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B1 verb #2,000 پرکاربردترین 8 دقیقه مطالعه

励ます

hagemasu
At the A1 level, you can think of 励ます (hagemasu) as a way to say 'to make a friend happy' or 'to say nice things.' Even though it is a B1 word, you might hear it in simple stories. Imagine a friend is sad because they lost their toy. You say 'Don't worry!' That act is hagemasu. You use the particle を (wo) with the person. Example: 'Tomodachi wo hagemasu' (I cheer up my friend). It is a kind action. You don't need to know all the complex grammar yet, just that it is a verb for being a good friend. In simple Japanese, it's like saying 'Ganbare!' (Do your best!) to someone who is sad. Remember: Hagemasu = Helping a friend feel better with words.
At the A2 level, you should start using 励ます (hagemasu) in the -te kureru or -te ageru forms. Since encouraging someone is a favor, Japanese people almost always use these 'giving and receiving' helping verbs. For example, 'Haha ga watashi wo hagemashite kureta' (My mother encouraged me). You should also recognize the difference between hagemasu and ouen suru. Ouen suru is for sports or big goals, while hagemasu is for when someone is feeling a bit down or tired. You might see this word in basic emails or diary entries about school life. 'Kyoto no shiken wa muzukashikatta kedo, sensei ga hagemashite kuremashita' (The exam in Kyoto was hard, but the teacher encouraged me).
As a B1 learner, you are expected to use 励ます (hagemasu) to describe social support and emotional labor. You should understand its transitive nature perfectly and be able to use the noun form 励まし (hagemashi). You can now use it to describe more complex situations, like supporting a colleague during a long project or encouraging a sibling who is struggling with a life choice. You should also be comfortable with the passive form 励まされる (hagemasareru) to express that you received inspiration from someone else's hard work. 'Kare no doryoku ni hagemasareta' (I was encouraged by his effort). This level is where you start to see the word in news clips about community support or in more serious literature.
At the B2 level, you should understand the nuance of 励ます (hagemasu) in professional and formal contexts. It's not just about 'cheering up' anymore; it's about 'morale boosting' and 'motivation.' You might use it to discuss leadership: 'Yoi rida- wa buki wo hagemasu no ga umai' (A good leader is good at encouraging their subordinates). You should also be able to distinguish it from more formal synonyms like kobu suru (to inspire) or shippatsu suru (to spur on). You will encounter hagemasu in editorials or essays discussing social issues, such as how to hagemasu the younger generation in a declining economy. Your usage should reflect an understanding of the emotional weight the word carries in maintaining social harmony.
At the C1 level, you should master the literary and metaphorical uses of 励ます (hagemasu). This includes its rarer meaning of 'to stimulate' or 'to intensify' (e.g., shokuyoku wo hagemasu - to stimulate the appetite, though susumeru is more common now). You should be able to analyze the word's role in Japanese 'omoiyari' (empathy) culture and use it in sophisticated discourse. For instance, you might discuss how the rhetoric of a politician was designed to hagemasu the national spirit during a crisis. You should also be able to use the word in the causative-passive form (hagemasaserareru) to describe complex emotional responses to external stimuli. Your vocabulary should include idiomatic expressions and the ability to use hagemasu to describe the 'lifting' of a mood in a poetic sense.
At the C2 level, your understanding of 励ます (hagemasu) should be near-native, encompassing its etymological roots and its evolution in the Japanese lexicon. You can differentiate between the subtle shades of hagemasu versus shippatsu, kanko, or kyousou in various historical and dialectal contexts. You can use the word to critique literature, noting how an author uses hagemashi as a motif for character growth. You are capable of using the word in high-level business negotiations to build rapport, or in academic papers regarding psychology and social support systems in Japan. You understand that hagemasu is not just a verb, but a reflection of the Japanese ethos of mutual support and the delicate balance of emotional exchange within a hierarchy.
تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

励ます در ۳۰ ثانیه

  • Hagemasu means to encourage or cheer someone up, focusing on emotional support and perseverance.
  • It is a transitive verb (wo) and is often used with 'te kureru' when receiving encouragement.
  • Common in friendships, sports, and workplace settings to maintain morale and social bonds.
  • Distinct from 'ouen suru' (cheering) and 'genkizukeru' (making happy) by its focus on 'giving heart'.

