این صفحه به زبان شما

English

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 verb #7,000 پرکاربردترین 10 دقیقه مطالعه

早退する

sou tai suru رتبه 7,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 早退する در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 早退する in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are just starting to learn Japanese. You might not use 'soutai suru' yourself yet, but you should recognize it as a word for 'leaving.' Think of it as 'Early + Exit.' In simple terms, if school ends at 3:00 and you leave at 1:00, that is 'soutai.' You can remember it as a special version of 'kaeru' (to go home). At this stage, just focus on the basic meaning: leaving a place before the usual time because of a reason like a cold (kaze) or a doctor (byōin). You might see it on a classroom schedule or hear a teacher say it about a classmate who isn't there anymore. It's a 'suru' verb, so it follows the same pattern as 'benkyō suru' or 'kōnyū suru.' Even if you can't use the complex grammar yet, knowing that 'sou' means 'early' will help you with many other Japanese words later on.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the A2 level, you can begin to use 'soutai suru' in basic sentences. You should understand that it is more formal than 'hayaku kaeru.' You will likely use it when talking to a teacher or a boss. A common pattern you can learn is '[Reason] de soutai shimasu.' For example, 'Kaze de soutai shimasu' (I will leave early because of a cold). You should also be aware of the noun form, 'soutai.' If you see a sign that says 'Soutai-todoke,' you should know it's a form you need to fill out to leave early. At this level, you are learning how to navigate daily life in Japan, and being able to tell someone you need to leave early is a very practical skill. Remember to use 'masu' to be polite, as leaving early is something that usually requires a polite explanation.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, you are expected to use 'soutai suru' correctly in professional and social settings. This includes using the correct particles, like 'o' for the place you are leaving ('gakkō o soutai suru'). You should also start using more polite constructions when asking for permission, such as 'soutai shite mo ii desu ka?' or the more formal 'soutai sasete itadakemasen ka?' You should understand the nuance that 'soutai' is an administrative term. If you are writing an email to your manager, 'soutai' is the correct word to use. You should also be able to distinguish 'soutai' from similar words like 'chikoku' (late) and 'kesseki' (absent). B1 learners should be comfortable explaining the reason for their early departure using 'node' or 'kara' to provide context, showing they understand the social importance of justifying an early exit in Japanese culture.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of 'soutai suru' and its place within Japanese work culture. You understand that 'soutai' isn't just an action but often involves a formal process. You can use it in complex sentences, such as 'Kyūyō ga dekita tame, yamu o ezu soutai suru koto ni natta' (Due to urgent business, I had no choice but to leave early). You are also familiar with related business terms like 'hankyū' (half-day off) and how they differ from 'soutai.' For instance, a 'soutai' might be unplanned and due to illness, whereas 'hankyū' is often scheduled in advance. You can participate in discussions about company policy regarding 'soutai' and understand announcements about 'soutai meirei' during emergencies like typhoons. Your use of the word reflects an awareness of the 'Hō-Ren-Sō' communication style required in Japanese organizations.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, you use 'soutai suru' with the same precision as a native speaker. You understand the subtle social implications of 'soutai'—for example, how frequently leaving early might affect one's reputation in a traditional firm, or how the term is used in legal or official labor documents. You can use the word in formal writing, such as 'soutai-sha sū' (number of people who left early) in an attendance report. You are also aware of idiomatic or high-level expressions that might replace 'soutai' in specific contexts, such as 'chūza suru' for leaving a formal banquet or 'saki ni shitsurei suru' in a highly polite workplace. You can interpret the tone of someone saying they need to 'soutai'—whether they are truly apologetic or simply following procedure. Your mastery includes the ability to discuss the ethics and practicalities of 'soutai' in the context of modern 'Work-Life Balance' (wāku raifu baransu) trends in Japan.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, your command of 'soutai suru' is absolute. You can analyze the word's etymology and its historical development within the Japanese industrial and educational systems. You are capable of drafting official company policies regarding attendance that include 'soutai' regulations. You understand the legal distinctions between 'soutai' and other forms of work-time reduction under the Labor Standards Act. In literature or high-level discourse, you can identify when 'soutai' is used metaphorically or to make a social point about the rigidity of Japanese society. You can navigate the most complex social situations involving an early departure, using the full range of keigo (honorifics) to ensure your 'soutai' is perceived with the exact intended level of professionalism and respect. You are also familiar with regional variations or industry-specific jargon that might overlap with the concept of leaving early.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

早退する در ۳۰ ثانیه

Soutai suru means to leave work or school earlier than scheduled.
It is a formal term used in professional and academic settings.
Common reasons include illness, appointments, or urgent family matters.
It is usually paired with the particle 'o' for the place or 'de' for the reason.

