) - Your room's a mess."
نکته جالب
Like many Japanese i-adjectives, '汚い' transforms into an adverb by changing the final 'い' to 'く'. This 'ku' form directly modifies verbs.
سطح دشواری
خواندن1/5
short
نوشتن1/5
short
صحبت کردن1/5
short
گوش دادن1/5
short
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
汚い (kitanai - dirty, adjective)〜く (〜ku - adverbial form ending)
بعداً یاد بگیرید
綺麗に (kirei ni - cleanly, beautifully)上手に (jouzu ni - skillfully, well)
پیشرفته
乱雑に (ranzatsu ni - disorderly, messy)不潔に (fuketsu ni - unhygienically)
گرامر لازم
い-adjectives (like 汚い - kitanai, dirty) can be converted to adverbs by changing the final い to く (ku).
汚い部屋 (kitanai heya - dirty room) -> 汚くする (kitanaku suru - to make dirty)
This form directly modifies verbs, describing how an action is performed.
彼は汚く食べた (Kare wa kitanaku tabeta - He ate dirtily.)
It can also modify other adverbs or adjectives, intensifying their meaning, though this is less common with 汚く.
あまり汚くない (Amari kitanaku nai - Not very dirty.)
The adverbial form 汚く is often followed by verbs like する (suru - to do/make) or 見える (mieru - to look/seem).
部屋を汚くした (Heya o kitanaku shita - I made the room dirty.)
When expressing a negative state, 汚くない (kitanaku nai - not dirty) is used, where 汚く is the adverbial stem followed by the negative auxiliary ない (nai).
この服は汚くない (Kono fuku wa kitanaku nai - These clothes are not dirty.)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
1
部屋をきれいにしてください。汚くしないで。
Please clean the room. Don't make it dirty.
2
彼はご飯を汚く食べます。
He eats his meal messily.
3
手が汚くなりました。
My hands got dirty.
4
子供が公園で汚く遊びました。
The child played dirtily in the park.
5
服が汚くなっても、気にしません。
Even if my clothes get dirty, I don't mind.
6
猫が家の中を汚くしました。
The cat made the house dirty.
7
字を汚く書かないでください。
Please don't write characters messily.
8
彼の部屋はいつも汚いです。
His room is always dirty.
1
部屋を汚くしました。
I made the room dirty.
2
彼は汚く書きます。
He writes messily.
3
猫が汚く食べます。
The cat eats messily.
4
子供は手を汚くしました。
The child got their hands dirty.
5
汚くすると、お母さんに怒られますよ。
If you make it dirty, Mom will get angry.
6
机の上が汚くなっています。
The top of the desk has become dirty.
7
汚く使わないでください。
Please don't use it in a dirty way.
8
彼の部屋はいつも汚くしています。
His room is always kept dirty.
1
汚くしないでください。
Please don't make it dirty.
2
彼は部屋を汚く使った。
He used the room in a dirty way.
3
汚く食べるのはやめましょう。
Let's stop eating messily.
4
子供は公園で服を汚くした。
The child got their clothes dirty in the park.
5
汚く書いた字は読みにくい。
Letters written messily are hard to read.
6
この机は汚く使われている。
This desk is being used dirtily.
7
彼はいつも物を汚く扱う。
He always handles things messily.
8
汚くしてしまってごめんなさい。
I'm sorry for making it dirty.
1
彼は部屋を汚く使ったので、母親に叱られました。
He used the room dirtily, so his mother scolded him.
2
鉛筆の芯が折れて、ノートが汚くなってしまった。
The pencil lead broke, and the notebook became dirty.
3
子供たちは公園で泥だらけになって汚く遊んでいた。
The children were playing dirtily in the park, covered in mud.
4
彼女はいつも服を汚くするので、洗濯が大変です。
She always gets her clothes dirty, so laundry is tough.
5
テーブルの上が汚くなっていたので、拭いておいた。
The table was dirty, so I wiped it.