The Japanese verb 励ます (hagemasu) is a transitive verb (他動詞) that primarily translates to 'to encourage,' 'to cheer up,' or 'to stimulate.' In the context of Japanese social dynamics, it represents the active effort of one individual to boost the morale, confidence, or spirit of another. Unlike simple cheering (like 'ouen'), hagemasu often implies a deeper, more personal connection where the speaker recognizes the recipient's struggle and provides verbal or emotional support to help them persevere. It is categorized as a CEFR B1 level word because while its basic meaning is accessible, its nuanced application in social harmony (wa) and interpersonal responsibility (giri) requires a more intermediate understanding of Japanese culture.

Grammatical Role
It is a Godan verb ending in 'su'. It takes the particle 'wo' (を) to indicate the person being encouraged.
Core Nuance
Focuses on the act of giving heart (kokoro) or strength (chikara) to someone who is feeling down or facing a challenge.
Social Context
Commonly used in friendships, teacher-student relationships, and workplace mentorship.

試験に落ちた友人を一生懸命励ますことが、今の私にできる唯一のことだ。

Translation: Encouraging my friend who failed the exam with all my might is the only thing I can do right now.

To understand hagemasu, one must look at the kanji 励 (rei/hage-mu). This kanji consists of 'ten' (cliff/edge) and 'chikara' (power/strength), suggesting the exertion of effort even when pushed to the limit. While the intransitive form hagemu (励む) means to strive or work hard oneself, the transitive hagemasu turns that energy outward toward others. This distinction is vital: you hagemu at your studies, but you hagemasu a teammate who is ready to quit. In a professional setting, a manager might hagemasu their subordinates during a difficult project, not just by shouting slogans, but by providing constructive feedback that rebuilds their confidence.

先生は学生たちを励まし、最後まで諦めないように言った。

Furthermore, the word carries a sense of 'stimulation.' In more formal or literary contexts, it can mean to stimulate an activity or to spur someone into action. However, in 90% of daily conversations, you will encounter it as a synonym for 'cheering someone up.' It is a warm word, often associated with kindness (yasashisa) and empathy (omoiyari). When you hagemasu someone, you are essentially saying, 'I see your effort, and I want you to keep going.'

彼女の笑顔は、病気で入院している子供たちを励ましている。

Common Collocations
言葉で励ます (Encourage with words), 互いに励ます (Encourage each other), 強く励ます (Strongly encourage).

Using 励ます (hagemasu) correctly requires understanding its conjugation and its relationship with the object of the sentence. As a transitive verb, it always acts upon someone. The basic structure is [Person A] ga [Person B] wo hagemasu. Because it is a Godan verb, it follows standard patterns: hagemashimasu (polite), hagemashite (te-form), hagemasanai (negative), and hagemaseru (potential/causative contexts).

1. The Te-form for Ongoing Action

When you are in the process of cheering someone up, or when the encouragement is a defining characteristic of a relationship, the -te iru form is used. For example, 'Kanojo wa itsumo watashi wo hagemashite kuremasu' (She is always encouraging me). The addition of kuremasu (to do something for me) is extremely common here because hagemasu is viewed as a beneficial act given by the speaker to another.

苦しい時、家族が私を励ましてくれました。

My family encouraged me during difficult times.

2. Using it with Nouns

You can use the noun form hagemashi (encouragement) to describe the support itself. Common phrases include hagemashi no kotoba (words of encouragement) or hagemashi no tegami (a letter of encouragement). This is a very natural way to describe the 'what' of the support.

彼から励ましのメールが届いた。

3. Passive and Potential Forms

The passive form hagemasareru (to be encouraged) is frequently used to express how one felt moved by someone else's actions or words. 'Kare no ganbari ni hagemasareta' (I was encouraged by his hard work). This shifts the focus to the recipient's emotional state. The potential form hagemaseru (can encourage) is used when discussing one's ability to support others.

In professional writing, hagemasu might be replaced by more formal terms like kobu suru (to inspire/incite), but in emails to colleagues or in speeches at a wedding or graduation, hagemasu remains the standard, heartfelt choice. It strikes a perfect balance between being respectful and being emotionally resonant.

