این صفحه به زبان شما

English

العربية

Deutsch

Español

Français

日本語

한국어

Português

中文

हिन्दी

B1 noun #5,000 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

〜過ぎ

sugi رتبه 5,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 〜過ぎ در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 〜過ぎ in your Level:

At the A1 level, you are learning how to tell time and talk about basic daily routines. The suffix 〜過ぎ (sugi) is introduced as a way to say 'past' when telling time. In English, we might say 'five past one' or 'it's past two.' In Japanese, you simply take the hour, like 1時 (ichi-ji), and add 過ぎ (sugi) to make 1時過ぎ (ichi-ji sugi). This is very useful when you look at a clock and see it is 1:03 or 1:05, but you don't need to be exact. You will also learn to use it in very simple sentences with 'desu' (to be), such as 'Ima wa san-ji sugi desu' (It is now past 3 o'clock). At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex grammar; just think of it as a label for 'past the hour.' You might also hear it when people talk about being 'hatachi sugi' (past 20 years old), which is a common milestone in Japan. Focus on recognizing the sound 'sugi' after time words.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

As an A2 learner, you are beginning to form more complex sentences and describe events in sequence. You will start using 〜過ぎ with particles like 'ni' to indicate when an action happens. For example, 'Shichi-ji sugi ni bangohan o tabemasu' (I eat dinner after 7 o'clock). You will also notice that 〜過ぎ can be used with periods of the day, such as 'hiru-sugi' (past noon/early afternoon). This is a very common way to describe the time of day without being overly formal. You should also start distinguishing 〜過ぎ from 〜ごろ (goro). Remember that 〜過ぎ means 'after,' while 〜ごろ means 'around.' If you have a meeting at 2:00, but you might be a few minutes late, you might say 'ni-ji sugi' to your friends. You will also see this word in simple signs or public announcements, like at a bus stop or a small shop indicating they will open 'after' a certain time.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the B1 level, you should be comfortable using 〜過ぎ in various grammatical roles. You will learn to use the particle 'no' to turn a time phrase into an adjective, such as 'hiru-sugi no kaigi' (the meeting after noon). You will also encounter 〜過ぎ when discussing ages more naturally, such as 'sanjuu-sugi' (over 30). In B1, you start to understand the nuance of this word compared to 'ato' or 'ikou.' You will learn that 〜過ぎ is more descriptive and less formal than 'ikou' (onwards). You will also begin to see how 〜過ぎ is derived from the verb 'sugiru' (to pass), which helps you understand its literal meaning of 'having passed a point.' You should practice using it to give yourself 'buffer time' in conversations, such as saying 'go-ji sugi ni denwa shimasu' (I will call you after 5:00), which implies you will call once you are free after that time mark. You will also start to encounter it in slightly more complex reading materials like blog posts or simple news articles.

At the B2 level, you are expected to understand the subtle nuances of 〜過ぎ in business and formal contexts. While it is often used casually, knowing when *not* to use it is just as important. In a professional email, you might choose 'ikou' (from ... onwards) for precision, but in a follow-up call, you might use 'sugi' to sound more approachable. You will also encounter the word in more abstract contexts, such as 'shunki-sugi' (past the peak of spring) or 'teinen-sugi' (past retirement age). You should be able to handle sentences where 〜過ぎ is modified by other adverbs, like 'daibu juuni-ji o sugiteiru' (it is well past 12:00). You will also notice its use in more literary or descriptive Japanese, where 'hiru-sugi no hizashi' (the sunlight of early afternoon) sets a specific mood. At this level, you should also be careful not to confuse it with the auxiliary verb 〜すぎる (too much), ensuring your kanji and context usage are flawless.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C1 level, you will explore the historical and stylistic uses of 〜過ぎ. You will find it in classical literature or high-level essays where it describes the passing of eras or significant life stages. You will understand how the transition from the verb stem to a noun suffix reflects the Japanese language's tendency to create functional nouns from verbs. You will also encounter idiomatic expressions and proverbs that use the root 'sugi,' such as 'sugitaru wa nao oyobazaru ga gotoshi' (too much is as bad as too little), and understand how the concept of 'exceeding' or 'passing' is central to Japanese philosophy regarding balance. Your ability to use 〜過ぎ in nuanced speech—such as using it to politely downplay your age or to vaguely describe a time to avoid sounding too demanding—should be refined. You will also be able to analyze the difference between 'sugi' and 'go' in complex legal or technical documents where the inclusion or exclusion of the boundary point is critical.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of 〜過ぎ and its place within the broader spectrum of Japanese temporal and quantitative expressions. You can detect the subtle emotional undertones when a speaker uses 〜過ぎ—for example, whether it implies a sense of relief ('finally past the deadline') or a sense of regret ('past one's prime'). You are capable of using the suffix in highly sophisticated creative writing, employing it to manipulate the reader's perception of time and space. You understand the linguistic evolution of the word from Old Japanese to the modern day and can discuss its relationship with other 'passing' verbs like 'tōru' or 'furu.' Your usage is indistinguishable from a native speaker, including the use of 'sugi' in rapid, colloquial speech where it might be shortened or blended with other particles. You can also critique the use of the term in various media, identifying where it is used to create intentional ambiguity or to soften the impact of a numerical fact.