The Japanese verb 早退する (soutai suru) is a fundamental term used in professional and educational environments to describe the act of leaving before the scheduled or official ending time. Composed of two kanji—早 (hayai/sou) meaning 'early' and 退 (shirizoku/tai) meaning 'retreat' or 'withdraw'—the word literally translates to 'early retreat.' In a culture that places significant emphasis on presence and punctuality, using this word correctly involves understanding not just the action, but the social etiquette surrounding it. When you use soutai suru, you are indicating that you are departing from your workplace, school, or a formal gathering earlier than the time originally agreed upon or expected by the group.

Grammatical Category: Suru-verb (Group 3). It functions as a noun (早退) and can be turned into a verb by adding 'suru'.

This term is most commonly applied when an individual needs to leave due to personal reasons such as illness, family emergencies, or urgent appointments. It is rarely used for leaving early simply because the work is finished; in that case, phrases like 'saki ni shitsurei shimasu' are more appropriate. In a Japanese office, soutai is a formal procedure that usually requires notification to a superior. It is distinct from chikoku (arriving late) and kesseki (absence). Understanding the nuance of soutai suru helps learners navigate the delicate balance of Japanese social obligations.

体調が悪いので、今日は早退します。(Taichō ga warui node, kyō wa soutai shimasu.) - Since I don't feel well, I will leave early today.

The word carries a weight of responsibility. Because Japanese work culture often values 'zangyo' (overtime), leaving early is seen as an exception to the norm. Therefore, the word is frequently accompanied by an apology or a specific reason. For instance, if a student has a fever, the teacher will record it as soutai. If an employee has a dentist appointment, they might request to soutai suru at 4:00 PM. It is a neutral but formal word, suitable for use with bosses, teachers, and colleagues.

Typical Scenarios: Leaving work for a child's school event, departing a meeting early to catch a flight, or leaving school due to a sudden headache.

部長に許可をもらって早退した。(Buchō ni kyoka o moratte soutai shita.) - I got permission from the manager and left early.

Beyond the office, soutai suru is used in any structured environment. If you are at a wedding reception but must catch the last train before the party ends, you might tell the host you need to soutai. However, in very casual settings like a dinner with friends, people usually just say 'saki ni kaeru' (I'm going home first) rather than the more formal soutai suru. This distinction is vital for B1 learners who are transitioning from textbook Japanese to natural, context-aware communication.

彼は急用で会議を早退しました。(Kare wa kyūyō de kaigi o soutai shimashita.) - He left the meeting early due to urgent business.

Using 早退する effectively requires understanding its interaction with particles and auxiliary verbs. The most common particle used with soutai suru is を (o), which marks the place or event being left early. For example, 'shigoto o soutai suru' (to leave work early) or 'gakkō o soutai suru' (to leave school early). Another common pattern is using the particle で (de) to specify the reason for leaving, such as 'kaze de soutai suru' (to leave early due to a cold).

Sentence Structure: [Subject] は [Reason] で [Place/Event] を早退する。

When you are the one leaving, you will often use the polite -masu form or the potential form to ask for permission. In a workplace, simply stating 'I will leave early' can sound abrupt. Instead, speakers use 'soutai sasete itadakimasu' (I will take the liberty of leaving early) or 'soutai shitai no desu ga...' (I would like to leave early, but...). This softens the statement and acknowledges the potential inconvenience to others.

病院へ行くために、3時に早退させてください。(Byōin e iku tame ni, san-ji ni soutai sasete kudasai.) - Please let me leave early at 3:00 to go to the hospital.

In school contexts, parents often write notes to teachers. A typical note might read: 'Kyō wa kaze-gimi na node, gozen-chū de soutai sasemasu' (Since he has a slight cold today, I will have him leave early in the morning). Notice the use of the causative form sasemasu here, which indicates the parent is directing the action. For a student speaking directly to a teacher, 'Soutai shite mo ii desu ka?' is a standard way to ask permission.

彼は昨日、気分が悪くなって早退したそうです。(Kare wa kinō, kibun ga waruku natte soutai shita sō desu.) - I heard he left early yesterday because he felt unwell.

The word also appears in passive forms occasionally, though less frequently. For example, 'Soutai saserareta' (I was made to leave early), perhaps due to a company-wide emergency or a building closure. However, 95% of the time, you will encounter the active soutai suru or the noun form soutai. It is also important to note the time particles. If you specify a time, use ni (at 3:00) or kara (from 3:00). If you specify a duration, use no particle or kan (for 2 hours).