You will encounter 励ます (hagemasu) in a variety of settings, ranging from intimate conversations to national broadcasts. It is a 'high-frequency' word in emotional narratives. Here are the most common places you will hear or see it:

1. Anime and Drama (The 'Nakama' Context)

In Shonen anime, the protagonist often hagemasu their friends before a big battle. You'll hear lines like 'Omae ga ore wo hagemashite kureta kara, koko made koreta' (I made it this far because you encouraged me). It is a key verb for building the theme of 'kizuna' (bonds).

「泣かないで。僕が君を励ましてあげるよ」

'Don't cry. I'll cheer you up.'

2. Sports Commentary

During a marathon or a baseball game, announcers will describe the crowd's cheering as hagemasu. 'Kankyaku no sei-en ga senshu-tachi wo hagemashite imasu' (The cheers from the audience are encouraging the athletes). Here, it bridges the gap between 'noise' and 'emotional fuel.'

3. News and Documentaries

After natural disasters, news reports often focus on volunteers who go to affected areas to hagemasu the victims. You will see headlines like 'Hisaichi no hitobito wo hagemasu ongaku-kai' (A concert to encourage people in the disaster-stricken areas). In this context, it carries a heavy weight of social solidarity.

4. Music Lyrics

J-Pop is full of hagemasu. Songs about overcoming heartbreak or chasing dreams frequently use this verb to describe the role of a friend or a lover. It is often paired with verbs like sasaeru (to support) and yorisou (to stand by someone's side).

While 励ます (hagemasu) is straightforward, learners often stumble on its transitivity and its nuance compared to similar verbs. Avoiding these pitfalls will make your Japanese sound much more natural.

1. Confusing Hagemasu (Transitive) with Hagemu (Intransitive)

This is the most frequent error. 励む (hagemu) means 'to strive' or 'to work hard' (e.g., Benkyou ni hagemu). 励ます (hagemasu) means 'to encourage someone else.' You cannot say 'Watashi wa kare ni hagemu' to mean you encouraged him. It must be 'Watashi wa kare wo hagemasu.'

❌ Incorrect
私は彼に励みました。(I 'strived' to him - makes no sense)
✅ Correct
私は彼を励ましました。(I encouraged him.)

2. Overusing it for 'Cheer'

If you are at a stadium shouting 'Go go!', that is ouen suru (応援する). Hagemasu is a more personal, emotional interaction. If you tell a friend 'I'll hagemasu you at the game,' it sounds like you're going to give them a therapy session or a deep pep talk, rather than just waving a pom-pom.

3. Particle Errors

Because hagemasu is an action directed at someone, learners often want to use the particle ni (to). However, hagemasu takes wo (を). Think of it as 'cheering [someone] up' directly.

❌ 友人に励ます。
✅ 友人を励ます。

4. Misunderstanding the 'Stimulate' Meaning

In advanced Japanese, hagemasu can mean to stimulate a sense or a function (like 'stimulating the appetite'). Learners often try to use this in casual conversation, but it sounds very clinical or archaic. Stick to the 'encourage' meaning for daily life.

Japanese has many words for 'support' and 'encouragement.' Choosing the right one depends on the situation and the intensity of the emotion. Here is how 励ます (hagemasu) compares to its cousins:

1. 応援する (Ouen suru)

This is the most common alternative. Ouen suru is broader; it means to support, root for, or cheer. You ouen a sports team or a political candidate. Hagemasu is more about the emotional state of the person you are helping. You hagemasu a friend who is crying; you ouen a friend who is running a race.

2. 元気づける (Genkizukeru)

Literally 'to attach energy.' This is very close to 'cheer up.' While hagemasu is often verbal (giving a pep talk), genkizukeru can be anything—taking someone out for ramen, giving them a gift, or making a joke. It's about changing their mood from 'low energy' to 'high energy.'

3. 勇気づける (Yuukizukeru)

Literally 'to give courage.' This is used when someone is afraid or hesitant. If a friend is scared to give a speech, you yuukizukeru them. Hagemasu is more general for any kind of sadness or struggle.

