剥奪 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- Forcefully taking away rights, status, or property.
- Often done by authorities or through legal means.
- Implies an imposed loss, not voluntary.
- Used in legal, political, and formal contexts.
- Meaning
- The Japanese word 剥奪 (はくだつ - hakudatsu) refers to the act of forcibly taking away something that someone possesses, such as a right, status, property, or privilege. It implies a forceful or systematic removal, often by an authority or as a consequence of a rule or law being broken. It's a strong word that signifies a loss of something important and often held by entitlement.
- Usage Contexts
- This term is frequently encountered in legal, political, and economic contexts. For instance, it can describe the confiscation of property by the government, the stripping of someone's citizenship or voting rights, or the revocation of a license or permit. In a broader sense, it can also refer to the loss of dignity, freedom, or even life due to oppressive actions or circumstances. The nuance is that it is not a voluntary relinquishment but an imposition of loss.
- Nuance of Force
- The key element of 剥奪 is the element of force or compulsion. It's not about giving something up willingly; it's about having it taken away against one's will or due to external pressures. This can be through legal means, like a court order, or through more direct forceful actions. The word carries a sense of injustice or undeserved hardship for the person experiencing the 剥奪.
- Examples of What Can Be 剥奪
- Think about the types of things that can be forcibly taken away. This includes tangible assets like money or land, but also intangible rights such as freedom of speech, the right to vote, or even the right to hold a certain position or title. In more extreme cases, it can refer to the deprivation of life itself. The gravity of what is being taken away often dictates the seriousness with which the word 剥奪 is perceived.
- Systematic vs. Individual
- While 剥奪 can refer to the forceful taking of something from an individual, it can also describe a systematic process affecting a group of people. For example, a government might implement policies that lead to the 剥奪 of certain rights for all citizens of a particular ethnicity or social class. This highlights the word's applicability to both individual grievances and broader societal injustices.
The government announced the 剥奪 of mining rights from companies that violated environmental regulations.
During the revolution, many citizens feared the 剥奪 of their property and freedoms.
- Standard Structure
- The most common way to use 剥奪 is in the structure: [Subject] は [Object] を 剥奪する (suru - to do/perform). This indicates that the subject is performing the action of taking away the object. For example, 政府は国民の権利を剥奪した (The government deprived the citizens of their rights). The object being taken away is often a right, privilege, or property.
- Passive Voice
- You will also frequently see 剥奪 used in the passive form: [Object] が [Subject] によって 剥奪される (sareru - passive form). This emphasizes the thing that is taken away and the entity doing the taking. For instance, 彼の運転免許はスピード違反により剥奪された (His driver's license was revoked due to speeding violations). This passive construction is very common in news reports and formal writing.
- Noun Usage
- As a noun, 剥奪 can be used in phrases like 剥奪の権利 (hakudatsu no kenri - the right of deprivation) or 剥奪される権利 (hakudatsu sareru kenri - the right to be deprived). It can also be part of compound nouns or used with nominalizers. For example, 財産の剥奪 (zaisan no hakudatsu - the deprivation of property) is a common phrase.
- Formal and Legal Language
- Due to its strong meaning and implications, 剥奪 is predominantly used in formal contexts, especially in legal documents, political discourse, and serious news reporting. It is less common in casual everyday conversation unless discussing serious matters like crime or political upheaval. Using it in informal settings might sound overly dramatic or out of place.
- Connecting to Consequences
- Sentences using 剥奪 often describe a cause-and-effect relationship. The action of 剥奪 is a consequence of some prior event or action. For example, 規律違反のため、彼はチームから追放され、その地位を剥奪された (Due to disciplinary violation, he was expelled from the team and his position was stripped away). Understanding this consequential nature helps in predicting its usage.
- Expressing Loss of Abstract Concepts
- While it can apply to physical property, 剥奪 is very effective in describing the loss of abstract things like dignity, hope, or freedom. For instance, 戦争によって人々の尊厳が剥奪された (People's dignity was stripped away by the war). This highlights its versatility in conveying profound loss.
The court ordered the 剥奪 of the defendant's assets.
His citizenship was 剥奪 due to treason.
- Legal Proceedings
- In courtrooms and legal discussions, 剥奪 is a common term. You'll hear it when discussing the confiscation of assets in criminal cases, the revocation of professional licenses (like medical or legal licenses), or the loss of parental rights. For instance, a lawyer might argue against the 剥奪 of their client's property, or a judge might issue an order for the 剥奪 of certain privileges.
- Political and News Reporting
- News anchors and political commentators frequently use 剥奪 when reporting on government actions or societal issues. This could include the 剥奪 of voting rights from certain groups, the revocation of a country's trade privileges, or the stripping away of citizens' freedoms during times of unrest. It's a word that conveys significant governmental or institutional power.
- Human Rights Discussions
- Discussions about human rights abuses often involve the term 剥奪. Activists and organizations might speak out against the 剥奪 of basic human rights, such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, or the right to a fair trial. It's used to highlight severe violations of fundamental liberties.
- Academic and Historical Analysis
- In academic settings, particularly in history, sociology, and political science, 剥奪 is used to analyze events where groups have been systematically deprived of their rights or resources. For example, historians might discuss the 剥奪 of land from indigenous populations or the 剥奪 of political power from minority groups.
- Business and Finance
- While less common than in legal or political spheres, 剥奪 can appear in business contexts, especially related to sanctions, regulatory actions, or corporate governance. For instance, a company might face the 剥奪 of its operating license due to illegal activities, or investors might discuss the potential 剥奪 of their rights if a company's management acts improperly.
- Literature and Drama
- In literature and dramatic works, 剥奪 can be used to convey dramatic loss, injustice, or the fall of characters from grace. A character might experience the 剥奪 of their inheritance, their reputation, or even their very identity, adding significant emotional weight to the narrative.
The news reported on the 剥奪 of voting rights for felons.
Human rights activists protested the 剥奪 of freedom of speech.
- Confusing with Voluntary Giving Up
- A common mistake is to use 剥奪 when something is given up voluntarily or lost through negligence rather than being forcibly taken. For example, saying someone 剥奪 their own money is incorrect; they might say they 'spent' or 'lost' it. 剥奪 implies an external force or authority is involved in the removal.
- Using it for Minor Losses
- The word 剥奪 carries a strong connotation of significant loss, often involving rights, status, or valuable property. Using it for minor inconveniences, like losing a pencil or having your seat taken, would be an overstatement and sound unnatural. For such situations, words like 失う (ushinau - to lose) or 取られる (torareru - to be taken) are more appropriate.
- Incorrect Grammatical Forms
- Learners might misuse the verb or noun forms. For instance, trying to use the noun 剥奪 as a verb directly, like 剥奪した (hakudatsu shita), is incorrect. You need to use the verb form 剥奪する (hakudatsu suru) or its passive form 剥奪される (hakudatsu sareru). Conversely, using the verb form when the noun is needed, such as in compound phrases, would also be an error.
- Overuse in Casual Conversation
- Because 剥奪 is a formal and strong word, using it in casual, everyday conversations can sound overly dramatic or even aggressive. For example, complaining about a friend taking the last cookie by saying 剥奪 is inappropriate. Stick to more informal expressions for such situations.
- Misinterpreting the Agent
- It's crucial to understand who is doing the taking. 剥奪 is typically performed by an authority, institution, or as a result of a systematic process. If the context doesn't imply such an agent, then 剥奪 might not be the right word. For instance, if a natural disaster causes someone to lose their home, you might say 災害で家を失った (saigai de ie wo ushinatta - lost their home due to disaster) rather than implying the disaster itself performed a 剥奪.
Incorrect: 彼は自分の給料を剥奪した (He deprived himself of his salary).
Correct: 彼は自分の給料を減らされた (He had his salary reduced).
Incorrect: 友達にペンを剥奪された (My friend deprived me of my pen).
Correct: 友達にペンを取られた (My friend took my pen).
- 強制収容 (kyōsei shūyō) - Forced Confinement/Internment
- While 剥奪 focuses on the taking away of rights or property, 強制収容 refers specifically to the forced confinement of people, often in camps or detention centers. It's a specific type of deprivation of liberty, a severe form of 剥奪 of freedom.
- 没収 (bosshū) - Confiscation
- 没収 is a very close synonym to 剥奪, often interchangeable when referring to the taking of property or goods by an authority. For example, illegal items found by police are 没収される. 剥奪 can sometimes be broader, encompassing rights and status beyond just physical items. 没収 often implies a legal seizure for a transgression.
- 奪う (ubau) - To snatch, to take away
- 奪う is a more general verb meaning to snatch or take away. It can be used for both forceful and less formal situations, and can apply to tangible objects as well as abstract things like a smile or a life. 剥奪 is more formal and specifically refers to the systematic or authoritative removal of rights, status, or property.
- 剥ぐ (hagu) - To peel off, to strip
- 剥ぐ is a verb that means to peel off or strip something from a surface. For example, you might 剥ぐ paint from a wall. While it involves removal, it's usually literal and physical, like stripping off a layer. 剥奪 is abstract and refers to the removal of rights or status, not a physical layer.
- 権利放棄 (kenri hōki) - Renunciation of Rights
- This is the opposite of 剥奪. 権利放棄 means to voluntarily give up one's rights. While 剥奪 is about something being taken away, 権利放棄 is about intentionally relinquishing it. For example, someone might choose 権利放棄 of their inheritance.
- 無効化 (mukōka) - Invalidation
- 無効化 means to make something invalid or void. This can be related to 剥奪, as rights or licenses might be invalidated. However, 無効化 focuses on the loss of legal standing, while 剥奪 emphasizes the act of taking away and the resulting loss for the individual.
While both 没収 and 剥奪 involve taking away, 没収 often refers to illegal items or property seized by authorities, whereas 剥奪 can extend to rights, status, and privileges.
奪う is a general verb for taking, while 剥奪 is a more formal and specific term for the official or forceful removal of rights or status.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The kanji 剥 (haku) visually depicts a knife peeling something away from a surface, emphasizing the act of stripping. The kanji 奪 (datsu) often involves a hand reaching out to take something forcefully, sometimes with a sense of struggle. Together, these visual components reinforce the meaning of forcible taking away.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Mispronouncing the vowel sounds, particularly the 'u' sound, which should be short and crisp.
- Incorrectly stressing syllables; in Japanese, pitch accent is more common than stress, but for English speakers, a relatively even emphasis is generally best.
- Adding extra sounds or 'schwa' sounds where they don't exist in Japanese.
سطح دشواری
CEFR B2 level. Understanding the nuances of 剥奪 in complex texts requires a good grasp of formal Japanese and legal/political vocabulary. It's not a word encountered in basic reading materials.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Passive Voice (受身形 - ukemi-kei)
The sentence structure often involves the passive voice, e.g., [Object] は [Agent] によって 剥奪される. This highlights what is taken away. Example: 彼の自由は剥奪された (Kare no jiyū wa hakudatsu sareta. - His freedom was deprived).
Particles
The particle を (o) is used to mark the direct object of the verb 剥奪する. Example: 政府は国民の権利を剥奪した (Seifu wa kokumin no kenri o hakudatsu shita. - The government deprived the citizens of their rights).
Noun Modification
The noun 剥奪 can be modified by other nouns or phrases to specify what is being deprived. Example: 権利の剥奪 (kenri no hakudatsu - deprivation of rights).
Causative Form (使役形 - shieki-kei)
While less common with 剥奪 itself, the causative form could be used to describe someone causing another to perform an act of deprivation, e.g., 彼は部下に権利を剥奪させた (Kare wa buka ni kenri o hakudatsu saseta - He made his subordinate deprive others of their rights).
Nominalization
The verb 剥奪する can be nominalized with こと (koto) or の (no) to turn the action into a noun. Example: 権利を剥奪すること (kenri o hakudatsu suru koto - the act of depriving rights).
مثالها بر اساس سطح
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— The deprivation of rights. This phrase is very common when discussing legal and human rights issues.
人権団体は、政府による市民の権利の剥奪に強く反対した。 (Jinken dantai wa, seifu ni yoru shimin no kenri no hakudatsu ni tsuyoku hantai shita. - Human rights groups strongly opposed the government's deprivation of citizens' rights.)
— The confiscation or seizure of assets. This is frequently used in legal and financial contexts, especially concerning criminal activities.
裁判所は、詐欺師の資産の剥奪を命じた。 (Saibansho wa, sagishi no shisan no hakudatsu o meita. - The court ordered the confiscation of the fraudster's assets.)
— The removal of one's status or position. This can apply to professional roles, social standing, or even titles.
不正行為により、彼は役職の剥奪処分を受けた。 (Fusei kōi ni yori, kare wa yakushoku no hakudatsu shobun o uketa. - Due to misconduct, he received the punishment of having his position stripped.)
— The deprivation of freedom, typically through imprisonment or detention.
刑務所への収容は、自由の剥奪の最も一般的な形態である。 (Keimusho e no shūyō wa, jiyū no hakudatsu no mottomo ippanteki na keitai de aru. - Imprisonment is the most common form of deprivation of freedom.)
— The revocation of a license, such as a driver's license, medical license, or business license.
飲酒運転は、運転免許の剥奪につながる可能性がある。 (Inshu unten wa, unten menkyo no hakudatsu ni tsunagaru kanōsei ga aru. - Drunk driving can lead to the revocation of a driver's license.)
— The deprivation of citizenship. This is a serious legal consequence in some countries.
祖国を裏切った者には、市民権の剥奪が科されることがある。 (Sokoku o uragitta mono ni wa, shiminken no hakudatsu ga kasareru koto ga aru. - Those who betray their homeland may face the deprivation of their citizenship.)
— The removal of privileges. This can happen in various settings, from schools to workplaces.
規則違反のため、彼は特別待遇の剥奪を言い渡された。 (Kisoku ibun no tame, kare wa tokubetsu tairyō no hakudatsu o iwatasareta. - Due to breaking the rules, he was sentenced to the deprivation of special treatment.)
— The silencing or removal of the right to speak. This can occur in debates, meetings, or within societies.
会議で度々妨害したため、彼の発言権の剥奪が決まった。 (Kaigi de tabitabi bōgai shita tame, kare no hatsugenken no hakudatsu ga kimatta. - Because he repeatedly disrupted the meeting, the deprivation of his right to speak was decided.)
— The deprivation of legal rights. This is a broad term covering various legal entitlements.
その判決は、被告人の多くの法的権利の剥奪を意味した。 (Sono hanketsu wa, hikoku nin no ōku no hōteki kenri no hakudatsu o imi shita. - That verdict meant the deprivation of many of the defendant's legal rights.)
— The stripping away of one's social standing or status. This can lead to ostracism or loss of respect.
スキャンダルによって、彼は社会的身分の剥奪を経験した。 (Sukyandaru ni yotte, kare wa shakai-teki mibun no hakudatsu o keiken shita. - Through the scandal, he experienced the stripping away of his social standing.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
Both 没収 and 剥奪 involve taking away something, but 没収 typically refers to the confiscation of illegal items or property by authorities. 剥奪 is broader and can include rights, status, or privileges, and often implies a more systematic or authoritative process. For example, illegal drugs are 没収, while voting rights might be 剥奪.
奪う is a general verb meaning to snatch or take away. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts, and for both tangible and intangible things. 剥奪 is more formal and specifically refers to the forceful or official removal of rights, status, or property. You might 奪う someone's wallet, but a court would 剥奪 someone's license.
This is the opposite of 剥奪. 権利放棄 means to voluntarily give up one's rights, whereas 剥奪 means rights are taken away against one's will. For example, signing a waiver is 権利放棄, while having a license revoked is 剥奪.
بهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both involve the act of taking something away, often by an authority.
没収 specifically refers to the seizure of property, often illegal items or assets that are the proceeds of a crime. 剥奪 is broader and can encompass rights, status, privileges, and even abstract concepts like dignity. 没収 is more about confiscation of goods, while 剥奪 is about the removal of entitlements.
The police ordered the 没収 of the counterfeit money. (警察は偽札の没収を命じた。) The court ordered the 剥奪 of the defendant's driving privileges. (裁判所は被告人の運転特権の剥奪を命じた。)
It is a general verb for taking something away.
奪う is a general verb that can mean to snatch, steal, or take away. It can be used in many contexts, from physically taking an object to taking someone's life or happiness. 剥奪 is a more formal and specific term used for the official or forceful removal of rights, status, or property by an authority or through a systematic process. 剥奪 carries a stronger implication of legal or institutional action.
A thief might 奪う a purse from someone's hand. (泥棒は人の手からハンドバッグを奪うかもしれない。) A government might 剥奪 a citizen's citizenship. (政府は国民の市民権を剥奪するかもしれない。)
Both involve the idea of removal.
剥ぎ取る literally means to peel off or strip something from a surface, like paint from a wall or bark from a tree. It's a physical, often literal, act of removal. 剥奪, on the other hand, is abstract and refers to the removal of rights, status, or privileges, typically by an authority or through a formal process.
He 剥ぎ取った the old wallpaper from the wall. (彼は壁から古い壁紙を剥ぎ取った。) The authorities decided to 剥奪 his license to practice medicine. (当局は彼の医師免許を剥奪することを決定した。)
Both relate to rights.
権利放棄 means the voluntary renunciation or giving up of one's rights. It's an act of relinquishing something. 剥奪 means rights are forcibly taken away by an external party, often an authority. They are direct opposites in terms of agency and volition.
She chose 権利放棄 of her inheritance. (彼女は遺産の権利放棄を選んだ。) The government imposed the 剥奪 of her citizenship. (政府は彼女の市民権の剥奪を課した。)
Both imply a loss or decline.
没落 refers to ruin, decline, or downfall, often of a family, fortune, or status. It implies a process of deterioration and loss. 剥奪 is the act of forcibly taking away something specific, like a right or property, which might *lead* to 没落, but it's not the same as the gradual process of ruin itself.
The noble family experienced 没落 after the revolution. (その貴族の家系は革命後に没落した。) The king's decree led to the 剥奪 of the nobleman's lands. (王の布告は貴族の土地の剥奪につながった。)
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Subject] は [Object] を 剥奪する。
The committee decided to 剥奪 his membership. (委員会は彼の会員資格を剥奪することを決定した。)
[Object] は [Agent] によって 剥奪される。
His driver's license was 剥奪された due to repeated offenses. (度重なる違反により、彼の運転免許は剥奪された。)
[Noun] の 剥奪
The 剥奪 of his property caused great hardship. (彼の財産の剥奪は大きな困難を引き起こした。)
[Subject] は [Object] から [Thing] を 剥奪する。
The new law will 剥奪 citizens from their basic rights. (新しい法律は、国民から基本的な権利を剥奪するだろう。)
[Agent] は [Object] の [Right/Status] を 剥奪する。
The dictator 剥奪 the people of their freedom of speech. (独裁者は国民から言論の自由を剥奪した。)
[Object] の 剥奪 は [Consequence] を もたらす。
The 剥奪 of his pension led to financial ruin. (彼の年金の剥奪は経済的破滅をもたらした。)
[Agent] は [Object] に 対し [Action] を 剥奪する。
The government took measures to 剥奪 the company's operating license. (政府は、その会社の営業免許を剥奪するための措置を講じた。)
[Event] は [Object] を 剥奪する 結果 となった。
The war resulted in the 剥奪 of their homeland. (戦争は彼らの故郷の剥奪という結果となった。)
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Low to Medium (in general conversation), High (in legal/political contexts)
-
Using 剥奪 for everyday losses.
→
Using simpler verbs like 失う (ushinau - to lose) or 取る (toru - to take).
The word 剥奪 implies a forceful or official removal by an authority. Using it for minor, everyday losses (e.g., losing a pencil) is an overstatement and incorrect. For instance, instead of saying 'My pen was 剥奪ed by my friend,' say 'My friend took my pen' (友達にペンを取られた - tomodachi ni pen o torareta).
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Confusing the active and passive forms.
→
Using 剥奪する for active voice and 剥奪される for passive voice.
Learners might incorrectly use the noun form as a verb or mix up the active and passive conjugations. Remember that 剥奪する (hakudatsu suru) is active (Subject performs the action) and 剥奪される (hakudatsu sareru) is passive (Object is acted upon). Example: The court 剥奪した (hakudatsu shita - deprived) the license. The license was 剥奪された (hakudatsu sareta - was deprived).
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Using 剥奪 in informal settings.
→
Using more casual language appropriate for the situation.
剥奪 is a formal and strong word. Using it in casual conversation can sound overly dramatic or even aggressive. For example, if someone takes the last cookie, you would not say they 剥奪ed it; you'd say they took it (取った - totta).
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Equating 剥奪 with voluntary relinquishment.
→
Understanding that 剥奪 implies an involuntary loss.
The core meaning of 剥奪 is that something is taken away *from* someone, often against their will or by force. It is not the same as voluntarily giving something up (e.g., 権利放棄 - kenri hōki, renunciation of rights). A key distinction is the presence of an external agent imposing the loss.
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Using 剥奪 for minor punishments or inconveniences.
→
Using less severe vocabulary for less serious consequences.
While 剥奪 can describe the loss of privileges, it's typically reserved for significant ones, like professional licenses or fundamental rights. For minor disciplinary actions, other words might be more appropriate. For example, a small penalty might be a fine, not a 剥奪 of basic rights.
نکات
Mastering the Passive Voice
Sentences involving 剥奪 often use the passive form (～される - sareru) to emphasize what was taken away. For example, 「彼の権利は剥奪された」 (Kare no kenri wa hakudatsu sareta - His rights were deprived). Understanding this passive construction is crucial for comprehending news reports and formal texts where this word frequently appears.
Formal vs. Informal Usage
Remember that 剥奪 is a formal word. Avoid using it in casual conversations. For everyday situations where something is taken or lost, use simpler verbs like 取る (toru - to take) or 失う (ushinau - to lose). Reserve 剥奪 for discussions about legal, political, or serious disciplinary actions.
Connect to Related Concepts
Think of 剥奪 as part of a larger set of words related to loss and authority. Words like 没収 (bosshū - confiscation), 権利 (kenri - right), and 権力 (kenryoku - power) are often found in similar contexts. Understanding these related terms will deepen your comprehension.
Visualize the Action
Imagine a strong, official hand forcefully peeling away a badge or a title. The 'peeling' aspect relates to the kanji 剥 (haku), and the 'forceful taking' relates to 奪 (datsu). This visual can help solidify the meaning of imposed, authoritative removal.
Identify the Agent and Object
When you encounter 剥奪, always try to identify who is doing the taking (the agent, often an authority) and what is being taken away (the object, such as rights, property, or status). This will clarify the specific meaning and impact of the word in the sentence.
Distinguish from Voluntary Actions
It's crucial to remember that 剥奪 implies an involuntary loss. It is not the same as giving something up willingly (like 権利放棄 - kenri hōki, renunciation of rights). The core idea is that something is taken *from* someone, not given away *by* them.
Practice the Sounds
Practice saying 剥奪 (はくだつ - hakudatsu) clearly. Ensure the vowel sounds are distinct and there's no unnecessary emphasis on any single syllable, as Japanese uses pitch accent rather than strong stress. Focus on a smooth, even pronunciation.
Write Your Own Sentences
After learning the definition and common patterns, try writing your own sentences using 剥奪. Start with simple structures like 'The government 剥奪 rights' and gradually move to more complex sentences, perhaps involving passive voice or abstract objects.
Read News Articles
Seek out Japanese news articles or formal reports that discuss legal cases, political changes, or human rights issues. These are prime locations to encounter 剥奪 in its natural context and see how it is used by native speakers.
Compare with Similar Words
Actively compare 剥奪 with similar words like 没収 (bosshū) and 奪う (ubau). Understanding their subtle differences in formality, scope, and nuance will prevent confusion and allow for more precise vocabulary use.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a 'HAKU' (like a white paper) being 'DA-TSU' (taken) from you by a stern official. The white paper represents something important like a right or status, and the official taking it is the authority imposing the 剥奪.
تداعی تصویری
Picture a hand forcefully peeling away a layer of paint (剥 - haku) from a wall, and then snatching away a valuable item (奪 - datsu) from beneath it. The peeling represents the stripping of what was there, and the snatching represents the forceful removal of rights or property.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to think of three distinct scenarios where 剥奪 would be the appropriate word to describe what happened, and write a short sentence for each. For instance, a government might 剥奪 a company's license, a court might 剥奪 a criminal's assets, or a dictator might 剥奪 citizens' freedoms.
ریشه کلمه
The word 剥奪 (はくだつ - hakudatsu) is a compound word derived from two kanji: 剥 (haku/hagu) and 奪 (datsu/ubau).
معنای اصلی: The kanji 剥 (haku/hagu) means to peel off, strip, or skin. The kanji 奪 (datsu/ubau) means to snatch away, take by force, or rob. Combined, they literally suggest 'to strip away and snatch,' conveying the strong sense of forceful removal.
Sino-Japanese (both kanji have Chinese origins).بافت فرهنگی
The term 剥奪 carries a strong negative connotation and describes a serious event. It should be used with care, especially when discussing human rights or personal misfortunes. Avoid using it lightly or in casual conversation.
In English-speaking contexts, terms like 'deprivation,' 'forfeiture,' 'revocation,' or 'stripping away' carry similar meanings. The nuance of 剥奪 often aligns with the formal and legalistic usage of these English equivalents.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Legal proceedings and criminal justice
- 財産の剥奪
- 免許の剥奪
- 権利の剥奪
Political and governmental actions
- 市民権の剥奪
- 投票権の剥奪
- 特権の剥奪
Corporate governance and professional conduct
- 地位の剥奪
- 免許の剥奪
- 職務剥奪
Human rights and social justice issues
- 自由の剥奪
- 尊厳の剥奪
- 基本的人権の剥奪
Historical analysis of power and control
- 土地の剥奪
- 権力の剥奪
- 身分の剥奪
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"Have you ever heard of a situation where someone's rights were taken away by the government?"
"What do you think are the most important rights that should never be deprived?"
"In which situations do you think it's acceptable for an authority to take away someone's property?"
"How does the concept of 'deprivation' differ from simply 'losing' something?"
"Can you imagine a scenario where someone's social status could be stripped away?"
"What are the consequences of having your freedom taken away?"
"When discussing legal matters, what kind of vocabulary related to loss or seizure do you commonly encounter?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a fictional scenario where a character experiences the 剥奪 of something precious, focusing on their emotional response.
Reflect on a time you felt something was unfairly taken away from you, even if it wasn't a formal 剥奪. How did it make you feel?
Research a historical event where a group of people experienced the 剥奪 of their rights or land. What were the causes and consequences?
Imagine you are a lawyer defending a client against the 剥奪 of their professional license. What would be your main arguments?
Consider the ethical implications of a government having the power to 剥奪 its citizens' rights. Under what circumstances, if any, might this be justified?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالYes, 剥奪 is almost always used in a negative context. It signifies a loss of something important that was previously held or was rightfully possessed. It implies an unjust or forceful removal, leading to hardship or disadvantage for the person or group experiencing it. Even when it's a legal consequence for wrongdoing, it's still a negative outcome for the individual involved.
Yes, absolutely. While it often applies to tangible things like property or money, 剥 奪 is also frequently used to describe the removal of abstract concepts. For example, one might speak of the 剥奪 of dignity, freedom, hope, or even one's identity, especially in contexts of oppression or severe hardship.
The act of 剥奪 is usually performed by an authority figure or institution. This includes governments, courts, law enforcement agencies, or sometimes organizations with disciplinary power. It can also occur as a result of a systematic process or policy implemented by such authorities. It implies a power imbalance where the agent has the authority to take away something from another party.
The key difference lies in agency and volition. 'Losing' something (e.g., 失う - ushinau) can be accidental, due to negligence, or simply a natural process. 剥奪, however, implies a forceful, often deliberate, action by an external party that takes something away. It's not a passive loss; it's an active deprivation.
No, 剥奪 is a formal and strong word. It's generally not used in casual everyday conversations unless discussing serious matters like crime, politics, or legal issues. Using it for minor inconveniences would sound overly dramatic and inappropriate. For everyday situations, more common verbs like 'to lose' (失う - ushinau) or 'to take' (取る - toru) are used.
In some cases, yes. For example, if a license is revoked due to a temporary issue, it might be possible to have it reinstated after fulfilling certain conditions. However, 剥 奪 of citizenship or permanent rights is often irreversible. The possibility of reversal depends heavily on the specific context and the nature of what was taken away.
The consequences of 剥奪 can be severe, ranging from financial hardship and loss of livelihood to the loss of fundamental freedoms and dignity. It can lead to social marginalization, psychological distress, and significant disruption to an individual's life or a group's existence. The impact is usually profound and long-lasting.
No, 剥奪 itself is inherently negative. It describes a loss that is imposed. However, the *reason* for 剥奪 might be considered positive by some, such as the 剥奪 of privileges from a bully or the 剥奪 of assets from a criminal to prevent further harm. But the act of 剥奪 itself is always a deprivation for the one experiencing it.
While both involve taking things away, 没収 specifically refers to the confiscation of property, often illegal items or assets. 剥奪 is broader and can apply to rights, status, and privileges, not just physical property. For instance, illegal drugs are 没収, while a driver's license might be 剥奪.
Focus on the idea of 'forceful removal by authority.' Think of it as a stern hand taking away something important, like a king stripping a knight of his armor and titles, or a court taking away a criminal's assets. The kanji themselves, 剥 (peel/strip) and 奪 (snatch/rob), visually reinforce this idea of forceful taking.
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Summary
剥奪 (hakudatsu) signifies the forceful or systematic removal of rights, status, or property, typically by an authority or through official channels. It's a formal term used in contexts of law, politics, and serious consequences, emphasizing an imposed loss.
- Forcefully taking away rights, status, or property.
- Often done by authorities or through legal means.
- Implies an imposed loss, not voluntary.
- Used in legal, political, and formal contexts.
Mastering the Passive Voice
Sentences involving 剥奪 often use the passive form (～される - sareru) to emphasize what was taken away. For example, 「彼の権利は剥奪された」 (Kare no kenri wa hakudatsu sareta - His rights were deprived). Understanding this passive construction is crucial for comprehending news reports and formal texts where this word frequently appears.
Formal vs. Informal Usage
Remember that 剥奪 is a formal word. Avoid using it in casual conversations. For everyday situations where something is taken or lost, use simpler verbs like 取る (toru - to take) or 失う (ushinau - to lose). Reserve 剥奪 for discussions about legal, political, or serious disciplinary actions.
Connect to Related Concepts
Think of 剥奪 as part of a larger set of words related to loss and authority. Words like 没収 (bosshū - confiscation), 権利 (kenri - right), and 権力 (kenryoku - power) are often found in similar contexts. Understanding these related terms will deepen your comprehension.
Visualize the Action
Imagine a strong, official hand forcefully peeling away a badge or a title. The 'peeling' aspect relates to the kanji 剥 (haku), and the 'forceful taking' relates to 奪 (datsu). This visual can help solidify the meaning of imposed, authoritative removal.
مثال
不正行為が発覚し、彼はメダルを剥奪された。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر law
事例
B2A specific case or instance that serves as an example. It is often used in legal, medical, or business research to illustrate a point.
準拠
B2مبتنی بر استاندارد، قانون، یا سابقه بودن؛ عمل کردن یا خلق کردن مطابق با دستورالعملهای مشخص.
抵触
B2To come into conflict with or violate a law, rule, or regulation. It is often used in legal or formal contexts when an action goes against established norms.
著作権
B2حق تکثیر یا کپیرایت، حق قانونی انحصاری پدیدآورنده برای اثر اصلی اوست.
不利益
B2ضرر یا زیانی که به کسی وارد میشود. به وضعیتی اشاره دارد که در آن منافع فرد آسیب میبیند.
施行
B2اجرای رسمی یک قانون یا مقررات. قانون جدید از ابتدای سال آینده اجرا (施行) میشود.
履行
B2اجرای یک تعهد قانونی یا قراردادی.
知的財産
B2مالکیت معنوی به خلاقیتهای ذهنی مانند اختراعات، آثار ادبی و هنری اشاره دارد.
立証
B2اثبات حقیقت با استفاده از مدارک و شواهد.
明示
B2To state or show something clearly and explicitly so there is no ambiguity. Often used in instructions, contracts, and academic arguments.
