At the A1 level, you don't need to use the word 立証 (risshō) yet. It is a very difficult word. However, you can understand it as a very 'strong' way to say 'This is true because I have evidence.' In English, A1 students use 'This is proof.' In Japanese, you would use a much simpler word like 本当 (hontō - truth) or 見せる (miseru - to show). Imagine you are in a courtroom in a movie. When the lawyer shouts and shows a paper, they are doing '立証.' For now, just remember that words ending in 証 (shō) usually have something to do with 'proof' or 'evidence.' You might see this kanji on your student ID (学生証 - gakuseishō). Learning this kanji early will help you later when you encounter more complex words like 立証.
As an A2 learner, you are starting to see more 'kanji compounds' (two or more kanji put together). 立証 (risshō) is one of these. You might hear it in Japanese anime or dramas, especially police shows. At this level, you should focus on the difference between 証明 (shōmei - proof) and 立証. While you might use 'shōmei' to prove you are a student or to prove a simple fact, 'risshō' is used for bigger things, like proving someone did a crime. You don't need to use it in your own speaking yet, but if you hear it on TV, you can think: 'Ah, they are talking about formal evidence.' A good way to remember it is to look at the first kanji 立 (ritsu), which means 'to stand.' You are making the truth 'stand up' so everyone can see it.
At the B1 level, you should begin to recognize the specific contexts where 立証 (risshō) is used. This is the level where you transition from 'everyday Japanese' to 'professional/academic Japanese.' You will encounter this word in news articles and formal essays. It is important to know that 立証する is a verb. For example, if you are writing a short essay about a social issue, you might say 'It is difficult to prove this' using これを立証するのは難しい (Kore wo risshō suru no wa muzukashii). This sounds much more sophisticated than using 'shōmei.' You should also be aware of the passive form 立証される (is substantiated), as it is very common in formal writing. At this level, try to use it when you are discussing facts that require serious evidence, like scientific data or historical facts.
For B2 learners, 立証 (risshō) is an essential vocabulary item. You are expected to understand its legal and academic nuances. You should be able to use it in discussions about law, science, and formal logic. A key concept at this level is the 立証責任 (risshō sekinin) or 'burden of proof.' In a debate, you might say, 'The burden of proof lies with the person making the claim.' In Japanese: 主張する側に立証責任がある (Shuchō suru gawa ni risshō sekinin ga aru). You should also be comfortable with collocations like 事実を立証する (substantiate the facts) and 有罪を立証する (substantiate guilt). At B2, you are expected to distinguish between 立証, 実証 (empirical proof), and 検証 (verification/inspection). Using the correct word shows a high level of linguistic precision.
At the C1 level, you should have a nuanced command of 立証 (risshō) and be able to use it in complex legal or philosophical arguments. You understand that 立証 is not just about 'showing' evidence, but about the 'formal establishment' of a truth within a specific procedural framework. You can use it to discuss the validity of scientific methodologies or the intricacies of judicial rulings. For instance, you might analyze how a lack of 立証 leads to a specific legal outcome. You should also be familiar with more obscure related terms like 反証 (hanshō - counter-evidence/disproof). In professional writing, you can use 立証 to create a tone of clinical objectivity. You are also aware of the historical development of the term in the Japanese legal system, transitioning from traditional concepts of 'proof' to the modern, evidence-based system.
For C2 learners, 立証 (risshō) is a tool for precision in the highest levels of discourse. You can use it to discuss ontological proofs, the philosophy of science, and the most complex aspects of the law. You understand the subtle differences between 立証 and 証左 (shōsa), and you can deploy them to achieve specific rhetorical effects. In a legal context, you can discuss the 'standard of proof' (立証の程度) and how it varies between civil and criminal cases. You are capable of reading and producing texts where 立証 is used to build a rigorous, step-by-step argument. Your understanding extends to the 'burden of production' vs. the 'burden of persuasion' within the Japanese concept of 立証責任. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item, but a fundamental concept in your ability to engage with Japanese intellectual life at a native-equivalent level.
立証 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 立証 (risshō) means to substantiate or prove a fact using formal evidence.
- It is primarily used in legal, scientific, and highly academic contexts.
- Commonly paired with 'burden of proof' (立証責任) in Japanese law.