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

〜過ぎ در ۳۰ ثانیه

Means 'past' or 'after' for time.
Used for age (e.g., over 30).
Derived from the verb 'sugiru'.
Acts as a noun suffix.
Common in casual and formal speech.

The Japanese word 〜過ぎ (sugi) is a versatile noun suffix that primarily functions to indicate that a specific point in time, a certain age, or a numerical threshold has been surpassed. It is derived from the continuative form (ren'youkei) of the verb 過ぎる (sugiru), which translates to 'to pass,' 'to exceed,' or 'to go beyond.' In the context of daily communication, it is an indispensable tool for expressing temporal nuances that are slightly more flexible than exact time-telling but more specific than general terms for 'after.'

Primary Temporal Usage: When attached to a specific hour or minute, it indicates that the time is 'just past' that mark. For example, '1時過ぎ' (ichi-ji sugi) means 'past one o'clock.' This is frequently used when the exact minute is either unknown or considered irrelevant to the conversation.

今はちょうど三時過ぎです。 (It is now just past three o'clock.)

Beyond time, this suffix is extensively used to describe age. When someone is referred to as being '20歳過ぎ' (hatachi sugi), it means they have passed the age of twenty. This usage is particularly common in social settings where one's exact age might be less important than the general life stage they occupy. It conveys a sense of 'having crossed the threshold' into a new category. In Japanese culture, reaching certain age milestones is significant, and using 〜過ぎ acknowledges that the milestone has been successfully navigated.

Numerical Thresholds: While less common than dedicated words like '超え' (koe), 〜過ぎ can occasionally be used to describe surpassing a certain quantity, though this is often limited to specific idiomatic or context-heavy situations. Most commonly, it remains tied to the concept of the 'passing' of a measured unit, such as a distance or a count of people in a sequence.

The psychological weight of 〜過ぎ also includes a sense of 'too late' in certain contexts, although this is more often the domain of the full verb 過ぎる. However, as a suffix, it retains a neutral to slightly descriptive tone. For instance, '昼過ぎ' (hiru-sugi) simply means 'early afternoon' or 'past noon,' and is a standard way to divide the day without using the more formal '午後' (gogo). Understanding when to use 〜過ぎ versus its counterparts is a key step in reaching intermediate proficiency in Japanese.

The grammatical structure of 〜過ぎ is remarkably consistent: it acts as a suffix that attaches directly to a noun. Because the resulting compound functions as a noun itself, it can be followed by various particles to fulfill different roles within a sentence. Mastering these particle combinations is essential for natural-sounding Japanese.

Noun + 過ぎ + に (Adverbial Time): When you want to specify that an action happens after a certain time, you use the particle 'に'. This marks the time as the point of action. Example: '5時過ぎに帰ります' (I will go home after 5 o'clock).

会議は二時過ぎに終わる予定です。 (The meeting is scheduled to end after 2 o'clock.)

Another common pattern is Noun + 過ぎ + の + Noun. Here, the particle 'の' allows the time phrase to describe a following noun. This is frequently used for naming specific shifts, periods, or events. For example, '昼過ぎの紅茶' (hiru-sugi no koucha) would mean 'afternoon tea' or 'tea after noon.' This structure is very common in descriptive writing and literature to set the scene.