6
彼は汚く食べるので、一緒に食事をするのが苦手だ。
He eats messily, so I don't like eating with him.
7
古い本棚はほこりで汚くなっていて、掃除が必要だった。
The old bookshelf was dirty with dust and needed cleaning.
8
彼は字を汚く書くので、読むのが難しい。
He writes sloppily, so it's hard to read.
1
子供たちは公園で遊んだ後、汚くなった服を着て帰ってきた。
The children came back wearing clothes that became dirty after playing in the park.
汚くなった (kitanaku natta) is the past tense of 汚くなる (kitanaku naru), meaning 'to become dirty'.
2
彼は部屋をいつも汚くしているので、掃除をするように言われた。
He always keeps his room dirty, so he was told to clean it.
汚くしている (kitanaku shite iru) means 'keeping (it) dirty'.
3
雨の日は道が汚くなることが多い。
On rainy days, the roads often get dirty.
汚くなる (kitanaku naru) means 'to become dirty' or 'to get dirty'.
4
食事が終わったら、テーブルを汚くしないように拭いてください。
After finishing your meal, please wipe the table so as not to make it dirty.
汚くしないように (kitanaku shinai you ni) means 'so as not to make (it) dirty'.
5
彼は字が汚く、読みにくい。
His handwriting is messy and hard to read.
字が汚い (ji ga kitanai) means 'handwriting is dirty/messy'.
6
その場所は以前はきれいに保たれていたが、今は汚くなっている。
That place used to be kept clean, but now it has become dirty.
汚くなっている (kitanaku natte iru) indicates a state of having become dirty.
7
彼の作業場はいつも工具や材料で汚く散らかっていた。
His workshop was always messily cluttered with tools and materials.
汚く散らかっていた (kitanaku chirakatte ita) means 'was messily cluttered'.
8
私は汚い言葉を使う人が好きではない。
I don't like people who use dirty language.
汚い言葉 (kitanai kotoba) means 'dirty words' or 'foul language'.
1
彼は部屋を散らかしたまま、汚く使っている。
He uses the room dirtily, leaving it messy.
散らかす (chirakasu): to mess up, to scatter
2
その服はもう汚く、洗濯が必要だ。
Those clothes are already dirty; they need washing.
洗濯 (sentaku): laundry, washing
3
彼女はいつも汚く字を書くので、読みにくい。
She always writes illegibly, making it hard to read.
読みにくい (yominikui): hard to read
4
子供たちは公園で遊び、服を汚くした。
The children played in the park and got their clothes dirty.
汚す (yogosu): to soil, to make dirty
5
彼は汚く食べるので、いつも口の周りが汚れている。
He eats messily, so his mouth is always dirty.
口の周り (kuchi no mawari): around the mouth
6
その工場は汚く廃棄物を処理していると批判された。
The factory was criticized for disposing of waste improperly.
廃棄物 (haikibutsu): waste, refuse
7
彼女は汚く話すことをやめるべきだ。
She should stop talking rudely.
話す (hanasu): to speak, to talk
8
この古い建物は汚く見えますが、歴史的な価値があります。
This old building looks dirty, but it has historical value.
歴史的な価値 (rekishiteki na kachi): historical value
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
汚くvs綺麗に (kirei ni)
The adverb for 'cleanly' or 'beautifully'. It's the opposite of 汚く, describing actions done in a clean or neat manner.
汚くvs汚らしい (kitanarashii)
An i-adjective meaning 'dirty-looking' or 'squalid'. It emphasizes the appearance of dirtiness rather than just being dirty.
汚くvs汚職 (oshoku)
This word means 'corruption' or 'bribery'. While it uses the same kanji for 'dirty', its meaning is entirely different, referring to moral or political dirtiness, not physical.
Dirty work; unpleasant or morally questionable job.
彼は誰もやりたがらない汚い仕事を引き受けた。
neutral
"汚く食べる"
To eat messily; to eat like a pig.
