間違える
間違える در ۳۰ ثانیه
- To make a mistake.
- Used for unintentional errors.
- Common in daily conversation.
- Key verb for expressing errors.
The Japanese verb 間違える (machigaeru) is a fundamental word that translates to 'to make a mistake,' 'to err,' or 'to be wrong.' It's an incredibly common verb used in everyday conversations, whether you're talking about a small slip-up or a more significant error. Understanding this word is crucial for expressing yourself accurately and for comprehending others when they discuss errors or misunderstandings.
People use 間違える in a wide variety of situations. For instance, if you forget someone's birthday, you might say, 'I made a mistake and forgot their birthday.' If you misunderstand instructions at work, you could say, 'I made a mistake in understanding the instructions.' Even in casual settings, like ordering food, if you accidentally order the wrong dish, you can use 間違える to acknowledge the error. It can refer to mistakes in judgment, action, memory, or perception.
The nuance of 間違える is generally that of an unintentional error. It's not typically used for deliberate wrongdoing or malicious acts. Instead, it points to a lapse in attention, knowledge, or ability that leads to an incorrect outcome. This makes it a very versatile verb, applicable to academic settings, professional environments, personal relationships, and even just everyday tasks. For example, a student might say, 'I made a mistake on the math problem,' or a driver might say, 'I made a mistake and took the wrong turn.'
Consider the context of learning. When you are learning a new language, making mistakes is a natural part of the process. You might say, 'I often make mistakes when speaking Japanese,' or 'I made a mistake in my pronunciation.' This is a positive and self-aware way to acknowledge the learning curve. In contrast, if you're playing a game and get the wrong answer, you can simply say, 'Ah, I made a mistake!'
The verb is also used when referring to incorrect identification. For example, if you mistake one person for another, you might say, 'I mistook you for someone else.' This highlights how 間違える can encompass errors in recognition as well. Furthermore, it can be used to describe mistakes in calculations or estimations. 'I made a mistake in my calculations, and the total is higher than I thought.' This demonstrates its utility in practical, quantitative situations.
In summary, 間違える is a versatile and frequently used verb in Japanese that signifies an unintentional error. Its broad application makes it an essential part of any learner's vocabulary, allowing for clear communication about mistakes in a multitude of contexts.
- Verb Conjugation
- Masu-form: 間違えます (machigaemasu) - Polite present/future. Te-form: 間違えて (machigaete) - Used to connect clauses or indicate a continuing state. Past tense: 間違えた (machigaeta) - Made a mistake. Potential form: 間違えられる (machigaerareru) - Can make a mistake. Negative: 間違えない (machigae nai) - Do not make a mistake.
- Common Usage
- Often used with particles like に (ni) to indicate what the mistake was made in, or を (o) to indicate the thing that was mistaken. For example, 計算に間違える (keisan ni machigaeru) - to make a mistake in calculation; or 名前を間違える (namae o machigaeru) - to mistake someone's name.
私はよく漢字を間違えることがあります。
道順を間違える。
計算を間違える。
Using 間違える (machigaeru) in sentences is straightforward once you understand its core meaning. The verb typically follows the standard Japanese sentence structure, with the subject (often implied) performing the action of making a mistake. Particles play a key role in specifying what the mistake pertains to.
One common pattern is using the particle に (ni) to indicate the area or subject of the mistake. For example, if someone makes an error in their calculation, you would say: 「計算に間違える」(Keisan ni machigaeru). Here, 計算 (keisan - calculation) is the subject of the mistake. Similarly, for a mistake in judgment, you might say: 「判断に間違える」(Handan ni machigaeru), meaning 'to make a mistake in judgment.' This particle helps pinpoint the specific aspect that went wrong.
Another common particle used with 間違える is を (o). This particle is often used when you mistake one thing for another, or when you make a mistake regarding a specific item. For instance, if you mistake someone's name, you would say: 「名前を間違える」(Namae o machigaeru). The name (名前) is the object of the mistaken identity. In a similar vein, if you take the wrong train, you could say: 「電車を間違える」(Densha o machigaeru) - to mistake the train or take the wrong train. This usage is prevalent when the mistake involves a concrete object or entity.
The verb can also be used with a direct object when the mistake is about a specific action or item. For example, if you fill out a form incorrectly, you might say: 「書類を間違える」(Shorui o machigaeru) - to mistake the document, implying you filled it out incorrectly or used the wrong one. This is less common than the に or を particle constructions but is still valid.
Consider the context of learning and practice. A student might say: 「練習問題で間違える」(Renshu mondai de machigaeru) - to make a mistake on practice problems. Here, the particle で (de) indicates the context or location where the mistake occurred. This is a very natural way to discuss errors encountered during study.
Furthermore, 間違える can be used reflexively or to describe a situation where something is mistaken. For example, if someone says something incorrect, you might reply, 「それは間違えていますよ」(Sore wa machigaete imasu yo) - 'That is mistaken' or 'You are mistaken about that.' This uses the progressive form to describe a current state of being incorrect.
When expressing a general tendency to make mistakes, you can use adverbs like よく (yoku - often) or よくしない (yoku shinai - not often). For instance, 「私はよく間違えます」(Watashi wa yoku machigaemasu) means 'I often make mistakes.' Conversely, 「あまり間違えません」(Amari machigaemasen) means 'I don't make many mistakes.' These additions help quantify the frequency of errors.
In summary, mastering 間違える involves understanding its conjugation and how particles like に and を modify its meaning, specifying what the mistake is related to. This allows for precise expression of errors in various everyday situations.
- Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject (implied) + [Object/Area of Mistake] + Particle (に, を, で) + 間違える.
- Example with に
- 「約束の時間に間違えた。」(Yakusoku no jikan ni machigaeta.) - I made a mistake about the appointment time.