Noun + 過ぎ + だ/です (Predicate): You can use 〜過ぎ at the end of a sentence with a copula to state the current status. Example: 'もう12時過ぎだ' (It's already past 12 o'clock). This is often used with 'もう' (mou - already) to emphasize that a threshold has been crossed.

Furthermore, 〜過ぎ can be modified by adverbs like 'ちょっと' (chotto - a little) or 'だいぶ' (daibu - considerably) to provide more precision. 'ちょっと1時過ぎ' means 'just a little past 1:00,' while 'だいぶ1時過ぎ' would imply it is closer to 1:30 or 2:00. This flexibility makes it a preferred choice in casual conversation where strict minutes and seconds are not required. It is also worth noting that in formal settings, speakers might prefer '以降' (ikou - from ... onwards) or '過ぎた頃' (sugita koro - around the time after) to sound more precise or polite.

The suffix 〜過ぎ is ubiquitous in Japanese society, appearing in contexts ranging from the highly formal to the extremely casual. One of the most common places you will hear it is in public transport announcements. If a train is delayed, the conductor might announce that the train will depart '5分過ぎ' (five minutes past the scheduled time) or that it passed a certain station at a specific '〜過ぎ' time. This helps passengers adjust their expectations without providing an overly complex explanation for minor delays.

In the Workplace: In a Japanese office, 〜過ぎ is used to manage schedules with a degree of 'yutori' or flexibility. A colleague might say, '昼休み過ぎに打ち合わせをしましょう' (Let's have a meeting after the lunch break). This phrasing is softer than setting a hard deadline of 1:00 PM and allows participants to finish their lunch at a natural pace. It is also used in emails to confirm when a task was completed: '先ほど3時過ぎにメールを送りました' (I sent the email just after 3:00).

「明日の午後は、二時過ぎなら空いています。」 (As for tomorrow afternoon, I am free if it is after 2 o'clock.)

In the media, weather forecasters frequently use 〜過ぎ to describe when temperatures will peak or when a storm will pass. For instance, 'お昼過ぎから雨が降るでしょう' (It will likely rain starting from just after noon). News anchors also use it when reporting the time of an incident if the exact second is not known: '事件は昨夜10時過ぎに発生しました' (The incident occurred after 10 o'clock last night). This usage provides a factual yet appropriately generalized timeline.

Social Contexts and Age: When talking about friends or acquaintances, 〜過ぎ is a polite way to discuss age without being overly specific. Saying someone is '40過ぎ' (over 40) is a common way to categorize their experience or stage in life. In television dramas or anime, characters often use this to describe their own maturity or to complain about getting older, e.g., 'もう30過ぎなんだから...' (Since I'm already past 30...).

While 〜過ぎ is a relatively straightforward suffix, English speakers often encounter a few common pitfalls. The most significant mistake is confusing the noun suffix 〜過ぎ (sugi) with the auxiliary verb 〜すぎる (sugiru). Although they share the same kanji (過) and root, their grammatical functions are entirely different. 〜すぎる is attached to the stems of verbs and adjectives to mean 'too much' or 'excessively' (e.g., 食べすぎる - to eat too much). Using '1時すぎる' when you mean 'past 1:00' is a grammatical error; you must use the noun form '1時過ぎ.'

Confusion with 〜ごろ (Goro): Another common error is using 〜過ぎ when the speaker actually means 〜ごろ (around). '1時過ぎ' (past 1:00) strictly refers to the time *after* 1:00 (e.g., 1:05, 1:10). In contrast, '1時ごろ' (around 1:00) includes a window both before and after (e.g., 12:55 to 1:05). If you are meeting someone at approximately 1:00, use 〜ごろ. If you are meeting them specifically after 1:00, use 〜過ぎ.

Incorrect: 彼は食べ過ぎです。 (He is past eating? No.)
Correct: 彼は食べすぎです。 (He eats too much.)

Learners also sometimes struggle with the placement of particles. Remember that 〜過ぎ is a noun. Therefore, if you use it to modify another noun, you *must* use the particle 'の'. For example, saying '1時過ぎ会議' is incorrect; it must be '1時過ぎの会議.' Similarly, if it is the target time for an action, the particle 'に' is generally required: '1時過ぎに来てください' (Please come after 1:00).

