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A1 noun #3,534 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

挨拶

aisatsu رتبه 3,534

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 挨拶 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 挨拶 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you should learn 'aisatsu' as a general word for 'greeting.' In Japan, greetings are very important. You use specific words for different times of the day. For example, 'Ohayou' in the morning and 'Konnichiwa' in the afternoon. These are all types of 'aisatsu.' When you meet someone, you should 'aisatsu suru' (do a greeting). It is a simple noun. You might hear your teacher say 'Let's do aisatsu!' at the start of class. At this level, just remember that 'aisatsu' means saying hello or goodbye. It is the first thing you learn to be polite in Japanese. You don't need to worry about formal speeches yet. Just know that when you say 'Konnichiwa,' you are making an 'aisatsu.' It is a very common word that you will see in your first Japanese textbook. It is often written in kanji (挨拶) or hiragana (あいさつ). Even if you can't read the kanji yet, you will hear the word every day. Remember: in Japan, a good 'aisatsu' is a loud and clear 'aisatsu.' If you say it too quietly, people might think you are shy or not polite. So, practice your 'Ohayou gozaimasu' with a big smile! That is the best way to start your 'aisatsu' journey.

At the A2 level, you begin to understand that 'aisatsu' is more than just 'hello.' It is a social duty. You should know the phrase 'aisatsu o suru' (to greet) and use it with the particle 'ni' for the person you are greeting, like 'Tonari no hito ni aisatsu shimashita' (I greeted my neighbor). You also learn that 'aisatsu' can refer to a short message or a small talk. For example, when you move to a new apartment, it is a Japanese custom to go to your neighbors' houses and 'aisatsu suru.' This is called '引っ越しの挨拶' (hikkoshi no aisatsu). You might bring a small gift like a towel or cookies. This shows you are a good neighbor. You also learn that 'aisatsu' is used in the workplace. When you enter the office, you must do 'aisatsu' to your boss and coworkers. If you don't, people will think you are 'shitsurei' (rude). You might also see 'aisatsu' used in compound words like 'aisatsu-jou' (greeting card). At this level, you should be able to describe your daily routine using the word, such as 'I greet my colleagues every morning.' You are moving beyond just saying the greetings to talking about the act of greeting itself as a social requirement.

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By the B1 level, you should understand the broader meaning of 'aisatsu' as a formal address or opening remarks. It's not just 'hello'; it's the 'remarks' made at the beginning of an event. For instance, 'Shachou no aisatsu' refers to the President's speech. You will encounter this word in more formal contexts, such as 'keigo' (honorific language) settings. You should be familiar with phrases like 'aisatsu o noberu' (to deliver a greeting/speech). You also start to see the cultural nuance: 'aisatsu' is the lubricant of human relationships. If someone says 'Aisatsu ga natte inai,' they mean 'Your manners/greetings are not up to par.' This is a serious criticism. You should also understand the concept of 'aisatsu-mawari'—the practice of visiting clients or associates to maintain relationships. This is crucial for business. You might also notice that 'aisatsu' is used in the passive or potential forms in more complex sentences. At this level, you are expected to know the kanji (挨拶) and recognize it in newspapers or formal emails. You understand that 'aisatsu' is a category of social behavior that includes bowing, using the correct level of politeness, and choosing the right timing. It is the 'social glue' that keeps Japanese interactions running smoothly.

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At the B2 level, you explore the sociolinguistic functions of 'aisatsu.' You understand that 'aisatsu' serves as a tool for 'phatic communication'—language used to maintain social bonds rather than to convey information. You can discuss the importance of 'aisatsu' in maintaining 'wa' (harmony) in a group. You are comfortable using the word in professional settings, such as 'Butai aisatsu' (stage greetings by actors) or 'Kaikai no aisatsu' (opening address). You should be able to explain the difference between 'aisatsu' and other types of speeches like 'enzetsu' (political/formal speech) or 'shukuji' (congratulatory speech). You also understand the idiomatic uses, such as 'Aisatsu o nukasu' (to skip the formalities/greetings). Your vocabulary expands to include related terms like 'eshaku' (a light bow used as a greeting) and the nuances of how 'aisatsu' changes based on the 'uchi-soto' (inside-outside) relationship. You can read articles about the declining frequency of 'aisatsu' in modern urban Japan and participate in a debate about its necessity. You recognize that 'aisatsu' is a performance of one's social identity and status. You are also aware of the historical context, though perhaps not in full detail yet, knowing it has roots in formal discipline and etiquette.

