かゆみ در ۳۰ ثانیه
- かゆみ (kayumi) means itchiness.
- It's the sensation causing the urge to scratch.
- Used for insect bites, dry skin, allergies.
- Noun form related to the adjective 痒い (kayui).
The Japanese word かゆみ (kayumi) is a noun that translates to 'itchiness' or 'an itching sensation' in English. It describes that unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to scratch. This word is very common and is used in everyday life to express discomfort caused by various reasons, such as insect bites, dry skin, allergies, or even just a general feeling of irritation on the skin.
You might hear or use かゆみ when discussing symptoms of a rash, after being bitten by mosquitoes, or when experiencing a skin condition. It's a straightforward word that directly conveys the feeling of needing to scratch. For instance, if someone has been in the sun and their skin feels irritated, they might complain about かゆみ. Similarly, a child who has been playing outside might come home saying they have かゆみ from bug bites.
Understanding かゆみ is essential for discussing physical discomfort related to the skin. It's a B1 level vocabulary word, meaning learners at an intermediate stage should be familiar with it. It's a fundamental term when talking about health and bodily sensations. The sensation of かゆみ can range from mild and fleeting to intense and persistent, depending on the cause.
Think about situations like wearing a new wool sweater that feels scratchy, or experiencing a reaction to a new soap. In these instances, the resulting sensation is かゆみ. It's a universal feeling, and the Japanese word かゆみ captures it perfectly. It's often used in conjunction with verbs like 'ある' (aru - to exist/have) or '感じる' (kanjiru - to feel), as in 「かゆみがある」 (kayumi ga aru - I have an itch) or 「かゆみを感じる」 (kayumi o kanjiru - I feel an itch).
The word is derived from the verb 痒い (kayui), which means 'to be itchy'. So, かゆみ is the noun form representing the state or sensation of being itchy. This makes it easy to remember: if something is 痒い (kayui), it causes かゆみ (kayumi).
- Example Sentence
- 蚊に刺されて、腕にひどいかゆみがある。
Kamonisasa rete, ude ni hidoi kayumi ga aru.
(I was bitten by a mosquito, and my arm has a terrible itch.)
- Contextual Usage
- When visiting a doctor in Japan for a skin issue, you might describe your symptoms using かゆみ. For example, 「この発疹はとてもかゆいです。」 (Kono hasshin wa totemo kayuidesu - This rash is very itchy.) or more directly, 「かゆみ止めをください。」 (Kayumi dome o kudasai - Please give me something to stop the itch.)
The feeling of かゆみ can be quite distracting.
Using かゆみ in sentences is quite straightforward. It typically functions as the subject or object of a sentence, often paired with verbs like ある (aru), 感じる (kanjiru), or 止める (yameru). The grammatical particle が (ga) is commonly used when かゆみ is the subject experiencing the sensation, while を (o) might be used when referring to treating or alleviating the itchiness.
One of the most common ways to express having an itch is to say 「かゆみがあります」 (kayumi ga arimasu) or 「かゆみがある」 (kayumi ga aru) in a more casual setting. This literally means 'there is itchiness'. For example, 「背中にかゆみがあります。」 (Senaka ni kayumi ga arimasu - I have an itch on my back.)
You can also describe the intensity of the itchiness. For instance, 「かゆみがひどい」 (kayumi ga hidoi - the itchiness is severe) or 「軽いかゆみ」 (karui kayumi - a mild itch). When talking about treating it, you might say 「かゆみを抑える」 (kayumi o osaeru - to suppress the itchiness) or 「かゆみ止め」 (kayumi dome - itch reliever/anti-itch medicine).
Consider these sentence structures:
- Subject + に + かゆみ + が + ある/感じる
- This structure indicates where the itchiness is located. For example: 「足にひどいかゆみがある。」 (Ashi ni hidoi kayumi ga aru - I have a severe itch on my leg.)
- かゆみ + を + 動詞 (e.g., 止める, 抑える)
- This focuses on the action taken regarding the itchiness. For example: 「この薬はかゆみをよく止めます。」 (Kono kusuri wa kayumi o yoku tomemasu - This medicine stops itching well.)
- Describing the quality of かゆみ
- You can use adjectives before かゆみ. For example: 「夜になると、かゆみが強くなる。」 (Yoru ni naru to, kayumi ga tsuyoku naru - When night comes, the itchiness becomes stronger.)
It's important to distinguish between the adjective 痒い (kayui) and the noun かゆみ.
You will encounter the word かゆみ (kayumi) in a wide variety of everyday situations in Japan. It's a fundamental term for describing a common physical sensation, so it's frequently used in informal conversations among friends and family, as well as in more formal settings like doctor's offices or pharmacies.
Medical Contexts: This is perhaps where かゆみ is most frequently and importantly used. When visiting a doctor for skin conditions, allergies, or insect bites, patients will describe their symptoms using かゆみ. You'll hear phrases like: 「かゆみが止まりません。」 (Kayumi ga tomarimasen - The itchiness won't stop.) or 「どこがかゆいですか？」 (Doko ga kayuidesu ka? - Where is it itchy?). Doctors might ask, 「かゆみはいつからですか？」 (Kayumi wa itsukara desu ka? - Since when have you had the itchiness?). Over-the-counter medications for skin irritation are often labeled as かゆみ止め (kayumi dome - itch relief).
Everyday Life: After spending time outdoors, especially during warmer months, people often complain about insect bites causing かゆみ. For example, 「蚊に刺されて、かゆい！」 (Kamonisasa rete, kayui! - I was bitten by a mosquito, it's itchy!) or the noun form, 「腕にかゆみがある。」 (Ude ni kayumi ga aru - I have an itch on my arm.). Dry skin during winter can also lead to persistent かゆみ.
Product Descriptions: You'll see かゆみ mentioned in advertisements and descriptions for skincare products, lotions, creams, and insect repellent. These products are often marketed as solutions for かゆみ, promising relief and comfort. For example, a product might be advertised as 「肌の乾燥によるかゆみに効く」 (Hada no kansō ni yoru kayumi ni kiku - Effective for itchiness due to dry skin).