家の用事で1時間早退します。(Ie no yōji de ichi-jikan soutai shimasu.) - I will leave early by one hour for family business.

In Japan, 早退する is a word you will hear almost daily in any organizational setting. In the workplace, it is part of the 'Hō-Ren-Sō' (Report, Contact, Consult) culture. If a colleague's desk is empty by 4:00 PM, someone might ask, 'Tanaka-san wa?' and the reply would be 'Soutai shimashita' (He left early). It is the standard term used in attendance management software and time cards. When employees log their hours, there is usually a specific button or column labeled 早退.

In Japanese schools, from elementary through university, soutai is one of the three main attendance categories alongside shusseki (attendance) and kesseki (absence). During the morning roll call, if a student needs to leave after lunch for a doctor's appointment, they (or their parents) must inform the teacher that they will soutai. In anime or dramas set in schools, you might hear a character say 'Soutai shite deito ni iku' (I'll leave early to go on a date), though this is usually portrayed as rebellious behavior.

「今日は子供が熱を出したので、早退させていただけますか？」(Kyō wa kodomo ga netsu o dashita node, soutai sasete itadakemasu ka?) - "My child has a fever today, so could I please leave early?"

Cultural Context: In Japan, leaving early often requires a 'Soutai-todoke' (Early Departure Form). Even if you have finished your work, leaving before your boss is traditionally frowned upon, making 'soutai' a significant action.

You will also encounter this word in news reports or weather advisories. During a heavy typhoon or a massive snowstorm, companies might issue a 'Soutai meirei' (Order to leave early) to ensure employees can get home safely before public transportation stops. In this context, the word takes on a tone of safety and crisis management. It is also used in sports; if a player is injured during a game and has to go to the hospital, the announcer might say they 'soutai' from the venue.

台風が近づいているので、全社員に早退の指示が出た。(Taifū ga chikazuite iru node, zen-shain ni soutai no shiji ga deta.) - Because a typhoon is approaching, an instruction to leave early was issued to all employees.

Finally, in the world of professional seminars or workshops, if a participant has to leave before the Q&A session, they might tell the organizer, 'Sumimasen, tsugi no yotei ga aru node soutai shimasu' (Sorry, I have another appointment so I'll be leaving early). In all these cases, soutai suru acts as a polite, clear, and professional way to signal a departure from the group's shared timeline.

One of the most common mistakes English speakers make when using 早退する is confusing it with the simple verb kaeru (to return home). While you are indeed going home, soutai suru specifically highlights that you are leaving before you are supposed to. If it is 6:00 PM and that is your official end time, you should say 'kaerimasu.' If it is 4:00 PM and you usually work until 6:00 PM, you say 'soutai shimasu.' Using soutai when it's already time to go sounds very strange to Japanese ears.

Mistake 1: Confusing with 'Kaeru': Saying 'Soutai shimasu' at the normal closing time. Correct: 'Kaerimasu' or 'Osaki ni shitsurei shimasu'.

Another frequent error is the confusion between soutai and chikoku (late arrival). While they both relate to time management, they are opposites. Chikoku is about the start time, soutai is about the end time. Some learners also confuse soutai with kesseki (absence). If you go to work in the morning but leave at noon, you have soutai-ed. If you never showed up at all, you have kesseki-ed. Mislabeling these on a formal form can lead to administrative confusion.

❌ 授業に早退しました。(I was late for class - WRONG usage).
✅ 授業に遅刻しました。(I was late for class - CORRECT).

Learners also struggle with the politeness levels. Saying 'Soutai suru wa' to a boss is too casual. In a professional setting, you must use the 'sasete itadaku' construction. Also, remember that soutai is a noun that needs suru to become a verb. You cannot say 'Soutai desu' to mean 'I will leave early'; you should say 'Soutai shimasu.' However, you can say 'Soutai no riyū' (Reason for leaving early).

❌ 5時に早退を帰ります。(I will go early at 5 - WRONG grammar).
✅ 5時に早退します。(I will leave early at 5 - CORRECT).

Finally, be careful with the kanji. Soutai (早退) is sometimes confused with Sōtai (相対 - relative/confrontation) or Sōtai (総体 - whole). While they sound similar, the context of leaving a place usually makes the meaning clear. However, in writing, ensure you use the kanji for 'early' and 'retreat' to avoid looking unprofessional in emails.

