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A2 suffix #1,200 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

～込み

-komi رتبه 1,200

At the A1 level, you only need to recognize '～込み' in its most common form: '税込み' (zeikomi). You will see this on price tags in every convenience store and supermarket in Japan. It simply means that the tax is already included in the price shown. For a beginner, the most important thing is to know that if a price says '税込み,' you don't need to calculate any extra tax at the register. You might also see it in very simple phrases like '送料込み' (shipping included) when looking at items online. At this stage, you don't need to worry about the grammar; just treat '税込み' as a single vocabulary word meaning 'tax included.' It is a very practical word that helps you manage your money while shopping in Japan. Remember that the opposite is '税抜き' (zeinuki), which means the tax will be added later.

At the A2 level, you can start using '～込み' in your own sentences to describe simple transactions. You should understand that it attaches directly to nouns. Common examples include '朝食込み' (breakfast included) for hotel bookings or 'ドリンク込み' (drink included) for lunch sets. You will learn the pattern '[Noun] + 込みで [Price],' such as '全部込みで５００円です' (It's 500 yen including everything). This is very useful for basic travel and shopping. You should also be able to distinguish it from the verb 'komu' (to be crowded). At this level, focus on using '～込み' to clarify what is included in a price or a service. It makes your requests and questions much clearer when you are a tourist or a student living in Japan.

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using '～込み' in a wider variety of contexts, including work and more complex social situations. You will encounter it in real estate (e.g., '管理費込み' - maintenance fee included) and business discussions. You should also understand the 'Verb Stem + 込み' pattern, which creates compound nouns like '持ち込み' (bringing in) or '申し込み' (application). While these are technically different from the 'including' suffix, they share the same root. You should be able to explain the difference between '～込み' and '～を含めて' (o fukumete), recognizing that '～込み' is more transactional and 'built-in.' This level requires you to use the suffix to create more complex noun phrases like '手数料込みの金額' (the amount including the transaction fee).

At the B2 level, you should understand the more abstract and idiomatic uses of '～込み.' A key phrase is '織り込み済み' (orikomi-zumi), which means something has already been factored into a plan or a market price. This is common in news, finance, and high-level business meetings. You should also be aware of how '～込み' can be used to describe emotional or mental states in literature, such as '考え込み' (being lost in thought). At this level, you should be able to use '～込み' naturally in both formal and informal registers, including the colloquial '込み込み' (all-inclusive). You should also be able to handle complex sentence structures where '～込み' modifies other clauses or functions as a conditional state in a larger argument.

At the C1 level, you are expected to have a nuanced understanding of '～込み' as a morphological tool in the Japanese language. You should be able to use it to create precise technical terms or to understand legal and contractual language where the scope of inclusion is critical. You will encounter it in academic texts discussing economic structures or social systems (e.g., '制度の中に組み込み' - incorporating into a system). Your usage should reflect an understanding of the historical development of the suffix from the verb 'komu' and how it contributes to the 'compactness' of Japanese expression. You should be able to use it to express subtle differences in meaning, such as the difference between '算入' (calculation inclusion) and '込み' (general inclusion) in a financial report.

At the C2 level, your mastery of '～込み' should be indistinguishable from that of a highly educated native speaker. You can appreciate its use in classical-style modern literature or complex philosophical discourse where the concept of 'inclusion' or 'integration' is explored. You understand the phonetic and rhythmic role the suffix plays in compound words and can use it creatively to coin new terms or expressions that follow Japanese morphological rules. You are also fully aware of regional variations or archaic uses that might appear in specific dialects or historical documents. At this level, '～込み' is not just a vocabulary item but a flexible linguistic building block that you use to convey deep, integrated meanings with minimal effort.

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

～込み در ۳۰ ثانیه

A versatile suffix meaning 'including,' used primarily for prices (tax, shipping) and service packages (breakfast, fees) to show a final, all-in total.
Attaches directly to nouns without particles, creating compounds like 'zeikomi' (tax included) or 'souryoukomi' (shipping included) that function as nouns themselves.
Derived from the verb 'komu' (to enter), it implies that the item is 'built-in' or 'integrated' rather than just added as an afterthought.
Essential for daily life in Japan, appearing on menus, price tags, real estate listings, and in business discussions about factoring in risks.

The Japanese suffix ～込み (komi) is an essential part of daily life in Japan, particularly when dealing with money, services, and logistics. At its core, it is derived from the verb komu (込む), which means to go into, to be crowded, or to include. When used as a suffix, it transforms a preceding noun into a state of being 'included' or 'factored in.' For English speakers, the most direct translation is usually 'including' or 'inclusive of.' However, unlike the English word 'including,' which often acts as a preposition or a participle at the beginning of a phrase, ～込み always attaches to the end of the noun it modifies, creating a compound that functions as a single unit of meaning.

Economic Context: In the world of commerce, you will see this everywhere. The most common pairing is 税込み (zeikomi), meaning 'tax included.' Since Japan has a consumption tax, prices are often displayed as either 'plus tax' (税抜き - zeinuki) or 'tax included.' Seeing ～込み on a price tag is a relief for many shoppers because it represents the final amount they will actually pay at the register.

このランチはデザート込みで１０００円です。(Kono ranchi wa dezaato komi de sennen desu.) - This lunch is 1,000 yen including dessert.

Beyond just money, ～込み is used in hospitality and travel. When booking a hotel, you might see 朝食込み (choushoku komi), which means breakfast is included in the room rate. In real estate, 管理費込み (kanrihi komi) indicates that the monthly maintenance fee is already part of the rent. It provides a sense of completeness and transparency in transactions. It is also used in more abstract ways, such as 織り込み済み (orikomi-zumi), a business term meaning that certain information or risks have already been 'factored into' a price or a plan. Understanding this suffix allows you to navigate Japanese menus, contracts, and advertisements with much greater confidence, as it clarifies exactly what you are getting for your money.

Social Nuance: Using ～込み often implies a 'package deal' or an 'all-in' feeling. It suggests that the speaker is presenting a final, comprehensive figure or situation, leaving no hidden surprises for the listener.

全部込みの値段を教えてください。(Zenbu komi no nedan o oshiete kudasai.) - Please tell me the price with everything included.

In summary, ～込み is a versatile and highly practical suffix. It moves the focus from individual components to the whole. Whether you are at a convenience store, a real estate agency, or a high-end restaurant, recognizing this suffix will help you understand the boundaries of what is being offered. It is a hallmark of the Japanese preference for clear, categorized information in professional and commercial exchanges.

Grammatically, ～込み is quite straightforward to use because it functions as a suffix that attaches directly to nouns. You do not need any intervening particles like no or ga between the noun and the suffix. The resulting compound noun can then be used in various positions within a sentence: as a subject, an object, or as part of a predicate with the copula desu. For example, if you want to say 'tax included,' you simply combine zei (tax) and komi to get 税込み (zeikomi).

Structure 1: Noun + 込み + です: This is the most basic way to state that something is included. '料金は送料込みです' (The fee is shipping-included). Here, the compound acts as the complement of the sentence.

このプランは、保険料込みです。(Kono puran wa, hokenryou komi desu.) - This plan includes the insurance fee.

Another common structure is [Noun] + 込みで. In this case, the particle de acts as a marker of condition or total. This is frequently used when discussing prices or quantities. For instance, '10,000 yen including tax' would be 税込みで１万円 (zeikomi de ichiman-en). The de helps to set the context of the total amount. You can also use komi no to modify another noun, such as 送料込みの商品 (souryou komi no shouhin), meaning 'a product with shipping included.'

Structure 2: Noun + 込みの + Noun: Use this when you want to describe a specific item or plan. '朝食込みのホテル' (A hotel with breakfast included). The 'no' particle is necessary here to link the 'included' state to the object being described.

手数料込みの金額を教えてください。(Tesuuryou komi no kingaku o oshiete kudasai.) - Please tell me the amount including the transaction fee.

One nuance to be aware of is the difference between ～込み and ～を含めて (o fukumete). While both mean 'including,' ～込み is more often used for fixed prices, sets, or physical inclusions that are part of a standard package. ～を含めて is more flexible and can be used for people, abstract ideas, or lists of items in a more general sense. For example, you would use fukumete to say 'Including my family, there are five people,' but you would use ～込み to say 'The price is 500 yen including tax.'

Structure 3: Verb Stem + 込み: This is a more advanced use where 'komi' attaches to a verb stem to indicate an action done 'into' something or 'thoroughly.' For example, 'tobikomi' (jumping in) or 'mochikomi' (bringing in).

飲み物の中への持ち込みは禁止です。(Nomimono no naka e no mochikomi wa kinshi desu.) - Bringing in outside drinks is prohibited.

By mastering these patterns, you can accurately describe everything from a simple purchase to a complex business agreement. The key is to remember that ～込み is about integration—it tells the listener that the item mentioned is not an extra, but a core part of the whole.

In Japan, you will encounter ～込み almost immediately upon arrival. If you are at the airport and looking at bus tickets to the city center, the price will likely be marked as 税込み (zeikomi). If you visit a restaurant for lunch, the menu might say ドリンク込み (dorinku komi), meaning a drink is included in the set meal price. This is a very 'real-world' word that appears in practical, everyday situations rather than just in textbooks.

Retail and E-commerce: When shopping online on sites like Rakuten or Mercari, the phrase 送料込み (souryou komi) is a major selling point. It tells the buyer that the price they see is the price they pay, with no additional shipping fees added at checkout. This is often contrasted with chakubarai (pay on delivery).

この商品は送料込みで３０００円です。(Kono shouhin wa souryou komi de sanzennen desu.) - This product is 3,000 yen, shipping included.

In the service industry, especially in tourism, ～込み is used to define the scope of a service. A tour package might be ガイド代込み (gaido-dai komi), meaning the guide's fee is included. A gym membership might be 入会金込み (nyuukaikin komi), meaning the initial sign-up fee is waived or included in the first payment. This clarity is highly valued in Japanese culture, where avoiding misunderstandings about money is a key part of professional etiquette.

Real Estate and Housing: When looking for an apartment, you will see 共益費込み (kyouekihi komi) or 管理費込み (kanrihi komi). This means the common area maintenance fees are included in the listed rent, making it easier to compare different properties.

家賃は水道代込みで月８万円です。(Yachin wa suidoudai komi de tsuki hachiman-en desu.) - The rent is 80,000 yen per month, including water bills.

Finally, you will hear it in casual conversations when friends are splitting a bill. Someone might say, '全部込みで一人２０００円ね' (Everything included, it's 2,000 yen per person). This 'everything included' (全部込み - zenbu komi) is a very common colloquialism. Whether it's a formal contract or a casual night out, ～込み is the go-to expression for defining the boundaries of a total sum.

While ～込み is relatively simple, there are several common pitfalls that learners should avoid. The most frequent mistake is using it with the wrong word order or adding unnecessary particles. Because it is a suffix, it must come after the noun. Some learners, influenced by English 'including,' might try to put it before the noun, which is incorrect.

Mistake 1: Adding 'no' between the Noun and 'Komi': Incorrect: 税の込み (Zei no komi). Correct: 税込み (Zeikomi). The suffix attaches directly to the noun to form a compound. Adding 'no' makes it sound unnatural and grammatically broken.

✕ 朝食の込みプラン
○ 朝食込みのプラン (Choushoku komi no puran)

Another common error is confusing ～込み with ～を含めて (o fukumete). As mentioned earlier, ～込み is primarily for totals, prices, and fixed sets. If you are talking about including a person in a group or including a specific topic in a discussion, fukumete is usually the better choice. For example, 'Including the teacher, there are ten people' should be '先生を含めて１０人です' (Sensei o fukumete juunin desu). Using '先生込み' in this context is possible but sounds much more like the teacher is a 'fee' or a 'service' rather than a human being.

Mistake 2: Confusing 'Komi' with 'Iri': Learners often confuse '～込み' with '～入り' (iri). '～入り' means 'containing' or 'with [something inside].' For example, 'mame-iri' (containing beans). Use '～込み' for abstract inclusion (like fees) and '～入り' for physical contents (like ingredients in a box).

✕ 砂糖込みのコーヒー (Coffee including sugar - sounds like sugar is a fee)
○ 砂糖入りのコーヒー (Coffee with sugar in it)

Lastly, be careful with the verb form komu. While ～込み is a suffix, the verb komu is often used as a second verb in compound verbs (like hikikomu, mochikomu). These are different from the 'including' suffix. Always look at the preceding word: if it is a noun, it likely means 'including'; if it is a verb stem, it likely indicates a physical or metaphorical movement 'into' something.

To truly master ～込み, it is helpful to compare it with other Japanese words that convey the idea of 'including' or 'together with.' Each of these has a specific nuance and context where it is most appropriate.