News and Media: While less common, health-related news segments or articles might discuss prevalence of certain skin conditions or seasonal allergies, mentioning かゆみ as a primary symptom.
Conversations about pets: If a pet is scratching excessively, owners might say, 「うちの犬はかゆがっているみたい。」 (Uchi no inu wa kayugatte iru mitai - It seems my dog is itching.) or discuss the pet's かゆみ.
The word かゆみ is a staple in discussions about skin health and comfort.
Learners of Japanese might make a few common mistakes when using or understanding かゆみ (kayumi). The most frequent error involves confusing the noun かゆみ with its adjective form, 痒い (kayui), or misapplying grammatical particles.
Confusing Noun and Adjective: The primary mistake is using かゆみ where the adjective 痒い (kayui) is needed, or vice versa. Remember, かゆみ is the 'itchiness' (a thing or sensation), while 痒い (kayui) is 'itchy' (a description of a state). For instance, saying 「かゆみがある」 (kayumi ga aru - there is itchiness) is correct, but saying 「かゆみがある肌」 (kayumi ga aru hada) when you mean 'itchy skin' is less natural than 「かゆい肌」 (kayui hada). Similarly, you wouldn't say 「かゆいを止める」 (kayui o yameru) to mean 'stop the itchiness'; you'd say 「かゆみを止める」 (kayumi o yameru).
Incorrect Particle Usage: While かゆみ often takes the particle が (ga) when it's the subject of the verb 'to exist' (e.g., 「かゆみがある」), learners might mistakenly use は (wa) in situations where が (ga) is more natural for highlighting the specific sensation. For example, when describing a particular symptom, 「かゆみがあります」 is more common than 「かゆみはあります」 unless you are contrasting it with other symptoms.
Overgeneralization: Sometimes learners might try to use かゆみ in contexts where a more specific word is needed. While かゆみ is a general term for itchiness, if the itch is caused by something very specific like a rash (発疹 - hasshin) or hives (蕁麻疹 - jinpashin), a doctor might use the more specific term for the condition itself, though かゆみ would still be the primary symptom described.
Pronunciation Issues: Though not strictly a grammatical mistake, mispronouncing the word can lead to misunderstanding. Ensure the 'yu' sound is clear and distinct. It's pronounced roughly as 'kah-yoo-mee'.
Using it as a verb: かゆみ is a noun and cannot be used as a verb. You cannot 'kayumi' something. You feel かゆみ or something causes かゆみ.
The distinction between 痒い (kayui) and かゆみ is crucial for accurate expression.
While かゆみ (kayumi) is the most common and direct term for 'itchiness', there are related words and expressions that convey similar sensations or describe the underlying causes. Understanding these nuances can enrich your Japanese vocabulary.
痒い (kayui): This is the adjective form of かゆみ, meaning 'itchy'. It's used to describe a state or a person/thing that is experiencing itchiness. For example, 「このセーターは痒い。」 (Kono sētā wa kayui - This sweater is itchy.) or 「蚊に刺されて痒い。」 (Kamonisasa rete kayui - I was bitten by a mosquito and it's itchy.)
かゆみ止め (kayumi dome): This is a compound word meaning 'itch relief' or 'anti-itch medicine'. It's a very practical term often used when seeking medication or treatment for itchiness. For example, 「かゆみ止めをください。」 (Kayumi dome o kudasai - Please give me some itch relief.)
むずがゆい (muzugayui): This is an adjective that describes a particular type of itchiness – one that is hard to pinpoint or scratch, often feeling deep under the skin or slightly ticklish and irritating. It's a more specific sensation than general 痒い (kayui). For example, 「腕の奥がかゆい」 (Ude no oku ga kayui - the inside of my arm is itchy) might be described as むずがゆい.
じんましん (jinpushin): This refers to 'hives' or 'urticaria', a medical condition characterized by raised, itchy welts on the skin. While hives cause かゆみ, じんましん is the name of the condition itself.
湿疹 (shisshin): This means 'eczema' or 'dermatitis', a more general term for skin inflammation that often causes itching (かゆみ), redness, and dryness. Again, this is the name of the condition, with かゆみ being the symptom.
かぶれ (kabure): This refers to a rash or skin irritation caused by contact with something, like poison ivy, certain metals, or chemicals. It typically results in かゆみ and redness.
かきむしる (kakimushiru): This is a verb meaning 'to scratch oneself raw' or 'to scratch vigorously'. It describes the action taken due to intense かゆみ. For example, 「かゆみでかきむしってしまった。」 (Kayumi de kakimushitte shimatta - I ended up scratching myself raw due to the itchiness.)
- Comparison Table
Word Part of Speech Meaning Usage Context かゆみ Noun Itchiness The sensation itself. 痒い Adjective Itchy Describing something as having the sensation. むずがゆい Adjective Itchy (hard to pinpoint, ticklish) A specific type of itch. かゆみ止め Noun (compound) Itch relief, anti-itch medicine Medication or treatment. かぶれ Noun Rash, skin irritation (contact) Cause of itchiness. じんましん Noun Hives Specific skin condition causing itchiness.
Choosing the right word depends on whether you are describing the sensation, the cause, or the action.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The kanji 痒 (kayu) itself depicts a person scratching their back, with the components possibly representing a hand (又) and a person (尢) or a disease/pain (疒). This visual representation strongly connects the character to the sensation of itching and the act of scratching.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'yu' as just 'u' (like in 'cup'). It should be a distinct 'yoo' sound.
- Making all syllables sound too similar, without clear stress on 'yu'.
- Adding an extra sound between 'ka' and 'yu', like 'ka-wa-yu-mi'.
سطح دشواری
CEFR B1 level. The word itself is common, but understanding its nuances in medical or idiomatic contexts might require more advanced vocabulary and grammar.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Using 〜て form to connect clauses (cause and effect)
蚊に刺されて、かゆいです。 (Kamonisasa rete, kayuidesu.) (I was bitten by a mosquito, and it's itchy.)
Using 〜になる to indicate a change of state
冬になると、肌がかゆくなります。 (Fuyu ni naru to, hada ga kayu ku narimasu.) (When winter comes, my skin becomes itchy.)