子供は汚く食べるので、いつも服を汚してしまう。
neutral
"汚い部屋"
A messy room; a dirty room.
彼の部屋はいつも汚い。
neutral
"汚い手を洗う"
To wash one's hands of something; to stop being involved in something bad.
彼はそのプロジェクトから手を洗い、汚い関係を断った。
neutral
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
汚くvs汚く (kitanaku)
This is an adverb derived from the i-adjective 汚い (kitanai, dirty). Learners might confuse it with other forms or similar-sounding words.
It directly modifies a verb, describing the manner in which an action is performed. For example, to eat dirtily or to write dirtily.
彼は部屋を汚く使った。 (Kare wa heya o kitanaku tsukatta.) - He used the room in a dirty way.
汚くvs汚い (kitanai)
The i-adjective form of 'dirty'. Learners often mix up adjective and adverb forms.
This is an i-adjective used to describe a noun directly. For example, 汚い部屋 (kitanai heya, a dirty room).
その服はとても汚い。 (Sono fuku wa totemo kitanai.) - Those clothes are very dirty.
汚くvs汚れる (yogoreru)
This is an intransitive verb meaning 'to get dirty'. The kanji is the same, leading to confusion with the adjective and adverb forms.
It describes the state of something becoming dirty, without an agent performing the action.
シャツが汚れてしまった。 (Shatsu ga yogorete shimatta.) - My shirt got dirty.
汚くvs汚す (yogosu)
This is a transitive verb meaning 'to make dirty' or 'to soil'. It's often confused with 汚れる due to similar meaning and kanji.
It describes an action where someone or something intentionally or unintentionally makes something else dirty.
子供が壁を汚した。 (Kodomo ga kabe o yogoshita.) - The child dirtied the wall.
汚くvs穢れる (kegareru)
This is an archaic or literary word meaning 'to be defiled' or 'to become impure'. While similar in meaning to 'get dirty', it carries stronger connotations of ritualistic or moral impurity.
It's not used for everyday physical dirtiness but rather for spiritual or moral defilement. The kanji is different from 汚い/汚れる.
心が穢れる。 (Kokoro ga kegareru.) - One's heart becomes defiled.
الگوهای جملهسازی
A1
[Noun] を 汚く [Verb]。 (To do [Verb] dirtily with [Noun].)
子どもは部屋を汚く使います。(Kodomo wa heya o kitanaku tsukaimasu.) - Children use their rooms dirtily.
[Noun] が 汚く [Verb] る。( [Noun] becomes dirty by [Verb]-ing.)
手が汚く見えます。(Te ga kitanaku miemasu.) - My hands look dirty.
B1
汚く [Verb] てもいいですか。(Is it okay to [Verb] dirtily?)
汚く使ってもいいですか。(Kitanaku tsukattemo ii desu ka?) - Is it okay to use it dirtily?
B1
[Verb] のは 汚く [Adjective] です。( [Verb]-ing is dirty/filthy.)
そんな風に食べるのは汚いです。(Sonna fuu ni taberu no wa kitanai desu.) - Eating like that is dirty.
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
汚いDirty, unclean (i-adjective)
汚物Filth, refuse
汚れDirt, stain
فعلها
汚すTo soil, to pollute (transitive)
汚れるTo become dirty, to get soiled (intransitive)
صفتها
汚いDirty, unclean
汚らわしいFilthy, nasty
نحوه استفاده
When using 汚く (kitanaku), it typically follows a verb to describe how an action is performed. For example, to say "to write dirtily," you would say 汚く書く (kitanaku kaku). It can also describe the state of something being dirty, often with a verb like "to become" (なる - naru) or "to be" (いる - iru / ある - aru depending on the noun).
Think of it as the adverbial form of the adjective 汚い (kitanai), which means "dirty" or "unclean."
اشتباهات رایج
A common mistake is confusing 汚く (kitanaku) with the adjective 汚い (kitanai). Remember, 汚い describes a noun directly (e.g., 汚い部屋 - kitanai heya - a dirty room), while 汚く describes a verb or state (e.g., 汚く食べる - kitanaku taberu - to eat dirtily).