To truly master 早退する, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. The most direct alternative is hayaku kaeru (早く帰る). While soutai suru is formal and often used in official contexts, hayaku kaeru is conversational. You would use the former in a report to your manager and the latter when telling a friend why you can't hang out late.

Comparison: Soutai vs. Hayaku Kaeru: 早退する: Formal, administrative, implies leaving before a fixed schedule.
早く帰る: General, informal, simply means going home at an early hour.

Another related term is taikin suru (退勤する), which means 'to clock out' or 'to leave work.' If you leave at your regular time, you taikin. If you leave before that time, you soutai. In a sense, soutai is a specific type of taikin. Then there is nukeru (抜ける), which means 'to slip out' or 'to leave a group/meeting temporarily.' If you leave a meeting for 10 minutes to take a call, you nukeru. If you leave the meeting and go home for the day, you soutai.

「ちょっと用事で抜けます」 vs 「今日は早退します」

In school contexts, you might hear hikaeri (日帰り), though this usually refers to a day trip. More relevant is kekkan (欠課), which means skipping a specific class period. If a student attends the first three periods but leaves before the fourth, they have soutai-ed from school, resulting in a kekkan for that specific class. This level of technicality is common in Japanese academic record-keeping.

Other Related Terms

中座する (Chūza suru): To leave in the middle of a meeting or banquet.
直帰する (Chokki suru): To go straight home from a client site without returning to the office.
半休 (Hankyū): Taking a half-day off.

午後は半休を取って、2時に早退した。(I took a half-day in the afternoon and left early at 2:00.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

While 'soutai' is very common now, in the past, leaving early was often referred to as 'hayabike' (早引け). 'Soutai' became the standard academic and professional term because it sounds more official.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /səʊtaɪ sʊruː/

US /soʊtaɪ sʊru/

Flat pitch (Heiban) or initial stress depending on the regional dialect, but generally pronounced with relatively even emphasis on 'SOU-TAI'.

هم‌قافیه با

Koutai (交代 - change) Joutai (状態 - state) Houtai (包帯 - bandage) Toutai (淘汰 - selection) Kaitai (解体 - demolition) Seitai (生態 - ecology) Meitai (明朝体 - Mincho font) Keitai (携帯 - mobile)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'sou' as 'sue'. It should be a long 'o'.
Pronouncing 'tai' as 'tay'. It should rhyme with 'sky'.
Mixing up with 'soutai' (relativity), which has a different pitch accent.
Saying 'soutai suru' too fast, making it sound like 'sotai'.
Forgetting the 'u' at the end of 'suru'.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 3/5

Kanji are common but need to be distinguished from similar-looking ones.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing the kanji '退' can be tricky for beginners.

صحبت کردن 2/5

Pronunciation is straightforward.

گوش دادن 2/5

Easy to hear in office/school contexts.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

早い (Hayai) 退く (Shirizoku) 帰る (Kaeru) 学校 (Gakkō) 会社 (Kaisha)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

遅刻 (Chikoku) 欠席 (Kesseki) 有給休暇 (Yūkyū kyūka) 残業 (Zangyō) 退勤 (Taikin)

پیشرفته

中座 (Chūza) 直帰 (Chokki) 忌引き (Kibiki) 育児休暇 (Ikuji kyūka) 裁量労働制 (Sairyō rōdōsei)

گرامر لازم

Suru-verbs

早退する、勉強する、掃除する

Giving reasons with 〜ので

頭が痛いので、早退します。

Asking permission with 〜てもいいですか

早退してもいいですか。

Causative-Humble 〜させていただきます

早退させていただきます。

Noun modification with verbs

早退した理由を教えてください。

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

きょうは早くかえります。そうたいします。

I will go home early today. I will leave early.

Simple present tense polite form.

びょういんにいきますから、そうたいします。

I'm going to the hospital, so I'll leave early.

Using 'kara' for reason.

たなかさんはそうたいしました。

Tanaka-san left early.

Past tense polite form.

そうたいしてもいいですか。

May I leave early?

Asking permission with '-te mo ii desu ka'.

かぜでそうたいします。

I'm leaving early because of a cold.

Using 'de' to indicate cause/reason.

ごごからそうたいします。

I will leave early from the afternoon.

Using 'kara' for starting time.

せんせい、そうたいします。さようなら。

Teacher, I'm leaving early. Goodbye.

Direct address in a school setting.

きょうは 2じにそうたいします。

I will leave early at 2:00 today.

Using 'ni' for specific time.

頭が痛いので、早退してもいいですか。

My head hurts, so may I leave early?

Using 'node' for a polite reason.

母が病気なので、今日は早退します。

My mother is sick, so I will leave early today.