Using 〜ようだ/みたいだ for comparisons or assumptions
かゆくて、虫に刺されたようだ。 (Kayukute, mushi ni sasareta yō da.) (It's itchy, like I was bitten by an insect.)
Using 〜やすい/にくい to describe susceptibility
乾燥肌なので、かゆみやすい。 (Kansōhada nanode, kayuiyasui.) (Because I have dry skin, I tend to get itchy easily.)
Using 〜ないでください for polite requests (prohibitions)
かゆいところを掻きむしらないでください。 (Kayui tokoro o kakimushiranaide kudasai.) (Please do not scratch the itchy spots vigorously.)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
あせもで かゆいです。
Sweat rash makes me itchy.
あせも (asemō) - heat rash, かゆいです (kayuidesu) - it's itchy.
むしに さされた。
I was bitten by an insect.
むし (mushi) - insect, さされた (sasareta) - was bitten (passive form).
はだが かさかさする。
My skin is dry and rough.
はだ (hada) - skin, かさかさする (kasakasasuru) - to be dry and rough.
かゆいところは どこですか？
Where is the itchy place?
ところ (tokoro) - place, どこ (doko) - where.
かきむしらないで。
Don't scratch it so hard.
かきむしる (kakimushiru) - to scratch vigorously, 〜ないで (~naide) - please don't...
あつい！
It's hot!
あつい (atsui) - hot.
くすりを ぬります。
I will apply medicine.
くすり (kusuri) - medicine, ぬります (nurimasu) - to apply (liquid/cream).
ちょっと かゆい。
It's a little itchy.
ちょっと (chotto) - a little.
蚊に刺されて、腕が かゆい。
I was bitten by a mosquito, and my arm is itchy.
蚊 (ka) - mosquito, 刺されて (sasarete) - being bitten.
この石けんは 肌に 合わない。
This soap doesn't suit my skin.
石けん (sekken) - soap, 肌 (hada) - skin, 合わない (awanai) - doesn't suit/match.
アレルギーで 体中が かゆい。
My whole body is itchy due to allergies.
アレルギー (arerugī) - allergy, 体中 (karadajū) - whole body.
かゆみ止め の クリームを 買いました。
I bought an anti-itch cream.
かゆみ止め (kayumi dome) - itch relief, クリーム (kurīmu) - cream, 買いました (kaimashita) - bought.
冬になると 肌が乾燥して かゆくなる。
In winter, my skin gets dry and itchy.
冬 (fuyu) - winter, 乾燥して (kansō shite) - becoming dry, かゆくなる (kayuku naru) - to become itchy.
その服は チクチクして かゆい。
That clothing is scratchy and itchy.
服 (fuku) - clothes, チクチクして (chikuchiku shite) - being prickly/scratchy.
かゆくて 夜 よく 眠れませんでした。
I couldn't sleep well last night because of the itchiness.
かゆくて (kayukute) - because it's itchy, 眠れませんでした (nemuremasen deshita) - couldn't sleep.
かゆいところを 掻きすぎないで ください。
Please don't scratch the itchy spot too much.
掻きすぎないで (kakisuginaide) - don't scratch too much.
虫刺されによる かゆみを 抑える薬が 欲しいです。
I want medicine to relieve the itchiness caused by insect bites.
虫刺され (mushisasare) - insect bite, 〜による (~ni yoru) - caused by, 抑える (osaeru) - to suppress/relieve.
新しい化粧品が 肌に 合わなかったようで、顔に かゆみと 赤みが出ました。
It seems the new cosmetic didn't suit my skin, as itchiness and redness appeared on my face.
化粧品 (keshōhin) - cosmetic, 合わなかった (awanakatta) - did not suit, 赤み (akami) - redness.
この時期は 花粉症で 目や喉に かゆみを感じることが 多いです。
During this season, I often feel itchiness in my eyes and throat due to hay fever.
花粉症 (kafunshō) - hay fever, 目 (me) - eyes, 喉 (nodo) - throat, 感じる (kanjiru) - to feel.
乾燥肌なので、冬場は 特に かゆみが ひどくなります。
Because I have dry skin, the itchiness becomes severe, especially in winter.
乾燥肌 (kansōhada) - dry skin, 冬場 (fuyuba) - winter season, 特に (tokuni) - especially, ひどく (hidoku) - severely.
掻きむしると 跡が残るから、なるべく 掻かないように しています。
If I scratch too hard, scars will remain, so I try not to scratch as much as possible.
跡 (ato) - scar/mark, 残る (nokoru) - to remain, なるべく (narubeku) - as much as possible.
子供が 蕁麻疹で 体中を かゆがっている。
The child is itching all over their body due to hives.
蕁麻疹 (jinpushin) - hives, かゆがっている (kayugatte iru) - is itching (describing a state).
この湿布は かゆみを 鎮める 効果が ある。
This patch has the effect of calming the itchiness.
湿布 (shippu) - patch/poultice, 鎮める (shizumeru) - to calm/soothe, 効果 (kōka) - effect.
原因不明の かゆみが 続いている。
Unexplained itchiness is continuing.
原因不明 (gen'in fumei) - cause unknown, 続いている (tsuzuite iru) - is continuing.
アトピー性皮膚炎の 症状として、慢性的な かゆみと 皮膚の炎症が 挙げられます。
As symptoms of atopic dermatitis, chronic itchiness and skin inflammation are cited.
アトピー性皮膚炎 (atopī sei hifuen) - atopic dermatitis, 症状 (shōjō) - symptom, 慢性的な (manseiteki na) - chronic, 皮膚の炎症 (hifu no enshō) - skin inflammation, 挙げられます (ageraremasu) - can be cited/mentioned.
この塗り薬は、かゆみの原因となる ヒスタミンの 働きを 抑える。
This topical medicine suppresses the action of histamine, which causes itchiness.
塗り薬 (nurigusuri) - topical medicine, 原因となる (gen'in to naru) - to become the cause, ヒスタミン (hisutamin) - histamine, 働き (hataraki) - action/function.
夏の 蒸し暑い 日には、汗疹（あせも）による かゆみに 悩まされる 人が多い。
On hot and humid summer days, many people are troubled by itchiness due to heat rash.
蒸し暑い (mushiatsui) - hot and humid, 汗疹 (asemō) - heat rash, 悩まされる (nayamasareru) - to be troubled/bothered.
原因が 特定できない かゆみに対しては、専門医の 診断が 不可欠です。
For itchiness where the cause cannot be identified, a specialist's diagnosis is indispensable.
特定できない (tokutei dekinai) - cannot be identified, に対しては (ni taishite wa) - regarding/for, 専門医 (senmon'i) - specialist doctor, 診断 (shindan) - diagnosis, 不可欠 (fukaketsu) - indispensable.
長時間の 水仕事で 手荒れが 進み、ひどい かゆみを 伴う ことがある。
Due to prolonged dishwashing, hands become rough, which can be accompanied by severe itchiness.
長時間の (chōjikan no) - prolonged, 水仕事 (mizushigoto) - work involving water, 手荒れ (tearare) - rough hands, 進む (susumu) - to progress/advance, 伴う (tomonau) - to accompany.
過度な 掻痒感（かゆみ）は、皮膚の バリア機能を 低下させる 可能性がある。
Excessive itching can potentially lower the skin's barrier function.
過度な (kado na) - excessive, 掻痒感 (sōyōkan) - itching sensation (more formal term), 皮膚のバリア機能 (hifu no baria kinō) - skin barrier function, 低下させる (teikasaseru) - to lower/decrease.
このハーブは、古くから 鎮痒作用（ちんようさよう）があるとされ、かゆみを 和らげるのに 用いられてきた。
This herb has long been considered to have anti-itch properties and has been used to alleviate itchiness.
ハーブ (hābu) - herb, 古くから (furuku kara) - from ancient times, 鎮痒作用 (chinyō sayō) - anti-itch effect, 和らげる (yawarageru) - to soften/alleviate, 用いられてきた (mochiirarete kita) - has been used.
ストレスが 溜まると、しばしば 皮膚の かゆみとして 現れることがある。
When stress builds up, it can often manifest as skin itchiness.
ストレスが溜まる (sutoresu ga tamaru) - to accumulate stress, しばしば (shibashiba) - often, 現れる (arawareru) - to appear/manifest.
アレルギー反応における サイトカインの 分泌は、知覚神経を 刺激し、強烈な かゆみを 引き起こす。
The secretion of cytokines in an allergic reaction stimulates sensory nerves and causes intense itchiness.
アレルギー反応 (arerugī hannō) - allergic reaction, サイトカイン (saitokain) - cytokine, 分泌 (bunpitsu) - secretion, 知覚神経 (chikaku shinkei) - sensory nerve, 引き起こす (hikiokosu) - to cause/trigger.
掻破行動（そうはこうどう）は、かゆみという 刺激に対する 生理的な 反応であるが、過度な 掻破は 皮膚の 恒常性を 損なう。
Scratching behavior is a physiological response to the stimulus of itchiness, but excessive scratching impairs skin homeostasis.
掻破行動 (sōha kōdō) - scratching behavior, 刺激 (shigeki) - stimulus, 生理的な (seiriteki na) - physiological, 恒常性 (kōjōsei) - homeostasis, 損なう (sokonau) - to impair/damage.
神経因性掻痒（しんけいいんせいそうよう）は、中枢神経系または 末梢神経系の 異常に 起因する、難治性の かゆみである。
Neurogenic pruritus is a refractory itchiness caused by abnormalities in the central or peripheral nervous system.
神経因性掻痒 (shinkei'inseisōyō) - neurogenic pruritus, 中枢神経系 (chūsū shinkeikei) - central nervous system, 末梢神経系 (masshō shinkeikei) - peripheral nervous system, 異常 (ijō) - abnormality, 起因する (ki'insuru) - to originate from/be caused by, 難治性 (nanjisei) - refractory/difficult to treat.
皮膚の 乾燥が 進行すると、角質層の 保水能力が 低下し、かゆみを 感じやすくなる。
As skin dryness progresses, the water-retaining capacity of the stratum corneum decreases, making it more susceptible to itchiness.
角質層 (kakushitsusō) - stratum corneum, 保水能力 (hosui nōryoku) - water-retaining capacity, 感じやすくなる (kanjisugiku naru) - to become susceptible to feeling.
掻痒感の 緩和には、保湿剤の 塗布と、かゆみを 誘発する 要因の 回避が 重要となる。
For the alleviation of itching, applying moisturizers and avoiding factors that trigger itchiness are important.
緩和 (kanwa) - alleviation, 保湿剤 (hoshitsuzai) - moisturizer, 塗布 (tofu) - application, 誘発する (yūhatsu suru) - to induce/trigger, 要因 (yōin) - factor, 回避 (kaihi) - avoidance.
慢性的な かゆみは、患者の QOL（Quality of Life）を 大幅に 低下させる 深刻な 問題である。
Chronic itchiness is a serious problem that significantly lowers a patient's Quality of Life (QOL).
QOL (Quality of Life) - Quality of Life, 大幅に (ōhaba ni) - significantly, 深刻な (shinkoku na) - serious.
皮膚バリアの 破綻は、アレルゲンや 微生物の 侵入を 容易にし、炎症やかゆみを 加速させる。
Disruption of the skin barrier facilitates the invasion of allergens and microorganisms, accelerating inflammation and itchiness.
皮膚バリアの破綻 (hifu baria no hatan) - disruption of skin barrier, 微生物 (biseibutsu) - microorganism, 侵入 (shinnyū) - invasion, 加速させる (kasokusaseru) - to accelerate.
掻痒感の 持続は、睡眠障害や 精神的な 苦痛を 引き起こす ことがあり、包括的な ケアが 求められる。
The persistence of itching can cause sleep disturbances and psychological distress, requiring comprehensive care.
持続 (jizoku) - persistence, 睡眠障害 (suimin shōgai) - sleep disorder, 精神的な苦痛 (seishinteki na kutsū) - psychological distress, 包括的な (hōkatsuteki na) - comprehensive, ケア (kea) - care, 求められる (motomerareru) - is required/demanded.
掻痒受容体（そうようじゅようたい）の 分子メカニズムの 解明は、新たな 抗かゆみ薬 開発の 鍵となる。
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of itch receptors is key to developing new anti-itch drugs.
掻痒受容体 (sōyō juyōtai) - itch receptor, 分子メカニズム (bunshi mekanizumu) - molecular mechanism, 解明 (kaimei) - elucidation/clarification, 抗かゆみ薬 (anti-kayumi gusuri) - anti-itch medicine.
慢性掻痒症（まんせいそうようしょう）における 掻痒-掻破サイクル（そうよう-そうはサイクル）は、病態生理学的に 複雑な 要因が 絡み合っている。
The itch-scratch cycle in chronic pruritus involves complex pathogenetic factors.
慢性掻痒症 (mansei sōyōshō) - chronic pruritus, 掻痒-掻破サイクル (sōyō-sōha saikuru) - itch-scratch cycle, 病態生理学的に (byōtaiseirigakuteki ni) - pathogenetic/pathophysiologically, 絡み合っている (karamiatte iru) - are intertwined/intertwined.
掻痒感の 知覚は、末梢神経終末からの 信号伝達と、脳における 情報処理の 結果として 生じる。
The perception of itchiness arises as a result of signal transmission from peripheral nerve endings and information processing in the brain.
知覚 (chikaku) - perception, 末梢神経終末 (masshō shinkei shūmatsu) - peripheral nerve endings, 信号伝達 (shingō dentatsu) - signal transmission, 情報処理 (jōhō shori) - information processing, 結果として生じる (kekka toshite shōjiru) - arises as a result.
掻痒は、単なる 不快感に とどまらず、睡眠の質の低下や 精神的ストレスの 増大に 寄与する。
Itchiness is not merely discomfort but also contributes to decreased sleep quality and increased psychological stress.
単なる (tannaru) - mere/simply, 不快感 (fukaikan) - discomfort, 〜にとどまらず (~ni todomarazu) - not limited to, 寄与する (kiyosuru) - to contribute.
皮膚の 免疫応答における 炎症性サイトカインの 過剰な産生が、掻痒の 発現に 関与している。
The excessive production of inflammatory cytokines in the skin's immune response is involved in the manifestation of itchiness.
免疫応答 (men'eki ōtō) - immune response, 炎症性サイトカイン (enshōsei saitokain) - inflammatory cytokine, 過剰な産生 (kajō na sansei) - excessive production, 発現 (hatsugen) - manifestation/expression, 関与している (kan'yo shite iru) - is involved in.
掻痒の 機序（きじょ）は 多岐にわたり、神経学的、免疫学的、そして 心理学的 要因が 複合的に 作用する。
The mechanisms of itch are diverse, with neurological, immunological, and psychological factors acting in combination.
機序 (kijo) - mechanism, 多岐にわたり (taki ni watari) - diverse/wide-ranging, 神経学的 (shinkeigakuteki) - neurological, 免疫学的 (men'ekigakuteki) - immunological, 心理学的 (shinrigakuteki) - psychological, 複合的に (fukugōteki ni) - in combination/complexly, 作用する (sayō suru) - to act/work.
掻痒感の 慢性化は、掻痒閾値（そうようしきいち）の 低下や、掻痒増強（そうようぞうきょう）の 形成を 招く ことがある。
Chronicization of itching can lead to a lowering of the itch threshold and the formation of itch potentiation.
慢性化 (manseika) - chronicization, 掻痒閾値 (sōyō shikichi) - itch threshold, 掻痒増強 (sōyō zōkyō) - itch potentiation, 形成 (keisei) - formation, 招く (maneku) - to invite/cause.
掻痒の 治療戦略は、病因に 応じた 分子標的薬の 開発や、神経伝達の 調節に 重点を置いている。
Treatment strategies for itch focus on the development of molecularly targeted drugs according to the etiology and modulation of neurotransmission.
治療戦略 (chiryō senryaku) - treatment strategy, 病因 (byōin) - etiology, 分子標的薬 (bunshi hyōteki yaku) - molecularly targeted drug, 神経伝達 (shinkei dentatsu) - neurotransmission, 調節 (chōsetsu) - modulation, 重点を置いている (jūten o oite iru) - focuses on.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— It's itchy! This is a direct exclamation of the sensation.
あ！蚊に刺された！かゆい！ (A! Ka ni sasareta! Kayui!) (Ow! I was bitten by a mosquito! It's itchy!)
— I have an itch. This is a polite way to state the presence of itchiness.
先生、背中に かゆみがあります。 (Sensei, senaka ni kayumi ga arimasu.) (Doctor, I have an itch on my back.)
— The itchiness won't stop. Used when the sensation is persistent and bothersome.
この湿疹、かゆみが止まらないんだ。 (Kono shisshin, kayumi ga tomaranain da.) (This rash, the itchiness won't stop.)
— Please give me something for itchiness/an anti-itch medicine. A common request at pharmacies.
薬局で「かゆみ止めをください」と言った。 (Yakyoku de "Kayumi dome o kudasai" to itta.) (I said, "Please give me something for itchiness" at the pharmacy.)
— I can't sleep because of the itchiness. Expresses the impact of itchiness on daily life.
夜中、かゆくて眠れなかった。 (Yonaka, kayukute nemurenakatta.) (I couldn't sleep in the middle of the night because of the itchiness.)
— To scratch an itchy spot. Describes the action taken.
かゆいところを掻くのは気持ちいいけど、跡が残るからダメだ。 (Kayui tokoro o kaku no wa kimochi ii kedo, ato ga nokoru kara dame da.) (Scratching an itchy spot feels good, but it's bad because it leaves marks.)
— I wonder what the cause of the itchiness is? Expresses curiosity or concern about the origin of the itch.
急に体中にかゆみが出た。原因は何だろう？ (Kyū ni karadajū ni kayumi ga deta. Gen'in wa nan darō?) (Suddenly, my whole body became itchy. I wonder what the cause is?)
— There is itchiness and redness. Describes common co-occurring symptoms.
蚊に刺されたところが、かゆみと赤みがある。 (Kamonisasa reta tokoro ga, kayumi to akami ga aru.) (The area bitten by the mosquito has itchiness and redness.)