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At the C1 level, you have a deep understanding of the etymological and philosophical roots of 'aisatsu.' You know that the characters 挨 (to push) and 拶 (to draw near) come from Zen Buddhism, describing the intense spiritual exchange between a master and a student. You can use this knowledge to discuss the 'weight' of the word in Japanese philosophy. You are capable of delivering a formal 'aisatsu' yourself in a business or ceremonial context, using appropriate 'sonkeigo' (honorific) and 'kenjougo' (humble) language. You understand the subtle social cues involved in 'aisatsu'—how the depth of a bow or the choice of words reflects the precise power dynamic between the speakers. You can analyze 'aisatsu' as a cultural construct and compare it with greeting customs in other languages. You are familiar with literary uses of the word and can understand nuances in novels where a character's 'aisatsu' (or lack thereof) reveals their internal state or social standing. You might explore how 'aisatsu' functions in specialized fields, like the 'aisatsu' rituals in traditional arts like tea ceremony or martial arts. You can write sophisticated essays on the role of 'aisatsu' in Japanese corporate culture and its impact on team dynamics and productivity.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 'aisatsu' in all its complexities. You can navigate the most formal 'Goshukuji' (congratulatory addresses) and 'Chouji' (memorial addresses) with ease, recognizing them as specialized forms of 'aisatsu.' You can analyze the evolution of 'aisatsu' from the Muromachi period to the modern day, discussing how the formalization of etiquette (reigishahou) shaped the word's current usage. You understand the psychological aspects of 'aisatsu'—how it functions as a 'territorial' marker and a mechanism for conflict avoidance. You can detect the slightest irony or sarcasm in someone's 'aisatsu' and understand the social consequences of such nuances. You are an expert in the 'kigo' (seasonal words) often used in formal 'aisatsujou' (greeting letters) and can compose these letters with perfect adherence to traditional formats. You can critique the sociolinguistic theories regarding Japanese honorifics and the role of 'aisatsu' within them. Essentially, you understand 'aisatsu' not just as a word, but as a fundamental pillar of the Japanese worldview, encompassing ethics, aesthetics, and social structure. You can discuss its role in 'omotenashi' (hospitality) and how it defines the Japanese sense of 'self' in relation to 'others.'

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

挨拶 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Aisatsu is the Japanese word for greetings and formal addresses, essential for social harmony.
It covers everything from daily 'hellos' to wedding speeches and business introductions.
Performing aisatsu properly is a key measure of social competence and respect in Japan.
The word has Zen roots, implying a spiritual exchange or 'testing of the waters' between people.

The Japanese word 挨拶 (あいさつ - aisatsu) is a cornerstone of Japanese culture, far transcending the simple English translation of 'greeting.' While in English, a greeting might be a casual 'hi' or a wave, in Japan, aisatsu is a social ritual that establishes the atmosphere of a relationship, acknowledges social hierarchy, and demonstrates one's character and upbringing. It is the first step in any social interaction, whether you are entering a convenience store, starting a business meeting, or meeting a friend for coffee.

Social Foundation: In Japanese society, the ability to perform a proper aisatsu is often used as a metric for a person's reliability and social competence. Children are taught from a very young age to greet neighbors and teachers loudly and clearly. In the workplace, 'aisatsu' is considered a fundamental business skill. If a new employee fails to greet their colleagues properly, it is seen as a lack of respect and a sign that they are not yet a 'shakaijin' (a full member of society).
The Scope of Aisatsu: The term encompasses a wide range of actions. It includes daily time-specific greetings like おはようございます (Good morning), こんにちは (Good afternoon), and こんばんは (Good evening). However, it also extends to ceremonial speeches, such as a wedding toast or a CEO's New Year address, which are also referred to as aisatsu. Even the act of bowing without speaking can be considered a form of non-verbal aisatsu.

「日本社会では、挨拶は人間関係の基本です。」
(In Japanese society, greetings are the basis of human relationships.)

Historically, the word has Zen Buddhist origins. The first character 挨 (ai) means to push or open, and 拶 (satsu) means to draw near or squeeze. Originally, it referred to the 'push and pull' or the exchange of questions and answers between Zen masters and their disciples to test their enlightenment. This sense of 'testing the waters' or 'opening a dialogue' remains in the modern usage, where a greeting serves to gauge the other person's mood and establish a connection.

「彼は大きな声で挨拶をした。」
(He gave a greeting in a loud voice.)

Formal vs. Informal: The way you perform aisatsu changes significantly based on the context. In a casual setting with friends, a simple 'Yaa' or 'Osu' (very masculine/informal) might suffice. In a formal setting, aisatsu involves humble language (keigo) and a deep bow. The word aisatsu itself is used to describe the act, as in 挨拶をする (to greet/to make a speech).

In summary, aisatsu is the lubricant of Japanese society. It smooths over potential friction and signals that you are a cooperative, respectful member of the group. Without it, social interactions are considered cold, rude, or even suspicious. Whether it is a simple nod to a neighbor or a formal address at a graduation, aisatsu is the vital first step in Japanese communication.

Using 挨拶 (aisatsu) in a sentence is relatively straightforward because it functions primarily as a noun that can be turned into a verb by adding する (suru). However, the nuances change depending on whether you are talking about the act of saying 'hello' or the act of giving a formal speech.