Stating a family reason.

彼は用事があって、3時に早退しました。

He had some business and left early at 3:00.

Past tense reporting.

早退するときは、先生に言ってください。

When you leave early, please tell the teacher.

Using 'toki' (when).

昨日は気分が悪くて、早退しました。

I felt unwell yesterday, so I left early.

Te-form for cause ('warukute').

会議を早退して、病院へ行きました。

I left the meeting early and went to the hospital.

Object marker 'o' with the event.

今日は早く帰らなければならないので、早退します。

I have to go home early today, so I'll be leaving early.

Using 'nakereba naranai' (must).

早退の理由を教えてください。

Please tell me the reason for leaving early.

Noun form 'soutai' with 'no'.

急用ができたので、1時間ほど早退させていただけますか。

Something urgent came up; could I please leave about an hour early?

Humble request 'sasete itadakemasu ka'.

子供の迎えがあるため、本日は早退させていただきます。

Because I have to pick up my child, I will leave early today.

Formal reason using 'tame'.

体調が優れないので、お先に早退させていただきます。

I'm not feeling well, so I'll be leaving early.

Polite phrase 'osaki ni'.

彼は午後の授業をすべて早退したそうです。

I heard he left all of the afternoon classes early.

Reporting hearsay with 'sō desu'.

早退届を提出してから帰ってください。

Please submit the early departure notice before going home.

Using 'te kara' (after doing).

役所へ行く必要があるので、4時に早退する予定です。

I need to go to the ward office, so I plan to leave early at 4:00.

Expressing plans with 'yotei desu'.

台風の影響で、今日は全員早退することになりました。

Due to the typhoon, it was decided that everyone will leave early today.

Decided outcome 'koto ni naru'.

もし早退するなら、事前に連絡してください。

If you are going to leave early, please contact me in advance.

Conditional 'nara'.

プロジェクトの締め切りが近いですが、私用で早退せざるを得ません。

The project deadline is close, but I have no choice but to leave early for personal reasons.

Using 'sezaru o enai' (no choice but to).

冠婚葬祭などのやむを得ない事情で早退する場合、欠勤にはなりません。

If you leave early due to unavoidable circumstances such as a wedding or funeral, it won't count as an absence.

Formal conditional 'baai'.

彼は体調不良を理由に早退を繰り返している。

He is repeatedly leaving early citing poor health as the reason.

Citing a reason with 'o riyū ni'.

本日のセミナーは、中座あるいは早退される方は受付にお申し出ください。

For today's seminar, those who will be departing mid-way or leaving early, please notify the reception.

Honorific 'sareru' and 'mōshideru'.

無理をして働き続けるより、早退して休養を取るべきだ。

Rather than forcing yourself to keep working, you should leave early and get some rest.

Giving advice with 'beki da'.

早退した分の時間は、後日残業で調整することにした。

I decided to adjust the time I left early by doing overtime at a later date.

Noun modification 'soutai shita bun'.

突然の停電により、業務の継続が困難となり、全員早退の指示が出た。

Due to a sudden power outage, continuing work became difficult, and an instruction for everyone to leave early was issued.

Formal 'ni yori' (due to).

早退の許可を求めるメールを上司に送った。

I sent an email to my boss asking for permission to leave early.

Seeking permission 'kyoka o motomeru'.

労働基準法に基づき、早退による賃金カットの範囲を検討する。

Based on the Labor Standards Act, we will examine the scope of wage cuts due to early departure.

Formal 'ni motozuki' (based on).

有給休暇を時間単位で取得し、早退扱いにしないよう配慮した。

I took paid leave in hourly units and made sure it wasn't treated as an early departure.

Using 'yō hairyo shita' (took care to).

震災時の帰宅困難を避けるため、一斉早退のガイドラインを策定した。

To avoid difficulty returning home during an earthquake, we developed guidelines for simultaneous early departure.

Formal 'sakutei shita' (formulated).

彼は重要な商談の最中に、家庭の事情で早退を余儀なくされた。

In the middle of an important business negotiation, he was forced to leave early due to family circumstances.

Passive 'yogi naku sareta' (forced to).

早退が常態化している職場環境の改善が急務である。

Improving the workplace environment where leaving early has become normalized is an urgent task.

Noun 'jōtaika' (becoming a norm).

育児介護休業法により、短時間勤務や早退の権利が保障されている。

The Childcare and Family Care Leave Act guarantees the right to shorter working hours and early departure.

Passive 'hoshō sarete iru'.

彼は一身上の都合により、本日の祝賀会を早退することを告げた。

He announced that he would leave today's celebration early due to personal reasons.