- Example with を
- 「駅で友達を間違えた。」(Eki de tomodachi o machigaeta.) - I mistook a friend at the station.
私はよく道順を間違える。
この漢字の読み方を間違えた。
You'll encounter 間違える (machigaeru) constantly in everyday Japanese. It's a word that permeates casual conversations, professional settings, and even media. Its ubiquity stems from the fact that making mistakes is a universal human experience.
In informal settings, friends might say things like, 「あ、ごめん、間違えた!」(A, gomen, machigaeta! - Oh, sorry, I made a mistake!) after a minor slip-up, perhaps in a game or a casual remark. If you're out with friends and order the wrong drink, you might sheepishly say, 「すみません、飲み物を間違えました。」(Sumimasen, nomimono o machigaemashita. - Excuse me, I made a mistake with my drink/I ordered the wrong drink.)
In the workplace, 間違える is used to acknowledge errors in tasks, reports, or communication. A colleague might say, 「この報告書にいくつか間違えた点がありました。」(Kono houkokusho ni ikutsuka machigaeta ten ga arimashita. - There were a few mistakes in this report.) Or, when giving instructions, a manager might caution, 「この部分は間違えないように注意してください。」(Kono bubun wa machigae nai you ni chuui shite kudasai. - Please be careful not to make a mistake in this part.)
When learning Japanese, you'll hear and use 間違える frequently. Students often say, 「漢字の書き方で間違えることがあります。」(Kanji no kakikata de machigaeru koto ga arimasu. - I sometimes make mistakes in how to write kanji.) Or, a teacher might encourage students by saying, 「間違えるのは悪いことではありません。そこから学びましょう。」(Machigaeru no wa warui koto de wa arimasen. Soko kara manabimashou. - Making mistakes is not a bad thing. Let's learn from them.)
In media, you might hear 間違える in news reports about errors, in dramas where characters face consequences for mistakes, or in variety shows where contestants try to avoid making errors. For example, a news anchor might report on a company that 「生産過程でミスを間違えた。」(Seisan katei de misu o machigaeta. - made a mistake in the production process.)
Even in more abstract contexts, like discussing historical events or scientific theories, the concept of 'making a mistake' is relevant. A historian might say, 「当時の人々は、現代の視点から見ると間違えた判断をしたと言えるでしょう。」(Touji no hitobito wa, gendai no shiten kara miru to machigaeta handan o shita to ieru deshou. - It can be said that people at that time made mistaken judgments from a modern perspective.)
Think about navigation. When giving directions, someone might say, 「この角を間違えないでくださいね。」(Kono kado o machigae nai de kudasai ne. - Please don't mistake this corner/take the wrong turn here.) This is a very practical application.
In summary, 間違える is woven into the fabric of daily Japanese communication. From simple personal errors to more complex professional or academic mistakes, its presence is constant and its meaning clear.
- Everyday Conversations
- Used for minor errors like forgetting something, saying the wrong thing, or taking the wrong item. Example: 「あ、電話番号を間違えた!」(A, denwa bangou o machigaeta! - Ah, I got the phone number wrong!)
- Workplace Scenarios
- Used to acknowledge errors in reports, data, or procedures. Example: 「このデータ入力で間違えたようです。」(Kono deeta nyuuryoku de machigaeta you desu. - It seems I made a mistake in this data entry.)
- Learning Contexts
- Common when discussing errors in homework, tests, or language practice. Example: 「文法でよく間違える。」(Bunpou de yoku machigaeru. - I often make mistakes in grammar.)
「すみません、間違えました。」
「この地図を間違えたようです。」
While 間違える (machigaeru) is a fundamental verb, learners can sometimes make mistakes in its usage, especially concerning the particles used with it or confusing it with similar-sounding words. Understanding these potential pitfalls can greatly improve your accuracy.
One of the most common mistakes is the incorrect use of particles. As mentioned, に (ni) and を (o) are frequently used, but learners might default to using a particle that doesn't fit the specific context. For example, saying 「計算を間違えた」(Keisan o machigaeta) instead of 「計算に間違えた」(Keisan ni machigaeta) might sound slightly off, though context can sometimes make it understandable. The key is to associate 間違える with に for the subject or area of error, and with を for mistaking one thing for another.
Another area of confusion can arise from mistaking 間違える for other verbs that also imply errors or doing something wrong. For instance, 誤る (ayamaru) is a more formal verb meaning 'to err' or 'to make a mistake,' and it's often used in formal writing or speeches. Using 間違える in such a formal context might be considered too casual. Conversely, using 誤る in a casual conversation would sound unnatural.
Learners might also struggle with the nuance of intentionality. 間違える generally implies an unintentional error. If someone is deliberately doing something wrong, other verbs might be more appropriate. For example, if someone is cheating on a test, they are not simply 'making a mistake'; they are actively engaging in deceitful behavior. Using 間違える here would be inaccurate.
Furthermore, the conjugation can sometimes be a source of error. Forgetting to conjugate the verb correctly for tense or politeness level is common. For instance, using the dictionary form 間違える (machigaeru) when the past tense 間違えた (machigaeta) is needed, or using the plain form in a polite conversation. Paying attention to the context and the required politeness level is crucial.
A less common but possible mistake is confusing 間違える with words that sound similar but have different meanings. For example, 描ける (kakeru - to be able to draw) or 欠ける (kakeru - to be lacking/missing) might be misheard or confused by beginners. Always ensure you are hearing and reading the correct word.
Finally, learners might overuse 間違える when a simpler expression would suffice. For instance, instead of saying 「私は間違えた」(Watashi wa machigaeta - I made a mistake), if you simply took the wrong item, you might just say 「これじゃなかった」(Kore ja nakatta - This wasn't it). However, 間違える is so common that its overuse is less of a problem than underuse or misuse.
To avoid these mistakes, focus on the particle usage, the formality level, and the distinction between unintentional errors (間違える) and other types of wrongdoing.
- Particle Usage
- Mistake: Using the wrong particle. Correct: Use に for the subject of the mistake (e.g., 計算に間違える) and を for mistaking one thing for another (e.g., 名前を間違える).
- Formality
- Mistake: Using 間違える in very formal contexts where 誤る would be more appropriate. Correct: Reserve 間違える for general and informal/neutral situations.
- Intentionality
- Mistake: Using 間違える for deliberate wrongdoings. Correct: Use 間違える for unintentional errors; use other verbs for intentional acts.
「計算を間違えた。」(不自然)
「道順に間違えた。」(自然)
While 間違える (machigaeru) is a versatile and commonly used verb for 'to make a mistake,' Japanese offers several other words and phrases that convey similar meanings, each with its own nuances in terms of formality, specific type of error, or context.
誤る (ayamaru): This is a more formal verb meaning 'to err' or 'to make a mistake.' It's often found in written Japanese, formal speeches, or when expressing a more serious or official error. For instance, a company might issue a statement saying, 「この度、重大な誤りを誤りました。」(Kono tabi, juudai na ayamari o ayamari mashita. - We have made a serious error this time.) Using 間違える in such a context would sound too casual.
失敗する (shippai suru): This verb means 'to fail' or 'to be unsuccessful.' While making a mistake can lead to failure, 失敗する focuses more on the outcome of not achieving a desired result. You might 間違える on a test question, but if you get a failing grade, you have 失敗した (shippai shita - failed). It's about the lack of success rather than the specific error itself.
過つ (ayamatsu): Similar to 誤る, this is a more literary or formal verb meaning 'to make a mistake' or 'to err.' It often carries a sense of regret or a more significant misjudgment. It's less common in everyday spoken Japanese compared to 間違える.
不注意 (fuchuui): This is a noun meaning 'carelessness' or 'inattention.' While not a verb, it often explains *why* someone might 間違える. You could say, 「不注意で間違えた。」(Fuchuui de machigaeta. - I made a mistake due to carelessness.)
勘違いする (kanchigai suru): This verb means 'to misunderstand,' 'to mistake one thing for another,' or 'to be mistaken in one's understanding.' It's very close to 間違える, especially when the mistake is about perception or interpretation. For example, 「彼が私に話しかけていると勘違いした。」(Kare ga watashi ni hanashikakete iru to kanchigai shita. - I mistook that he was talking to me.) This is often used when the error is in judgment or assumption.
弁解する (benkai suru): This means 'to explain' or 'to make excuses.' While not a direct synonym, it's often used after someone has made a mistake (間違えた) and needs to explain why.
失念する (shitsunen suru): This verb means 'to forget' (especially something important or an obligation). If you forget an appointment, you might say 「約束を失念しました。」(Yakusoku o shitsunen shimashita.) This is a more formal way to say you forgot, which could be considered a type of mistake.
When choosing the right word, consider the formality of the situation and the specific nature of the error. 間違える is your go-to for general, everyday mistakes. 誤る and 過つ are for more formal or literary contexts. 失敗する focuses on the outcome of failure. 勘違いする is for misunderstandings or mistaken perceptions.
- 間違える (machigaeru)
- Meaning: To make a mistake, to err. Usage: General, everyday, neutral formality. Example: 「道順を間違えた。」(Michijun o machigaeta. - I made a mistake with the directions.)
- 誤る (ayamaru)
- Meaning: To err, to make a mistake. Usage: Formal, written, serious errors. Example: 「計算を誤りました。」(Keisan o ayamarimashita. - I made an error in calculation.)
- 失敗する (shippai suru)
- Meaning: To fail, to be unsuccessful. Usage: Outcome-focused, general. Example: 「試験に失敗した。」(Shiken ni shippai shita. - I failed the exam.)
- 勘違いする (kanchigai suru)
- Meaning: To misunderstand, to mistake one thing for another. Usage: Errors in perception or understanding. Example: 「彼の言葉を勘違いした。」(Kare no kotoba o kanchigai shita. - I misunderstood his words.)
「間違える」は日常的、「誤る」は改まった場面。
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The kanji 間 (ma) in 間違える literally means 'interval' or 'space.' This might relate to the idea of deviating from the correct 'space' or 'interval' between right and wrong, or falling into the 'space' between correct actions.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing the 'u' sound at the end too strongly; it should be a light, almost silent 'u' or a soft 'r' sound.
- Incorrectly stressing the word, for example, stressing the first syllable 'MA-chi-ga-e-ru'.
- Confusing the vowel sounds, especially 'e' and 'a' in the middle syllables.
- Not using the flapped 'r' sound for 'ru', making it sound too much like an English 'roo'.
سطح دشواری
This is a high-frequency verb, making it relatively easy to encounter and understand in written Japanese. Its meaning is quite direct, making comprehension straightforward for learners.
While the basic meaning is simple, learners might make mistakes with particle usage (に vs. を) or choosing the correct formality level. Conjugation is standard for '-eru' verbs.
Very common in spoken Japanese. Pronunciation is generally not difficult, but natural use requires understanding context and common phrases.
Due to its high frequency, learners will hear <strong>間違える</strong> often. Recognizing it in context, especially with different conjugations and particles, is key.
بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟
پیشنیازها
بعداً یاد بگیرید
پیشرفته
گرامر لازم
Verb Conjugation (Masu-form, Te-form, Past Tense)
間違えます (polite present), 間違えて (te-form), 間違えた (past tense).
Particles に and を with Verbs
計算に間違える (mistake in calculation), 名前を間違える (mistake the name).
Using てしまう for Regrettable Actions
漢字を書き間違えてしまった。(I ended up writing the kanji incorrectly.)
Using ~ないように for Prevention
間違えないように気をつけてください。(Please be careful so as not to make a mistake.)
Adjective Usage (e.g., 間違った)
これは間違った情報です。(This is incorrect information.)
مثالها بر اساس سطح
これは間違った答えです。
This is a wrong answer.
Using 間違った (machigatta) as an adjective modifying 答え (kotae).
私、間違えました。
I made a mistake.
Past tense, polite form of 間違える.
地図を間違えた。
I made a mistake with the map.
Past tense, plain form, with を particle.
駅で道を間違えた。
I made a mistake with the way at the station.
Past tense, plain form, with で particle indicating location.
名前を間違えないでください。
Please don't mistake the name.
Negative imperative form.
計算を間違えた。
I made a mistake in calculation.
Past tense, plain form, with を particle.
これは間違った情報です。
This is incorrect information.
Adjective form 間違った modifying 情報 (jouhou).
すみません、間違いました。
Sorry, I made a mistake.
Polite apology using past tense.
この漢字の書き方を間違えてしまいました。
I ended up making a mistake in how to write this kanji.
Using てしまう to express an unintentional or regrettable mistake.
電車の乗り場を間違えたので、遅刻しました。
Because I made a mistake with the train platform, I was late.
Using the て-form to connect clauses, showing cause and effect.
先生、この問題の答えを間違えたかもしれません。
Teacher, I might have made a mistake in the answer to this problem.
Using かもしれません (might) to express uncertainty about the mistake.
人の名前を覚えるのが苦手で、よく間違えます。
I'm not good at remembering people's names, so I often make mistakes.
Using ~のが苦手 (not good at) followed by the verb.
指示を間違えたせいで、作業がやり直しになった。
Because I made a mistake with the instructions, the work had to be redone.
Using ~せいで (because of, negative nuance) to indicate the consequence of the mistake.
お会計の時に、金額を間違えたことに気づいた。
At the time of payment, I realized I had made a mistake with the amount.
Using ~ことに気づいた (realized that) after the mistake.
これは私が書いたものではなく、誰かが間違えたものです。
This is not something I wrote; it's something someone else made a mistake on.
Using ~ものです to refer to something that was done or made.
会議の資料を間違えて、別の部署に送ってしまった。
I made a mistake with the meeting documents and ended up sending them to the wrong department.
Using ~てしまった to indicate an unintentional or regrettable action.
彼の意見に間違える余地はないだろう。
There is likely no room for error in his opinion.
Using 余地はない (no room) with the verb to express certainty against mistakes.
過去の失敗から学び、同じ過ちを間違えないように努めている。
Learning from past failures, I strive not to make the same mistake again.
Using 同じ過ち (same mistake) and the negative potential form 間違えないように努めている (striving not to).
その複雑な手順を間違えることなく、彼は見事にやり遂げた。
Without making a mistake in that complex procedure, he accomplished it splendidly.
Using ~ことなく (without doing) to emphasize the absence of mistakes.
情報が錯綜しており、どの情報が正しいのか間違えそうだ。
The information is jumbled, and it seems likely I will mistake which information is correct.
Using ~そうだ (seems like) to express a tendency or likelihood of making a mistake.
彼の説明は曖昧で、間違える可能性が高い。
His explanation is ambiguous, and the possibility of making a mistake is high.
Using 可能性が高い (possibility is high) to describe the risk of error.
このプロジェクトは、些細なミス一つで計画全体が間違える恐れがある。
This project has the risk of the entire plan going wrong due to even one minor mistake.
Using 恐れがある (there is a fear/risk) and 計画全体が間違える (the entire plan goes wrong).
判断を間違えると、取り返しのつかない結果を招くことがある。
If one makes a mistake in judgment, it can lead to irrecoverable consequences.
Using 判断を間違える (make a mistake in judgment) and 取り返しのつかない結果 (irrecoverable consequences).
最新の技術動向を把握しておかないと、時代遅れになる、つまり間違えることになる。
If one doesn't grasp the latest technological trends, they will become outdated, in other words, they will make a mistake.
Using つまり (in other words) to rephrase the consequence of not keeping up.
その政策決定には、多くの専門家が間違える可能性を指摘していた。
Many experts pointed out the possibility of making a mistake in that policy decision.
Using 政策決定 (policy decision) and 指摘していた (were pointing out).
彼の分析は鋭いが、時折、根本的な部分で間違えることがある。
His analysis is sharp, but occasionally, he makes a mistake in fundamental aspects.
Using 根本的な部分 (fundamental aspects) and 時折 (occasionally).
過去の例から学ぶことなしに、将来の成功を期待するのは間違えである。
Expecting future success without learning from past examples is a mistake.
Using ~ことなしに (without doing) and ~である (formal copula) for a strong statement.
この状況下では、冷静な判断を下すことが難しく、間違えるリスクが高まる。
Under these circumstances, it is difficult to make a calm judgment, and the risk of making a mistake increases.
Using 状況下 (under circumstances) and リスクが高まる (risk increases).
誤解が生じやすい状況であり、意図せずとも相手を間違えてしまうことがある。
It is a situation where misunderstandings easily arise, and one may end up mistaking the other person unintentionally.
Using 誤解が生じやすい (misunderstandings easily arise) and 意図せずとも (unintentionally).
その歴史的事件の解釈において、多くの学者が異なる見解を持ち、間違えを指摘し合っている。
In the interpretation of that historical event, many scholars hold different views and point out each other's mistakes.
Using 解釈 (interpretation), 異なる見解 (different views), and 指摘し合っている (pointing out to each other).
現代社会では、情報過多により何が真実かを見極めるのが難しく、間違えやすい。
In modern society, due to information overload, it is difficult to discern what is true, and one easily makes mistakes.
Using 情報過多 (information overload) and 見極める (to discern).
彼の論理展開は巧妙だが、論点のすり替えという点で間違えていると批判された。
His logical development is clever, but he was criticized for making a mistake in terms of shifting the point of argument.
Using 論点のすり替え (shifting the point of argument) and 批判された (was criticized).
その複雑な数式を解く過程で、一歩でも間違えれば、最終的な答えは全く異なるものになるだろう。
In the process of solving that complex mathematical formula, if even one step is mistaken, the final answer will likely be completely different.
Using 一歩でも (even one step) and 最終的な答え (final answer).
歴史の教訓を軽視し、過去の過ちを繰り返すような政策は、間違えであると断じざるを得ない。
Policies that disregard the lessons of history and repeat past mistakes must be judged as mistaken.
Using 教訓を軽視する (disregard lessons), 繰り返す (repeat), and 断じざるを得ない (cannot help but judge).
彼の見解は一見もっともらしく聞こえるが、前提条件に間違えがあるため、結論もまた誤っている。
His view sounds plausible at first glance, but because there is a mistake in the premise, the conclusion is also erroneous.
Using 一見もっともらしく (plausible at first glance), 前提条件 (premise conditions), and 誤っている (is erroneous).
現代のメディア環境においては、情報の真偽を見極める能力が不可欠であり、それを間違えれば社会的な混乱を招きかねない。
In the modern media environment, the ability to discern the truth of information is indispensable, and if one makes a mistake in that, it can invite social chaos.
Using 情報の真偽を見極める能力 (ability to discern truth of information), 不可欠 (indispensable), and 招きかねない (can invite).
その芸術作品の解釈を巡っては、批評家たちの間で意見が対立し、互いの見解に間違えを指摘し合っている。
Regarding the interpretation of that artwork, opinions clash among critics, and they point out mistakes in each other's views.
Using 解釈を巡っては (regarding the interpretation), 意見が対立し (opinions clash), and 互いの見解 (each other's views).
彼の計画は野心的ではあったが、実行段階で予期せぬ問題に直面し、根本的な部分で間違えていたことが露呈した。
His plan was ambitious, but facing unexpected problems in the execution phase, it was revealed that he had made a mistake in fundamental aspects.
Using 野心的 (ambitious), 実行段階 (execution phase), 予期せぬ問題 (unexpected problems), and 露呈した (was revealed).
言語の習得において、文法規則を無批判に適用しようとすると、しばしば文脈を間違えてしまう。
In language acquisition, trying to apply grammar rules uncritically often leads to mistaking the context.
Using 無批判に適用する (apply uncritically) and 文脈を間違える (mistake the context).
この種の複雑なシステムにおいては、わずかな設計上の間違えが連鎖反応を引き起こし、全体的な機能不全を招く可能性がある。
In this type of complex system, even a slight design mistake can trigger a chain reaction and potentially lead to overall system failure.
Using 設計上の間違い (design mistake), 連鎖反応 (chain reaction), and 機能不全 (system failure).
その哲学的命題の根幹には、認識論的な誤謬があり、それを間違えれば、いかなる論証も無意味となる。
At the core of that philosophical proposition lies an epistemological fallacy, and if one mistakes it, any line of reasoning becomes meaningless.
Using 命題 (proposition), 根幹 (core), 認識論的な誤謬 (epistemological fallacy), and 論証 (line of reasoning).
歴史的解釈におけるパラダイムシフトは、しばしば過去の定説に間違えがあったことを前提とする。
Paradigm shifts in historical interpretation often presuppose that there was a mistake in the established theories of the past.
Using パラダイムシフト (paradigm shift), 定説 (established theory), and 前提とする (to presuppose).
彼の理論は、人間心理の根源的な部分を間違えており、その結果、彼の提唱する解決策は現実離れしている。
His theory mistakes the fundamental aspects of human psychology, and as a result, the solutions he proposes are out of touch with reality.
Using 根源的な部分 (fundamental aspects), 提唱する (to propose), and 現実離れしている (out of touch with reality).
科学的探求においては、仮説の検証過程で生じる微細な誤差や、実験設計上の間違えが、結論の妥当性を大きく左右する。
In scientific inquiry, minute errors arising during the hypothesis testing process, or mistakes in experimental design, greatly influence the validity of the conclusion.
Using 科学的探求 (scientific inquiry), 仮説の検証 (hypothesis testing), 微細な誤差 (minute errors), and 妥当性 (validity).
その芸術家の初期の作品には、技法的な未熟さからくる間違えが散見されるが、それが後の革新へと繋がっていく。
In the artist's early works, mistakes stemming from technical immaturity are scattered, but these lead to later innovation.
Using 技法的な未熟さ (technical immaturity), 散見される (are scattered), and 革新 (innovation).
社会制度の設計において、人間の行動様式に対する誤った前提を置くことは、意図せぬ副作用を生み出し、根本的な間違えとなる。
In the design of social systems, adopting incorrect assumptions about human behavioral patterns creates unintended side effects and becomes a fundamental mistake.
Using 行動様式 (behavioral patterns), 誤った前提 (incorrect assumptions), 意図せぬ副作用 (unintended side effects), and 根本的な間違い (fundamental mistake).
言語のニュアンスを間違えると、文化的な誤解が生じ、国際的なコミュニケーションにおいて深刻な障害となり得る。
Mistaking the nuances of language can lead to cultural misunderstandings and can become a serious obstacle in international communication.
Using ニュアンス (nuance), 文化的な誤解 (cultural misunderstandings), and 障害 (obstacle).
その文学作品の批評において、作者の意図を間違えているという指摘は、作品の核心を捉え損ねていると言わざるを得ない。
The criticism that the author's intention is mistaken in the critique of that literary work cannot help but be said to miss the core of the work.
Using 文学作品 (literary work), 作者の意図 (author's intention), 批評 (critique), and 核心を捉え損ねる (miss the core).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— I made a mistake. (Polite past tense)
すみません、間違えました。 (Sumimasen, machigaemashita. - Sorry, I made a mistake.)
— Made a mistake. (Plain past tense)
道順を間違えた。 (Michijun o machigaeta. - I made a mistake with the directions.)
— So as not to make a mistake.
間違えないように、もう一度確認します。 (Machigae nai you ni, mou ichido kakunin shimasu. - So as not to make a mistake, I will check again.)
— Is wrong / Is mistaken.
その考え方は間違っていると思います。 (Sono kangaekata wa machigatte iru to omoimasu. - I think that way of thinking is wrong.)
— I almost made a mistake.
危ない、間違えるところだった! (Abunai, machigaeru tokoro datta! - That was close, I almost made a mistake!)
— There is no way I would make a mistake / I couldn't possibly make a mistake.
この簡単な問題で間違えるわけがない。 (Kono kantan na mondai de machigaeru wake ga nai. - There's no way I'd make a mistake on this simple problem.)
— Easy to make a mistake / Prone to mistakes.
この漢字は間違えやすいです。 (Kono kanji wa machigae yasui desu. - This kanji is easy to make a mistake with.)
— To commit a mistake. (More formal)
重大な間違えを犯しました。(Juudai na machigae o okashimashita. - I committed a grave mistake.)
— To admit a mistake.
自分の間違えを認めるのは勇気がいる。 (Jibun no machigae o mitomeru no wa yuuki ga iru. - It takes courage to admit one's mistake.)
— To correct a mistake.
間違えを正すために、もう一度やり直します。(Machigae o tadasu tame ni, mou ichido yarinaoshimasu. - To correct the mistake, I will do it again.)
اغلب اشتباه گرفته میشود با
While both mean 'to make a mistake,' 誤る is significantly more formal and less common in everyday spoken Japanese. It's often used in official apologies or written documents.
This means 'to fail.' A mistake (間違える) can lead to failure, but 失敗する focuses on the outcome of not succeeding, whereas 間違える focuses on the act of making an error itself.
This means 'to misunderstand' or 'to mistake one thing for another.' It's similar to 間違える when the mistake involves perception or interpretation, but 間違える is broader.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be extremely busy, to the point of wanting even a cat's help. While not directly related to 間違える, being overwhelmed can lead to making mistakes.
今週は猫の手も借りたいほど忙しいので、間違えないように気をつけないと。
Informal— Complacency is a great enemy. This idiom warns against letting your guard down, as it can lead to mistakes.
油断大敵と言うように、どんなに簡単な作業でも間違えないように注意が必要です。
Proverbial/Formal— To backfire; to have the opposite effect of what was intended. This can be a consequence of making a mistake.
せっかく努力したのに、裏目に出てしまい、間違えた結果になった。
Neutral— To spin one's wheels; to put in effort but achieve nothing. This can happen when one is making mistakes and not progressing.
いくら頑張っても空回りしているようで、何か根本的に間違えているのかもしれない。
Neutral— A mudslinging match; a competition where participants resort to dirty tactics. While not directly about making mistakes, it implies a lack of integrity and potentially errors in judgment.
政治の世界では、泥仕合になり、相手のミスを指摘し合うばかりで、本来の目的を見失ってしまうことがある。
Neutral/Negative— To dig one's own grave; to bring about one's own downfall through one's actions. This is a severe consequence of making significant mistakes.
彼の度重なる間違えは、まさに墓穴を掘る行為だったと言える。
Figurative— To see the trees but not the forest; to focus on minor details and miss the bigger picture. This can lead to making mistakes in strategic planning.
木を見て森を見ずでは、全体像を間違えてしまう。
Proverbial— To be straightforward; to have no hidden agenda. The opposite of this could be someone who is deceptive, which might involve deliberate errors or misleading information.
正直さは大切だが、あまりに裏表がないと、かえって相手に間違えられやすいかもしれない。
Figurative— To cross a stone bridge after tapping it; to be extremely cautious. This approach helps avoid mistakes.
石橋を叩いて渡るくらいの慎重さがあれば、間違えることは少ないだろう。
Proverbial— Fall down seven times, get up eight; perseverance. This acknowledges that mistakes (falling down) are part of the process, but the key is to keep trying.
七転び八起きのように、間違えても諦めずに挑戦し続けることが大切だ。
Proverbialبهراحتی اشتباه گرفته میشود
General term for making a mistake.
Covers a wide range of errors: actions, calculations, memory, identification. Used in neutral to informal contexts.
道順を間違えた。(I got the directions wrong.)
Also means 'to make a mistake'.
More formal and literary. Used for significant or official errors. Less common in casual speech.
重大な誤りを犯しました。(We committed a grave error.)
Related to negative outcomes.
Focuses on the result of failing to achieve a goal, rather than the specific error made. Can be a consequence of 間違える.
試験に失敗した。(I failed the exam.)
Involves mistaking something.
Specifically refers to misunderstanding, misinterpreting, or mistaking one thing for another based on perception.
彼を別の人と勘違いした。(I mistook him for someone else.)
Similar meaning to making a mistake.
A more literary and formal verb, often implying a regrettable or significant misjudgment.
過てばすなわち改むべし。(If you err, you should correct it.)
الگوهای جملهسازی
Noun + を + 間違える
電車<strong>を</strong>間違えた。(Densha <strong>o</strong> machigaeta.)
Noun + に + 間違える
計算<strong>に</strong>間違えた。(Keisan <strong>ni</strong> machigaeta.)
Verb (te-form) + 間違える
道順を間違<strong>えて</strong>しまった。(Michijun o machiga<strong>ete</strong> shimatta.)
Noun + で + 間違える
駅<strong>で</strong>間違えた。(Eki <strong>de</strong> machigaeta.)
間違えないように + Verb
間違え<strong>ないように</strong>、よく確認します。(Machigae<strong>nai you ni</strong>, yoku kakunin shimasu.)
Noun + は + 間違っている
その説明<strong>は間違っている</strong>。(Sono setsumei <strong>wa machigatte iru</strong>.)
Noun + という + 間違い
これは大きな<strong>間違い</strong>だ。(Kore wa ookina <strong>machigai</strong> da.)
Verb + ことなしに
<strong>間違えることなく</strong>、彼は任務を遂行した。(<strong>Machigaeru koto naku</strong>, kare wa ninmu o suikou shita.)
خانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
نحوه استفاده
Very High
-
Using the wrong particle, e.g., 計算を間違えた instead of 計算に間違えた.
→
計算に間違えた。
While 'o' can sometimes be used, 'ni' is generally preferred when indicating the subject or area of the mistake in calculations or judgments. This is a common point of confusion for learners.
-
Using 間違える in a very formal context where 誤る would be better.
→
重大な誤りを犯しました。
For serious errors or formal apologies, 誤る (ayamaru) is the more appropriate and respectful verb. Using 間違える might sound too casual or dismissive in such situations.
-
Confusing 間違える (to make a mistake) with 失敗する (to fail).
→
試験に合格できなかったのは、勉強方法を間違えたからです。
間違える refers to the act of making an error. 失敗する refers to the outcome of not succeeding. You might make a mistake (間違える) in your study method, which leads to failing (失敗する) the exam.
-
Using the dictionary form '間違える' when the past tense is needed.
→
道順を間違えた。
When referring to a mistake that has already occurred, the past tense forms (間違えた or 間違えました) must be used. The dictionary form is for general statements or future possibilities.
-
Using 間違える for intentional wrongdoing.
→
彼はわざと嘘をついた。
間違える implies an unintentional error. For deliberate actions that are wrong or deceitful, different verbs like 嘘をつく (uso o tsuku - to lie) or 不正をする (fusei o suru - to do something dishonest) are needed.
نکات
Particle Power
Mastering the particles に and を with 間違える is key. Remember: に often points to the area of mistake (e.g., 計算に間違える - mistake in calculation), while を is used when mistaking one thing for another (e.g., 名前を間違える - mistake the name).
Flap That 'R'
The 'ru' at the end of 間違える (machigaeru) is often a flapped 'r', similar to the 'dd' in the American English word 'ladder'. Practice saying it lightly to sound more natural.
Context is King
While 間違える is versatile, pay attention to the context. For formal situations, consider using 誤る (ayamaru). For misunderstandings, 勘違いする (kanchigai suru) might be more precise.
Embrace the Error
Don't be afraid to use 間違える when you make a mistake. Japanese culture values humility and learning from errors. Saying '間違えました' is often better than trying to hide it.
Visual Cues
Create a mental image for 間違える. Imagine a path that splits, and you accidentally take the wrong, thorny one. This visual can help you recall the meaning and usage.
Sentence Building
Actively create sentences using 間違える in different tenses and with various particles. Write about your own small mistakes from the day to reinforce the vocabulary.
The Art of Apology
In Japan, admitting mistakes often comes with an apology. Practice saying 'すみません、間違えました' (Sumimasen, machigaemashita) – 'Sorry, I made a mistake' – as it's a polite and common phrase.
Negative Prevention
To express 'so as not to make a mistake,' use the pattern '間違えないように' (machigae nai you ni). This is useful for giving warnings or instructions.
Noun Form
Remember the noun form 間違い (machigai). This allows you to talk about 'mistakes' in general, e.g., '間違い探し' (machigai sagashi - finding mistakes).
Past Tense Focus
Most often, you'll hear and use 間違える in its past tense forms (間違えた, 間違えました) because people are usually talking about mistakes that have already happened.
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Imagine a mischievous monkey (マカク - makaku) who always チガ(chiga)w-a-y-s makes a mess. He always エ(e)ats the wrong food and ル(ru)ns away from his chores! He always makes mistakes!
تداعی تصویری
Picture a path that splits into two. One path is straight and clear (correct), the other is winding and thorny (mistake). You are standing at the fork, and you choose the thorny path, signifying you've made a mistake (間違える).
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to use 間違える in at least three different sentences today, describing things you or others might have done incorrectly.
ریشه کلمه
The verb 間違える (machigaeru) is believed to derive from the compound of 'mata' (又 - again, repeatedly) and 'chigau' (違う - to differ, to be wrong). This suggests an origin related to repeatedly differing from the correct path or state.
معنای اصلی: The concept of 'repeatedly being different' or 'going the wrong way again and again'.
Japonic languages (Japanese)بافت فرهنگی
When discussing mistakes, especially in a professional context, it's important to be mindful of the other person's feelings. A direct accusation of 'You made a mistake' might be too blunt. Phrases like 'There might be a slight error here' or 'Could we review this part?' are often preferred. The act of apologizing (sumimasen, gomen nasai) is crucial when admitting fault.
In English-speaking cultures, admitting mistakes can sometimes be seen as a sign of weakness, although this is changing. The focus can sometimes be on finding solutions rather than dwelling on the error itself. However, accountability is generally important.
تمرین در زندگی واقعی
موقعیتهای واقعی
Daily conversations about personal experiences.
- すみません、間違えました。
- 道順を間違えた。
- 名前を間違えたかも。
- 漢字を間違えることが多い。
Workplace or academic settings discussing tasks and reports.
- 計算を間違えたようです。
- 指示を間違えないように。
- 報告書に間違いはありませんか?
- この部分で間違えた可能性があります。
Learning a new skill or language.
- 間違えるのは普通です。
- 間違えたところを直しましょう。
- 練習で間違えても大丈夫。
- 発音を間違えないように注意しています。
Expressing regret or acknowledging an error.
- 間違えたことを後悔しています。
- 自分の間違えを認めます。
- 間違えたせいで、ご迷惑をおかけしました。
- もう間違えないようにします。
Giving or receiving instructions and directions.
- この角を間違えないでください。
- 電車を間違えないように気をつけて。
- 地図を間違えたので、遅れます。
- 説明を間違えたので、もう一度言います。
شروعکنندههای مکالمه
"What's something small you often mistake or get wrong in daily life?"
"Can you share a time you made a funny mistake while learning Japanese?"
"How do you usually react when you realize you've made a mistake?"
"Is there a common mistake that Japanese learners make that you've noticed?"
"When you make a mistake, do you prefer to admit it right away or try to fix it quietly?"
موضوعات نگارش
Describe a situation today where you or someone else made a mistake. How was it handled?
Think about a time you learned something valuable from a mistake you made. What was the mistake and what did you learn?
Reflect on the importance of admitting mistakes. How does it affect relationships or trust?
Write about a skill you are trying to learn. What kind of mistakes do you anticipate making, and how will you approach them?
Imagine you are teaching someone Japanese. How would you explain the verb 'machigaeru' and its common uses?
سوالات متداول
10 سوالThe most common and versatile way is using the past tense of 間違える (machigaeru). In polite Japanese, you would say 「間違えました」(machigaemashita). In plain form, it's 「間違えた」(machigaeta). For example, 'すみません、間違えました。' (Sorry, I made a mistake.)
間違える (machigaeru) is used for everyday, general mistakes in neutral or informal situations. 誤る (ayamaru) is much more formal and is typically used in written Japanese, official apologies, or for very serious errors. Think of 間違える for forgetting your keys, and 誤る for a major corporate error.
間違える (machigaeru) is a broader term for making any kind of mistake – in action, calculation, memory, etc. 勘違いする (kanchigai suru) specifically means 'to misunderstand' or 'to mistake one thing for another,' often related to perception or interpretation. For example, you might 間違える a calculation, but you 勘違いする someone's intention.
You can use the pattern 'Verb in negative potential form + ように'. So, for 間違える, it becomes 「間違えないように」(machigae nai you ni). You can add ください (kudasai) for politeness: 「間違えないようにしてください」(machigae nai you ni shite kudasai - Please don't make a mistake).
間違った (machigatta) is the past tense form of 間違える used as an adjective. It means 'wrong,' 'incorrect,' or 'mistaken.' It modifies nouns. For example, '間違った答え' (machigatta kotae) means 'a wrong answer'.
Yes, absolutely. You can say 「判断を間違える」(handan o machigaeru) which means 'to make a mistake in judgment' or 'to misjudge.' This is a common usage.
It is not only okay, but expected! Making mistakes is a natural and essential part of the learning process. Japanese speakers generally understand this and are often encouraging. You might even hear them say, '間違えるのは普通ですよ' (Machigaeru no wa futsuu desu yo - Making mistakes is normal).
You can use 間違える for mistaking people. For example, 「隣の人を先生と間違えた」(Tonari no hito o sensei to machigaeta - I mistook the person next to me for the teacher). 勘違いする can also be used here: 「隣の人を先生だと勘違いした」(Tonari no hito o sensei da to kanchigai shita).
The noun form is 間違い (machigai), which means 'mistake,' 'error,' or 'fault.' You can say, 'これは大きな間違いです' (Kore wa ookina machigai desu - This is a big mistake).
You can use the pattern 'Verb in dictionary form + ところだった (tokoro datta)'. So, for 間違える, it would be 「間違えるところだった」(machigaeru tokoro datta). For example, '危ない、間違えるところだった!' (Abunai, machigaeru tokoro datta! - That was close, I almost made a mistake!).
خودت رو بسنج 10 سوال
/ 10 درست
نمره کامل!
Summary
The verb <strong>間違える (machigaeru)</strong> is essential for expressing unintentional errors in Japanese, ranging from minor slips to more significant mistakes in various contexts.
- To make a mistake.
- Used for unintentional errors.
- Common in daily conversation.
- Key verb for expressing errors.
Particle Power
Mastering the particles に and を with 間違える is key. Remember: に often points to the area of mistake (e.g., 計算に間違える - mistake in calculation), while を is used when mistaking one thing for another (e.g., 名前を間違える - mistake the name).
Flap That 'R'
The 'ru' at the end of 間違える (machigaeru) is often a flapped 'r', similar to the 'dd' in the American English word 'ladder'. Practice saying it lightly to sound more natural.
Context is King
While 間違える is versatile, pay attention to the context. For formal situations, consider using 誤る (ayamaru). For misunderstandings, 勘違いする (kanchigai suru) might be more precise.
Embrace the Error
Don't be afraid to use 間違える when you make a mistake. Japanese culture values humility and learning from errors. Saying '間違えました' is often better than trying to hide it.
مثال
答えを間違えてしまった。
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر general
いくつか
B1An unspecified small number of things; some, a few.
ちょっと
A2کمی؛ یک لحظه. برای نرم کردن درخواستها یا رد کردن مؤدبانه استفاده میشود.
すこし
A2A little; a few.
さっき
A2کمی پیش; همین چند لحظه پیش.
能力
A1Nouryoku refers to the mental or physical power, skill, or capacity required to perform a specific task or function. It can describe both innate talent and skills acquired through learning and practice.
異常
A1A word used to describe something that deviates from the normal state, standard, or expected pattern. It often implies a problem, malfunction, or an extraordinary occurrence that requires attention or investigation.
~について
A2عبارتی که برای نشان دادن موضوع صحبت یا تفکر استفاده میشود.
〜について
B1عبارتی به معنای 'درباره' یا 'در مورد'.
~ぐらい
A2یک حرف اضافه ژاپنی به معنای 'حدوداً' یا 'تقریباً'.
ぐらい
A2حدود ده دقیقه طول میکشد. (حدود 10 دقیقه طول میکشد.)