Comparison:
1. 励ます: 'Keep going, you can do it!' (Focus on perseverance)
2. 元気づける: 'Don't be sad, let's have fun!' (Focus on mood)
3. 勇気づける: 'Don't be afraid, you are brave!' (Focus on courage)

4. 鼓舞する (Kobu suru)

A formal, literary term meaning 'to inspire' or 'to rouse.' You might see this in a history book describing a general kobu suru-ing his troops. It's much more intense and 'grand' than hagemasu.

چقدر رسمی است؟

رسمی

""

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

友だちを励まします。

I encourage my friend.

Basic transitive use with 'wo'.

2

「がんばって」と励ましました。

I encouraged them by saying 'Do your best'.

Quotation particle 'to' used with the verb.

3

先生が私を励ましました。

The teacher encouraged me.

Subject (Teacher) + Object (Me) + Verb.

4

みんなで彼を励まそう。

Let's all encourage him.

Volitional form '-ou'.

5

母はいつも私を励ます。

My mother always encourages me.

Present habitual tense.

6

励ます言葉は大切です。

Encouraging words are important.

Verb modifying a noun.

7

悲しい友だちを励ましたい。

I want to encourage my sad friend.

Desire form '-tai'.

8

犬が私を励ましてくれる。

My dog cheers me up.

Using '-te kureru' for a favor.

1

病気の友人をメールで励ましました。

I encouraged my sick friend via email.

Means/Method particle 'de'.

2

テストの前に、父が励ましてくれました。

Before the test, my father encouraged me.

Benefactive construction '-te kureta'.

3

彼女を励ますために、プレゼントを買いました。

I bought a present to cheer her up.

Purpose 'tame ni'.

4

励ましの手紙を書いてください。

Please write a letter of encouragement.

Noun form 'hagemashi' + 'no'.

5

落ち込んでいる弟を励ましてあげた。

I cheered up my depressed younger brother.

Benefactive '-te ageta'.

6

みんなの応援が私を励ましてくれます。

Everyone's support encourages me.

Inanimate subject (support) + '-te kureru'.

7

どうやって彼を励ませばいいですか？

How should I encourage him?

Conditional '-eba ii'.

8

励ますのは難しいけれど、大切だ。

Encouraging is difficult, but important.

Nominalizer 'no'.

1

失敗した部下をどう励ますべきか悩んでいる。

I am worried about how I should encourage my subordinate who failed.

Modal 'beki' (should).

2

彼の言葉に、私はとても励まされました。

I was very encouraged by his words.

Passive form 'hagemasareta'.

3

互いに励まし合いながら、練習を続けた。

We continued practicing while encouraging each other.

Compound verb '-au' (each other).

4

励ましの言葉をかけるタイミングが重要だ。

The timing of offering words of encouragement is important.

Phrase 'kotoba wo kakeru'.

5

彼はいつも冗談を言って、周囲を励ましている。

He is always telling jokes and encouraging those around him.

Te-form for concurrent actions.

6

ボランティアの人たちが被災者を励ましている。

Volunteers are encouraging the disaster victims.

Present progressive '-te iru'.

7

孤独な老人を励ます活動に参加した。

I participated in an activity to encourage lonely elderly people.

Relative clause modifying 'katsudou'.

8

自分を励ますために、好きな音楽を聴く。

I listen to my favorite music to encourage myself.

Reflexive 'jibun wo'.

1

監督は選手たちの闘志を励ますようなスピーチをした。

The coach gave a speech that seemed to stimulate the players' fighting spirit.

Simile 'youna' modifying 'supiichi'.

2

困難な状況にあっても、希望を捨てないよう励まし続けた。

Even in difficult situations, they continued to encourage not giving up hope.

Continuative '-tsuzuketa'.

3

多くのファンからの励ましが、彼女の復帰を支えた。

Encouragement from many fans supported her comeback.

Noun 'hagemashi' as a subject.

4

政府は新しいビジネスに挑戦する若者を励ましている。

The government is encouraging young people who challenge new businesses.

Formal transitive use.

5

彼の成功は、同じ夢を持つ多くの人々を励ました。

His success encouraged many people with the same dream.

Abstract subject (success).

6

ただ励ますだけでなく、具体的なアドバイスも必要だ。

It's not just about encouraging; concrete advice is also necessary.

Structure 'dake de naku'.

7

厳しい言葉の中に、彼を励ます意図が感じられた。

Within the harsh words, an intention to encourage him was felt.

Passive 'kanjirareta'.

8

励まされる側よりも、励ます側の方が力が必要なこともある。

Sometimes the one encouraging needs more strength than the one being encouraged.

Comparative 'hou ga'.

1

その詩は、絶望の淵にいる人々の心を強く励ました。

That poem strongly encouraged the hearts of people on the brink of despair.

Literary expression 'despair's abyss'.

2

リーダーには、チームの士気を励ます能力が不可欠である。

For a leader, the ability to boost the team's morale is indispensable.

Formal 'fukaketsu' (indispensable).

3

彼女の献身的な態度は、周囲の人間を大いに励ますこととなった。

Her devoted attitude ended up greatly encouraging those around her.

Resultative 'koto to natta'.

4

震災後、日本中から寄せられた励ましの声が、復興の原動力となった。

After the earthquake, the voices of encouragement from all over Japan became the driving force for reconstruction.

Noun phrase as a catalyst.

5

学問の道を志す若者を励ますべく、奨学金制度が設立された。

In order to encourage young people aiming for an academic path, a scholarship system was established.

Formal purpose '-beku'.

6

時に沈黙が、饒舌な言葉よりも相手を励ますことがある。

Sometimes silence encourages the other person more than loquacious words.

Abstract comparison.

7

伝統芸能の継承者を励ますための公的支援が求められている。

Public support to encourage successors of traditional arts is being sought.

Passive 'motomerarete iru'.

8

彼は自らの経験を語ることで、同じ境遇にある人々を励まそうと試みた。

He attempted to encourage people in the same situation by sharing his own experiences.

Attempt 'to kokoromita'.

1

古典文学における「励ます」の用法は、現代のそれとは微妙に異なる趣を持っている。

The usage of 'hagemasu' in classical literature has a nuance subtly different from that of modern times.

Comparative analysis.

2

国民を鼓舞し励ます政治家の言説は、時に危うい扇動へと変貌する。

The discourse of politicians that inspires and encourages the public sometimes transforms into dangerous incitement.

Critical social commentary.

3

自己啓発書は、読者を励ますという名目のもと、消費欲求を刺激する側面がある。

Self-help books have an aspect of stimulating consumer desire under the guise of encouraging the reader.

Compound particle 'no meimoku no moto'.

4

芸術の本質は、人間の根源的な孤独を励ますことにあるのかもしれない。

The essence of art might lie in encouraging the fundamental loneliness of human beings.

Philosophical conjecture.

5

師の峻厳な教えは、表面的な優しさよりも深く弟子を励ました。

The master's rigorous teachings encouraged the disciple more deeply than superficial kindness.

Contrast of 'shungen' (rigorous) and 'hyoumenteki' (superficial).

6

経済指標の改善が投資家心理を励ます結果となった。

The improvement in economic indicators resulted in encouraging investor sentiment.

Economic context.

7

相互に励まし合う共同体の絆が、近代化の過程で希薄化していった。

The bonds of a community that encouraged each other became diluted during the process of modernization.

Sociological analysis.

8

言葉という不完全な媒体を通じて他者を励ますことの限界と可能性を模索する。

To explore the limits and possibilities of encouraging others through the imperfect medium of language.

Abstract exploration.

ترکیب‌های رایج

言葉で励ます (Encourage with words)
友人を励ます (Encourage a friend)
自分を励ます (Encourage oneself)
強く励ます (Strongly encourage)
互いに励ます (Encourage each other)
部下を励ます (Encourage a subordinate)
被災者を励ます (Encourage disaster victims)
手紙で励ます (Encourage by letter)
笑顔で励ます (Encourage with a smile)
必死に励ます (Encourage desperately)

عبارات رایج

励ましの言葉 (Words of encouragement)

励まし合う (To encourage each other)

励まされる (To be encouraged)

励ましを受ける (To receive encouragement)

励ましを贈る (To send encouragement)

心から励ます (Encourage from the heart)

陰ながら励ます (Encourage from the shadows/secretly)

励ましのメール (Encouraging email)

励ましが必要だ (Need encouragement)

励ましのおかげで (Thanks to the encouragement)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

励ます vs 励む (hagemu) - To strive (Intransitive)

励ます vs 剥げる (hageru) - To peel off/go bald (Phonetically similar)

励ます vs 投げる (nageru) - To throw (Visual similarity in some fonts)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

""

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به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

励ます vs

励ます vs

励ます vs

励ます vs

励ます vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

نحوه استفاده

emotional depth

Use 'hagemasu' for deeper emotional support, 'ouen' for general support.

transitivity check

Always check if there is an object. If you are the one working hard, use 'hagemu'.

اشتباهات رایج
  • Using 'ni' instead of 'wo'.
  • Confusing 'hagemasu' with 'hagemu'.
  • Using it for just shouting at a sports game (use ouen).
  • Using it when someone needs 'comfort' (use nagusameru).
  • Forgetting to use 'te kureru' in polite conversation.

نکات

Particle Choice

Always use 'wo' for the person you are encouraging. Using 'ni' is a common mistake for English speakers.

Giri and Hagemasu

Encouraging others is often seen as a social duty in Japan to maintain group harmony.

Using with Kureru

Adding 'kureru' makes you sound much more natural and grateful when someone encourages you.

Noun Usage

Use 'hagemashi' in the beginning of a thank-you letter: 'Hagemashi no o-kotoba, arigatou gozaimasu'.

Vs Ouen

Remember: Ouen is for the 'game', Hagemasu is for the 'person'.

Ganbare

Hagemasu is the action, 'Ganbare' is often the content of that action.

Word Family

Learn 'hagemu' at the same time to understand the transitive/intransitive pair.

Anime Cues

Listen for characters saying 'hagemasareta' during emotional flashbacks.

Hage-Mass

A 'Mass' of people 'Hage' (cheer) for you.

Formal Version

In business speeches, use 'gekirei' (激励) for a more professional tone.

حفظ کنید

ریشه کلمه

بافت فرهنگی

Hashtags like #励まし are common for people sharing stories of overcoming hardship.

In a Japanese company, a boss 'hagemasu'-ing a subordinate is seen as good leadership, but it must be done with 'omoiyari' (consideration) to avoid being seen as 'power harassment'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"最近、誰かに励まされたことはありますか？ (Have you been encouraged by someone recently?)"

"友達が落ち込んでいる時、どうやって励ましますか？ (How do you cheer up a friend when they are down?)"

"自分を励ますために何をしますか？ (What do you do to encourage yourself?)"

"励ましの言葉で一番好きなものは何ですか？ (What is your favorite word of encouragement?)"

"先生に励まされた思い出はありますか？ (Do you have any memories of being encouraged by a teacher?)"

موضوعات نگارش

今日、誰かを励ましましたか？その時の気持ちを書いてください。 (Did you encourage someone today? Write about your feelings.)

あなたが一番励まされたい時に、誰にそばにいてほしいですか？ (When you want to be encouraged the most, who do you want by your side?)

「励ます」と「応援する」の違いについて考えてみましょう。 (Think about the difference between 'hagemasu' and 'ouen suru'.)

将来、どのような言葉で人々を励ましたいですか？ (What kind of words do you want to use to encourage people in the future?)

自分自身を励ますためのメッセージを書いてください。 (Write a message to encourage yourself.)

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, you can say 'jibun wo hagemasu' (to encourage oneself). It is common when talking about self-motivation during hard times.

It is a standard word, but when a boss encourages you, it's better to say 'hagemashite itadaita' (received encouragement) to show respect.

Nagusameru is about comforting someone who is in pain or grieving. Hagemasu is about giving them energy to move forward.

Yes, teammates hagemasu each other, but the crowd usually 'ouen' the team.

Yes, if you are cheering up a sad pet, you can use it.

The noun form is 'hagemashi' (encouragement).

It is 'hagemashi no kotoba'.

Yes, it is a very common B1-level word used in daily life and media.

In very formal or old-fashioned contexts, yes, but it's rare now.

It takes the particle 'wo' (を) for the person being encouraged.

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