1. ～を含めて (o fukumete): This is the most direct synonym. It is the te-form of the verb fukumu (to include). It is more formal and versatile than ～込み. While ～込み is common for prices and packages, fukumete is used for people, abstract concepts, and logical groupings.

家族を含めて、全員で５人です。(Kazoku o fukumete, zen'in de gonin desu.) - Including my family, there are five people in total.

2. セット (setto): Borrowed from English 'set,' this is used in restaurants and for products. 'A-setto' usually means a main dish, side, and drink are included. While ～込み focuses on the cost or fact of inclusion, 'setto' focuses on the combination of items.

Another alternative is プラス (purasu), meaning 'plus.' This is used when an extra cost is added on top of a base price. For example, '1000 yen plus tax' would be '1000-en purasu zei.' This is the opposite of ～込み, where the tax is already inside the 1000 yen. In real estate, you might also see 内蔵 (naizou), which means 'built-in,' usually for appliances like a dishwasher or a stove that are physically part of the apartment.

3. 込み込み (komikomi): This is a casual, colloquial version of ～込み. It emphasizes that absolutely everything is included. You might hear this when a travel agent is explaining a tour: 'Kore wa komikomi no puran desu' (This is an all-inclusive plan).

全部込み込みでいくらですか？(Zenbu komikomi de ikura desu ka?) - How much is it with absolutely everything included?

Finally, consider 一括 (ikkatsu), which means 'all together' or 'in one lump sum.' While ～込み describes the state of inclusion, ikkatsu describes the method of handling or paying for something. For example, 'ikkatsu barai' means paying for everything in one go. Understanding these nuances will help you choose the right word for the right situation, making your Japanese sound more natural and precise.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

"こちらの価格は消費税込みとなっております。"

خنثی

"送料込みで３０００円です。"

غیر رسمی

"これ、全部込みでいくら？"

Child friendly

"おもちゃも込みのセットだよ。"

عامیانه

"それ、込み込みでしょ？"

نکته جالب

The kanji 込 is a 'kokuji' (Japanese-made kanji). It combines the 'movement' radical (辶) with the character for 'inside' (入), literally meaning 'to move inside.'

راهنمای تلفظ

UK koʊmi

US koʊmi

Japanese is a pitch-accent language. In 'komi', the pitch usually stays relatively flat or has a slight drop depending on the preceding noun.

هم‌قافیه با

Umi (sea) Kami (paper) Yomi (reading) Tsumi (sin) Gomi (trash) Nomi (only) Fumi (letter) Kimi (you)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'ko' like 'cow'. It should be a pure 'o' sound.
Stressing the 'mi' too much. Both syllables should be even.
Adding a long 'i' at the end like 'komiee'. Keep it short.
Confusing the pitch with the verb 'komu'.
Pronouncing it as 'kami' (god/paper) by mistake.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji is simple and the meaning is clear once you know the pattern.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing '込' requires attention to the radical, but it is a common character.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Very easy to use in daily conversation once the 'Noun + Komi' pattern is learned.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easily recognizable in shops and announcements.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

税 (Tax) 送る (To send) 入る (To enter) 値段 (Price) 全部 (All)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

含める (To include - verb) 抜き (Without/excluding) 別 (Separate) 合計 (Total) サービス料 (Service charge)

پیشرفته

織り込み済み (Factored in) 組み込む (To incorporate) 飲み込み (Understanding) 食い込む (To encroach)

گرامر لازم

Noun + 込み (Suffix usage)

税込み (Tax included)

Verb Stem + 込み (Compound verb/noun)

申し込み (Application)

Noun + を含めて (Participial phrase)

これを含めて３つです。(Three including this.)

Noun + 抜き (Opposite suffix)

わさび抜き (Without wasabi)

Noun + 入り (Containing suffix)

みかん入りのゼリー (Jelly containing oranges)

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

これは税込み１００円です。

This is 100 yen including tax.

税 (tax) + 込み (including).

送料込みですか？

Is shipping included?

送料 (shipping fee) + 込み (including).

全部込みで５００円です。

It's 500 yen for everything included.

全部 (everything) + 込み (including) + で (particle for total).

このパンは税込みですか？

Is this bread tax-included?

Simple question using the copula 'desu ka'.

１０００円、税込みです。

1,000 yen, tax included.

Standard way to state a price.

チケットは税込みです。

The ticket is tax-included.

Noun + wa + Noun-komi + desu.

送料込みでお願いします。

Shipping included, please.

Using 'onegaishimasu' for a request.

これは税込みの値段です。

This is the tax-included price.

Using 'no' to modify the noun 'nedan' (price).

朝食込みのプランを選びました。

I chose a plan with breakfast included.

朝食 (breakfast) + 込み (including) + の (possessive/modifying particle).

ドリンク込みで８００円のランチです。

It's an 800 yen lunch including a drink.

ドリンク (drink) + 込み (including) + で (total/condition).

家賃は管理費込みです。

The rent includes the maintenance fee.

管理費 (maintenance fee) + 込み (including).

全部込みの料金を教えてください。

Please tell me the all-inclusive fee.

全部 (all) + 込み (including) + の (modifying particle).

手数料込みでいくらになりますか？

How much will it be including the fee?

手数料 (handling fee) + 込み (including).

このカメラはケース込みです。

This camera comes with a case included.

ケース (case) + 込み (including).

バス代込みのツアーに参加します。

I will join a tour with the bus fare included.

バス代 (bus fare) + 込み (including).

保険料込みの値段を計算しました。

I calculated the price including the insurance premium.

保険料 (insurance premium) + 込み (including).

持ち込みはご遠慮ください。

Please refrain from bringing in outside items.

持ち込み (mochikomi) is a compound noun: mochi (hold) + komi (into).

光熱費込みの物件を探しています。

I am looking for a property with utilities included.

光熱費 (utilities/light and heat costs) + 込み (including).

申し込みは明日までです。

The application is due by tomorrow.

申し込み (moushikomi) is a compound noun: moushi (say) + komi (into).

サービス料込みの金額を支払いました。

I paid the amount including the service charge.

サービス料 (service charge) + 込み (including).

駐車場代込みで月１０万円です。

It's 100,000 yen per month including the parking fee.

駐車場代 (parking fee) + 込み (including).

彼は考え込みながら歩いていた。

He was walking while lost in thought.

考え込み (kangaekomi) is the continuative form of kangaekomu (to be lost in thought).

このプランには、全ての費用が込み込みになっています。

In this plan, all costs are completely included.

込み込み (komikomi) is a colloquial, emphatic form of 'included'.

材料費込みの予算を立てました。

I made a budget including material costs.

材料費 (material costs) + 込み (including).

そのリスクはすでに織り込み済みです。

That risk has already been factored in.

織り込み済み (orikomi-zumi) is a set phrase meaning 'already factored in'.

彼女は話し込みすぎて、終電を逃した。

She talked so much that she missed the last train.

話し込み (hanashikomi) comes from hanashikomu (to talk for a long time/get deep into talk).

運賃込みの価格設定になっています。

The pricing is set with the freight charges included.

運賃 (freight/fare) + 込み (including).

この契約には、保守点検費用も込みです。

This contract also includes maintenance and inspection costs.

保守点検費用 (maintenance and inspection costs) + 込み (including).

彼は自分の世界に閉じ込みがちだ。

He tends to shut himself away in his own world.

閉じ込み (tojikomi) from tojikomu (to shut in/confine).

消費税込みの総額を表示する義務があります。

There is an obligation to display the total amount including consumption tax.

消費税 (consumption tax) + 込み (including).

一泊二食込みの旅館に泊まりました。

I stayed at a ryokan with one night and two meals included.

一泊二食 (one night, two meals) + 込み (including).

そのニュースは市場に織り込み済みだった。

That news was already priced into the market.

織り込み済み used in a financial context.

このプロジェクトには、不測の事態も込みで計画を立てる必要がある。

For this project, we need to make a plan that includes unforeseen circumstances.

不測の事態 (unforeseen circumstances) + 込み (including).

彼の理論には、社会心理学的な視点が組み込まれている。

His theory incorporates a socio-psychological perspective.

組み込まれている (kumikomarete iru) is the passive form of kumikomu (to incorporate).

全ての諸経費込みの最終見積もりを提出した。

I submitted the final estimate including all miscellaneous expenses.

諸経費 (miscellaneous expenses) + 込み (including).

その判決は、将来的な影響も込みで慎重に下された。

The verdict was carefully delivered, taking into account future impacts as well.

将来的な影響 (future impact) + 込み (including/factoring in).

彼は長年の修行により、その技を体に染み込ませた。

Through years of training, he made the technique soak into his body (mastered it).

染み込ませた (shimikomaseta) from shimikomu (to soak in/permeate).

管理費込みの家賃設定は、入居者にとって分かりやすい。

Setting rent with maintenance fees included is easy for tenants to understand.

Using 'komi' to describe a business strategy.

この料金体系は、全てのオプションが込み込みになっているのが特徴だ。

The characteristic of this pricing system is that all options are completely included.

込み込み (komikomi) used in a professional context to describe a feature.

その事実は、歴史的な文脈の中に織り込み済みとして扱われるべきだ。

That fact should be treated as something already factored into the historical context.

織り込み済み used in an academic/historical context.

彼の文体には、古語の響きが巧みに織り込み済みである。

The echoes of archaic language are skillfully woven into his writing style.

織り込み済み used metaphorically for literary style.

現代社会の歪みは、我々の生活様式の中に深く食い込んでいる。

The distortions of modern society are deeply embedded in our way of life.

食い込んでいる (kuikonde iru) from kuikomu (to bite into/encroach).

その哲学的な問いは、日常の些細な出来事の中にさえ、暗黙のうちに込み込まれている。

That philosophical question is implicitly included even within the trivial events of daily life.

込み込まれている (komikomarete iru) - a rare, complex passive usage.

作者の意図は、読者の想像力も込みで完成するよう設計されている。

The author's intention is designed to be completed by including the reader's imagination.

読者の想像力 (reader's imagination) + 込み (including).

その政策の失敗は、当初の計画の甘さに既に織り込み済みだったと言わざるを得ない。

It must be said that the failure of that policy was already factored into the naivety of the initial plan.

A complex sentence structure using 'iwayaru o enai'.

伝統と革新が混じり込み、新たな文化が形成されていく。

Tradition and innovation mix together, and a new culture is formed.

混じり込み (majirikomi) from majirikomu (to mix into).

その音楽には、都会の喧騒に対する静かな怒りが織り込み済みである。

In that music, a quiet anger toward the hustle and bustle of the city is already incorporated.

Metaphorical use of 'orikomi-zumi'.

一見無関係な事象も、大局的な視点で見れば、必然性の中に込み込まれている。

Even seemingly unrelated events are included within necessity when viewed from a broad perspective.

Abstract philosophical use of 'komikomarete iru'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

税込み

送料込み

朝食込み

管理費込み

手数料込み

全部込み

織り込み済み

サービス料込み

保険料込み

運賃込み

عبارات رایج

税込み価格

送料込みで

朝食込みのプラン

全部込みの料金

織り込み済み

込み込みの値段

管理費込みの家賃

手数料込みの金額

ドリンク込みのランチ

全て込みで

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

～込み vs ～を含めて

～込み is for 'built-in' totals/prices; ～を含めて is for 'counting' items/people in a list.

～込み vs ～入り

～込み is for abstract inclusion (fees); ～入り is for physical contents (ingredients).

～込み vs ～付き

～付き (tsuki) means 'attached' or 'comes with' (e.g., camera with a lens), while ～込み focuses on the cost being included.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"織り込み済み"

Already factored into a price, plan, or expectation. Often used in stock markets.

円安の影響は、すでに株価に織り込み済みだ。

Business/Formal

"話し込み"

Getting deep into a conversation for a long time.

喫茶店で友達と話し込みました。

Neutral

"考え込み"

Being lost in deep thought, often with a serious expression.

彼は難しい顔をして考え込みました。

Neutral

"使い込み"

Embezzlement or using up money that was meant for something else.

会社の金を使い込み、解雇された。

Formal/Legal

"教え込み"

Drilling information or skills into someone thoroughly.

子供にマナーを教え込みました。

Neutral

"書き込み"

Writing in a comment, note, or post (especially online).

掲示板に書き込みをしました。

Neutral/Digital

"飛び込み"

Diving in, or making an unannounced visit (e.g., sales).

飛び込みで営業に行きました。

Neutral/Business

"駆け込み"

Rushing into a place at the last minute.

駆け込み乗車は危険です。

Public/Formal

"持ち込み"

Bringing something into a place (like food into a cinema).

飲食物の持ち込みは禁止です。

Formal

"飲み込み"

Swallowing, or metaphorically, understanding/grasping a concept.

彼は飲み込みが早い。(He is a quick learner.)

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

～込み vs 含める (Fukumeru)

Both mean 'to include'.

Fukumeru is a verb used for the action of including. ～込み is a suffix describing the state of being included in a total.

彼を含めて５人です。(Including him, there are 5 people.)

～込み vs 入り (Iri)

Both can be translated as 'with' or 'including'.

Iri refers to physical contents inside something (like beans in a cake). Komi refers to costs or services in a package.

箱入りのチョコレート (Chocolates in a box.)

～込み vs 付き (Tsuki)

Both mean 'comes with'.

Tsuki often refers to a physical attachment or a bonus feature. Komi refers to the price/total inclusion.

カメラ付き携帯 (Phone with a camera.)

～込み vs 抜き (Nuki)

It is the opposite, but often seen in the same context (pricing).

Nuki means 'excluding' or 'without'.

税抜き (Tax excluded.)

～込み vs プラス (Purasu)

Both relate to adding things together.

Purasu means something is added on top of the base. Komi means it is already inside the base.

１００円プラス税 (100 yen plus tax.)

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun] 込みです。

税込みです。

[Noun] 込みで [Amount] です。

全部込みで１０００円です。

[Noun] 込みの [Noun] です。

朝食込みのプランです。

[Noun] 込みの物件/商品

送料込みの商品を探す。

[Verb Stem] 込み

持ち込みは禁止です。

[Noun] は織り込み済みです。

そのリスクは織り込み済みです。

[Abstract Noun] も込みで [Action]。

将来の影響も込みで判断する。

[Noun] に [Noun] が織り込み済みである。

作品に怒りが織り込み済みである。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

فعل‌ها

صفت‌ها

مرتبط

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in commercial, travel, and daily transactional contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

税の込み (Zei no komi) → 税込み (Zeikomi)
You should not use the particle 'no' between the noun and the suffix. They combine to form a single compound noun.
先生込みで１０人です。(Sensei komi de juunin desu.) → 先生を含めて１０人です。(Sensei o fukumete juunin desu.)
While 'komi' can be used for people, it sounds like the person is a 'fee' or 'service.' 'Fukumete' is more respectful and natural for people.
込み税 (Komi zei) → 税込み (Zeikomi)
The word 'komi' is a suffix, so it must always come AFTER the noun it modifies, not before.
砂糖込みのコーヒー (Satou komi no koohii) → 砂糖入りのコーヒー (Satou iri no koohii)
Use 'iri' for physical ingredients inside something. Use 'komi' for abstract inclusions like prices or services.
送料込みをします。(Souryou komi o shimasu.) → 送料込みにします。(Souryou komi ni shimasu.)
When making a choice or setting a condition, use the particle 'ni' with the verb 'suru' (to decide on).

نکات

Direct Attachment

Always attach '～込み' directly to the noun. Never put 'no' or 'ga' in between. It's 'zeikomi,' not 'zei no komi.'

Look for the Kanji

Memorize the kanji '込'. It appears on almost every price tag in Japan. Knowing this will save you from math at the register.

Komi vs Fukumete

Use 'komi' for money and sets. Use 'fukumete' for people and abstract lists. This makes your Japanese sound more natural.

Split the Bill

When out with friends, use '全部込みで (amount)' to tell everyone the final total. It's a very useful phrase for social situations.

Factoring Risks

Use '織り込み済み' (orikomi-zumi) in meetings to show you've already considered certain factors. It sounds very professional.

Hotel Plans

When booking a Ryokan, check if it's '二食込み' (two meals included). This is the classic Japanese travel experience.

Compound Verbs

Be aware that 'komi' also appears in verbs like 'moushikomi' (apply). The meaning is different but the root 'into' is the same.

Tax Display

Since 2021, '税込み' display is mandatory in Japan. If you see a price without it, it might be an old sign or a specific exception.

Price Announcements

Listen for 'zeikomi' in store announcements. It's one of the most common words you'll hear while walking through a mall.

The 'In' Rule

Just remember: Komi = Come in. The extra cost has already 'come in' to the total. It's simple and effective.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Komi' as 'Come in.' If the tax has 'come in' to the price, it is '税込み' (zeikomi).

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a box where the tax is already sitting inside next to the product. The tax is 'in' (komi).

شبکه واژگان

税 (Tax) 送料 (Shipping) 朝食 (Breakfast) 手数料 (Fee) 全部 (All) 込み (Included) 価格 (Price) プラン (Plan)

چالش

Next time you look at a Japanese menu or shopping site, find three items that are '～込み' and say the full compound out loud.

ریشه کلمه

The suffix ～込み comes from the continuative form (ren'youkei) of the Japanese verb 込む (komu). The verb 込む historically meant 'to move into a space' or 'to be full/crowded.' Over time, this 'moving into' sense evolved into a grammatical marker for inclusion.

معنای اصلی: To go into or to be put into a container or space.

Japonic

بافت فرهنگی

None. This is a standard commercial and grammatical term.

In English, we often say 'tax included' or 'all-in.' The Japanese '～込み' is more compact and used as a suffix, whereas English uses separate words.

Consumer Protection Laws in Japan regarding price display. Travel brochures for 'Ryokan' stays. E-commerce giants like Rakuten and Amazon Japan.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Shopping at a supermarket

税込みですか？
税込み価格
これは税込みです
税込みでお願いします

Booking a hotel

朝食込みのプラン
サービス料込み
全部込みの料金
税金込みですか？

Online shopping

送料込みの商品
手数料込み
送料込みでいくら？
全部込みの値段

Real Estate

管理費込みの家賃
共益費込み
水道代込み
全て込みの物件

Business Meetings

リスクは織り込み済みです
諸経費込みの見積もり
手数料込みの金額
全て込みで考えましょう

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"この値段は税込みですか、それとも税抜きですか？ (Is this price tax-included or tax-excluded?)"

"送料込みで一番安いのはどれですか？ (Which one is the cheapest including shipping?)"

"朝食込みのプランに変更できますか？ (Can I change to a plan with breakfast included?)"

"全部込みで一人いくらになりますか？ (How much will it be per person with everything included?)"

"管理費込みの物件はありますか？ (Are there any properties with maintenance fees included?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、買い物をした時に「税込み」の表示を何回見ましたか？ (How many times did you see 'tax included' displays when you went shopping today?)

「全部込み」の旅行プランと、自分で別々に予約するのと、どちらが好きですか？ (Do you prefer 'all-inclusive' travel plans or booking everything separately?)

最近、何か「織り込み済み」だと思った出来事はありますか？ (Is there anything recently that you felt was 'already factored in' or expected?)

日本で「送料込み」の商品を買ったことがありますか？感想を書いてください。 (Have you ever bought a 'shipping included' product in Japan? Write your thoughts.)

「朝食込み」のホテルに泊まった時の思い出を書いてください。 (Write about a memory of staying at a hotel with 'breakfast included.')

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

税込み (zeikomi) means the consumption tax is already included in the displayed price. 税抜き (zeinuki) means the tax is not included and will be added at the checkout. In Japan, most stores are now required to show the 税込み price to make it easier for customers.

It is better to use ～を含めて (o fukumete) for people. For example, 'Including the teacher' is '先生を含めて'. Using '先生込み' sounds like the teacher is a fee or a service, which can be slightly rude or unnatural unless you are talking about a tour price that includes the guide.

Yes, '込み込み' (komikomi) is a colloquial and emphatic way to say 'everything included.' You might hear it in casual conversation or in advertisements for 'all-inclusive' travel packages. It is not used in formal writing.

You say '送料込み' (souryou komi). This is very common on online shopping sites. Sometimes it is also written as '送料無料' (souryou muryou), which means 'free shipping,' but '送料込み' specifically implies the cost is built into the item price.

Yes, but in a different way. It can attach to a verb stem to form a compound verb or noun, like '申し込み' (application) or '持ち込み' (bringing in). In these cases, it means 'into' or 'thoroughly' rather than 'including price.'

It is a common business and financial term meaning 'already factored in.' For example, if the stock market already expected a certain piece of news, experts will say that news is '織り込み済み' (orikomi-zumi) and won't change the price further.

Yes, '朝食込み' (choushoku komi) is the standard way to say breakfast is included. You will see this on booking websites and hotel signs throughout Japan.

No, it attaches directly to the noun. You say '税込み' (zeikomi), not '税の込み'. However, after '込み', you might use particles like 'de' (税込みで) or 'no' (税込みの値段).

It is neutral and used in both formal business contexts (like contracts) and informal daily life (like shopping). It is a very versatile and standard expression.

The most direct opposite in a commercial context is '～抜き' (nuki), meaning 'excluding' or 'without.' For example, '税抜き' (tax excluded) or 'わさび抜き' (without wasabi).