The Verb Form: 挨拶する: To say 'to greet someone' or 'to say hello,' you use the construction [Person] に挨拶する. The particle ni is used to indicate the recipient of the greeting. For example, 先生に挨拶しました (I greeted the teacher).
The Noun Form: 挨拶: When used as a noun, it can refer to the words spoken. For example, 心のこもった挨拶 (a heartfelt greeting). It also refers to speeches. If you hear 社長の挨拶, it means 'the President's address' or 'the President's opening remarks.'

「隣の人に挨拶を忘れないでください。」
(Please don't forget to greet your neighbor.)

When describing a formal speech, you often use the verb 述べる (noberu - to state/to deliver) or 行う (okonau - to perform/to hold). For example, 開会の挨拶を述べる means 'to deliver the opening remarks.' This is much more formal than simply 'saying' a greeting.

「彼は短い挨拶をして、席に座った。」
(He gave a short greeting and sat down.)

In a passive sense, if someone is known for being polite, you might say 彼は挨拶がしっかりしている (He is very proper with his greetings). This is a high compliment in Japanese culture, suggesting the person is well-mannered and disciplined. Conversely, 挨拶もなしに (without even a greeting) is used to describe someone acting rudely or abruptly.

Compound Usage: You will often see aisatsu combined with other words. 挨拶状 (aisatsujou) refers to greeting cards or formal announcement letters (like for a change of address). 舞台挨拶 (butai aisatsu) refers to a stage greeting, usually when actors appear before or after a movie screening to talk to the audience.

「引越しの後、近所に挨拶に行きました。」
(After moving, I went to greet the neighbors.)

The word 挨拶 (aisatsu) is ubiquitous in Japanese life, appearing in school, business, and social settings. Understanding where you hear it helps clarify its multi-layered meaning.

In Schools: In Japanese schools, aisatsu is part of the 'hidden curriculum.' Every morning, teachers and students exchange a formal greeting. You will often hear a teacher say, 「みんな、挨拶しましょう！」 (Everyone, let's greet!), prompting a collective 'Ohayou gozaimasu.' There are even 'Aisatsu Campaigns' where students stand at the school gate to greet everyone arriving.
In the Office: The workplace is where aisatsu becomes most structured. Upon arriving, everyone says おはようございます. When leaving, お先に失礼します (Excuse me for leaving before you) is the required aisatsu. When a client visits, the staff will perform a mukae-aisatsu (welcoming greeting). Failure to do these is not just a social slip; it's a professional failure.

「会議の前に、部長から挨拶がありました。」
(Before the meeting, there was a greeting/address from the department manager.)

In residential areas, aisatsu is the primary way to maintain peace. Neighbors who exchange aisatsu are less likely to have conflicts. You might hear someone say, 「あの人はいつも挨拶を返してくれない」 (That person never returns a greeting), which is a common complaint about someone perceived as unfriendly or poorly raised.

「新年の挨拶状が届いた。」
(A New Year's greeting card arrived.)

Public Events: At weddings, funerals, or graduation ceremonies, the program will always list aisatsu. For example, 新郎新婦の挨拶 (Greetings from the bride and groom) or 校長先生の挨拶 (The principal's address). Here, it implies a formal, prepared speech that follows specific etiquette.

Finally, you will see the word on signs. Shops might have a sign saying 「明るい挨拶、元気な店」 (Bright greetings, energetic shop). In this context, aisatsu is used as a slogan for good customer service and a positive atmosphere.

「彼は挨拶もせずに部屋を出て行った。」
(He left the room without even a greeting.)

While 挨拶 (aisatsu) seems simple, English speakers often make mistakes regarding its cultural weight and specific grammatical usage.

Mistake 1: Underestimating the Importance: In many Western cultures, if you are busy, you might skip a greeting. In Japan, skipping aisatsu is often perceived as an active sign of hostility or extreme rudeness. Even if you are in a rush, a quick nod (a silent aisatsu) is necessary. Thinking of it as optional is a major cultural mistake.
Mistake 2: Confusing 'Aisatsu' with 'Hello': While aisatsu includes 'hello,' it is a much broader category. You cannot say 「挨拶！」 to mean 'Hello!' You must use the specific greeting (Konnichiwa, etc.). Aisatsu is the category of the word, not the word itself. It is like saying 'Greeting!' to someone instead of 'Hi!'

❌ 「田中さんに挨拶を言いました。」
✅ 「田中さんに挨拶をしました。」
(Don't use 'iu' (say) with 'aisatsu'; use 'suru' (do).)

Another common error is the particle usage. Many learners use と (to - with) instead of に (ni - to) when greeting someone. While 田中さんと挨拶する implies a mutual exchange, 田中さんに挨拶する is the standard way to say you greeted Tanaka-san.

❌ 「挨拶が悪い」
✅ 「挨拶ができない」 or 「挨拶がなっていない」
(To say someone is bad at greeting, 'warui' isn't usually used; instead, we say they 'cannot do it' or it 'is not properly formed'.)

The 'Silent' Mistake: In Western culture, if you don't know someone, you don't greet them. In a Japanese apartment building or office, you are expected to perform aisatsu to people you recognize by sight, even if you don't know their names. Failing to do so makes you 'the person who doesn't greet' (aisatsu shinai hito), which is a negative social label.

