B1 Passive & Reported Speech 1 min read متوسط

Shifting Pronouns

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Grammar Rule in 30 Seconds

When moving from direct to indirect speech, pronouns must shift to match the speaker's perspective.

  • 1st person (men) shifts to 3rd person (ol) when reported by someone else: 'Men baram' -> 'Ol baratynyn aytty'.
  • 2nd person (sen) shifts to 1st or 3rd depending on the context of the report.
  • Possessive suffixes must align with the new subject of the reported clause.
Direct: [Speaker] + 'Quote' + dedi -> Indirect: [Speaker] + [Subject] + [Verb] + -tynyn + aytty

Reported Speech Formation

Direct Speech Participle Possessive Indirect Speech
Men baram
baratyn
-yn
baratyndy
Men keldim
kelgen
-in
kelgenin
Men oqimyn
oqityn
-yn
oqityndy
Men jeymin
jegen
-in
jegenin
Men kormedim
kormegen
-in
kormegenin
Men barmaymyn
barmaytyn
-yn
barmaytyndy

Meanings

This grammar rule governs how pronouns change when converting direct speech into indirect speech to maintain logical consistency.

1

Reported Speech Shift

Adjusting pronouns to reflect the original speaker's identity within a reported sentence.

“Ol: 'Men oqimyn' -> Ol oqitynyn aytty.”

“Sen: 'Men baram' -> Sen baratyndy ayttyng.”

Reference Table

Reference table for Shifting Pronouns
Form Structure Example
Affirmative
Verb + Participle + Possessive + Object
Ol baratyndy aytty
Negative
Verb + Neg + Participle + Possessive + Object
Ol barmaytyndy aytty
Past
Verb + -gen + Possessive + Object
Ol kelgenin aytty
Future
Verb + -tyn + Possessive + Object
Ol baratyndy aytty
Question
Verb + Participle + Possessive + -ba?
Ol baratyndy surady ma?
Short Answer
Pronoun + Participle + Possessive
Ol baratyndy

طیف رسمیت

رسمی
Ol keletinin mәlimdedi.

Ol keletinin mәlimdedi. (Reporting arrival.)

خنثی
Ol keletinin aytty.

Ol keletinin aytty. (Reporting arrival.)

غیر رسمی
Ol kelem dedi.

Ol kelem dedi. (Reporting arrival.)

عامیانه
Ol kelem dep jatyr.

Ol kelem dep jatyr. (Reporting arrival.)

Pronoun Shift Flow

Reported Speech

Direct

  • Men I

Indirect

  • Ol He/She

مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

1

Ol: 'Men baram' -> Ol baratyndy aytty.

He: 'I am going' -> He said he is going.

2

Ol: 'Men keldim' -> Ol kelgenin aytty.

He: 'I came' -> He said he came.

3

Ol: 'Men oqimyn' -> Ol oqityndy aytty.

He: 'I study' -> He said he studies.

4

Ol: 'Men jeymin' -> Ol jegenin aytty.

He: 'I eat' -> He said he eats.

1

Dosym: 'Men jұmys isteymin' -> Dosym jұmys isteytinin aytty.

My friend: 'I work' -> My friend said he works.

2

Anam: 'Men tamaq pisiremin' -> Anam tamaq pisiretinin aytty.

Mom: 'I cook' -> Mom said she cooks.

3

Ol: 'Men keshigemin' -> Ol keshigetinin aytty.

He: 'I will be late' -> He said he will be late.

4

Ol: 'Men kormedim' -> Ol kormegenin aytty.

He: 'I did not see' -> He said he did not see.

1

Ol: 'Men erteng baramyn' -> Ol erteng baratyndy aytty.

He: 'I will go tomorrow' -> He said he would go tomorrow.

2

Ol: 'Men bұl kitapty oqydym' -> Ol bұl kitapty oqyghanyn aytty.

He: 'I read this book' -> He said he read this book.

3

Ol: 'Men sagan aytqam' -> Ol magan aytqanyn aytty.

He: 'I told you' -> He said he told me.

4

Ol: 'Men keshke deyin jұmys isteymin' -> Ol keshke deyin jұmys isteytinin aytty.

He: 'I work until evening' -> He said he works until evening.

1

Ol: 'Men bұl jerde turmaymyn' -> Ol bұl jerde turmaytyndy aytty.

He: 'I don't live here' -> He said he doesn't live here.

2

Ol: 'Men keshigip qaldym' -> Ol keshigip qalghanyn moyyndady.

He: 'I am late' -> He admitted he was late.

3

Ol: 'Men bұl sheshimge keldim' -> Ol bұl sheshimge kelgenin jetkizdi.

He: 'I reached this decision' -> He conveyed that he reached this decision.

4

Ol: 'Men oghan senbeymin' -> Ol oghan senbeytinin aytty.

He: 'I don't trust him' -> He said he doesn't trust him.

1

Ol: 'Men bұl jұmystan ketemin' -> Ol bұl jұmystan ketetinin mәlimdedi.

He: 'I am leaving this job' -> He announced that he is leaving this job.

2

Ol: 'Men bұl turaly bilmeymin' -> Ol bұl turaly bilmeytinin qadap aytty.

He: 'I don't know about this' -> He emphasized that he doesn't know about this.

3

Ol: 'Men bұl qatelikti tuzetemin' -> Ol bұl qatelikti tuzetetinin uәde berdi.

He: 'I will fix this error' -> He promised he would fix this error.

4

Ol: 'Men bұl mәseleni sheshemin' -> Ol bұl mәseleni sheshetinin sendirdi.

He: 'I will solve this issue' -> He convinced me he would solve this issue.

1

Ol: 'Men bұl qadamgha baramyn' -> Ol bұl qadamgha baratyndy qatań eskertti.

He: 'I will take this step' -> He warned strictly that he would take this step.

2

Ol: 'Men bұl oqighany kordim' -> Ol bұl oqighany korgenin kuәlandyrdy.

He: 'I saw this event' -> He testified that he saw this event.

3

Ol: 'Men bұl oydy qoldaymyn' -> Ol bұl oydy qoldaytyndy bildirdi.

He: 'I support this idea' -> He expressed that he supports this idea.

4

Ol: 'Men bұl keshigudi tusindiremin' -> Ol bұl keshigudi tusindiretinin mәlim etti.

He: 'I will explain this delay' -> He stated he would explain this delay.

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

Shifting Pronouns در مقابل Direct vs Indirect Speech

Learners mix up the pronoun usage.

Shifting Pronouns در مقابل Participle choice

Choosing between -tyn and -gen.

Shifting Pronouns در مقابل Possessive suffix

Using the wrong person suffix.

اشتباهات رایج

✗

Ol men baram dedi

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Keeping the first person pronoun.
✗

Ol baratyndy dedi

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Using the wrong verb for reported speech.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Wait, this is correct.
✗

Ol baram dedi

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Mixing direct and indirect.
✗

Ol kelgeni aytty

✓

Ol kelgenin aytty

Missing the object case suffix.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.
✗

Ol baratyndy aytty

✓

Ol baratyndy aytty

Correct.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Ol ___ aytty.

Ol ___ mәlimdedi.

Ol ___ dep aytty.

Ol ___ qadap aytty.

Real World Usage

Work email very common

Ol jұmysty bitirgenin aytty.

Texting constant

Ol kelem dedi.

News report common

Ol mәlimdeme jasady.

Social media common

Ol bұl turaly jazdy.

Travel booking occasional

Ol keshigetinin aytty.

Food delivery occasional

Ol tamaqty әkeletinin aytty.

💡

Focus on Suffixes

Don't worry about the pronoun as much as the suffix. The suffix tells you who did it.
⚠️

Avoid Direct Quotes

If you use quotes, you don't need to shift. But indirect speech is more natural.
🎯

Use Participles

Mastering -tyn and -gen is the key to all reported speech.
💬

Be Precise

In professional settings, use formal verbs like 'mәlimdedi' instead of just 'aytty'.

Smart Tips

Always use the -tyn participle.

Ol baram dedi. → Ol baratyndy aytty.

Always use the -gen participle.

Ol keldi dedi. → Ol kelgenin aytty.

Use 'mәlimdedi' instead of 'aytty'.

Ol aytty. → Ol mәlimdedi.

Ensure the negative suffix is inside the participle.

Ol barmay aytty. → Ol barmaytyndy aytty.

تلفظ

ba-ra-TYN-dy

Suffix stress

Stress usually falls on the last syllable of the participle.

Falling

Ol baratyndy aytty ↓

Declarative statement.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of the 'Reported Mirror': When you look at a quote in the mirror, the 'I' turns into 'He/She'.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person holding a megaphone. They say 'I am here'. Then, a reporter stands next to them, pointing at them and saying 'He said he is there'.

Rhyme

When you report what others say, change the pronoun right away!

Story

A man named Ali said 'I am hungry'. His friend told his mother, 'Ali said he is hungry'. The mother then fed Ali.

شبکه واژگان

ayttydedibaratyndykelgeninoqityndyjegenin

چالش

Find a news headline in Kazakh, rewrite it as if you are telling a friend what the headline said.

نکات فرهنگی

In Kazakh culture, reporting speech accurately is a sign of respect and reliability.

Derived from Turkic participle systems.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

“

Ol ne dedi?

“

Ol qashan keledi dedi?

“

Ol bұl turaly ne oylaydy?

“

Ol nege bұlay dedi?

موضوعات نگارش

Write about a conversation you had today.
Summarize a news article you read.
Describe a disagreement you had.
Discuss a professional meeting.

اشتباهات رایج

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Incorrect

صحیح

Test Yourself

Fill in the blank.

Ol baratyndy ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aytty
Aytty is the standard reporting verb.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Ol: 'Men keldim' -> Ol ___ aytty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kelgenin
Needs participle + possessive + object case.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ol men baram dedi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol baratyndy aytty
Must shift pronoun and use correct verb.
Convert to indirect. Sentence Transformation

Men oqimyn.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol oqityndy aytty
Standard indirect form.
Match the direct to indirect. جفت کردن

Match each item on the left with its pair on the right:

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct shift.
Conjugate the verb. Conjugation Drill

Kel (past) ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kelgenin
Correct participle form.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Ol + aytty + baratyndy

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol baratyndy aytty
Correct word order.
Choose the correct participle. چند گزینه‌ای

Ol: 'Men baram' -> Ol ___ aytty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: baratyndy
Future/habitual uses -tyn.

Score: /8

تمرین‌های عملی

8 exercises
Fill in the blank.

Ol baratyndy ___.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: aytty
Aytty is the standard reporting verb.
Choose the correct form. چند گزینه‌ای

Ol: 'Men keldim' -> Ol ___ aytty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kelgenin
Needs participle + possessive + object case.
Fix the sentence. Error Correction

Find and fix the mistake:

Ol men baram dedi.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol baratyndy aytty
Must shift pronoun and use correct verb.
Convert to indirect. Sentence Transformation

Men oqimyn.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol oqityndy aytty
Standard indirect form.
Match the direct to indirect. جفت کردن

Men baram -> Ol baratyndy aytty

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: True
Correct shift.
Conjugate the verb. Conjugation Drill

Kel (past) ->

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: kelgenin
Correct participle form.
Build the sentence. Sentence Building

Ol + aytty + baratyndy

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: Ol baratyndy aytty
Correct word order.
Choose the correct participle. چند گزینه‌ای

Ol: 'Men baram' -> Ol ___ aytty.

✓ Correct! ✗ Not quite. Correct answer: baratyndy
Future/habitual uses -tyn.

Score: /8

سوالات متداول (8)

To maintain the perspective of the reporter, not the original speaker.

Yes, but 'aytty' is more common for reported speech.

Add the negative suffix to the verb before the participle.

Yes, it is standard in journalism and reports.

Use the same structure with 'surady' (asked).

The participle suffix indicates the tense of the original statement.

You can use passive voice or 'bireu aytty'.

Some dialects might use different participle forms.

Scaffolded Practice

1

1

2

2

3

3

4

4

Mastery Progress

Needs Practice

Improving

Strong

Mastered

In Other Languages

English moderate

Reported speech with backshifting

Kazakh uses suffixes; English uses tense changes.

Spanish moderate

Estilo indirecto

Spanish uses conjunctions; Kazakh uses suffixes.

German low

Konjunktiv I

German uses mood; Kazakh uses participles.

Japanese high

To-iu

Japanese uses a particle; Kazakh uses a verb.

Arabic moderate

Anna

Arabic uses a particle; Kazakh uses suffixes.

Chinese low

Shuo

Chinese has no conjugation; Kazakh is highly agglutinative.

Learning Path

Prerequisites

Previous
Indirect Speech
Next
Reported Commands

Related Grammar Rules

B1

Passive Suffixes
B1

Passive Sentence Structure
B1

Passive Usage
B1

Agentive Passive
B1

Reported Speech Basics
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