Misuse with Durations: A subtle mistake is trying to use 〜過ぎ with a duration of time rather than a point in time. You can say '1時過ぎ' (past 1:00, a point), but you cannot typically say '3時間過ぎ' to mean 'after 3 hours' in a general sense. For durations, you should use '3時間後' (san-jikan go - after 3 hours) or '3時間を過ぎて' (san-jikan o sugite - having passed 3 hours).

To provide precise meaning, Japanese offers several alternatives to 〜過ぎ. Choosing the right one depends on the level of formality, the specific context (time vs. quantity), and whether you want to include the threshold itself in the description.

〜過ぎ vs. 〜後 (ato/go): 〜後 is the most direct translation of 'after.' However, it is usually used for sequences of events (e.g., 'after eating' - 食事の後) or durations (e.g., 'after 10 minutes' - 10分後). 〜過ぎ is specifically used for clock times (1時過ぎ) and ages (20歳過ぎ). You would rarely say '1時後' to mean 'past 1:00.'

〜過ぎ vs. 〜以降 (ikou): 〜以降 is a more formal term meaning 'from [time] onwards.' Crucially, 〜以降 *includes* the starting time. '3時以降' includes exactly 3:00. '3時過ぎ' typically implies a time *after* 3:00 has already passed. Use 〜以降 in business emails for clarity.

Comparison:
1. 昼過ぎ (Just past noon - casual/descriptive)
2. 正午以降 (From noon onwards - formal/precise)

Another related term is 〜超え (koe). While 〜過ぎ focuses on the passage of time or age, 〜超え is used for exceeding numerical limits or records. For example, '100万人超え' (exceeding 1 million people) or '予算超え' (exceeding the budget). Using 〜過ぎ for these would sound unnatural. Conversely, using 〜超え for clock time (e.g., 1時超え) is possible but sounds much more dramatic, as if a significant limit was breached.

〜過ぎ vs. 〜から (kara): 〜から means 'from.' While '3時過ぎに' and '3時から' both involve 3:00, '3時から' implies the action starts *at* 3:00. '3時過ぎに' implies the action starts at some point *after* 3:00 has already occurred. If you want to be on time, say 'から'; if you are describing a vague later start, use '過ぎ'.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The kanji '過' originally depicted a foot moving past a container or mark, symbolizing the act of going beyond a limit.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /suːɡi/

US /suɡi/

Pitch accent: [0] (Heiban style). The pitch starts low and stays high.

هم‌قافیه با

Mugi (barley) Tsugi (next) Sugi (cedar) Nagi (calm) Kagi (key) Shagi (gratitude) Yagi (goat) Magi (mage)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing 'u' as a rounded 'oo' like in 'food'.
Making the 'g' sound like a 'j' sound.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

The kanji is common, and the structure is simple to recognize.

نوشتن 2/5

Writing '過ぎ' is easy once you know the 'road' radical.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Requires correct particle usage (ni vs no) to sound natural.

گوش دادن 2/5

Distinct sound, usually clear in context.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

時 (ji) 分 (fun) 歳 (sai) 過ぎる (sugiru) 後 (ato)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

以降 (ikou) 以来 (irai) 直後 (chokugo) 未満 (miman) 超過 (chouka)

پیشرفته

過分 (kabun) 過密 (kamitsu) 過疎 (kaso) 過言 (kagon) 過渡期 (katoki)

گرامر لازم

Noun + 過ぎ vs Verb stem + すぎる

1時過ぎ (Past 1:00) vs 食べすぎる (Eat too much).

Particle 'ni' for time points

2時過ぎに始めます。

Particle 'no' for noun modification

昼過ぎのニュース。

Omission of 'sai' in age compounds

30過ぎ (sanjū-sugi).

Use of 'mou' for emphasis

もう11時過ぎだ。

برای خواندن توضیح کامل رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

今は一時過ぎです。

It is now past one o'clock.

Noun + 過ぎ + です

二時過ぎに会いましょう。

Let's meet after two o'clock.

Time + 過ぎ + に

三時過ぎですよ。

It's past three, you know.

Emphasis particle 'yo'

お昼過ぎに行きます。

I will go after lunch/noon.

'Hiru' (noon) + 過ぎ

もう四時過ぎ？

Is it already past four?

Informal question

五時過ぎに電話します。

I will call after five.

Future action

彼は二十歳過ぎです。

He is over twenty years old.

Age + 過ぎ

六時過ぎに食べます。

I will eat after six.