Lastly, remember that aisatsu is not just words. If you say 'Ohayou gozaimasu' while looking at your phone, it is considered a 'poor aisatsu.' The physical component (stopping, looking, and potentially bowing) is inseparable from the linguistic component.

While 挨拶 (aisatsu) is the general term, several other words cover specific types of greetings or addresses. Understanding the differences will make your Japanese sound more natural and precise.

会釈 (Eshaku) vs. 挨拶 (Aisatsu): 会釈 (えしゃく) refers specifically to a light bow (about 15 degrees). While aisatsu often includes a bow, eshaku is the technical term for the physical act of nodding/bowing as a greeting. You might perform eshaku as your aisatsu when passing a colleague in a hallway where speaking loudly would be inappropriate.
祝辞 (Shukuji) vs. 挨拶 (Aisatsu): 祝辞 (しゅくじ) is a 'congratulatory address.' While a wedding speech is a type of aisatsu, calling it shukuji is more formal and specific. Aisatsu is the umbrella term; shukuji is the specific formal category for celebrations.

「彼は軽く会釈をして通り過ぎた。」
(He passed by with a light bow.)

Other related terms include 辞令 (jirei), which can sometimes involve a formal address when receiving a job appointment, and 演説 (enzetsu), which means 'speech' or 'oration.' Enzetsu is typically used for political speeches, whereas aisatsu is used for social or ceremonial addresses. If a politician greets a crowd, it's aisatsu; if they explain their platform for 30 minutes, it's enzetsu.

「校長先生が卒業生に祝辞を述べた。」
(The principal delivered a congratulatory address to the graduates.)

Summary of Comparisons

挨拶 (Aisatsu): General greeting, speech, or acknowledgement.
会釈 (Eshaku): Specifically the physical act of a slight bow.
祝辞 (Shukuji): A formal greeting specifically for a happy occasion.
演説 (Enzetsu): A long, persuasive public speech (political/academic).

When in doubt, aisatsu is almost always safe. It is the most versatile and commonly understood term for any social opening or formal address.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Because of its Zen roots, 'aisatsu' implies a level of sincerity and 'testing' the connection between two souls, which is why a half-hearted greeting is so negatively viewed in Japan.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /aɪˈsæt.suː/

US /aɪˈsɑːt.suː/

Japanese has pitch accent rather than stress. In 'aisatsu,' the pitch usually starts high on 'a' and drops on 'i', remaining low for 'satsu' (Atamadaka pattern).

هم‌قافیه با

Katsu (victory) Matsu (pine tree) Natsu (summer) Tatsu (dragon) Batsu (punishment) Hatsu (departure) Satsu (banknote) Tetsu (iron)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'tsu' as two separate sounds 't' and 'su'. It should be one sound.
Misplacing the pitch accent, which can make it sound like a different word to native ears.
Forgetting the 'i' and saying 'asatsu'.
Over-emphasizing the 'u' at the end; in many dialects, the final 'u' is nearly silent.
Pronouncing 'ai' as 'ay' (like play) instead of 'eye'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

The kanji are complex (N1 level), but the word is so common that learners recognize it quickly.

نوشتن 4/5

Writing the kanji '挨拶' from memory is difficult for beginners due to the many strokes.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Easy to pronounce and essential for daily life.

گوش دادن 1/5

Very easy to hear and identify in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

おはようこんにちはこんばんは先生する

بعداً یاد بگیرید

礼儀マナーお辞儀尊敬語謙譲語

پیشرفته

慇懃無礼時候の挨拶祝辞弔辞仁義

گرامر لازم

Suru-Verbs

挨拶する (To greet)

Honorific Prefix 'Go-'

ご挨拶 (Polite form of greeting)

Particle 'Ni' for Recipient

田中さんに挨拶する (Greet Mr. Tanaka)

Noun Modifying Noun with 'No'

朝の挨拶 (Morning greeting)

Causative Form for Speeches

挨拶をさせていただきます (Please allow me to give a greeting)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

朝の挨拶は「おはよう」です。

The morning greeting is 'Ohayou'.

Simple noun 'Aisatsu' used as a subject.

先生に挨拶をしました。

I greeted the teacher.

Aisatsu + o + shimashita (past tense verb).

明るい声で挨拶しましょう。

Let's greet with a bright voice.

Aisatsu + shimashou (let's do).

挨拶は大切です。

Greetings are important.

Aisatsu + wa + taisetsu (adjective) + desu.

友達に挨拶をします。

I greet my friend.

Particle 'ni' indicates the person being greeted.

毎日、挨拶を練習します。

I practice greetings every day.

Aisatsu + o + renshuu (practice).

これは日本の挨拶です。

This is a Japanese greeting.

Nihon no aisatsu (Japanese greeting).

挨拶を忘れないでください。

Please don't forget the greeting.

Wasurenaide kudasai (Please don't forget).

隣の人に引っ越しの挨拶に行きました。

I went to give a moving-in greeting to my neighbor.