Another mistake is using it incorrectly when describing a resulting state. While you can say 部屋が汚くなる (heya ga kitanaku naru) - the room becomes dirty, you wouldn't say 部屋が汚くです (heya ga kitanaku desu) to mean the room is dirty. For that, you'd use the adjective directly: 部屋が汚いです (heya ga kitanai desu).
نکات
Basic use of 汚く
You can use 汚く to describe how an action is performed in a dirty way. For example, if someone eats messily, you might say they eat 汚く.
Common verbs with 汚く
This adverb often pairs with verbs like 食べる (taberu - to eat), 書く (kaku - to write), or 使う (tsukau - to use) when describing actions done without care for cleanliness or neatness.
Opposite meaning
The opposite of 汚く is 綺麗に (kirei ni), which means 'cleanly' or 'beautifully'. Understanding antonyms helps solidify your vocabulary.
Don't confuse with 汚い
汚い (kitanai) is an i-adjective meaning 'dirty'. 汚く is its adverbial form. Remember, i-adjectives change their ending to -く when modifying verbs.
Practice with daily actions
Think about things you might do messily or dirtily in your daily life. For instance, 'I cooked 汚く today' (今日は汚く料理した - Kyou wa kitanaku ryouri shita).
Listen for it in media
Try to spot 汚く in Japanese dramas, anime, or songs. Hearing it in context will help you understand its natural usage and nuance, especially related to untidy behavior.
Sentence structure for adverbs
Adverbs like 汚く typically come before the verb they modify. It's a straightforward structure to remember for describing how an action is done.
Nuance of carelessness
While 'dirtily' is the primary meaning, 汚く can also imply carelessness or a lack of neatness rather than literal dirt. For example, 'writing 汚く' means writing illegibly.
Create your own examples
The best way to learn is to create your own sentences. Try to come up with three sentences using 汚く today, focusing on different verbs to express messy actions.
Japanese emphasis on cleanliness
Japanese culture generally places a high value on cleanliness and tidiness. Therefore, describing something as being done 汚く can carry a stronger negative connotation than simply 'messily' in English, highlighting disapproval of untidiness.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a cat, named 'Kita-kun' (pronounced similar to 'kiku' in 汚く), who loves to play in the mud and always ends up looking 'dirty.' So, Kita-kun is always 汚く (kitanaku).
تداعی تصویری
Picture a messy room with clothes, books, and trash scattered everywhere. This visual immediately brings to mind something being done 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty manner.'
شبکه واژگان
汚い (kitanai) - dirty (adjective)汚れる (yogoreru) - to get dirty (verb)汚す (yogosu) - to make dirty (verb)清潔 (seiketsu) - clean (adjective/noun, antonym)片付ける (katazukeru) - to clean up/tidy up (verb, antonym action)
چالش
Describe a time when something got dirty or someone did something in a messy way. Use 汚く in your description. For example, '彼は部屋を汚く使った。' (He used the room dirtily.) or '子供たちは服を汚くした。' (The children made their clothes dirty.)
ریشه کلمه
From the adjective '汚い' (kitanai), meaning dirty.
معنای اصلی: The adverbial form maintains the core meaning of 'dirty' or 'unclean.'
Japonic
بافت فرهنگی
When describing actions or states with '汚く', it's often used literally for physical dirtiness, but can also extend to metaphorical 'dirtiness' in behavior or appearance. For instance, '汚く食べる' (kitanaku taberu) means 'to eat messily', which can be seen as impolite in Japanese dining etiquette.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Describing how a room or space is dirty.
部屋が汚くなっていますね。
部屋が汚くなっているよ。
部屋が汚くなってるね。
Describing how someone made something dirty.
誰かがここを汚くした。
彼が服を汚くした。
子供が壁を汚くした。
Referring to something being cleaned because it was dirty.