Formal 'isshinjō no tsugō' (personal reasons).

早退の是非を巡って、社内で議論が巻き起こった。

A debate broke out within the company over the pros and cons of leaving early.

Topic marker 'o megutte' (concerning).

組織の規律を維持しつつ、個々の早退ニーズに柔軟に対応するパラダイムシフトが求められている。

A paradigm shift is required to respond flexibly to individual early departure needs while maintaining organizational discipline.

High-level vocabulary 'parademu shifuto'.

早退という行為が、単なる時間的欠落ではなく、ワークライフバランスの象徴として再定義されつつある。

The act of leaving early is being redefined not as a mere temporal absence, but as a symbol of work-life balance.

Passive 'saiteigi saretsutsu aru'.

勤怠管理システムにおける早退データの解析から、従業員のメンタルヘルスの兆候を読み取る。

Analyze early departure data in attendance management systems to identify signs of employee mental health issues.

Compound noun 'kintai kanri shisutemu'.

不測の事態に際し、迅速な早退判断を下すことは、危機管理能力の肝と言える。

In the event of an unforeseen situation, making a swift decision to leave early can be said to be the essence of crisis management capability.

Formal 'ni saishi' (on the occasion of).

早退の抑制が生産性の向上に直結するという旧来の価値観は、もはや通用しない。

The traditional value that suppressing early departures directly leads to increased productivity is no longer applicable.

Negative 'mohaya tsūyō shinai'.

裁量労働制下においては、概念としての「早退」そのものが希薄化していく傾向にある。

Under the discretionary labor system, the very concept of 'early departure' tends to become diluted.

Noun 'kikakuka' (dilution).

早退を許容する文化の醸成が、多様な人材の確保には不可欠である。

Fostering a culture that allows early departures is essential for securing diverse human resources.

Noun 'jōsei' (fostering/cultivating).

早退に伴う業務の引き継ぎを円滑に行うためのプロトコルを確立する。

Establish a protocol for the smooth handover of work associated with leaving early.

Formal 'ni tomanau' (accompanying).

ترکیب‌های رایج

学校を早退する

会社を早退する

風邪で早退する

早退を申し出る

早退届を出す

1時間早退する

無断で早退する

早退を許可する

早退の理由

会議を早退する

عبارات رایج

早退させていただきます

— I will take the liberty of leaving early. A very polite way to announce departure.

体調が悪いので、早退させていただきます。

早退させていただけますか

— Could you please let me leave early? A humble way to ask for permission.

明日、3時に早退させていただけますか。

早退の届け出

— Notification of early departure. Refers to the official process.

早退の届け出はメールでいいですか。

体調不良で早退

— Leaving early due to poor health. A standard professional reason.

田中さんは体調不良で早退しました。

家庭の事情で早退

— Leaving early for family reasons. Used as a general excuse.

家庭の事情で、本日は早退します。

早退扱い

— Treated as an early departure. Used in HR and attendance contexts.

1分でも早いと早退扱いになります。

一斉早退

— Simultaneous early departure of all staff. Common during natural disasters.

大雪のため、一斉早退が決まった。

早退を余儀なくされる

— To be forced to leave early. Used for unavoidable situations.

怪我で試合を早退を余儀なくされた。

早退防止

— Prevention of early departures. Used in organizational management.

早退防止のための対策を考える。

早退勧告

— Recommendation to leave early. Often issued by management during emergencies.

会社から早退勧告が出た。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

早退する vs 遅刻 (Chikoku)

Chikoku is arriving late, whereas soutai is leaving early. They are often discussed together in attendance rules.

早退する vs 欠席 (Kesseki)

Kesseki is being absent for the whole day. Soutai means you attended for part of the day.

早退する vs 退勤 (Taikin)

Taikin is the general act of leaving work at the end of the shift. Soutai is leaving BEFORE that shift ends.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"早退の常習犯"

— A habitual 'early leaver.' Someone who leaves early very often.

彼は早退の常習犯だ。

Informal

"雲隠れする"

— To disappear like a cloud. Used when someone leaves without telling anyone.

彼はいつの間にか早退して雲隠れした。

Casual

"お先にドロンする"

— To vanish/leave quickly (slangy). Old-fashioned way to say 'I'm out.'

今日は用事があるから、お先にドロンするよ。

Slang

"尻を割る"

— To give up or leave in the middle of a task.

途中で尻を割って早退した。

Idiomatic

"足が向く"

— To feel like going somewhere. Used when someone leaves early to go somewhere fun.