- It is more formal and specific than the general word for proof, 証明 (shōmei).
The Japanese word 立証 (risshō) is a formal noun and suru-verb that specifically refers to the act of proving a fact, hypothesis, or claim through the presentation of concrete evidence. While the English word 'proof' can be used casually (e.g., 'I have proof you ate my cake'), 立証 carries a heavy, formal weight, typically reserved for legal, scientific, or highly academic contexts. In the Japanese legal system, it refers to the process where a party satisfies the burden of proof to convince a judge or jury of a particular fact. The nuance is not just 'showing' something, but 'establishing' it so firmly that it stands as an objective truth.
- Etymology of Kanji
- The first kanji 立 (ritsu) means 'to stand' or 'to establish.' The second kanji 証 (shō) means 'evidence,' 'proof,' or 'to testify.' Together, they literally mean 'to make evidence stand,' or to establish a foundation of truth through evidence.
In everyday conversation, Japanese speakers rarely use 立証. Instead, they might use 証明 (shōmei), which is the more common term for 'proof' or 'demonstration.' You would use 立証 when the stakes are high—such as in a courtroom or when a scientist is validating a new theory that challenges existing paradigms. It implies a rigorous process of verification.
検察官は被告の有罪を立証するために、新たな証拠を提出した。
The prosecutor submitted new evidence to substantiate the defendant's guilt.
Furthermore, 立証 is often paired with the word 責任 (sekinin - responsibility) to form 立証責任 (risshō sekinin), meaning 'burden of proof.' This is a critical term in both civil and criminal law. If you are the one making an accusation, the 立証責任 lies with you. Understanding this word helps learners navigate news reports, legal dramas, and complex non-fiction literature in Japanese.
その理論の正しさを立証するのは非常に困難だ。
It is extremely difficult to substantiate the correctness of that theory.
- Scientific Context
- Scientists use 立証 when a hypothesis moves from being a mere suggestion to a proven fact through empirical data. It is the gold standard of verification.
実験データによって、彼の仮説が立証された。
His hypothesis was substantiated by the experimental data.
In summary, 立証 is about the formal establishment of truth. It is a word of high modality, used when evidence is presented to close a case or settle a debate once and for all. It is the 'case closed' word of the Japanese language.
Using 立証 (risshō) correctly requires understanding its role as a transitive noun-verb. You 'substantiate' something (an object). Typically, the object of 立証 is a fact (事実), guilt (有罪), innocence (無実), or a hypothesis (仮説). The particle を (wo) is used to mark this object.
- Common Grammatical Patterns
- 1. [Object] を立証する (To substantiate [Object])
2. [Object] が立証される ( [Object] is substantiated - Passive)
3. 立証に成功する (To succeed in substantiating)
4. 立証が困難である (Substantiation is difficult)
Let's look at how this functions in a professional report or a news broadcast. When a journalist says 'the facts were substantiated,' they use the passive form 立証された.
アリバイを立証できる証人が現れた。
A witness appeared who can substantiate the alibi.
In this example, 'alibi' is the object. The witness provides the means for the 立証. Notice how the word feels more 'official' than just saying 'prove.' If you said 'alibi wo shōmei dekiru,' it would sound like a casual detective show; 'alibi wo risshō dekiru' sounds like a real court transcript.
因果関係を立証するのは、科学的に見て容易ではない。
Substantiating a causal relationship is not easy from a scientific perspective.
Another important usage is in the negative. When evidence is lacking, we say 立証できない (cannot substantiate) or 立証が不十分 (insufficient substantiation). This is common in legal rulings where a person might be 'not guilty' not because they are innocent, but because the crime could not be 立証-ed.
証拠不十分のため、有罪を立証できなかった。
Due to insufficient evidence, guilt could not be substantiated.
- Contextual Nuance
- In Japanese philosophy or high-level debate, 立証 is the process of moving from a 'claim' (主張) to a 'truth' (真実). It is the bridge of evidence.
Finally, remember that 立証 is almost always about external, objective facts. You don't '立証' your love for someone (that's too clinical!); you '証明' it with a gift or a gesture. Use 立証 for the cold, hard world of facts and logic.
If you are a fan of Japanese media, you have likely encountered 立証 (risshō) in specific genres. The most common place is in legal dramas and mystery novels. Shows like 'Hero,' '99.9 Criminal Lawyer,' or the 'Gyakuten Saiban' (Ace Attorney) video game series are goldmines for this vocabulary. In these contexts, the characters are constantly discussing whether a piece of evidence is enough to substantiate a claim.
- News and Media
- On the NHK 7 o'clock news, you will hear 立証 when reporters discuss ongoing trials or government investigations. For instance, when a company is accused of fraud, the news will report on whether the authorities can substantiate the charges.
検察側は、犯行の計画性を立証する方針だ。
The prosecution plans to substantiate the premeditated nature of the crime.
In the world of academia and science, 立証 is the standard term for proving a theorem or a scientific law. If you read a paper in the 'Nature Japan' journal or a Japanese medical journal, the researchers will describe how their experiments substantiated their findings. It conveys a sense of rigorous peer-reviewed truth.
You might also hear it in business contexts, particularly in quality control or compliance. If a product fails, the company must substantiate that they followed all safety protocols. This isn't just 'checking' (確認); it's 'proving' through documentation.
新薬の有効性が臨床試験で立証された。
The effectiveness of the new drug was substantiated in clinical trials.
Lastly, in historical documentaries, historians use 立証 when discussing whether ancient texts or archaeological finds 'substantiate' a particular historical event. It’s about turning a legend into a historical fact.
- Summary of Domains
- • Law: Proving guilt/innocence.
• Science: Proving hypotheses/theories.
• Business: Proving compliance/safety.
• History: Proving historical occurrences.
The most frequent mistake learners make with 立証 (risshō) is overusing it in casual situations where 証明 (shōmei) would be more appropriate. Think of 立証 as a tuxedo and 証明 as a business suit. You wouldn't wear a tuxedo to a casual lunch.
- Mistake 1: Personal Feelings
- Incorrect: 彼は私への愛を立証した (He substantiated his love for me).
Correct: 彼は私への愛を証明した (He proved his love for me).
Explanation: Love is a feeling, not a legal fact. Using '立証' makes it sound like he brought a lawyer and a signed affidavit to the date.
Another common error is confusing 立証 with 検証 (kenshō). While they are related, they represent different stages of an investigation.
Learners also struggle with the object of the verb. You substantiate a proposition or a fact. You do not substantiate a person. For example, you don't 'substantiate the witness'; you 'substantiate the witness's testimony' (証言を立証する).
❌ 犯人を立証する (Substantiate the criminal - Incorrect)
✅ 犯人の罪を立証する (Substantiate the criminal's crime - Correct)
- Confusion with 実証 (Jisshō)
- 実証 (Jisshō) refers to proof through 'actual practice' or 'empirical evidence.' It is very close to 立証, but 実証 is more common in science and engineering (e.g., a 'proof of concept' is 実証実験), whereas 立証 is more common in law.
Lastly, watch out for the 'Burden of Proof' (立証責任). Some learners say '証明責任' (shōmei sekinin). While understandable, 立証責任 is the fixed legal term. Using the wrong word in a formal debate will make you sound less proficient.
Japanese has several words for 'proof' and 'verification.' Choosing the right one depends entirely on the context and level of formality. Here is a comparison of 立証 (risshō) with its peers.
- 立証 (Risshō) vs. 証明 (Shōmei)
- 証明 is the most versatile. It covers everything from 'math proofs' to 'ID cards' (身分証明書). 立証 is a subset of 証明 used specifically for 'substantiating a claim with evidence' in formal settings.
- 立証 (Risshō) vs. 実証 (Jisshō)
- 実証 emphasizes the 'actual' (実) nature of the proof—usually through experiments or real-world data. 立証 focuses on the 'establishment' (立) of the truth in a logical or legal sense. Use 実証 for technology and 立証 for legal guilt.
この技術の有用性はすでに実証されている。
The usefulness of this technology has already been empirically proven (実証).
- 立証 (Risshō) vs. 証左 (Shōsa)
- 証左 is a very literary and formal noun meaning 'evidence' or 'corroboration.' It is not a verb. You would say 'A is the 証左 of B.' It is even more formal and rare than 立証.
Other alternatives include 確証 (kakushō), which means 'conclusive proof' or 'positive evidence.' While 立証 is the act of proving, 確証 is the 'solid proof' itself. If you have 確証, you can easily perform 立証.
In a professional setting, choosing 立証 over 証明 signals that you understand the gravity of the situation and the requirement for a high standard of evidence. It is a 'power word' for those aiming for N1 or N2 proficiency.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The kanji 証 (shō) contains the 'speech' radical (言), suggesting that original 'proof' was often oral testimony or witnessing.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing it as 'risho' (forgetting the double 's').
- Shortening the final 'o' sound.
- Using an English 'r' sound instead of the Japanese flap.
سطح دشواری
Requires knowledge of N2/N1 level kanji and formal contexts.
The kanji 証 is common, but 立証 as a concept is advanced.
Rarely used in speech except in specific professions.
Frequently heard in news and dramas.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Suru-verbs (Nouns that become verbs)
立証 + する = 立証する
Passive voice in formal contexts
事実が立証された。
Nominalization with 'の' and 'こと'
立証するのは難しい。
Reason marker 'ため' in formal writing
立証不十分のため、釈放された。
Target marker 'において'
裁判において立証を行う。
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これは本当だと立証します。
I will prove this is true.
Simple suru-verb usage.
彼は立証が上手です。
He is good at proving things.
Noun usage with '上手'.
立証のために写真を使います。
I use photos for proof.
Purpose marker 'のために'.
それは立証できません。
I cannot prove that.
Potential negative form.
立証は大切です。
Proof is important.
Topic marker 'は'.
本で立証します。
I will prove it with a book.
Instrumental particle 'で'.
立証したいです。
I want to prove it.
Desire form 'たい'.
みんなで立証しましょう。
Let's all prove it together.
Volitional form 'ましょう'.
証拠を見せて、事実を立証しました。
I showed evidence and substantiated the facts.
Te-form for sequence of actions.
そのニュースは事実を立証していません。
That news is not substantiating the facts.
Te-iru negative form.
科学者は新しい星を立証しました。
The scientist substantiated the new star.
Past tense 'しました'.
立証するのは難しい仕事です。
Substantiating is a difficult job.
Nominalizing with 'の'.
彼は自分の正しさを立証しようとしました。
He tried to substantiate his correctness.
Volitional + 'とする' (try to).
警察は犯人を立証しようとしています。
The police are trying to substantiate the criminal (their guilt).
Present continuous attempt.
立証された事実は一つだけです。
There is only one substantiated fact.
Passive participle modifying a noun.
このデータで立証できますか？
Can you substantiate it with this data?
Potential form question.
裁判で無実を立証するのは時間がかかる。
It takes time to substantiate innocence in court.
Dictionary form + 'のは'.
新しい薬の効果が臨床試験で立証された。
The effect of the new drug was substantiated in clinical trials.
Passive voice 'された'.
その理論を立証するための十分な証拠がない。
There isn't enough evidence to substantiate that theory.
Modifying a noun with 'ための'.
彼は自分のアリバイを完璧に立証した。
He perfectly substantiated his alibi.
Adverb '完璧に' modifying the verb.
立証が不十分なため、裁判は延期された。
Because the substantiation was insufficient, the trial was postponed.
Reason marker 'ため'.
事実を立証することによって、信頼を得た。
By substantiating the facts, he gained trust.
Method marker 'ことによって'.
立証責任は原告側にある。
The burden of proof lies with the plaintiff.
Specific legal collocation.
この実験が成功すれば、仮説が立証されるだろう。
If this experiment succeeds, the hypothesis will likely be substantiated.
Conditional 'ば' and 'だろう' (conjecture).
検察は被告の殺意を立証することに全力を注いだ。
The prosecution devoted all their efforts to substantiating the defendant's intent to kill.
Focusing on the process with 'ことに'.
客観的な証拠なしに、その主張を立証することは不可能だ。
Without objective evidence, it is impossible to substantiate that claim.
Negative condition 'なしに'.
この文書が、当時の状況を立証する重要な鍵となる。
This document will be an important key to substantiating the situation at that time.
Future/Certainty marker 'となる'.
因果関係を科学的に立証するのは、極めて困難な作業である。
Substantiating the causal relationship scientifically is an extremely difficult task.
Formal copula 'である'.
専門家の証言によって、その理論の正当性が立証された。
The validity of the theory was substantiated by expert testimony.
Passive with agent 'によって'.
立証段階において、新たな問題が浮上した。
At the substantiation stage, a new problem surfaced.
Time/Stage marker 'において'.
弁護士は、依頼人の無実を立証するために奔走している。
The lawyer is busy running around to substantiate his client's innocence.
Continuous action 'している'.
十分な立証がなされない限り、判決は下せない。
Unless sufficient substantiation is made, a verdict cannot be reached.
Conditional 'ない限り' (unless).
歴史学において、文献のみで事実を立証することには限界がある。
In historiography, there are limits to substantiating facts solely through literature.
Limitation marker 'のみで'.
この研究は、先行研究の誤りを立証することを目的としている。
This study aims to substantiate the errors in previous research.
Objective marker 'を目的としている'.
立証のプロセス自体に、バイアスが含まれている可能性を否定できない。
One cannot deny the possibility that bias is included in the substantiation process itself.
Double negative for emphasis '否定できない'.
彼が提示した証拠は、論理的な立証としては不十分であった。
The evidence he presented was insufficient as a logical substantiation.
Formal past copula 'であった'.
裁判所は、検察側の立証が合理的な疑いを超えていないと判断した。
The court ruled that the prosecution's substantiation did not go beyond a reasonable doubt.
Complex legal phrasing.
科学的立証が待たれる中、多くの憶測が飛び交っている。
While scientific substantiation is awaited, many speculations are flying around.
Simultaneous action '中'.
その事象を数学的に立証するには、高度な計算が必要だ。
To substantiate that phenomenon mathematically, advanced calculations are necessary.
Purpose marker 'するには'.
立証の困難さが、この事件の解決を阻んでいる。
The difficulty of substantiation is hindering the resolution of this case.
Nominalized adjective '困難さ'.
存在論的な証明と、経験的な立証の間には、埋めがたい溝が存在する。
There exists an unbridgeable gap between ontological proof and empirical substantiation.
Philosophical register.
法哲学の観点から、立証責任の所在は正義の実現に直結する。
From the perspective of legal philosophy, the location of the burden of proof is directly linked to the realization of justice.
Highly formal academic phrasing.
微細な証拠の積み重ねが、最終的な立証へと結実した。
The accumulation of minute evidence culminated in the final substantiation.
Metaphorical verb '結実した'.
立証の不備を突くことが、弁護側の主要な戦略であった。
Exploiting flaws in the substantiation was the defense's primary strategy.
Gerund-like usage '突くこと'.
その理論は、いかなる反証にも耐えうる立証がなされている。
The theory has been substantiated in a way that can withstand any disproof.
Potential auxiliary 'うる'.
立証における蓋然性の程度が、判決の行方を左右する。
The degree of probability in the substantiation determines the direction of the verdict.
Abstract noun '蓋然性' (probability).
彼は、自らの潔白を立証するために、生涯を捧げる覚悟だ。
He is prepared to devote his life to substantiating his innocence.
Strong determination phrase '覚悟だ'.
科学的言説における立証の要件は、時代とともに変遷してきた。
The requirements for substantiation in scientific discourse have changed over time.
Historical progression '変遷してきた'.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— No room for proof; it's already obvious or impossible.
これ以上の立証の余地はない。
— To demand proof or substantiation.
相手に発言の立証を求める。
— To do everything possible to prove something.
弁護側は立証を尽くした。
— The standard or degree of proof required.
民事訴訟における立証の程度。
— The target or object that needs to be proven.
何が立証の対象なのか明確にする。
— The activities involved in proving something.
法廷での立証活動。
— The burden or difficulty of proving something.
立証の負担を軽減する。
— The necessity of providing proof.
立証の必要性を説明する。
— To hinder or prevent substantiation.
証拠隠滅は立証を妨げる行為だ。
— To reinforce or strengthen the proof.
追加の証拠で立証を補強する。
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
証明 is general; 立証 is for formal substantiation with evidence.
検証 is 'checking/inspecting'; 立証 is 'proving/establishing'.
実証 is proof through practice/experiments; 立証 is proof in a logical/legal sense.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To fulfill the burden of proof.
検察は立証責任を果たした。
Legal— To bring something to light (often used when proof is found).
悪事を立証し、白日の下に晒す。
Literary— No room for doubt (the result of successful risshō).
彼の有罪は立証され、疑いの余地がない。
Formal— Ironclad evidence (used for risshō).
鉄の証拠で犯行を立証する。
Informal/Media— To be silenced by proof (to be unable to argue back).
完璧な立証に、彼はぐうの音も出なかった。
Idiomatic— To solidify evidence before substantiation.
立証の前に、まずは証拠を固める必要がある。
Neutral— Evidence is found/produced.
決定的な証拠が挙がり、立証が進んだ。
Neutral— To twist the facts (the opposite of risshō).
立証のために事実を曲げてはならない。
Neutral— An endless dispute with no proof.
立証ができなければ、ただの水掛け論だ。
Idiomatic— To confess (often happens when risshō is imminent).
立証を突きつけられ、ついに口を割った。
Colloquialبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
Both have 'shō'.
Hoshō means 'guarantee' or 'warranty,' not 'proof.'
この製品には1年の保証がある。
Both relate to verification.
Ninshō is 'authentication' (like a password or official seal).
二段階認証を設定する。
Both legal terms.
Kōshō is 'notarization' (official witnessing of a document).
遺言書を公証役場で作成する。
Relates to evidence.
Bōshō is 'circumstantial evidence' or 'collateral proof.'
傍証を積み重ねて外堀を埋める。
Both mean 'prove'.
Ronshō is 'logical demonstration' (proving through reasoning).
三段論法で論証する。
الگوهای جملهسازی
[Noun] を立証する
事実を立証する。
[Noun] が立証される
有罪が立証される。
[Noun] を立証するのは [Adj] だ
潔白を立証するのは困難だ。
[Noun] のために立証を尽くす
勝利のために立証を尽くす。
[Noun] における立証の要件
科学における立証の要件。
[Noun] を立証するに足る証拠
事実を立証するに足る証拠。
[Noun] の立証責任を負う
原告が事実の立証責任を負う。
[Noun] と [Noun] の立証的整合性
理論と事実の立証的整合性。
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Common in formal media and professional fields; rare in casual speech.
-
Using 立証 for mathematical proofs.
→
証明 (shōmei)
Math uses '証明'. '立証' is for facts/evidence.
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Saying '立証を言う' instead of '立証する'.
→
立証する
It is a suru-verb, so use 'suru'.
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Using 立証 for feelings (e.g., 'proving my love').
→
証明
Feelings aren't legal facts that need 'substantiation'.
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Confusing 立証 with 検証.
→
立証 (to prove) / 検証 (to check)
Verification is checking; substantiation is proving.
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Writing the kanji as 証立.
→
立証
The order is 'Stand' then 'Evidence'.
نکات
Kanji Clue
Whenever you see 証, think of 'evidence.' Other words include 証拠 (evidence) and 証明 (proof).
Legal Context
If you are watching a Japanese legal drama, count how many times they say 立証. It will help you learn the natural flow.
Academic Tone
In essays, replace simple verbs with suru-verbs like 立証する to instantly sound more professional.
99.9% Conviction
Understanding '立証' helps you understand why Japanese prosecutors are so careful; they only go to trial when they can fully substantiate the crime.
The 'Stand' Mnemonic
If the truth can 'Stand' (立) on its own, it has been 'Substantiated' (立証).
Precision
Use 立証 when the truth is not just shown, but 'established' beyond doubt.
Passive Form
Master the passive '立証される' as it is the most common way to see this word in news reports.
Flat Pitch
Don't stress any syllable too much. Keep it flat: ri-s-sho-o.
Antonym Check
Remember 反証 (hanshō) as the opposite—proving something is false.
Business Tip
Use this word when discussing audits or compliance to show you take evidence seriously.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of a lawyer 'Standing' (立) up in court to show 'Evidence' (証). He makes the truth 'Stand' with 'Evidence.'
تداعی تصویری
A person standing on a giant document that says 'FACT' in big letters.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to write three sentences about a famous historical event using '立証する' to describe how we know it happened.
ریشه کلمه
Sino-Japanese (Kango) origin. It combines '立' (to stand/establish) and '証' (proof/evidence).
معنای اصلی: To establish a fact by standing up evidence.
Japonic (borrowed from Middle Chinese characters).بافت فرهنگی
No specific sensitivities, but use it carefully as it implies a definitive truth has been found.
Corresponds to 'Substantiation' or 'Burden of Proof' in English legal systems.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Courtroom
- 有罪を立証する
- 立証責任
- 証拠調べ
- 立証を尽くす
Science Lab
- 仮説を立証する
- 実験データによる立証
- 再現性の立証
- 科学的立証
News Broadcast
- 事実関係を立証する
- 当局は立証を急いでいる
- 立証が焦点となる
- 十分な立証
Academic Writing
- 本稿では〜を立証する
- 論理的な立証
- 立証のプロセス
- 先行研究を立証する
Business Compliance
- 安全性を立証する
- 手順の正当性を立証する
- 立証書類
- 外部機関による立証
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"裁判で無実を立証するのは、どれくらい難しいと思いますか？"
"科学的な発見を立証するために、最も重要なことは何でしょうか？"
"あなたは自分の意見を立証するために、どのような証拠を使いますか？"
"ニュースで『立証不十分』という言葉を聞いたことがありますか？"
"歴史的な事実を立証するには、何が必要だと思いますか？"
موضوعات نگارش
もし自分が弁護士だったら、どのように依頼人の無実を立証するか書いてみましょう。
最近学んだ科学的事実がどのように立証されたのか、日本語で説明してください。
『立証責任』という言葉について、日常生活で感じる場面を書いてください。
嘘を立証することの難しさについて、自分の経験を交えて書いてみましょう。
将来、科学で立証してほしい謎（宇宙や深海など）について書いてください。
سوالات متداول
10 سوالIt is better to use 証明. 立証 sounds like you are a lawyer or a scientist. For example, use 証明 if you are proving you were at home last night to a friend.
It means 'burden of proof.' In a trial, the person making the accusation must prove it is true. That responsibility is the 立証責任.
It is both. As a noun, it means 'substantiation.' With 'suru,' it becomes the verb 'to substantiate.'
立証 is 'establishing truth' (often legal). 実証 is 'empirical proof' (often science/tech experiments).
It is 立 (stand) and 証 (evidence). Remember: 'Stand up the evidence.'
Usually, '証明' is used for mathematical proofs. '立証' is more for factual or legal claims.
It sounds very cold and weird, like a legal contract. Use '愛を証明する' instead.
Yes, it often appears in N2 and N1 reading and listening sections.
It means 'impossible to substantiate.' This happens when there is no evidence left.
No, it is also used in science and formal academic debates, but law is the most common context.
خودت رو بسنج 180 سوال
Write 'I will prove it' using '立証'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Substantiating the facts is difficult' using '立証'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The drug's effect was substantiated' using the passive form of '立証'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The prosecution substantiated the defendant's guilt' using '立証'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The burden of proof lies with the person who makes the claim' using '立証責任'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Is it substantiated?' in a polite way.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I need evidence to substantiate it.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'He perfectly substantiated his alibi.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Scientific substantiation is required for this theory.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'It is impossible to substantiate the causal relationship.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write the kanji for 'Risshō'.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'I cannot substantiate it.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Substantiating innocence takes time.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'They succeeded in substantiating the facts.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'There is no room for further substantiation.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Proof' (Risshō) is important.
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'Let's substantiate the truth.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The evidence substantiated his words.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The difficulty of substantiation is the problem.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Write 'The lawyer is devoted to substantiating the case.'
خوب نوشتید! تلاش خوبی بود! پاسخ نمونه را ببینید.
Say 'Risshō' out loud.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I will prove the facts' using '立証'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'It is difficult to prove innocence' using '立証'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The burden of proof is on you' using '立証責任'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the difference between '証明' and '立証' in Japanese.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Proof is important.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I cannot substantiate it.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The theory was substantiated.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'We need objective evidence for substantiation.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Discuss the '立証責任' in a criminal trial.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Let's substantiate it together.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I will show evidence and prove it.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Is there enough proof?'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'He succeeded in substantiating his alibi.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Explain the phrase '立証の余地がない'.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'True' (Hontō) and 'Proof' (Risshō).
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'Is it substantiated?' politely.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'I want to substantiate the truth.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Say 'The news reported the substantiation of the crime.'
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Use '立証' in a sentence about a scientific discovery.
این را بلند بخوانید:
تو گفتی:
تشخیص گفتار در مرورگر شما پشتیبانی نمیشود. از کروم یا اج استفاده کنید.
Listen and identify: 'Risshō'
Listen and identify the verb: 'Risshō suru'
Listen and identify: 'Risshō sareta'
Listen and identify: 'Risshō sekinin'
Listen and identify: 'Risshō no yochi ga nai'
Listen: 'Kore wa risshō desu.' What is it?
Listen: 'Risshō dekinai.' Can they do it?
Listen: 'Jijitsu wo risshō suru.' What is being proven?
Listen: 'Risshō ga fujūbun.' What is the problem?
Listen: 'Kagakuteki risshō ga hitsuyō da.' What is needed?
Listen for the 'ss' in 'Risshō'.
Listen: 'Risshō shimashou.' What is the intent?
Listen: 'Uizai wo risshō suru.' What is being proven?
Listen: 'Risshō ni seikō shita.' Did it work?
Listen: 'Risshō no teido.' What is being discussed?
/ 180 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
立証 is the 'professional' word for proof. While you might 'shōmei' your age with an ID, you 'risshō' someone's guilt in court. Use it to sound authoritative and precise when discussing evidence-based facts.
- 立証 (risshō) means to substantiate or prove a fact using formal evidence.
- It is primarily used in legal, scientific, and highly academic contexts.
- Commonly paired with 'burden of proof' (立証責任) in Japanese law.
- It is more formal and specific than the general word for proof, 証明 (shōmei).
Kanji Clue
Whenever you see 証, think of 'evidence.' Other words include 証拠 (evidence) and 証明 (proof).
Legal Context
If you are watching a Japanese legal drama, count how many times they say 立証. It will help you learn the natural flow.
Academic Tone
In essays, replace simple verbs with suru-verbs like 立証する to instantly sound more professional.
99.9% Conviction
Understanding '立証' helps you understand why Japanese prosecutors are so careful; they only go to trial when they can fully substantiate the crime.
مثال
検察側は彼の有罪を立証しようとした。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر law
事例
B2A specific case or instance that serves as an example. It is often used in legal, medical, or business research to illustrate a point.
準拠
B2مبتنی بر استاندارد، قانون، یا سابقه بودن؛ عمل کردن یا خلق کردن مطابق با دستورالعملهای مشخص.
抵触
B2To come into conflict with or violate a law, rule, or regulation. It is often used in legal or formal contexts when an action goes against established norms.
著作権
B2حق تکثیر یا کپیرایت، حق قانونی انحصاری پدیدآورنده برای اثر اصلی اوست.
剥奪
B2اصطلاح ژاپنی 剥奪 (はくだつ) به عمل سلب یا گرفتن اجباری یک حق، عنوان، دارایی، امتیاز یا وضعیت از یک فرد یا گروه اشاره دارد. این عمل معمولاً توسط یک مرجع، مانند دولت یا دادگاه، یا به عنوان نتیجه یک فرایند رسمی یا نقض قوانین انجام میشود. این اصطلاح به معنای از دست دادن چیزی است که به جای تسلیم داوطلبانه، اجباراً سلب میشود.
不利益
B2ضرر یا زیانی که به کسی وارد میشود. به وضعیتی اشاره دارد که در آن منافع فرد آسیب میبیند.
施行
B2اجرای رسمی یک قانون یا مقررات. قانون جدید از ابتدای سال آینده اجرا (施行) میشود.
履行
B2اجرای یک تعهد قانونی یا قراردادی.
知的財産
B2مالکیت معنوی به خلاقیتهای ذهنی مانند اختراعات، آثار ادبی و هنری اشاره دارد.
明示
B2To state or show something clearly and explicitly so there is no ambiguity. Often used in instructions, contracts, and academic arguments.