— To alleviate or soothe the itchiness. Refers to reducing the sensation.
冷たいタオルでかゆみを和らげた。 (Tsumetai taoru de kayumi o yawarage ta.) (I soothed the itchiness with a cold towel.)
— I don't like itching/being itchy. Expresses a personal dislike for the sensation.
虫刺されは治っても、かゆいのが苦手だから嫌だ。 (Mushisasare wa naotte mo, kayui no ga nigate dakara iya da.) (Even after insect bites heal, I hate them because I don't like itching.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
This is the adjective form, meaning 'itchy'. かゆみ is the noun form, meaning 'itchiness'. You say 'かゆみがある' (there is itchiness) or 'かゆい肌' (itchy skin).
This means 'painful'. While both are unpleasant sensations, 'かゆみ' is itchiness and '痛い' is pain. They are distinct feelings.
This is a more specific type of itchiness, often described as ticklish or hard to pinpoint, feeling deeper than a surface itch. かゆみ is the general term.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To scratch an itch in a hard-to-reach spot; to provide exactly what is needed or desired, often unexpectedly or perfectly.
この新しいアプリは、まさに かゆいところに手が届く機能が満載だ。 (Kono atarashii apuri wa, masa ni kayui tokoro ni te ga todoku kinō ga mansai da.) (This new app is packed with features that perfectly address what you need, exactly where you need it.)
General— Like being bitten by an itchy bug; used to describe a state of extreme restlessness, agitation, or anxiety, making it hard to sit still.
試験の結果が気になって、かゆい虫に刺されたようだった。 (Shiken no kekka ga ki ni natte, kayui mushi ni sasareta yō datta.) (I was so worried about the exam results that I was restless, like being bitten by an itchy bug.)
Informal— An itchy story; gossip or sensational news that people are eager to hear or spread.
あの芸能人のスキャンダルは、かゆい話として広まった。 (Ano geinōjin no sukyandaru wa, kayui hanashi toshite hiro-matta.) (That celebrity's scandal spread as juicy gossip.)
Informal— To be unable to scratch an itch in a hard-to-reach spot; to fail to provide what is needed or desired, or to be unable to do something effectively.
この説明書は分かりにくく、かゆいところに手が届かない。 (Kono setsumeisho wa wakarinikuku, kayui tokoro ni te ga todokanai.) (This instruction manual is difficult to understand and doesn't cover what's needed.)
General— To scratch an itchy spot vigorously; metaphorically, to dwell on a problem or grievance excessively, making it worse.
失敗のことでいつまでも かゆいところを掻きむしっているようでは、前に進めない。 (Shippai no koto de itsu made mo kayui tokoro o kakimushitte iru yō de wa, mae ni susumenai.) (If you keep dwelling on your failures like scratching an itchy spot, you can't move forward.)
General— Medicine to stop itching; a direct phrase referring to anti-itch medication.
薬局で かゆみ止めの薬を買った。 (Yakyoku de kayumi dome no kusuri o katta.) (I bought anti-itch medicine at the pharmacy.)
General— To make an itchy face; to look uncomfortable, anxious, or embarrassed, as if you have an itch you can't scratch.
質問されて、彼は かゆい顔をした。 (Shitsumon sarete, kare wa kayui kao o shita.) (When asked a question, he made an uncomfortable face.)
Informal— A seed of an itchy story; something that could lead to gossip or sensational news.
その噂は、かゆい話の種になりそうだ。 (Sono uwasa wa, kayui hanashi no tane ni narisō da.) (That rumor seems like it could be a seed for juicy gossip.)
Informal— A service that reaches the itchy spot; a service that is exceptionally helpful, anticipating needs perfectly.
このホテルのサービスは、かゆいところに手が届く。 (Kono hoteru no sābisu wa, kayui tokoro ni te ga todoku.) (The service at this hotel is excellent and anticipates every need.)
General— To scratch an itchy spot until it bleeds or is raw; to obsess over a problem or weakness, exacerbating it.
彼は自分の欠点をいつまでも かゆい所を掻きむしるように気にしている。 (Kare wa jibun no ketten o itsu made mo kayui tokoro o kakimushiru yō ni ki ni shite iru.) (He obsessively worries about his flaws, like scratching an itchy spot raw.)
Generalبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both words relate to the sensation of itching and are derived from the same root.
痒い (kayui) is an adjective meaning 'itchy', used to describe a state. かゆみ (kayumi) is a noun meaning 'itchiness', referring to the sensation itself. For example, you say '肌が痒い' (my skin is itchy) but '肌にかゆみがある' (my skin has itchiness).
このセーターは痒い。 (Kono sētā wa kayui.) このセーターはかゆみがある。 (Kono sētā wa kayumi ga aru.) - Less natural, better to use the adjective.
Both relate to skin irritation and often involve itching.
かぶれ (kabure) refers to a rash or skin irritation caused by external contact (like a chemical or plant). かゆみ (kayumi) is the sensation of itchiness that often accompanies かぶれ, but かゆみ can also have other causes (like dry skin or insect bites) and doesn't necessarily imply a rash.
洗剤で手が かぶれた。 (Senzai de te ga kabureta.) かぶれた手は かゆい。 (Kabu reta te wa kayui.)
Both refer to skin conditions that cause discomfort, often including itchiness.
湿疹 (shisshin) is a medical term for eczema or dermatitis, a type of skin inflammation that can cause redness, dryness, and itchiness. かゆみ (kayumi) is the symptom of itchiness itself, which can occur with or without 湿疹.
子供が 湿疹で かゆがっている。 (Kodomo ga shisshin de kayugatte iru.) 湿疹の主な症状は かゆみと赤みだ。 (Shisshin no omona shōjō wa kayumi to akami da.)
Similar to 湿疹, it's a skin condition that causes itchiness.
じんましん (jinpushin) specifically refers to hives or urticaria, characterized by raised, itchy welts. かゆみ (kayumi) is the sensation of itching that is a primary symptom of じんましん, but also occurs in many other situations.
突然、じんましんが出て、かゆみがひどい。 (Totsuzen, jinpushin ga dete, kayumi ga hidoi.)