映画館に足が向いて、早退してしまった。

Literary

"腰を上げる"

— To stand up to leave. Used when someone decides it's time to 'soutai'.

ようやく腰を上げて、早退の準備をした。

Neutral

"逃げ出す"

— To run away. Sometimes used jokingly if someone leaves early to avoid work.

仕事が多すぎて、早退という名の逃げ出しをした。

Casual

"席を外す"

— To leave one's seat. Often used as a euphemism for leaving early.

急用で席を外して、そのまま早退しました。

Business

"暇を乞う"

— To ask for leave. A very archaic/formal way to ask to leave.

主人に暇を乞うて早退した。

Archaic

"一足お先に"

— One step ahead of others. Used when leaving early.

一足お先に早退させていただきます。

Polite

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

早退する vs 相対 (Sōtai)

Identical pronunciation in some contexts.

Sōtai (相対) means 'relative' or 'confrontation'. Context usually makes it clear, as 'early departure' only applies to work/school.

相対的な評価 (Relative evaluation) vs 早退する (Leave early).

早退する vs 総体 (Sōtai)

Identical pronunciation.

Sōtai (総体) means 'the whole' or 'the body'. It is a very formal/academic noun.

社会の総体 (The whole of society).

早退する vs 早退 (Soutai) vs 早引け (Hayabike)

Same meaning.

Soutai is the formal Kango word. Hayabike is an older, slightly more colloquial Kun-yomi based term.

早退届 (Official form) vs 今日は早引けだ (Casual talk).

早退する vs 早退 (Soutai) vs 帰宅 (Kitaku)

Both involve going home.

Kitaku simply means 'returning home' regardless of time. Soutai emphasizes the 'early' aspect relative to a schedule.

無事に帰宅した (Returned home safely) vs 3時に早退した (Left early at 3).

早退する vs 早退 (Soutai) vs 中座 (Chūza)

Both mean leaving before something ends.

Soutai is for work/school. Chūza is for meetings, parties, or theatrical performances.

宴会を中座する (Leave the party early).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Reason] で早退します。

かぜで早退します。

[Place] を早退してもいいですか。

学校を早退してもいいですか。

[Time] に早退させていただけますか。

3時に早退させていただけますか。

[Reason] のため、早退せざるを得ません。

急用のため、早退せざるを得ません。

[Situation] に伴い、早退の措置をとる。

台風の上陸に伴い、早退の措置をとる。

[Time] から早退します。

午後から早退します。

早退の理由を [Verb]。

早退の理由を説明します。

早退した分、[Action]。

早退した分、明日早く来ます。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

早退 (Soutai) - Early departure

早退者 (Soutaisha) - A person who leaves early

早退届 (Soutaitodoke) - Early departure notice

فعل‌ها

早退する (Soutai suru) - To leave early

مرتبط

遅刻 (Chikoku) - Arriving late

欠席 (Kesseki) - Absence

早退命令 (Soutai meirei) - Order to leave early

早引け (Hayabike) - Leaving early (slightly more colloquial)

退場 (Taijō) - Leaving a venue

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in school and corporate environments.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'soutai' for arriving late. → 遅刻する (Chikoku suru)
Soutai is only for leaving. Arriving late is chikoku.
Saying 'Soutai o shimasu'. → 早退します (Soutai shimasu)
While grammatically possible, it's more natural to use it as a direct suru-verb without 'o'.
Using 'soutai' when it's already the end of the day. → 帰ります (Kaerimasu)
If it's 5:00 PM and you finish at 5:00 PM, you are just going home, not leaving early.
Saying 'Soutai shimasu' to a boss without 'sasete itadaku'. → 早退させていただきます (Soutai sasete itadakimasu)
Just saying 'I will leave early' can sound like a command or a lack of respect in a Japanese office.
Confusing 'Soutai' (early departure) with 'Sōtai' (relativity). → Context and Kanji
In writing, always use the correct kanji. In speaking, the context of school/work usually clarifies the meaning.

نکات

Always Apologize

When leaving early, even for a good reason, it is polite to say 'Sumimasen' (Excuse me/I'm sorry) or 'Mōshiwake arimasen' (I'm very sorry) to acknowledge the disruption.

Use 'Node' for Reasons

The particle 'node' is softer and more polite than 'kara' when explaining why you need to 'soutai'. Example: 'Byōin e iku node...'.

Know the Form

Learn the word 'Soutai-todoke'. Even if your company uses a digital system, the term remains the same.

Tell Your Colleagues

Don't just tell your boss. Tell the people you work closely with so they know you won't be available for the rest of the day.