Time + 過ぎ + に + Verb

昨日は十時過ぎに寝ました。

I went to bed after 10 o'clock yesterday.

Past tense verb

昼休み過ぎに教室に来てください。

Please come to the classroom after lunch break.

Compound noun + 過ぎ

バスは九時過ぎに来ると思います。

I think the bus will come after 9 o'clock.

Reporting a thought

彼は三十歳過ぎに見えます。

He looks like he's over thirty.

'Mieru' (to look like)

会議は一時過ぎに終わりました。

The meeting ended after 1 o'clock.

Completed action

ちょっと二時過ぎに行ってもいいですか。

Is it okay if I go a little after 2 o'clock?

Adverb 'chotto' + 過ぎ

あの店は十一時過ぎに閉まります。

That shop closes after 11 o'clock.

Habitual action

雨は三時過ぎにやみました。

The rain stopped after 3 o'clock.

Natural phenomenon

昼過ぎの電車は空いています。

The trains after noon are not crowded.

過ぎ + の + Noun

彼は四十過ぎで新しい仕事を始めた。

He started a new job after turning forty.

Age + 過ぎ + で (state)

予定では三時過ぎに到着することになっています。

According to the schedule, we are supposed to arrive after 3:00.

Koto ni natte iru (scheduled)

だいぶ一時を過ぎていますが、まだ誰も来ません。

It's well past 1:00, but no one has come yet.

Verb form 'sugite iru' used similarly

昼過ぎの優しい光が部屋に差し込んでいる。

The gentle light of early afternoon is shining into the room.

Descriptive usage

彼は五十歳過ぎとは思えないほど若い。

He is so young that you wouldn't think he's over fifty.

To wa omoenai (cannot think that)

仕事が終わるのは、いつも七時過ぎになります。

The time work finishes is always after 7 o'clock.

Ni naru (becomes/results in)

夏休み過ぎに、またテストがあります。

There will be another test after the summer holidays.

Event + 過ぎ

ピークを過ぎた頃に、ようやく客が減り始めた。

When the peak had passed, the customers finally started to decrease.

Peak + 過ぎた (verb form)

締め切りを二日過ぎてから提出した。

I submitted it two days after the deadline had passed.

Duration + 過ぎて (verb form)

彼は還暦過ぎだが、まだ現役で働いている。

He is past his 60th birthday, but he is still working actively.

Kanreki (60th birthday) + 過ぎ

午後の二時過ぎ、突然の雷雨に見舞われた。

Just after 2:00 PM, we were struck by a sudden thunderstorm.

Passive voice 'mimawareta'

その事件は、深夜の一時過ぎに起きたとされている。

It is said that the incident occurred after 1:00 AM.

To sarete iru (is said to be)

期待を大きく過ぎる結果となった。

It resulted in an outcome that greatly exceeded expectations.

Expectation + 過ぎる (verb)

若かりし頃の情熱は、すでに過ぎ去った過去のものだ。

The passion of my youth is already a thing of the past.

Sugisatta (passed away/gone)

彼は独身のまま三十代を過ぎようとしている。

He is about to pass through his thirties while remaining single.

Volitional + to shite iru

青春の盛りを過ぎ、彼は静かな生活を求めた。

Having passed the prime of his youth, he sought a quiet life.

Noun + 過ぎ (literary)

その予言は、一世紀過ぎてようやく現実となった。

That prophecy finally became reality after a century had passed.

Century + 過ぎて

定年を過ぎてもなお、彼の知識は重宝されている。

Even after passing retirement age, his knowledge is still highly valued.

Teinen (retirement age) + 過ぎ

流行を過ぎた服でも、着こなし次第で洒落て見える。

Even clothes past their trend can look stylish depending on how you wear them.

Trend + 過ぎた

人生の折り返し地点を過ぎた今、何を成すべきか。

Now that I've passed the midpoint of my life, what should I achieve?

Midpoint + 過ぎた

彼は酒に酔い、正気を過ぎた言動を繰り返した。

Drunk on sake, he repeatedly spoke and acted beyond his sanity.

Sanity + 過ぎた (abstract)

冬至を過ぎ、日は少しずつ長くなりつつある。

Having passed the winter solstice, the days are gradually becoming longer.