汚くなった床を掃除する。
汚くなった手を洗う。
汚くなった食器を片付ける。
Describing something that became dirty over time.
この本は古くなって汚くなった。
時間が経つにつれて汚くなった。
使っていくうちに汚くなった。
Describing an action done in a messy or untidy way.
彼は字を汚く書く。
絵を汚く描いた。
物を汚く使う。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"あなたの部屋はいつもきれいですか、それとも時々汚くなりますか？"
"何かを汚くしてしまった経験はありますか？"
"汚くなったものを見ると、すぐに掃除したくなりますか？"
"あなたが最後に汚くなったものを見たのはいつですか？"
"何かを汚く使っている人を見たことがありますか？"
موضوعات نگارش
あなたの家の中で一番汚くなりやすい場所はどこですか？その理由も教えてください。
もしあなたが汚い部屋で生活することになったら、どんな気持ちになりますか？
汚くても気にしないものと、すぐにきれいにしたいものは何ですか？
「汚くする」という行為について、あなたの意見を書いてください。
あなたが汚くなったものをきれいにするために、普段どんなことをしていますか？
سوالات متداول
10 سوال
The word you're asking about, 汚く (kitanaku), is an adverb meaning 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty manner'. If you want to say 'dirty' as an adjective, you'd typically use 汚い (kitanai).
Not directly. 汚く (kitanaku) is an adverb, so it describes *how* an action is performed (e.g., 'he wrote dirtily'). To describe a dirty object, you'd use the adjective 汚い (kitanai). For example, 汚い部屋 (kitanai heya) means 'dirty room'.
汚い (kitanai) is an i-adjective, meaning 'dirty'. You use it to describe nouns. For example, 汚い手 (kitanai te) means 'dirty hands'. 汚く (kitanaku) is the adverbial form of 汚い. You use it to describe verbs, indicating an action done 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty way'.
You use 汚く (kitanaku) before a verb to modify it. For example: 彼は部屋を汚く使った。(Kare wa heya o kitanaku tsukatta.) He used the room dirtily.
While 汚く (kitanaku) often refers to physical dirt, 汚い (kitanai) can also be used metaphorically to mean 'foul,' 'unjust,' or 'dishonest.' So, 汚く could sometimes imply an action done in a 'foul' or 'dishonest' way, depending on the context. However, for a B1 learner, focusing on the 'physically dirty' meaning is a good start.
For 'dirtily,' 汚く (kitanaku) is the most direct and common adverb. If you're looking for adjectives meaning 'dirty,' 汚い (kitanai) is the main one. You might also encounter ごみだらけ (gomidarake) which means 'full of trash,' but that's a slightly different nuance.
The kanji for 汚く (kitanaku) is 汚. This kanji means 'dirty,' 'unclean,' or 'defiled.' When it's part of the i-adjective 汚い, it's 汚い. When it forms the adverb 汚く, it's 汚く.
It's pronounced ki-ta-na-ku. The 'ki' is like 'key', 'ta' like 'tah' (as in 'taco'), 'na' like 'nah' (as in 'nap'), and 'ku' like 'koo' (as in 'kudos').
Yes, it can. When you want to say something 'becomes dirty,' you use the adverbial form 汚く (kitanaku) with なる (naru). For example: 部屋が汚くなった。(Heya ga kitanaku natta.) The room became dirty.
汚く (kitanaku) itself is a neutral adverb. Its formality will depend on the verb it modifies and the overall sentence structure. It's perfectly suitable for both casual and somewhat formal contexts when describing an action done 'dirtily'.
خودت رو بسنج
144 سوال
multiple choice
A1
Choose the correct way to say 'This room is dirty.'
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: この部屋は汚いです。
汚い (kitanai) means dirty. きれい (kirei) means clean. 新しい (atarashii) means new. 大きい (ookii) means big.
multiple choice
A1
Which word describes something that is not clean?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 汚い (kitanai)
汚い (kitanai) means dirty. 高い (takai) means expensive/tall. 安い (yasui) means cheap. 小さい (chiisai) means small.
multiple choice
A1
If your hands are 汚い (kitanai), what should you do?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 手を洗います。
If your hands are dirty, you should wash them (手を洗います - te o araimasu). The other options are to read a book, watch TV, or eat a meal.
true false
A1
The word 汚い (kitanai) can describe a messy room.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
汚い (kitanai) means dirty or messy, so it can be used to describe a messy room.
true false
A1
If something is 汚い (kitanai), it is clean.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: نادرست
汚い (kitanai) means dirty. The opposite is きれい (kirei), which means clean.
true false
A1
You can use 汚い (kitanai) to say a car is not clean.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
汚い (kitanai) is used to describe something that is dirty, so it can be used for a car.
writing
A1
You see a room that is not clean. Write a short sentence in Japanese to describe the room as 'dirty'.
خوب نوشتید!تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
部屋は汚いです。
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing
A1
Imagine your shoes are muddy. Write a simple Japanese sentence saying 'My shoes are dirty.'
خوب نوشتید!تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
私の靴は汚いです。
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing
A1
You notice your hands are not clean after playing outside. Write a short Japanese sentence to say 'My hands are dirty.'
خوب نوشتید!تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
پاسخ نمونه
私の手は汚いです。
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
reading
A1
What is described as 'dirty'?
این متن را بخوانید:
これは私の本です。でも、少し汚いです。ごめんなさい。
What is described as 'dirty'?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: The book
'少し汚いです' refers to '私の本です'.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: The book
'少し汚いです' refers to '私の本です'.
reading
A1
What does the speaker want to buy?
این متن را بخوانید:
あの服は汚いです。新しい服を買いたいです。
What does the speaker want to buy?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: New clothes
'新しい服を買いたいです' means 'I want to buy new clothes'.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: New clothes
'新しい服を買いたいです' means 'I want to buy new clothes'.
reading
A1
What will the speaker do with the T-shirt?
این متن را بخوانید:
私のTシャツは汚いです。洗濯機で洗います。
What will the speaker do with the T-shirt?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: Wash it in the washing machine
'洗濯機で洗います' means 'I will wash it in the washing machine'.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: Wash it in the washing machine
'洗濯機で洗います' means 'I will wash it in the washing machine'.
sentence order
A1
کلمات زیر رو بزن تا جمله رو بسازی
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 部屋 は 汚い です
This sentence means 'The room is dirty.' The particles and verb come after the noun.
sentence order
A1
کلمات زیر رو بزن تا جمله رو بسازی
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 服 が 汚く なった
This sentence means 'My clothes became dirty.' The particle が marks the subject, and 汚く is the adverbial form of dirty.
sentence order
A1
کلمات زیر رو بزن تا جمله رو بسازی
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 彼 は 汚い 手 で 食べた
This sentence means 'He ate with dirty hands.' 汚い modifies 手 (hands), and で indicates the means.
「汚く」 describes how something is done in a dirty manner. In this case, 'using a room dirtily' makes sense. The others are grammatically awkward or illogical.
multiple choice
B2
Which of the following best describes someone who behaves 「汚く」?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 周りを気にせず散らかす人。
「汚く」 implies making things dirty or messy. Someone who scatters things without caring fits this description.
multiple choice
B2
What is the most appropriate action when you find something 「汚く」 placed?
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: すぐに片付ける。
If something is placed dirtily, the most appropriate and common action would be to clean it up immediately.
true false
B2
「汚く」 can be used to describe a beautiful melody.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: نادرست
「汚く」 means 'dirtily' or 'in a dirty manner,' and cannot be used to describe something beautiful like a melody.
true false
B2
If someone eats 「汚く」, it means they are eating very neatly.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: نادرست
Eating 「汚く」 means eating messily, not neatly.
true false
B2
You can use 「汚く」 to describe a room that is not clean.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
「汚く」 can describe the state of something being dirty, so it's appropriate for an unclean room.
listening
B2
The room looks dirty.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 部屋が汚く見えますね。
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
listening
B2
He always eats messily, so the surroundings get cluttered.
「汚く」 describes an action or state as 'dirty'. In this context, 'using the room in a dirty manner' is the correct usage.
multiple choice
C1
Which of the following best describes the nuance of 「汚く」 in the sentence: 「汚く書かれた手紙で、読むのが大変だった。」
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: The letter was written in a messy or illegible way, making it difficult to decipher.
「汚く書かれた」 implies that the writing itself is messy or untidy, not necessarily that the paper is dirty or the content is difficult.
multiple choice
C1
Select the most appropriate verb to complete the sentence: 「彼はいつも物を＿＿＿使うので、困る。」
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: 汚く
Given the context of 'causing trouble' (困る) because of how things are used, '汚く' (dirtily/messily) is the most fitting adverb.
true false
C1
The sentence 「彼は汚くてもいつも笑顔だ。」 means 'Even though he is dirty, he is always smiling.'
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
「汚くても」 uses the te-form of 汚い (dirty) with 'mo' to mean 'even if/though dirty', correctly translating to 'Even though he is dirty, he is always smiling.'
true false
C1
The phrase 「汚くする」 can mean 'to make something dirty.'
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
「汚くする」 literally means 'to make (something) dirty' or 'to dirty (something)', which is a correct usage.
true false
C1
In the sentence 「汚くてもいいから、早く仕上げてほしい。」, 「汚くても」 suggests that quality is not important, but speed is.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح: درست
「汚くてもいいから」 implies that even if it's messy or not perfect, it's acceptable, prioritizing the speed of completion. It correctly conveys that quality can be compromised for speed.
listening
C1
The clothes may look dirty, but they are still wearable.
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking
C2
این را بلند بخوانید:
絵の具で汚く塗られた壁は、修理が必要でした。
تمرکز: 汚く (kitanaku)
تو گفتی:
هوش مصنوعی تلفظ شما را تحلیل میکند...
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
speaking
C2
این را بلند بخوانید:
彼はその仕事を汚く済ませてしまったので、やり直すことになった。
تمرکز: 汚く (kitanaku)
تو گفتی:
هوش مصنوعی تلفظ شما را تحلیل میکند...
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
درسته!نه دقیقاً. پاسخ صحیح:
writing
C2
You are writing a review of a restaurant you recently visited. You were very disappointed with the cleanliness. Describe how the restaurant's kitchen and dining area were '汚く' (dirtily) maintained. Focus on specific details that contributed to the dirty state. Use formal Japanese.
Imagine you are a detective investigating a crime scene. Describe how the suspect tried to '汚く' (dirtily) cover up their tracks, leaving behind obvious signs of their efforts. What details would stand out to a trained eye? Use sophisticated Japanese.
You are a professional art restorer. You received a valuable painting that was stored '汚く' (dirtily) for many years. Describe the state of the painting upon arrival and what challenges you anticipate in the restoration process due to its dirty condition. Use technical Japanese terms where appropriate.
This sentence indicates that she took great care not to make her clothes dirty.
/ 144 درست
نمره کامل!
💡
Basic use of 汚く
You can use 汚く to describe how an action is performed in a dirty way. For example, if someone eats messily, you might say they eat 汚く.
💡
Common verbs with 汚く
This adverb often pairs with verbs like 食べる (taberu - to eat), 書く (kaku - to write), or 使う (tsukau - to use) when describing actions done without care for cleanliness or neatness.
💡
Opposite meaning
The opposite of 汚く is 綺麗に (kirei ni), which means 'cleanly' or 'beautifully'. Understanding antonyms helps solidify your vocabulary.
⚠️
Don't confuse with 汚い
汚い (kitanai) is an i-adjective meaning 'dirty'. 汚く is its adverbial form. Remember, i-adjectives change their ending to -く when modifying verbs.