Kanji Meaning

Remember that '退' is also in 'Taishoku' (resigning). It always carries the meaning of leaving or retreating from a position.

Long Vowels

Be careful with 'SOU'. If you say 'SO' (short), it might not be understood. It's 'S-O-U'.

Typhoon Protocol

If a typhoon is coming, watch the news for the word 'soutai'. It's your cue that you might be allowed to go home early.

Be Specific

Always specify the time. 'Soutai shimasu' alone is vague. '3-ji ni soutai shimasu' is much more helpful.

Business Keigo

Master 'Soutai sasete itadakimasu'. It is the gold standard for professional early departure.

Action Image

Visualize the 'early' (早) sun rising as you 'retreat' (退) from your desk.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'SOU' as 'SO early' and 'TAI' as 'TIE-ing' up your loose ends to leave. 'SO early TIE-up and leave.'

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a clock showing 3:00 PM while everyone else's clock shows 5:00 PM, and you are walking out the door with a smile.

شبکه واژگان

Work School Early Sick Permission Clock Home Schedule

چالش

Try to use 'soutai' in a sentence that includes a reason (like 'kaze') and a time (like '3-ji').

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Japanese (Kango). The word was formed by combining the kanji 早 (early) and 退 (retreat/leave). It has been used in formal Japanese since the modernization of the education and labor systems in the Meiji era.

معنای اصلی: Leaving a position or post earlier than the designated time.

Japonic (Sino-Japanese vocabulary).

بافت فرهنگی

Always provide a reason when using 'soutai' in Japan to avoid appearing lazy or irresponsible.

In English, we just say 'leave early.' We don't have a single formal noun-verb combo that is used as universally as 'soutai' in both work and school.

Used frequently in 'Salaryman' manga to depict office life. Commonly seen in school-themed anime (e.g., 'Great Teacher Onizuka'). Appears in Japanese news headlines during typhoon season ('Company X orders soutai').

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Office Work

早退させていただきます
早退届はどこですか
急用で早退します
上司に早退の許可をもらう

School

保健室に行って早退する
先生、早退してもいいですか
早退の連絡を親からもらう
午後の授業を早退する

Medical

病院の予約で早退する
体調が悪化して早退する
早退して静養する
熱があるので早退を勧める

Family

子供が熱を出して早退する
冠婚葬祭で早退する
家の修理で早退する
迎えのために早退する

Disaster/Weather

台風で早退命令が出る
電車が止まる前に早退する
安全のために一斉早退する
雪の影響で早退が決まる

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"すみません、今日は体調が悪いので早退してもよろしいでしょうか。"

"田中さんはどうしましたか？「早退しましたよ。」"

"明日の会議、3時に早退するので欠席します。"

"台風が来ているので、早めに早退したほうがいいですよ。"

"早退届の書き方を教えていただけますか。"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、もし仕事を早退できたら何をしたいですか？

あなたが最後に学校や会社を早退した時の理由は何でしたか？

日本の「早退」の文化について、あなたの国とどう違うか書いてください。

早退届を書く練習をしてみましょう。理由は「歯医者」です。

「一斉早退」が必要な状況を想像して書いてください。

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

While usually implying going home, it technically just means leaving the institution (work/school) early. You might 'soutai' to go to a hospital or a government office, not necessarily straight to your house.

It is not rude if you have a valid reason and follow the proper procedure (asking permission, notifying colleagues). In Japan, leaving without saying anything is rude, but 'soutai' is the formal way to handle an early departure.

Yes, 'Byōin no yoyaku de soutai shimasu' (I will leave early for a hospital appointment) is a very common and acceptable sentence.

It is an official 'Early Departure Form' that many Japanese companies and schools require you to fill out for record-keeping purposes.

You can say, 'Sumimasen, guai ga warui node soutai shite mo ii desu ka?' (Excuse me, I don't feel well, so may I leave early?)

'Hankyū' is a half-day of paid leave (usually planned). 'Soutai' is leaving early, which might be unplanned or deducted from your hours differently depending on the company.

You can, but 'chūza suru' or 'saki ni shitsurei shimasu' is more common for social gatherings. 'Soutai' sounds a bit like you are treating the party as a job.

Yes, if a student leaves a lecture before it finishes, it is called 'soutai,' although university attendance is often less strictly monitored than in lower schools.

Younger people might say 'fukeru' (to skip out/run away), but 'soutai' remains the standard term even in casual settings when referring to the official act.

This is called 'mudan-soutai' (unauthorized early departure) and can lead to disciplinary action in a Japanese workplace.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید