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A1 noun #3,187 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

免許

menkyo رتبه 3,187

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 免許 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 免許 in your Level:

At the A1 level, you only need to know 'menkyo' in the context of a driver's license. It is a very useful word because it often serves as a person's ID card in Japan. You will mostly use it with the verb 'motteimasu' (I have) or 'arimasu' (There is/I have). For example, 'Unten menkyo o motteimasu' (I have a driver's license). You should also recognize the kanji if possible, as it appears on many forms. Think of it as the 'key' that allows you to drive a car legally. At this stage, don't worry about professional licenses like medical or teaching ones; just focus on the car context. Remember that in Japan, you must carry this physical card whenever you drive, and it is the most common way to prove who you are at a bank or a post office.

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'menkyo' with more verbs. You will learn 'menkyo o toru' (to get/take a license). This is a common goal for young people in Japan. You might also learn 'menkyo-shou,' which is the physical license card. You can start to distinguish between different types of licenses, such as 'baiku no menkyo' (motorcycle license) or 'futsuu menkyo' (standard car license). You should be able to ask others if they have a license: 'Menkyo o motteimasu ka?' and answer basic questions about when or where you got yours. You might also encounter the word in simple signs at train stations or police boxes. Understanding that 'menkyo' is a formal permit is key to moving beyond basic 'permission' words like 'ii desu ka.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, you should understand the social importance of 'menkyo' in Japan. This includes the process of 'koushin' (renewal). In Japan, you must renew your license every few years at a special center, and the color of your license (Gold, Blue, or Green) changes based on your driving record. You will also learn about 'mu-menkyo' (without a license), which is a serious crime. You can use 'menkyo' in more complex sentences, such as 'Menkyo o toru no ni takusan okane ga kakarimasu' (It costs a lot of money to get a license). You should also start to see 'menkyo' in the context of jobs, as many job postings in Japan list 'unten menkyo' as a requirement, even for non-driving jobs, because it proves you have a valid ID and a basic level of responsibility.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B2 level, you encounter 'menkyo' in professional and legal contexts. You will learn about 'ishi menkyo' (medical license), 'kyouin menkyo' (teaching license), and 'shiryou menkyo' (hunting license). You should understand the difference between 'menkyo' (license) and 'shikaku' (qualification). For example, having a 'shikaku' to teach English is different from having a state-issued 'kyouin menkyo' to teach in public schools. You will also learn about legal consequences like 'menkyo teishi' (license suspension) and 'menkyo torikeshi' (revocation). You can discuss the ethics of licensing, such as whether older people should return their licenses (menkyo henno) for safety. Your vocabulary should include compound words and formal verbs like 'shutoku suru' (to acquire) instead of just 'toru.'

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, you explore the historical and metaphorical depths of 'menkyo.' You will study 'Menkyo Kaiden,' the traditional system of certifying mastery in Japanese arts like martial arts or tea ceremony. You should be able to read and discuss technical legal documents or news reports regarding licensing laws, such as the deregulation of certain professional licenses. You will understand how 'menkyo' acts as a 'barrier to entry' in the Japanese economy and be able to debate the pros and cons of strict licensing systems. You should also be comfortable with the nuances between 'menkyo,' 'ninka' (authorization), and 'kyoka' (permission) in administrative law. At this level, you can use the word in academic or high-level business discussions about regulatory compliance.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you have a masterly grasp of 'menkyo' across all domains. You can analyze the philosophical implications of the state's power to grant and revoke 'menkyo' as a form of social control. You are familiar with archaic uses of the term in historical texts and can discuss the evolution of the licensing system from the Edo period guilds to the modern bureaucratic state. You can interpret subtle wordplay involving 'menkyo' in literature or advanced political satire. You understand the international implications of license reciprocity (e.g., converting a foreign license to a Japanese one) and the legal complexities involved. Your usage is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker, utilizing the word with perfect register and contextual precision in any professional, legal, or cultural setting.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

免許 در ۳۰ ثانیه

Menkyo refers to an official license or permit, most commonly used for driving (unten menkyo), but also for professional certifications like medicine or teaching.
It is a formal noun, usually paired with the verbs 'toru' (to get) or 'motteiru' (to have), and is vital for identification in Japan.
The physical card is called a 'menkyo-shou,' and it must be renewed periodically through a process called 'koushin' at a license center.
Culturally, it carries a weight of proven mastery, stemming from traditional Japanese arts where 'menkyo' signified the inheritance of secret school techniques.

The Japanese word 免許 (menkyo) represents a fundamental concept in legal and social structures: the official authorization granted by a governing body. While most learners first encounter it in the context of driving, its scope is vast, encompassing professional certifications, legal permits, and historical martial arts mastery. In a modern Japanese context, possessing a menkyo is often seen as a rite of passage into adulthood, particularly the 運転免許 (unten menkyo - driver's license), which serves as the most common form of government-issued identification in a society that does not have a traditional national ID card system like some Western countries.

Legal Authority: The term refers to the removal of a general prohibition. For example, driving a motorized vehicle is technically prohibited for everyone until they prove competence and receive a menkyo.
Professional Standards: It applies to high-stakes professions. A doctor requires an 医師免許 (ishi menkyo), and a teacher requires a 教員免許 (kyōin menkyo). Without these, practicing the profession is a criminal offense.

「ようやく免許を取ることができました！」 (I was finally able to get my license!)

A common exclamation of relief after passing the rigorous Japanese driving exam.

Historically, the word has deep roots in traditional arts. In systems like Kendo, Tea Ceremony (Sado), or Calligraphy (Shodo), a menkyo wasn't just a plastic card; it was a scroll (makimono) signifying that the student had inherited the secret techniques of the school. This historical weight still colors the word today, giving it a sense of 'proven mastery' rather than just 'permission.' When a Japanese person says they have a menkyo, they are signaling that they have undergone a standardized process of evaluation and emerged successful.

「身分証明書として免許証を提示してください。」 (Please present your license card as identification.)

Social Identity: Because the unten menkyo-shō (license card) contains a current photo and verified address, it is the gold standard for opening bank accounts or signing contracts.

Furthermore, the word appears in metaphors. For instance, 'Menkyo-kaiden' (免許皆伝) refers to someone who has reached the pinnacle of a craft. Even in casual settings, one might joke about having a 'menkyo' to cook a specific family recipe, though this is rare. The word carries a formal, rigid tone that commands respect. It is rarely used for trivial permissions, like a parent's permission to go to a party; for that, kyoka (許可) is used instead. Understanding menkyo is about understanding the Japanese respect for certification and the clear boundary between the qualified and the unqualified.

Using 免許 (menkyo) correctly requires pairing it with the right verbs and understanding its role as a noun. In Japanese grammar, menkyo functions primarily as a direct object for verbs of acquisition, possession, and loss. The most common verb paired with it is 取る (toru - to take/get), which describes the process of passing the exam and receiving the permit.

Acquisition (Getting the License): The phrase 免許を取る (menkyo o toru) is the standard way to say 'get a license.' For example: 「夏休みに運転免許を取りたいです。」 (I want to get my driver's license during summer vacation.)
Possession (Having the License): To say you hold a license, use 免許を持っている (menkyo o motte iru). Example: 「彼は医師免許を持っています。」 (He holds a medical license.)

「うっかりして免許を更新するのを忘れてしまった。」 (I carelessly forgot to renew my license.)

Another critical verb is 更新する (kōshin suru - to renew). Licenses in Japan, especially driver's licenses, have strict expiration dates marked by color codes (Gold for safe drivers, Blue for standard). Forgetting to renew can lead to the license becoming shikkō (invalid/expired). In formal contexts, such as a job application, you might see menkyo shutoku (acquisition of license) listed under qualifications.

「スピード違反で免許停止になった。」 (My license was suspended due to speeding.)

When things go wrong, the term menkyo teishi (license suspension, often shortened to men-tei) or menkyo torikeshi (license revocation) is used. These are serious legal terms. In a sentence: 「お酒を飲んで運転すると、免許が取り消されます。」 (If you drink and drive, your license will be revoked.) This demonstrates the passive use of the noun in legal consequences. Whether you are talking about the physical card (免許証) or the abstract right to perform an action (免許), the word remains a pillar of formal Japanese communication.

In daily Japanese life, 免許 (menkyo) is a word that echoes through various institutions and social interactions. One of the most common places you will hear it is at the unten menkyo centā (driver's license center). Here, the word is repeated over loudspeakers, printed on every form, and discussed in hushed tones by nervous test-takers. You'll hear phrases like 「免許証の更新の方はこちらです」 (Those for license renewal, please come this way).

The Workplace: During job interviews, an employer might ask, 「何か免許や資格をお持ちですか？」 (Do you have any licenses or qualifications?). Here, menkyo implies state-authorized permits, whereas shikaku covers general certifications like language proficiency.
Police Interactions: If stopped by the police while driving, the first thing you will hear is 「免許証を見せてください」 (Please show your license card). It is the universal request for identification.

「今回の試験に合格すれば、ついに免許がもらえます。」 (If I pass this exam, I'll finally get my license.)

You also encounter menkyo in the media, particularly in news reports about medical malpractice or legal changes. A news anchor might say, 「無免許運転の疑いで逮捕されました」 (Arrested on suspicion of driving without a license). The prefix mu- (無) meaning 'without' creates the common word mu-menkyo, a term frequently appearing in crime reports and legal dramas.

In traditional Japanese arts (Geidō), such as flower arrangement (Ikebana) or martial arts (Budō), the word menkyo is used during graduation ceremonies. While modern sports use 'belts' or 'ranks,' traditional schools still issue menkyo to certify that a student is allowed to teach the art to others. Hearing this word in a dōjō carries a much heavier, more spiritual weight than hearing it at a DMV, connecting the modern legal permit to centuries of Japanese tradition.

For English speakers, the primary struggle with 免許 (menkyo) lies in its specificity. In English, the word 'license' is used very broadly—from a 'creative commons license' to 'poetic license.' In Japanese, menkyo is strictly reserved for official, government-sanctioned, or traditional authority-granted permits. Using it for informal permissions is a frequent error.

Confusing Menkyo with Kyoka: Mistake: 「お母さんにパーティーに行く免許をもらった。」 (I got a 'license' from my mom to go to the party). Correction: Use kyoka (許可 - permission) instead. Menkyo is for professional or legal status.
Confusing Menkyo with Shikaku: Mistake: 「JLPTの免許を持っています。」 (I have a JLPT 'license'). Correction: Use shikaku (資格 - qualification). A license allows you to do something otherwise illegal; a qualification simply proves your skill level.

❌ 「このソフトを使う免許があります。」 (Incorrect: I have a 'menkyo' to use this software.)
✅ 「このソフトのライセンスを持っています。」 (Correct: I have a 'raisensu' for this software.)

Another common error is the physical vs. abstract distinction. While menkyo can refer to the status, the physical card is almost always menkyo-shō (免許証). If a police officer asks for your license, and you reply 「免許を忘れました」, it's understandable, but 「免許証を忘れました」 is more precise. Furthermore, avoid using menkyo for software licenses; for that, Japanese uses the katakana raisensu (ライセンス).

Lastly, be careful with the verb suru. You cannot say menkyo suru to mean 'to license someone.' Licensing is a formal administrative act. To say 'The government licensed the doctor,' you would use more complex terms like menkyo o ataeru (give a license) or menkyo o kōfu suru (issue a license). As a learner, stick to toru (get) and motsu (have) to avoid sounding unnatural.

Japanese has several words that translate to 'permission' or 'qualification,' and choosing the right one is key to sounding natural. 免許 (menkyo) sits at the top of the formality and legal hierarchy. Here is how it compares to its close relatives:

免許 (Menkyo) vs. 資格 (Shikaku): Menkyo: Legal permission. Without it, the act is illegal (e.g., driving).
Shikaku: A qualification or credential. It proves you can do something, but you might not legally need it to try (e.g., a bookkeeping certificate).
免許 (Menkyo) vs. 許可 (Kyoka): Menkyo: A permanent or long-term status granted after an exam (e.g., a pilot's license).
Kyoka: One-time or specific permission (e.g., permission to enter a building, permission from a boss to take a day off).

「彼は弁護士の資格はありますが、まだ免許（登録）は受けていません。」 (He has the qualifications of a lawyer, but hasn't received his 'license' [registration] yet.)

There is also 認可 (ninka), which refers to official approval or authorization of a facility or institution, like a ninka hoikuen (authorized nursery school). While menkyo is usually for individuals, ninka is for organizations. Then there is the loanword ライセンス (raisensu). This is specifically used for technical and intellectual property contexts, such as software licenses or sports licensing deals (e.g., a FIFA license).

In summary, choose menkyo for driving, medicine, and teaching. Choose shikaku for exams like the JLPT or Kanji Kentei. Choose kyoka for daily permissions. Choose raisensu for software. Mastering these distinctions will make your Japanese sound much more sophisticated and accurate to the legalistic reality of Japanese society.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The 'Men' in Menkyo is the same as in 'Men-zei' (Tax-free). It literally implies being 'freed' from the rules that stop others from doing the task.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /mɛn.kjoʊ/

US /mɛn.kjoʊ/

Atamadaka (Initial stress) - The pitch starts high on 'Me' and drops on 'nkyo'.

هم‌قافیه با

勉強 (benkyō) 選挙 (senkyō) 謙虚 (kenkyo) 布教 (fukyō) 住居 (jūkyo) 急遽 (kyūkyo) 撤去 (tekkyo) 特許 (tokkyo)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing it as three syllables (me-n-kyo). In Japanese, 'kyo' is one beat.
Confusing 'kyo' with 'ko'. It is not 'menko'.
Over-emphasizing the 'n' like 'men-knee-oh'.
Making the 'o' too short. It should be a long vowel (menkyō).
Confusing the pitch with 'benkyō' (study), which has a different pitch accent pattern.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Kanji is common but has many strokes. Recognizable at N4/N5 level.

نوشتن 3/5

Writing '免' and '許' from memory requires practice due to specific stroke orders.

صحبت کردن 1/5

Easy to pronounce with no difficult sounds for English speakers.

گوش دادن 1/5

Very distinct sound, rarely confused with other common words.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

車 (Car) 運転 (Driving) 持つ (To hold/have) 取る (To take) 許可 (Permission)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

資格 (Qualification) 更新 (Renewal) 証明書 (Certificate/ID) 違反 (Violation) 試験 (Exam)

پیشرفته

認可 (Authorization) 特許 (Patent) 剥奪 (Revocation) 皆伝 (Full mastery) 法規 (Laws and regulations)

گرامر لازم

Noun + を持っている

免許を持っています。 (I have a license.)

Noun + を取る

免許を取る。 (To get a license.)

Noun + の更新

免許の更新。 (License renewal.)

Noun + 証

免許証。 (License card.)

無 + Noun

無免許。 (Without a license.)

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

免許を持っています。

I have a license.

Uses the 'motteimasu' form for possession.

運転免許はありますか？

Do you have a driver's license?

Topic marker 'wa' focuses on the license.

これは私の免許証です。

This is my license card.

Uses 'menkyoshou' for the physical object.

免許を見せてください。

Please show me your license.

Standard polite request form.

バイクの免許が欲しいです。

I want a motorcycle license.

Uses 'hoshii' to express desire.

父は免許を持っていません。

My father doesn't have a license.

Negative form of 'motteimasu'.

免許の写真は恥ずかしいです。

My license photo is embarrassing.

Possessive 'no' links license and photo.

ここで免許を出してください。

Please take out your license here.

Verb 'dasu' means to take out or present.

来月、免許を取ります。

I will get my license next month.

Future intent with 'torimasu'.

免許を取るのは難しいですか？

Is it difficult to get a license?

Nominalizing the phrase with 'no wa'.

免許証をなくしてしまいました。

I accidentally lost my license card.

Uses '~te shimau' for regrettable actions.

新しい免許をもらいました。

I received a new license.

Simple past tense of 'morau'.

免許のために勉強しています。

I am studying for my license.

'~no tame ni' indicates purpose.

彼は車の免許を持っていますか？

Does he have a car license?

Question form with 'ka'.

免許の試験は明日です。

The license exam is tomorrow.

Noun + no + Noun structure.

免許がないので運転できません。

I can't drive because I don't have a license.

Uses 'node' to explain a reason.

免許を更新しに行かなければなりません。

I must go to renew my license.

Must-do form: 'nakereba narimasen'.

日本の免許に切り替えたいです。

I want to switch to a Japanese license.

'Kirikaeru' means to switch or convert.

無免許運転は法律で禁止されています。

Driving without a license is prohibited by law.

Passive voice: 'kinshi saretiru'.

免許を取るのに30万円かかりました。

It cost 300,000 yen to get my license.

'~no ni' indicates the cost or time required.

身分証明書として免許証が使えます。

You can use your license as ID.

'~toshite' means 'as' or 'in the capacity of'.

教習所に通って免許を取りました。

I went to driving school and got my license.

Te-form used to sequence actions.

免許の有効期限が切れています。

The license's validity period has expired.

'Kirete iru' indicates a state of expiration.

ゴールド免許を目指しています。

I am aiming for a Gold license.

Gold license is for 5 years of clean driving.

スピード違反で免許停止処分を受けた。

I received a license suspension for speeding.

Formal noun 'shobun' (disposition/punishment).

医師免許を取得するのは非常に困難だ。

Acquiring a medical license is extremely difficult.

Uses formal 'shutoku' instead of 'toru'.

教員免許がないと、公立学校では教えられない。

Without a teaching license, you cannot teach at public schools.

Conditional 'ないと' (if not).

彼は国際免許を持っているので、海外でも運転できる。

Since he has an international license, he can drive abroad.

International license: 'kokusai menkyo'.

免許証の住所変更を忘れないでください。

Please don't forget to change the address on your license.

Compound noun: 'juusho henkou'.

彼は狩猟免許を持っていて、冬には山へ行く。

He has a hunting license and goes to the mountains in winter.

Hunting license: 'shuryou menkyo'.

違反点数が溜まると、免許が取り消される可能性がある。

If violation points accumulate, there's a chance the license will be revoked.

'~kanousei ga aru' indicates possibility.

酒気帯び運転は、一発で免許取り消しになる。

Drunk driving results in immediate license revocation.

'Ippatsu de' means 'at once' or 'with one hit'.

その武道家は師匠から免許皆伝を授かった。

The martial artist was granted full mastery certification by his master.

Menkyo Kaiden is a traditional term for full mastery.

規制緩和により、免許制度が見直されている。

Due to deregulation, the licensing system is being reviewed.

Kisei kanwa (deregulation) and minaoshi (review).

専門職の免許要件は、国によって大きく異なる。

Licensing requirements for professionals vary greatly by country.

Formal 'youken' (requirements).

彼は調理師免許を活かして、自分の店を開いた。

He utilized his chef's license to open his own restaurant.

'Ikashite' means 'making use of' or 'leveraging'.

高齢者の運転免許自主返納が推奨されている。

Voluntary return of driver's licenses by the elderly is being encouraged.

Jishu hennou (voluntary return).

免許の有無が、採用の合否に影響することもある。

The presence or absence of a license can affect hiring decisions.

'Umu' (presence or absence).

偽造免許証の使用は、重大な犯罪行為である。

Using a forged license is a serious criminal act.

Gizou (forgery) and hanzai koui (criminal act).

船舶免許を取得して、週末は海で過ごしている。

I got a boat license and spend my weekends at sea.

Sempaku menkyo (marine/boat license).

免許制度の形骸化が、業界の質を低下させているとの指摘がある。

It has been pointed out that the licensing system becoming a mere formality is lowering industry quality.

Keigaika (becoming a shell/formality).

国家による免許の付与は、一種の独占権の付与に他ならない。

The granting of licenses by the state is nothing less than the granting of a kind of monopoly.

'~ni hokanaranai' (is nothing but).

免許皆伝の重みは、単なる技術の習得を超えた精神的継承にある。

The weight of full mastery lies in a spiritual succession that transcends mere technical acquisition.

Seishinteki keishou (spiritual succession).

無免許医による医療行為は、倫理的にも法的にも許容されない。

Medical practice by unlicensed doctors is unacceptable both ethically and legally.

Kyoyou sarenai (not permitted/tolerated).

特定技能の免許化をめぐって、激しい議論が交わされた。

Heated debates were exchanged regarding the licensing of specific skills.

'~o megutte' (concerning/surrounding).

免許更新時の講習は、交通安全意識の再確認を目的としている。

Lectures during license renewal aim to reconfirm traffic safety awareness.

Saikakunin (reconfirmation).

知的財産権のライセンス供与と、公的な免許は概念的に峻別すべきだ。

The licensing of intellectual property and public licensure should be conceptually distinguished.

Shunbetsu subeki (should be clearly distinguished).

免許剥奪という制裁は、その専門家にとって社会的死を意味しかねない。

The sanction of license revocation could mean social death for that professional.

'~kaneyanai' (might/could possibly).

مترادف‌ها

許可認可資格ライセンス免状公認

متضادها

禁止剥奪

ترکیب‌های رایج

免許を取る

免許を持っている

免許を更新する

免許を提示する

免許が切れる

免許を取り消す

免許を返納する

免許を取得する

免許証のコピー

免許が必要だ

عبارات رایج

運転免許証

— A driver's license card. The most common form of ID in Japan.

運転免許証を財布に入れる。

仮免許

— A learner's permit or provisional license. Used during driving school.

今は仮免許で練習中です。

国際免許

— An international driving permit. Used for driving in foreign countries.

旅行のために国際免許を作った。

ゴールド免許

— A gold-colored license given to 'safe' drivers with no violations for 5 years.

やっとゴールド免許になった！

無免許運転

— Driving without a license. A serious criminal offense.

無免許運転は絶対にダメです。

医師免許

— A medical license. Required to practice as a doctor.

彼は30歳で医師免許を取った。

教員免許

— A teaching license. Required for public school teachers.

大学で教員免許を取得した。

免許センター

— The official government center where licenses are issued and renewed.

日曜日に免許センターへ行く。

免許停止

— License suspension (often abbreviated as 'mentei'). A temporary ban on driving.

スピード違反で免許停止になった。

免許皆伝

— Full mastery of a traditional art or school. A historical term.

彼はその流派の免許皆伝だ。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

免許 vs 許可 (Kyoka)

Kyoka is general permission; Menkyo is a formal, long-term legal permit.

免許 vs 資格 (Shikaku)

Shikaku is a skill qualification; Menkyo is a legal requirement to perform an act.

免許 vs ライセンス (Raisensu)

Raisensu is used for software or business IP, not usually for driving or doctors.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"免許皆伝"

— To have reached the highest level of mastery in a field, originally in martial arts.

彼はプログラミングにおいて、まさに免許皆伝の域に達している。

Literary/Formal

"お墨付き"

— While not using 'menkyo', this means 'official seal of approval' and is a conceptual sibling.

社長のお墨付きをもらったプロジェクトだ。

Idiomatic

"看板を下ろす"

— To quit a business/profession, often implying the loss or return of a license/status.

不祥事で医師の看板を下ろすことになった。

Figurative

"腕を磨く"

— To polish one's skills, often in preparation for licensure or mastery.

免許を取るために腕を磨く。

Neutral

"折り紙付き"

— Guaranteed or certified quality, historically from paper certificates.

彼の技術は折り紙付きだ。

Idiomatic

"免許がない"

— Used metaphorically to mean one lacks the 'right' or 'authority' to speak on a topic.

私にはその問題に口を出す免許はありません。

Informal/Figurative

"一発免許"

— Taking the driving test directly at the center without attending a school.

一発免許で合格するのは非常に難しい。

Colloquial

"ペーパードライバー"

— A person who has a license but never drives (a 'paper driver').

免許はあるけど、ずっとペーパードライバーです。

Slang

"免罪符"

— Indulgence/Exemption. Using a 'license' metaphorically as an excuse for bad behavior.

忙しさを免罪符にしてはいけない。

Literary

"お墨付きをもらう"

— To get the official 'go-ahead' or certification from a superior.

専門家のお墨付きをもらった商品です。

Neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

免許 vs 特許 (Tokkyo)

Both involve government permission.

Tokkyo is a patent for an invention; Menkyo is a license for a person.

新しい技術の特許を取る。

免許 vs 勉強 (Benkyou)

Similar sound and both involve learning.

Benkyou is the act of studying; Menkyo is the result (the permit).

毎日勉強して、免許を取った。

免許 vs 公認 (Kounin)

Both imply official status.

Kounin is official recognition or endorsement; Menkyo is a legal permit.

メーカー公認の修理店。

免許 vs 認定 (Nintei)

Both involve certification.

Nintei is accreditation of a level or status; Menkyo is a permit to practice.

ユネスコの世界遺産に認定される。

免許 vs 登録 (Touroku)

Both are required for professions.

Touroku is the act of putting your name on a list; Menkyo is the permit itself.

弁護士登録をする。

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun] 免許があります。

運転免許があります。

[Time] に免許を取りました。

去年に免許を取りました。

免許を取るために [Verb]。

免許を取るために教習所に通います。

免許証を [Verb-te] しまう。

免許証を忘れてしまいました。

[Reason] で免許停止になる。

スピード違反で免許停止になる。

[Profession] 免許を取得する。

医師免許を取得する。

免許の有無を問わず [Action]。

免許の有無を問わず、応募可能です。

免許制度の [Noun] 化。

免許制度の形骸化が懸念される。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

免許証 (License card)

運転免許 (Driver's license)

医師免許 (Medical license)

教員免許 (Teaching license)

فعل‌ها

免許する (To license - formal/rare)

免許を取得する (To acquire a license)

صفت‌ها

無免許の (Unlicensed)

مرتبط

許可 (Permission)

資格 (Qualification)

認可 (Authorization)

特許 (Patent)

公認 (Official recognition)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Extremely high in daily life, especially regarding driving and identification.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 'Menkyo' for permission to go to a party. → 許可 (Kyoka)
Menkyo is for legal/professional permits. Kyoka is for personal/casual permission.
Saying 'JLPT Menkyo'. → JLPTの資格 (Shikaku)
Language tests give you a 'qualification' (Shikaku), not a legal 'license' (Menkyo).
Saying 'Software Menkyo'. → ソフトウェアのライセンス (Raisensu)
Technical/IP contexts use the loanword 'Raisensu'.
Confusing 'Menkyo' with 'Benkyou' in speech. → Check the initial consonant (M vs B).
The words sound similar but have completely different meanings.
Using 'Menkyo suru' to mean 'to drive'. → 運転する (Unten suru)
Menkyo is the permit; Unten is the action of driving.

نکات

Verb Pairing

Always pair 'Menkyo' with 'Toru' (get) or 'Motteiru' (have). Don't use 'Suru' unless you are the government body granting the license.

ID Usage

If someone asks for 'Mibun Shoumeisho' (ID), showing your 'Menkyoshou' is the most standard and accepted response in Japan.

Stroke Order

Pay attention to the '言' radical in '許'. It means 'speech', reflecting that a license is an authority's 'word' of permission.

Safe Driving

Aim for the Gold License! It's a point of pride and saves money on insurance and renewal fees.

Compound Nouns

Learn 'Menkyo' as part of compounds like 'Unten-menkyo' to immediately increase your useful vocabulary.

Expiration

Check the date on your license! In Japan, the expiration date is usually tied to your birthday.

Announcements

In Japan, you'll hear 'Menkyo-shou' in almost every official transaction. Train your ear to catch it.

AT vs MT

When talking about your license, people often ask if it's 'AT gentei' (Automatic only) or 'MT' (Manual). Be ready to answer!

JLPT Context

This word appears often in N4 and N3 reading passages about daily life or work.

Benkyou -> Menkyo

Study (Benkyou) to get your License (Menkyo). The rhyme makes it unforgettable.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a **MEN** (man) who is **KYO**ut (cute) but needs a **LICENSE** to drive his car to see his girlfriend.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine the 'Men' (免) kanji as a person with a hat (the top part) sitting in a car seat, and 'Kyo' (許) as a person speaking (言) to a boss to get permission.

شبکه واژگان

Car Doctor ID Card Police Test Renewal Permission Mastery

چالش

Try to find the word '免許' on a Japanese website for a driving school or a job search site like Rikunabi.

ریشه کلمه

Composed of two kanji: 免 (Men) meaning 'dismissal', 'exemption', or 'avoidance', and 許 (Kyo) meaning 'permit' or 'allow'.

معنای اصلی: In ancient administrative law, it referred to 'exempting' someone from a general prohibition, thereby 'permitting' them to act.

Sino-Japanese (Kango). The kanji characters originated in China but the specific modern usage for 'driver's license' is a Japanese development.

بافت فرهنگی

Be aware that 'Mu-menkyo' (unlicensed) is a heavy term often associated with criminal activity or negligence.

In English, 'license' is used for software (e.g., Microsoft license), but in Japanese, you must use 'Raisensu' for software and 'Menkyo' for legal permits.

Initial D (Anime about street racing/licenses) Menkyo ga Nai! (1994 Movie about the struggle to get a license) Black Jack (Manga about an unlicensed doctor)

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

At a Bank

免許証を提示してください (Please show your license)
コピーを取ります (I will make a copy)
有効期限を確認します (I will check the expiration date)
住所が違います (The address is different)

At Driving School

仮免許の試験 (Learner's permit exam)
教習を受ける (Take a lesson)
路上練習 (Road practice)
学科試験 (Written exam)

During a Job Interview

免許はありますか？ (Do you have a license?)
AT限定ですか？ (Is it automatic only?)
通勤に使います (I use it for commuting)
資格欄に書く (Write in the qualification section)

With Police

免許証を見せて (Show your license)
不携帯です (I don't have it on me)
期限切れです (It's expired)
点数が引かれる (Points will be deducted)

Traditional Arts

免許皆伝を受ける (Receive full mastery)
師匠から授かる (Granted by a master)
流派の免許 (School's license)
奥義を極める (Master the secret techniques)

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"運転免許を持っていますか？ (Do you have a driver's license?)"

"いつ免許を取りましたか？ (When did you get your license?)"

"免許の更新はもう行きましたか？ (Have you gone to renew your license yet?)"

"日本で免許を取るのは大変だと聞きました。 (I heard getting a license in Japan is tough.)"

"どんな免許や資格を持っていますか？ (What kind of licenses or qualifications do you have?)"

موضوعات نگارش

日本で免許を取ることについてどう思いますか？ (What do you think about getting a license in Japan?)

免許証の写真についてのエピソードを書いてください。 (Write an episode about your license photo.)

もし医師免許があったら、何をしたいですか？ (If you had a medical license, what would you want to do?)

免許を返納する適切な年齢は何歳だと思いますか？ (What do you think is the appropriate age to return a license?)

あなたが持っている一番大切な免許や資格は何ですか？ (What is the most important license or qualification you have?)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, you should use 'Raisensu' (ライセンス) for software. 'Menkyo' is for legal or professional permits granted to people.

'Menkyo' is the abstract license or permission. 'Menkyoshou' is the physical card you carry. In conversation, they are often used interchangeably.

No, you do not need a 'Menkyo' for a standard bicycle, but you do need one for any motorized vehicle, including small scooters (Gentsuki).

A Gold License (Gōrudo Menkyo) is given to drivers who have had no accidents or violations for five consecutive years. It offers benefits like cheaper insurance.

It is very expensive. Attending a driving school usually costs between 250,000 and 350,000 yen (approx. $2,000-$3,000 USD).

You can use an International Driving Permit for up to one year. After that, you must convert it to a Japanese license (Gaimen Kirikae).

If it expires, it becomes 'shikkou'. You may have to retake parts of the test depending on how long it has been expired.

Yes, in traditional martial arts (Koryu) and arts like tea ceremony, it is still the highest level of certification awarded to a master.

Yes, to teach at a public school, you must have a 'Kyouin Menkyo' issued by a board of education.

It means 'unlicensed'. 'Mu-menkyo unten' is driving without a license, which is a crime that can lead to imprisonment.

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