Hikkoshi no aisatsu (moving greeting).

彼はいつも元気に挨拶してくれます。

He always greets me energetically.

Genki ni (energetically) + aisatsu shite kureru.

会社に入るとき、挨拶を忘れてはいけません。

When entering the office, you must not forget to greet.

Wasurete wa ikemasen (must not forget).

誕生日の挨拶をメールで送りました。

I sent a birthday greeting by email.

Tanjoubi no aisatsu (birthday greeting).

知らない人にも挨拶をしますか？

Do you greet people you don't know?

Shiranai hito (unknown person) + ni mo (also to).

恥ずかしくて、挨拶ができませんでした。

I was shy and couldn't greet them.

Hazukashikute (being shy) + potential negative.

父は挨拶に厳しい人です。

My father is strict about greetings.

Aisatsu ni kibishii (strict about greetings).

帰る時、みんなに挨拶をしました。

When I left, I greeted everyone.

Kaeru toki (when returning/leaving).

社長が新入社員に歓迎の挨拶を述べた。

The president delivered a welcoming address to the new employees.

Noberu (to state/deliver) is formal for speeches.

挨拶代わりに、彼は軽く頭を下げた。

Instead of a greeting, he gave a slight bow.

Aisatsu kawari ni (instead of/as a substitute for a greeting).

社会人として、挨拶ができるのは当たり前だ。

As a member of society, being able to greet properly is a given.

Shakaijin (member of society) + atarimae (natural/obvious).

彼は挨拶もなしに、いきなり本題に入った。

Without even a greeting, he suddenly jumped to the main topic.

Aisatsu mo nashi ni (without even a greeting).

新年の挨拶回りで忙しい一日だった。

It was a busy day with New Year's greeting visits.

Aisatsu-mawari (making rounds for greetings).

心のこもった挨拶に、聴衆は感動した。

The audience was moved by the heartfelt greeting/speech.

Kokoro no komotta (heartfelt).

日本での挨拶の仕方を教えてください。

Please teach me how to do greetings in Japan.

Aisatsu no shikata (way of doing greetings).

彼は挨拶がしっかりしていると評判だ。

He has a reputation for being very proper with his greetings.

Aisatsu ga shikkari shite iru (greetings are solid/proper).

舞台挨拶には、主演俳優たちが勢揃いした。

The main actors all gathered for the stage greeting.

Butai aisatsu (stage greeting).

堅苦しい挨拶は抜きにして、乾杯しましょう。

Let's skip the stiff greetings and have a toast.

Katakkurushii (stiff/formal) + nuki ni shite (leaving out).

彼は挨拶を欠かさない、礼儀正しい青年だ。

He is a polite young man who never fails to greet.

Aisatsu o kakasanai (never fails/omits greetings).

就任の挨拶で、彼は今後の抱負を語った。

In his inaugural address, he spoke of his future aspirations.

Shuunin no aisatsu (inaugural address).

挨拶一つで、相手の印象は大きく変わる。

With just a single greeting, the impression you give changes greatly.

Aisatsu hitotsu de (with just one greeting).

近所付き合いは、まず挨拶から始まる。

Neighborhood relations start, first and foremost, with a greeting.

Ginjotsu-kiai (neighborhood relations).

彼は形式的な挨拶を嫌い、本音で話すことを好む。

He dislikes formal greetings and prefers to speak his true mind.

Keishikiteki na (formal/formulaic).

卒業式の挨拶で、涙を流す生徒もいた。

During the graduation speech, some students were in tears.

Sotsugyoushiki no aisatsu (graduation ceremony speech).

禅の修行において、挨拶は悟りの深さを測る手段であった。

In Zen training, 'aisatsu' was a means to measure the depth of enlightenment.

Historical/Etymological context of the word.

通り一遍の挨拶ではなく、もっと踏み込んだ対話が必要だ。

We need a deeper dialogue, not just perfunctory greetings.

Toori-ippen (perfunctory/standard).

彼は政界引退の挨拶を、淡々とした口調で終えた。

He finished his retirement address from politics in a calm tone.

Seikai intai (retirement from politics).

時候の挨拶を添えるのが、日本の正式な手紙の作法だ。

Including a seasonal greeting is the proper etiquette for a formal Japanese letter.

Jikou no aisatsu (seasonal greeting).

彼の挨拶には、長年の功績に対する自負が滲み出ていた。

In his address, a sense of pride in his long years of achievement seeped through.

Nijimi-deru (to seep out/be evident).

初対面の挨拶で、彼の誠実な人柄が伝わってきた。

Through the initial greeting, his sincere personality was conveyed.

Shotaimen (first meeting).

挨拶を軽んじる者は、結局は誰からも信頼されない。

Those who look down on greetings will ultimately not be trusted by anyone.

Karunjiru (to make light of/look down on).

彼は弔辞の挨拶で、故人との思い出を深く語った。

In his memorial address, he spoke deeply of his memories with the deceased.

Chouji (memorial address/eulogy).

挨拶という行為は、社会的な相互承認の儀礼的プロセスである。

The act of greeting is a ritualistic process of social mutual recognition.

Sociological definition.

慇懃無礼な挨拶は、かえって相手の反感を買うことがある。

A greeting that is 'polite but rude' (overly formal to the point of sarcasm) can actually provoke resentment.

Ingin-burei (polite but rude).

彼は一言の挨拶も残さず、忽然と姿を消した。

He vanished suddenly without leaving so much as a word of greeting/farewell.

Kotzen-to (suddenly/unexpectedly).

その挨拶文は、格調高い文体で綴られていた。

That greeting text was composed in a highly dignified style.

Kakuchou-takai (dignified/noble style).

挨拶の有無が、その集団の規律を如実に物語っている。

The presence or absence of greetings clearly tells the story of that group's discipline.

Nyojitsu-ni (vividly/clearly).

彼は謙遜を交えた挨拶で、会場の空気を和ませた。

With a greeting mixed with humility, he softened the atmosphere of the venue.

Nagomaseta (softened/calmed).

長々と続く挨拶に、列席者たちは辟易していた。

The attendees were fed up with the long-winded greetings.

Hekieki-shite ita (was fed up/annoyed).

挨拶の言葉の裏に隠された真意を読み解く。

Deciphering the true intent hidden behind the words of the greeting.

Ura ni kakusareta (hidden behind).

مترادف‌ها

会釈お辞儀敬意礼儀スピーチ

متضادها

無視黙殺

ترکیب‌های رایج

挨拶をする

挨拶を交わす

挨拶を述べる

挨拶を欠かす

挨拶に行く

挨拶回り

挨拶状

舞台挨拶

挨拶もなしに

心のこもった挨拶

عبارات رایج

挨拶代わり

— Used when an action is done instead of or as a form of a greeting. Often refers to a light punch or a small gift.

挨拶代わりにパンチを食らわせた。

挨拶抜きで

— Getting straight to the point without formalities. Used in casual or urgent situations.

挨拶抜きで本題に入りましょう。

挨拶がなっていない

— A common criticism meaning 'your manners/greetings are poor.' Implies a lack of upbringing.

最近の若者は挨拶がなっていない。

挨拶を返す

— To return a greeting someone gave you. Essential for social harmony.

挨拶をされたら、ちゃんと返しましょう。

ちょっと挨拶に

— A phrase used when stopping by someone's house or office briefly. 'Just stopping by to say hello.'

ちょっと挨拶に寄りました。

終わりの挨拶

— Closing remarks at the end of an event or meeting.

以上で終わりの挨拶とさせていただきます。

引っ越しの挨拶

— The specific ritual of greeting neighbors after moving into a new home.

引っ越しの挨拶にタオルを持っていく。

新年の挨拶

— New Year's greetings, usually very formal and traditional.

新年の挨拶を申し上げます。

挨拶を済ませる

— To finish the necessary greetings. Often used when one is in a hurry.

手短に挨拶を済ませた。

丁寧な挨拶

— A polite and thorough greeting. Shows high respect.

彼はいつも丁寧な挨拶をする。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

挨拶 vs スピーチ

Speech is a loanword often used for longer, Western-style presentations. Aisatsu is more for ritualized addresses.

挨拶 vs お辞儀

Ojigi is just the physical bow. Aisatsu includes the words and the social intent.

挨拶 vs 返事

Henji is a 'reply' to a question. Aisatsu is an 'opening' or 'salutation'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"挨拶は時の氏神"

— A greeting is like a local deity; it can solve problems and smooth things over instantly.

挨拶は時の氏神というから、まず自分から声をかけよう。

Literary/Proverb

"挨拶を抜かす"

— To skip the greeting. Often used to describe someone being rude or overly efficient.

彼は挨拶を抜かして部屋に入った。

Neutral

"挨拶を投げかける"

— To 'throw' a greeting toward someone, implying a proactive or casual approach.

道ゆく人に挨拶を投げかける。

Literary

"挨拶のしようがない"

— There is no way to even greet/respond. Used when someone has done something so bad or shocking.

彼の態度は挨拶のしようがないほど酷い。

Colloquial

"挨拶を交わす仲"

— Being on 'greeting terms' with someone. Implies a casual acquaintance.

彼とは挨拶を交わす仲です。

Neutral

"挨拶がわりの一撃"

— A blow given as a 'greeting.' Common in sports or action stories.

試合開始早々、挨拶がわりの一撃を見舞った。

Colloquial

"挨拶に伺う"

— To visit someone to give a greeting. Very formal/humble.

明日、改めてご挨拶に伺います。

Formal/Keigo

"挨拶を欠く"

— To lack or fail in providing a greeting. Usually seen as a social failure.

礼儀を重んじる彼は、挨拶を欠くことはない。

Formal

"挨拶もそこそこに"

— Doing the greeting only briefly before rushing into something else.

挨拶もそこそこに、彼は仕事に取り掛かった。

Neutral

"挨拶に代えて"

— Used at the end of a speech or letter: 'In place of a (proper/longer) greeting...'

以上をもちまして、私の挨拶に代えさせていただきます。

Formal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

挨拶 vs 会釈

Both involve greeting someone.

Eshaku is specifically a 15-degree bow. Aisatsu is the general term for the whole greeting act.

彼は会釈をして通り過ぎた。

挨拶 vs 祝辞

Both can mean a formal speech.

Shukuji is only for happy/congratulatory occasions. Aisatsu is used for any occasion.

校長先生が祝辞を述べた。

挨拶 vs 弔辞

Both can mean a formal speech.

Chouji is specifically for funerals/memorials. Aisatsu is the general category.

友人が弔辞を読んだ。

挨拶 vs 演説

Both mean 'speech'.

Enzetsu is a long, persuasive speech (like a politician). Aisatsu is a social address (like a host).

大統領が演説を行った。

挨拶 vs 紹介

Both happen when meeting people.

Shoukai is 'introduction' (telling names). Aisatsu is 'greeting' (saying hello).

自己紹介の後に挨拶をする。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Time] の挨拶は [Greeting] です。

朝の挨拶は「おはよう」です。

[Person] に挨拶をします。

先生に挨拶をします。

挨拶もなしに [Action]。

挨拶もなしに帰りました。

[Event] で挨拶を述べる。

結婚式で挨拶を述べました。

挨拶代わりに [Action]。

挨拶代わりにプレゼントを渡した。

挨拶がしっかりしている。

彼は挨拶がしっかりしている。

[Formal Context] につき、ご挨拶申し上げます。

新春につき、ご挨拶申し上げます。

挨拶を軽んじる。

挨拶を軽んじる傾向がある。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

挨拶状 (Aisatsujou - Greeting card)

挨拶回り (Aisatsu-mawari - Greeting rounds)

舞台挨拶 (Butai aisatsu - Stage greeting)

فعل‌ها

挨拶する (Aisatsu suru - To greet)

مرتبط

礼儀 (Reigi - Manners)

会釈 (Eshaku - Light bow)

敬語 (Keigo - Honorific language)

お辞儀 (Ojigi - Bowing)

スピーチ (Supiichi - Speech)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely High. It is one of the top 500 most used nouns in Japanese daily life.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'aisatsu' as a word to say hello. → Using 'Konnichiwa' or 'Ohayou'.
'Aisatsu' is the category/noun for greetings, not the greeting itself. You don't say 'Aisatsu' to someone.
Using the particle 'to' instead of 'ni'. → 先生に挨拶する (Sensei ni aisatsu suru).
In Japanese, you perform the greeting 'to' (ni) a person, rather than 'with' (to) them in most standard sentences.
Thinking 'aisatsu' only happens in the morning. → Using it for any time of day or even formal speeches.
Aisatsu is an all-encompassing term for social acknowledgement, regardless of the time or length of the message.
Greeting while looking at a phone or walking away. → Stopping and making eye contact/bowing.
In Japan, a greeting without the proper physical component is often considered 'no greeting at all.'
Using 'aisatsu o iu'. → 挨拶をする (aisatsu o suru).
'Iu' (to say) is grammatically awkward with 'aisatsu.' Use 'suru' (to do) or 'noberu' (to state/deliver).

نکات

The Power of the First Greeting

In Japan, your first 'aisatsu' of the day often determines how people perceive you for the rest of the day. A bright, energetic greeting builds trust.

Stop and Bow

For a proper 'aisatsu,' don't just speak while walking. Stop for a second, make eye contact (or bow), and then say the words. This shows genuine respect.

Otsukaresama is an Aisatsu

In an office, 'Otsukaresama desu' is the most versatile 'aisatsu.' It's used when passing people in the hall, answering the phone, or leaving for the day.

Use 'Ni' for the Person

Always remember the particle 'ni' when greeting someone: [Person] に挨拶する. Using 'to' is common for learners but 'ni' is more standard.

Kanji Recognition

Even if you can't write '挨拶', learn to recognize it. It appears on signs in schools and offices everywhere in Japan.

Return the Favor

If someone greets you, always return the 'aisatsu.' Even a simple nod is better than silence, which can be seen as a social 'cold shoulder.'

Eye-Sat-Su

Remember: 'I sat' (Aisat) to look you in the 'Eye' (Ai) and say 'Su' (Hello). This helps with the three syllables.

Short and Sweet

When asked to give an 'aisatsu' at a party, keep it brief. The word implies a short address, not a 20-minute lecture.

Local Aisatsu

Some regions in Japan have their own specific 'aisatsu.' For example, in Kyoto, greetings can be very subtle and indirect. Observe locals to match their style.

Don't use 'Iu'

Avoid saying 'aisatsu o iu' (to say a greeting). The correct expression is 'aisatsu o suru' (to do a greeting) or 'aisatsu o noberu' (to deliver a greeting).

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine you are 'EYE-SATS-U' (I sat you) down to give you a greeting. Or think: 'I sat' (Aisat) and said 'Su' (Hello).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine two people bowing in front of a Zen temple. The characters look complex, like two people leaning toward each other (the left radicals are the 'hand' radical, indicating action).

شبکه واژگان

Hello Bowing Manners Speech Zen Hierarchy Respect Morning

چالش

Try to say 'aisatsu' five times fast while bowing 15 degrees each time. This links the physical action to the word in your muscle memory.

ریشه کلمه

The word 'aisatsu' originates from Zen Buddhist terminology. It was used to describe the dialogue and interaction between a Zen master and a disciple to test the depth of the disciple's understanding and enlightenment.

معنای اصلی: The character 挨 (ai) means 'to push' or 'to open,' and 拶 (satsu) means 'to draw near' or 'to squeeze.' Together, they represented the 'push and pull' of a spiritual debate.

Sino-Japanese (Kango). The characters were imported from China but the specific social meaning evolved within Japanese Zen culture.

بافت فرهنگی

Always return an 'aisatsu' even if you don't know the person well. Ignoring one is seen as a direct insult or a sign of poor mental health/upbringing.

In English, 'greeting' is often just a linguistic exchange. In Japan, it is a holistic performance including body language and social positioning.

Aisatsu Campaign: A common initiative in Japanese public schools. The 'Aisatsu' scene in the anime 'Nichijou' where characters over-dramatize simple greetings. The book 'Aisatsu no Mahou' (The Magic of Greetings) which became a meme after the 2011 earthquake.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At School

先生に挨拶する
大きな声で挨拶
朝の挨拶
挨拶運動

In the Office

部長に挨拶する
新入社員の挨拶
挨拶回りに行く
ご挨拶に伺う

Neighborhood

隣の人に挨拶
引っ越しの挨拶
挨拶を交わす
笑顔で挨拶

Ceremonies

新郎の挨拶
開会の挨拶
終わりの挨拶
感謝の挨拶

Emails/Letters

挨拶状を送る
時候の挨拶
略儀ながら挨拶
書中をもちまして挨拶

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"日本に来て、一番驚いた挨拶は何ですか？ (What was the greeting that surprised you most when you came to Japan?)"

"あなたの国では、知らない人に挨拶をしますか？ (In your country, do you greet people you don't know?)"

"会社で一番大切な挨拶は何だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the most important greeting in a company?)"

"挨拶が上手な人について、どう思いますか？ (What do you think about people who are good at greetings?)"

"最近、誰かに特別な挨拶をしましたか？ (Did you give a special greeting to someone recently?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、何人の人に挨拶をしましたか？その時の気分はどうでしたか？ (How many people did you greet today? How did you feel then?)

日本の挨拶文化について、自分の国の文化と比較して書いてください。 (Write about Japanese greeting culture compared to your own country's culture.)

もし挨拶がない世界になったら、社会はどうなると思いますか？ (If the world became a place without greetings, what do you think would happen to society?)

自分がこれまでに経験した、一番緊張した挨拶について書いてください。 (Write about the most nervous greeting/speech you have ever experienced.)

「挨拶は魔法の言葉」という言葉について、あなたの考えを書いてください。 (Write your thoughts on the phrase 'Greetings are magic words.')

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, while it often means a daily greeting like 'hello,' it also refers to formal speeches at events like weddings or business meetings. It can even mean a simple bow without any words. Essentially, it is any ritualized acknowledgement of another person.

Yes, it is a 'suru-verb.' You can say 'aisatsu suru' to mean 'to greet.' For example, 'Tanaka-san ni aisatsu shimashita' means 'I greeted Mr. Tanaka.'

It is a Japanese custom where people visit neighbors, clients, or business partners specifically to deliver a greeting. This is common after moving to a new home or at the start of the New Year to maintain social bonds.

It is extremely important. It is considered the most basic business skill. If you don't greet your colleagues properly every morning, you may be viewed as unprofessional or rude, which can affect your career.

'Aisatsu' is the general term for any greeting. 'Eshaku' is a specific technical term for a slight bow (about 15 degrees) used as a greeting. You perform 'eshaku' as a form of 'aisatsu.'

Yes, 'aisatsu' covers both meeting and parting. Saying 'sayounara' or 'otsukaresama' when leaving are both considered 'kaeri no aisatsu' (parting greetings).

The kanji 挨拶 are considered N1 level (advanced). They have Zen Buddhist origins and are not used in many other common words, making them harder to memorize than simple kanji. However, the word itself is A1 level.

It means to 'skip the greeting' or 'skip the formalities.' It is often used when someone is being too blunt or when friends are so close they don't need formal manners anymore.

It is a 'stage greeting.' This is when actors and directors of a movie appear in person at a theater to greet the audience and talk briefly about the film.

No. 'Aisatsu' is the name of the act, not the greeting itself. You must use specific words like 'Konnichiwa' or 'Ohayou.' Saying 'Aisatsu!' would be like walking up to someone and shouting 'Greeting!'

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