Both mean itchiness.
掻痒 (sōyō) is a more formal, medical, or technical term for pruritus. かゆみ (kayumi) is the common, everyday word used in general conversation. While they mean the same thing, 掻痒 is rarely used outside of medical or scientific contexts.
患者は全身の掻痒を訴えた。 (Kanja wa zenshin no sōyō o uttaeta.) 蚊に刺されて、かゆい。 (Kamonisasa rete, kayui.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
〜が かゆい。
腕が かゆい。
〜で かゆい。
虫に刺されて かゆい。
〜に かゆみがあります。
足にかゆみがあります。
かゆみ + を + 止める/抑える。
かゆみを抑える薬。
かゆくて + 〜できない。
かゆくて眠れない。
〜による かゆみ。
乾燥によるかゆみ。
かゆみの 原因。
かゆみの原因を調べる。
〜が 原因で、かゆみ + が + 生じる。
アレルギーが原因で、かゆみが生じる。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Very High. Commonly used in everyday conversation and medical contexts.
-
Using かゆみ as an adjective.
→
Using 痒い (kayui) as an adjective.
Learners might say 'かゆい肌' (itchy skin) when they mean '肌にかゆみがある' (there is itchiness on the skin), or misuse 'かゆい' where 'かゆみ' is needed as a noun.
-
Confusing かゆみ with 痛み (itami - pain).
→
Distinguishing between itchiness and pain.
While both are unpleasant, they are different sensations. かゆみ is the urge to scratch, while 痛み is actual pain. For example, '蚊に刺されてかゆい' (bitten by a mosquito and it's itchy) vs. '怪我をして痛い' (injured and it hurts).
-
Incorrect particle usage with かゆみ.
→
Using appropriate particles like 'が' or 'を'.
Commonly, 'かゆみがあります' (kayumi ga arimasu) is used. Using 'は' instead of 'が' might sound less natural in many contexts. For actions taken on the itchiness, 'を' is used, e.g., 'かゆみを抑える' (to suppress the itchiness).
-
Using かゆみ to describe the cause of the itch.
→
Using words for the cause, like 虫刺され (insect bite) or 乾燥 (dryness), and stating that it causes かゆみ.
For example, instead of saying 'かゆみで蚊に刺された' (I was bitten by a mosquito due to itchiness), say '蚊に刺されてかゆい' (I was bitten by a mosquito and it's itchy) or '虫刺されによるかゆみ' (itchiness due to insect bites).
-
Overusing the adjective 痒い (kayui) when the noun かゆみ is more appropriate.
→
Using かゆみ as a noun when referring to the sensation itself.
For instance, when talking about seeking treatment, 'かゆみ止め' (itch relief) is a noun phrase, rather than trying to form a phrase with the adjective '痒い' in a noun-like role.
نکات
Noun vs. Adjective
Remember that かゆみ is a noun (itchiness), while 痒い is an adjective (itchy). Use かゆみ when it functions as a subject or object, and 痒い to describe something directly. For example, 'かゆみがある' (there is itchiness) vs. 'かゆい肌' (itchy skin).
Clear 'Yu' Sound
Ensure the 'yu' sound in 'ka-yu-mi' is clear and distinct, not just a simple 'u'. This helps native speakers understand you better.
Polite Expressions
When speaking to doctors or in formal situations, use 'かゆみがあります' (kayumi ga arimasu) or 'かゆみを訴えています' (kayumi o uttaete imasu - I am complaining of itchiness).
Connect to Actions
Think of the action of scratching when you hear 'かゆみ'. This physical connection can help you remember the meaning and its context.
Idiomatic Use
Be aware of the idiom 'かゆいところに手が届く' (kayui tokoro ni te ga todoku), which means providing exactly what's needed. It's a common expression showcasing the metaphorical use of 'itchiness'.
Medical Terminology
For more formal or medical contexts, you might encounter 掻痒 (sōyō) or 掻痒感 (sōyōkan), which are technical terms for pruritus.
Sentence Building
Practice creating sentences using かゆみ with different particles and verbs (e.g., かゆみがある, かゆみを抑える, かゆみで眠れない).
Distinguish from Pain
Remember that かゆみ (itchiness) is different from 痛み (itami - pain). They are distinct sensations, though sometimes related to the same injury or condition.
Use Kanji Appropriately
While かゆみ is common, the kanji 痒み is often seen in medical texts or formal writing. Using the hiragana version is safe for general use.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a person named 'Kay' who is always scratching her head because she has a terrible itch. 'Kay-umi' sounds like 'Kay's itch'. Or, think of 'Yumi' (a Japanese name) who is always complaining about 'ka-ka-ka-yumi' (like a cat scratching) because she feels itchy.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a mosquito biting someone's arm, and the person is vigorously scratching the red, raised bump. The visual of intense scratching directly relates to the word 'かゆみ'. Another image could be a dry, cracked desert landscape, symbolizing dry skin leading to itchiness.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to describe three different situations where you might feel かゆみ (kayumi) in Japanese. For example, 'I have an itch on my back after a long hike,' or 'My new sweater is making me itchy.'
ریشه کلمه
The word かゆみ (kayumi) originates from the Japanese verb 痒い (kayui), which means 'to be itchy'. The noun form 'kayumi' was derived from this adjective/verb.
معنای اصلی: The core meaning relates to the sensation of itchiness.
Japonic languagesبافت فرهنگی
Discussing itchiness is generally not considered sensitive, unless it is related to a very personal or severe medical condition. In everyday conversation, it's a common topic when talking about health or physical discomfort.
In English-speaking cultures, 'itchiness' is the direct equivalent. We also use terms like 'pruritus' in medical settings. The phrase 'itchy feet' refers to a desire to travel, showing a metaphorical use similar to some Japanese idioms.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Visiting a doctor or clinic for a skin issue.
- かゆみがあります。
- かゆみが止まりません。
- いつからかゆいですか？
- かゆみ止めをください。
Discussing the effects of weather or environment on skin.
- 冬は乾燥してかゆくなる。
- 夏の蒸し暑さで汗疹ができた。
- 日焼けで肌がかゆい。
Shopping for skincare or medicinal products.
- かゆみ用のクリームを探しています。
- これはかゆみに効きますか？
- かゆみ止めはありますか？
Talking about insect bites or stings.
- 蚊に刺された。
- 虫刺されでかゆい。
- 蜂に刺された跡がかゆい。
Describing personal discomfort or symptoms.
- この服、チクチクしてかゆい。
- アレルギーで体中がかゆい。
- かゆくて眠れない夜があった。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"最近、肌の調子はどうですか？ かゆいところはありますか？"
"夏になると、蚊に刺されてかゆくなることが多いのですが、何か良い対策はありますか？"
"この時期、乾燥で肌がかゆくなることがあるのですが、おすすめの保湿剤はありますか？"
"急に体中がかゆくなったのですが、何かのサインでしょうか？"
"旅行先で、今まで経験したことのないようなかゆみに襲われたことがありますか？"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a time you experienced significant かゆみ (itchiness). What caused it, how intense was it, and what did you do to alleviate it?
Imagine you are a doctor. A patient comes in complaining of severe かゆみ. What questions would you ask to diagnose the cause?
Write a short story where the main character's life is significantly affected by persistent かゆみ. How do they cope?
Compare and contrast the feeling of physical かゆみ with emotional discomfort or anxiety. Are there any similarities in how they manifest or how we try to 'scratch' them?
Research a common cause of かゆみ in Japan (e.g., mosquito bites, specific plant allergies) and write a short report in Japanese about it, using the word かゆみ.
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe main difference is their part of speech. かゆみ (kayumi) is a noun meaning 'itchiness' (the sensation itself). 痒い (kayui) is an adjective meaning 'itchy' (describing something that has the sensation). You would say 'かゆみがあります' (I have itchiness) or '肌が痒いです' (My skin is itchy).
Use かゆみ (kayumi) when referring to itchiness as a noun, like 'the itchiness is severe' (かゆみがひどい) or 'itch relief' (かゆみ止め). Use 痒い (kayui) when describing something as itchy, like 'an itchy mosquito bite' (かゆい蚊刺され) or 'my back is itchy' (背中が痒い).
While かゆみ is the general term, Japanese has more specific words for certain types of itchiness. For example, むずがゆい (muzugayui) describes a ticklish or hard-to-pinpoint itch. Also, the context often implies the type, such as かゆみ from 虫刺され (insect bites) or 乾燥 (dryness).
You can say 'かゆみ止めクリーム' (kayumi dome cream) or simply 'かゆみ止め' (kayumi dome), which means 'itch relief' and can refer to medicine or cream.
Yes, かゆみ is a very common and frequently used word in Japanese. It's a fundamental term for describing a common physical sensation, used in everyday conversations, medical settings, and product descriptions.
Yes, the related idiom 'かゆいところに手が届く' (kayui tokoro ni te ga todoku) means to provide exactly what is needed, like scratching an itch in a hard-to-reach spot. This shows how the concept of 'itchiness' can be extended metaphorically to needs and solutions.
かゆみ (kayumi) refers to itchiness, while 痛み (itami) refers to pain. They are distinct sensations. You might have both from an injury, but they are different feelings.
You can say '背中にかゆみがあります' (Senaka ni kayumi ga arimasu) or more casually '背中がかゆいです' (Senaka ga kayuidesu).
'かゆみ止め' (kayumi dome) literally translates to 'itch stopper' or 'itch reliever'. It refers to any medicine, cream, or treatment designed to alleviate itchiness.
かゆみ itself is a symptom, not usually a serious condition on its own. However, persistent or severe かゆみ can be a sign of an underlying medical issue that needs attention. It can also significantly impact quality of life, affecting sleep and causing distress.
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Summary
かゆみ (kayumi) is the Japanese word for 'itchiness,' a common and uncomfortable sensation on the skin that makes you want to scratch. It's a noun used to describe this feeling, often in contexts like insect bites, dry skin, or allergic reactions. Understanding it is key to discussing skin discomfort.
- かゆみ (kayumi) means itchiness.
- It's the sensation causing the urge to scratch.
- Used for insect bites, dry skin, allergies.
- Noun form related to the adjective 痒い (kayui).
Noun vs. Adjective
Remember that かゆみ is a noun (itchiness), while 痒い is an adjective (itchy). Use かゆみ when it functions as a subject or object, and 痒い to describe something directly. For example, 'かゆみがある' (there is itchiness) vs. 'かゆい肌' (itchy skin).
Context is Key
While かゆみ is general, understanding the context (e.g., 虫刺され - insect bite, 乾燥 - dryness) helps you use it more precisely and understand others better.
Clear 'Yu' Sound
Ensure the 'yu' sound in 'ka-yu-mi' is clear and distinct, not just a simple 'u'. This helps native speakers understand you better.
Polite Expressions
When speaking to doctors or in formal situations, use 'かゆみがあります' (kayumi ga arimasu) or 'かゆみを訴えています' (kayumi o uttaete imasu - I am complaining of itchiness).
مثال
虫刺されで腕にかゆみがある。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر health
しばらく
B1برای مدتی، برای چند وقت.
異変がある
B1تغییر غیرعادی یا ناهنجاری وجود دارد. چیزی درست نیست. (وضعیت غیرطبیعی وجود دارد.)
異常な
B1غیرعادی؛ ناهنجار. چیزی را توصیف می کند که از حالت عادی خارج است.
擦り傷
B1یک خراشیدگی یا ساییدگی جزئی روی پوست. معمولاً در اثر مالیده شدن پوست به یک سطح زبر ایجاد میشود.
吸収する
B1اسفنج آب را جذب میکند.
禁酒
B1پرهیز از الکل. 'او برای سلامتی خود تصمیم به ترک الکل (kinshu) گرفت.'
痛む
A2to hurt; to ache
鍼灸
B1طب سوزنی و موکسیباسیون درمانهای سنتی ژاپنی برای بهبود سلامتی هستند.
急性的
B1به معنی 'حاد'. برای توصیف بیماری یا بحرانی که به طور ناگهانی و با شدت ظاهر میشود، استفاده میشود.
急性な
B1Acute
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