Solstice + 過ぎ

その議論は本質を過ぎ、枝葉末節に及んでいる。

The discussion has passed the essence and is reaching trivial details.

Essence + 過ぎ (metaphorical)

栄枯盛衰は世の常であり、全盛期を過ぎれば衰退が待っている。

The rise and fall of fortunes is the way of the world; after the peak, decline awaits.

Peak + 過ぎれば (conditional)

彼は自らの限界を過ぎてまで、理想を追い求めた。

He pursued his ideals even to the point of exceeding his own limits.

Limit + 過ぎてまで (emphasis)

一刻を過ぎる猶予もないほど、事態は逼迫していた。

The situation was so dire that there wasn't even a moment's delay to spare.

Moment + 過ぎる (verb)

古希を過ぎてなお、彼の創作意欲は衰えを知らない。

Even after passing seventy, his creative drive knows no bounds.

Koki (70th birthday) + 過ぎ

その美学は時代を過ぎ、普遍的な価値を獲得した。

That aesthetic passed its era and acquired universal value.

Era + 過ぎ (transcendence)

彼は人知を過ぎた力によって救われたのだと信じている。

He believes he was saved by a power beyond human understanding.

Human knowledge + 過ぎた

悲しみの極みを過ぎ、彼女の心には凪が訪れた。

Having passed the height of her grief, a calm arrived in her heart.

Height of grief + 過ぎ

この建築物は、実用性を過ぎて芸術の域に達している。

This building has passed mere utility and reached the realm of art.

Utility + 過ぎて (transcendence)

مترادف‌ها

〜後 (ato/go) 〜以降 (ikou) 〜超え (koe) 〜過ぎた頃 (sugita koro) 〜から (kara) 〜のち (nochi) 〜以来 (irai) 〜を回って (o mawatte)

متضادها

〜前 (mae) 〜未満 (miman) 〜以内 (inai) 〜まで (made)

ترکیب‌های رایج

1時過ぎに

昼過ぎの

30歳過ぎ

予定の時間を過ぎる

ピークを過ぎる

10分過ぎ

仕事過ぎ

冬至過ぎ

最盛期を過ぎる

門限を過ぎる

عبارات رایج

お昼過ぎ

— Just past noon; early afternoon. Used to schedule casual meetings.

お昼過ぎに伺います。

二十歳過ぎ

— Just past 20 years old; a common way to refer to young adulthood.

二十歳過ぎの若者。

一時間過ぎ

— After one hour has passed. Used to describe waiting.

一時間過ぎにやっと来た。

深夜過ぎ

— Late at night, after midnight.

深夜過ぎの静寂。

連休過ぎ

— After a long holiday period.

連休過ぎは仕事が忙しい。

峠を過ぎる

— To pass the worst part or the peak of something (like an illness).

病気も峠を過ぎた。

10分過ぎの電車

— A train that is 10 minutes past its scheduled time.

10分過ぎの電車に乗った。

30代過ぎ

— People in their late 30s or early 40s.

30代過ぎの悩み。

開店時間過ぎ

— After the shop's opening time.

開店時間過ぎに店に行った。

夕方過ぎ

— Just after evening; early night.

夕方過ぎから冷え込んできた。

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

〜過ぎ vs 〜すぎる (sugiru)

The auxiliary verb meaning 'too much' (e.g., 飲みすぎる).

〜過ぎ vs 〜ごろ (goro)

Means 'around' (includes before and after), while 'sugi' is only after.

〜過ぎ vs 〜後 (ato)

Used for durations (10 minutes later) rather than clock times.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し"

— Too much is as bad as too little. Balance is key.

勉強も過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如しだ。

Proverb

"後の祭り"

— Too late; like a festival that has already passed.

今さら後悔しても後の祭りだ。

Common Idiom

"時が過ぎる"

— Time passes.

時が過ぎるのは早いものだ。

General

"盛りを過ぎる"

— To be past one's prime or peak.

桜も盛りを過ぎた。

Literary

"身の程を過ぎる"

— To be beyond one's station or status.

身の程を過ぎた贅沢。

Formal

"一線を過ぎる"

— To cross a line (metaphorically).

彼はついに一線を過ぎてしまった。

Dramatic

"言葉が過ぎる"

— To say too much; to be rude.

君は少し言葉が過ぎるよ。

Criticism

"度が過ぎる"

— To go too far; to be excessive.

悪ふざけも度が過ぎると困る。

General

"過ぎ去った日々"

— Days that have passed away; the past.

過ぎ去った日々を懐かしむ。

Poetic

"目も当てられないほど過ぎている"

— To be so far past a point that it's unbearable.

締め切りを過ぎて目も当てられない。

Informal

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

〜過ぎ vs 以降 (ikou)

Both mean 'after' or 'from'.

'Ikou' includes the starting point and is formal. 'Sugi' excludes the point and is descriptive.

3時以降 (3:00 and after) vs 3時過ぎ (after 3:00).

〜過ぎ vs 超え (koe)

Both involve exceeding a limit.

'Koe' is for numbers/records/mountains. 'Sugi' is for time/age.

100人超え (over 100 people) vs 10時過ぎ (past 10:00).

〜過ぎ vs 後 (ato)

Both translate to 'after'.

'Ato' is for sequences or durations. 'Sugi' is for clock time points.

食べた後 (after eating) vs 1時過ぎ (past 1:00).

〜過ぎ vs 以来 (irai)

Both refer to time passed.

'Irai' means 'since' a point in the past. 'Sugi' means 'past' a clock time.

月曜日以来 (since Monday) vs 1時過ぎ (past 1:00).

〜過ぎ vs 経過 (keika)

Both relate to time passing.

'Keika' is a formal noun for 'passage of time'. 'Sugi' is a suffix.

3時間の経過 (passage of 3 hours) vs 3時過ぎ (past 3:00).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Time] 過ぎです。

今は二時過ぎです。

[Time] 過ぎに [Verb]。

三時過ぎに会いましょう。

[Age] 過ぎです。

彼は三十過ぎです。

[Time] 過ぎの [Noun]。

昼過ぎの散歩は気持ちいい。

もう [Time] 過ぎだ。

もう夜中過ぎだよ。

[Noun] を過ぎる。

締め切りを過ぎてしまった。

[Abstract Noun] を過ぎ。

若さを過ぎ、落ち着きを得た。

[Noun] を過ぎてまで。

限界を過ぎてまで頑張る。

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

過ぎ (sugi - passing/suffix)

過ち (ayamachi - mistake)

過去 (kako - past)

過半数 (kahansuu - majority)

فعل‌ها

過ぎる (sugiru - to pass/exceed)

過ごす (sugosu - to spend time)

見過ぎる (misugiru - to overlook)

通り過ぎる (toorisugiru - to pass by)

صفت‌ها

過ぎ去った (sugisatta - past/gone)

過分な (kabun na - excessive/undeserved)

مرتبط

超過 (chouka - excess)

通過 (tsuuka - passage)

経過 (keika - progress of time)

過剰 (kajou - surplus)

過失 (kashitsu - error/negligence)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

Very high in daily spoken Japanese.

اشتباهات رایج

1時すぎるに会いましょう。 → 1時過ぎに会いましょう。
'Sugiru' is a verb; 'sugi' is the noun suffix required for time phrases.
1時過ぎ会議 → 1時過ぎの会議
'Sugi' is a noun and requires the particle 'no' to modify another noun.
3時間過ぎに終わります。 → 3時間後に終わります。
'Sugi' is for clock time points, while 'go' is for durations.
彼は食べ過ぎです。 (meaning past eating time) → 彼は昼食過ぎに来ます。
'Tabesugi' means 'overeating'. To mean 'after a meal,' use 'shokuji no ato' or a specific time.
100円過ぎ → 100円超え / 100円以上
'Sugi' is not used for currency amounts; use 'koe' or 'ijou'.

نکات

The 'No' Rule

Always use 'no' when 〜過ぎ acts as an adjective for another noun, e.g., '10時過ぎのバス.'

Be Vague for Politeness

Use 〜過ぎ when you aren't sure of the exact time to avoid giving false information.

Age Milestones

Use '〜過ぎ' to refer to people who have just entered a new decade of life (e.g., 30過ぎ).

Train Delays

If you hear '〜分過ぎ' on a train, check your watch; it means the train is that many minutes behind schedule.

Kanji Choice

The kanji '過' is the same one used in 'past' (kako) and 'mistake' (ayamachi). Connecting these helps memory.

The 3 PM Rule

'3時過ぎ' is the classic time for 'oyatsu' (snacks) in Japan. Mentioning it often brings a smile.

Sugi vs Goro

'Sugi' is a one-way street (after). 'Goro' is a two-way street (around).

Don't mix with Sugiru

Never say '1時すぎる' as a noun. It's always '1時過ぎ.'

Compound Nouns

Learn common compounds like '昼過ぎ' (hiru-sugi) as single units of vocabulary.

Abstract Passing

In C1 level, use '〜過ぎ' to describe passing the peak of an emotion or a trend.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Sugi' as 'Soon Gone'. Once the time is 'sugi', it is 'soon gone' past the hour.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a clock hand swinging past the number 12. That movement is 'sugi'.

شبکه واژگان

Time Age Past After Exceed Clock Schedule History

چالش

Try to describe your entire day using only '〜過ぎ' for times (e.g., woke up at 7:00 sugi, ate at 12:00 sugi).

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Old Japanese verb 'sugu' (to pass/surpass), which evolved into the modern 'sugiru'.

معنای اصلی: To move beyond a point in space or time.

Japonic

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when using '〜過ぎ' with age in professional contexts, as it can sound dismissive if not used correctly.

English speakers use 'past' similarly, but 'sugi' is strictly a suffix in these Japanese constructions, whereas 'past' can be a preposition or adjective.

The proverb 'Sugitaru wa nao oyobazaru ga gotoshi'. The concept of 'Sanjisugi' (after 3:00) as snack time in Japan. Title of the film 'Still Walking' (Aruitemo Aruitemo), which deals with time passing.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Scheduling

3時過ぎなら大丈夫です。
お昼過ぎに連絡します。
仕事過ぎに飲みに行こう。
予定の時間を過ぎる。

Telling Time

今は10時過ぎです。
もうすぐ1時過ぎになります。
時計が5時過ぎを指している。
深夜2時過ぎの静けさ。

Describing Age

彼は30過ぎに見える。
40歳過ぎてから始めた。
二十歳過ぎのころ。
もういい年過ぎだ。

Weather/Seasons

昼過ぎから晴れます。
冬至過ぎの夕暮れ。
梅雨明け過ぎ。
ピークを過ぎた台風。

Travel/Transport

5分過ぎに発車します。
駅を過ぎたところ。
到着予定を過ぎている。
1時過ぎのバス。

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"明日の午後は、何時過ぎなら空いていますか？"

"昨日の夜は何時過ぎに寝ましたか？"

"30歳過ぎてから、何か新しいことを始めましたか？"

"お昼過ぎに一緒にカフェに行きませんか？"

"仕事が何時過ぎに終わるか分かりますか？"

موضوعات نگارش

今日は何時過ぎに起きましたか？その時の気分はどうでしたか？

昼過ぎの街の様子を詳しく書いてみてください。

30歳過ぎ（または今の年齢過ぎ）の自分はどうなっていると思いますか？

最近、予定の時間を過ぎてしまった出来事はありますか？

「過ぎたるは猶及ばざるが如し」についてどう思いますか？

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, but it usually means '5 minutes past [the hour]' or '5 minutes late.' If you just say '5分過ぎ,' people will assume you mean 5 minutes past the current or discussed hour.

Technically yes, but it usually implies a vague window, like 1:01 to 1:15. If it were 1:45, you would likely say '2時前' (before 2:00) instead.

It is acceptable for casual coordination, but '以降' (ikou) is preferred for formal scheduling to avoid ambiguity.

No, you cannot say '月曜日過ぎ.' Instead, use '月曜日以降' (from Monday onwards) or '月曜日の後' (after Monday).

'1時過ぎ' is a noun phrase (past 1:00). '1時を過ぎる' is a verb phrase (to pass 1:00). Use the noun phrase for times and the verb for the action of passing.

No, for weight use '〜超え' (koe) or '〜以上' (ijou). For example, '60キロ超え.'

No, it means anyone who has already had their 20th birthday, usually implying they are in their early 20s.

Use 'ちょっと' or '少し' before the time: 'ちょっと1時過ぎ.'

In most adult contexts, yes. In children's books, it may be written in hiragana as 'すぎ.'

Yes, but only when attached to a verb stem, like '食べ過ぎ' (tabesugi - overeating). This is a different grammatical construction than the time suffix.

برای نکات و یادداشت‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید