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B1 noun #1,700 پرکاربردترین 12 دقیقه مطالعه

공동체

gongdongche رتبه 1,700

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 공동체 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 공동체 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '공동체' (community) might seem a bit complex, but it is a great word to start recognizing early on. As a beginner, you don't need to use it in complicated sentences. Instead, focus on understanding it when you hear it. You can think of '공동체' as a big group of people who live together or share something special, like a neighborhood or a school. When you learn basic words like '학교' (school) or '가족' (family), you can understand that these are small types of '공동체'. At this stage, try to memorize the pronunciation: gong-dong-che. It sounds a bit long, but it has a nice rhythm. You might see this word on signs around a Korean town, like at a community center. Don't worry about the deep cultural meanings yet; just know that it means 'community' or 'a group of people together'. Practicing it with simple verbs like '있어요' (exists) or '좋아요' (is good) is enough. For example, '좋은 공동체예요' (It is a good community). Building this foundational recognition will help you immensely as you progress to higher levels and start reading more complex texts.

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At the A2 level, you can start using '공동체' in simple, everyday sentences. You now know basic particles like 이/가 (subject) and 을/를 (object). You can say things like '우리 공동체가 커요' (Our community is big) or '저는 공동체를 좋아해요' (I like the community). At this stage, you should understand that '공동체' is more formal than just saying '모임' (gathering) or '친구들' (friends). It's a word you use when talking about your neighborhood, your church, or your school as a whole group. You can also start combining it with other simple nouns you know. For example, '마을 공동체' (village community) or '학교 공동체' (school community). Try to use it when you are writing short paragraphs about where you live or the groups you belong to. It shows that your vocabulary is expanding beyond just basic survival words. Remember to practice the pronunciation clearly, making sure the '체' sounds sharp. Reading simple news headlines or community notice boards will often expose you to this word, reinforcing your understanding of its practical application in daily Korean life.

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The B1 level is where '공동체' becomes a core part of your active vocabulary. At this intermediate stage, you are expected to discuss topics beyond your immediate personal life, such as society, culture, and current events. '공동체' is essential for these discussions. You should now be comfortable using collocations like '공동체 의식' (sense of community) and '지역 공동체' (local community). You can use it to express opinions, such as '현대 사회에서는 공동체 의식이 중요합니다' (In modern society, a sense of community is important). You will encounter this word frequently in TOPIK II reading and listening passages, especially those dealing with sociology, urbanization, or cultural shifts in Korea. Understanding the nuance that '공동체' implies a shared bond and mutual responsibility, unlike the more clinical word '사회' (society) or '집단' (group), is crucial at this level. You should practice writing essays using this word to describe how people interact, support each other, or face challenges together. Mastering '공동체' at B1 allows you to sound much more natural and culturally aware when discussing Korean societal norms.

At the B2 level, your use of '공동체' should be nuanced and sophisticated. You are now dealing with abstract concepts and complex arguments. You should be able to discuss different types of communities, such as '온라인 공동체' (online communities), '국제 공동체' (the international community), or '다문화 공동체' (multicultural communities). You can analyze the breakdown or strengthening of these groups using advanced verbs like '붕괴되다' (to collapse), '형성되다' (to be formed), or '강화하다' (to strengthen). For example, '개인주의의 심화로 인해 전통적인 마을 공동체가 붕괴되고 있습니다' (Due to the deepening of individualism, traditional village communities are collapsing). At this level, you should fully grasp the cultural weight of the word, connecting it to the Korean concept of '정' (Jeong) and '우리' (Uri). You will see this word in newspaper editorials, academic texts, and news debates. Your ability to use '공동체' accurately in these high-level contexts demonstrates a strong command of Korean vocabulary and an understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics that shape the language.

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At the C1 level, '공동체' is a tool for advanced academic and professional discourse. You are expected to use it effortlessly in complex, multi-clause sentences. You can discuss sociological theories, political ideologies, and historical shifts using this term. Phrases like '운명 공동체' (community of shared destiny) or '가치 공동체' (community of shared values) should be part of your repertoire. You can critically analyze texts that debate the role of the '공동체' versus the individual (개인) in modern democratic societies. For instance, you might write or speak about how '국가 공동체의 결속력을 다지기 위한 정책적 노력이 필요하다' (Policy efforts are needed to solidify the cohesion of the national community). At this level, you understand the subtle rhetorical power of the word when used by politicians or activists to evoke emotion and solidarity. You can differentiate it perfectly from synonyms like '사회', '집단', and '조직', choosing the exact right word for the specific academic or professional context. Your usage reflects a near-native understanding of Korean societal structures.

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At the C2 level, your mastery of '공동체' is indistinguishable from a highly educated native speaker. You understand its etymological roots (Hanja: 共同體) and can trace its conceptual evolution through Korean history, from traditional agrarian 'Dure' systems to modern hyper-connected digital networks. You can employ it in literary, philosophical, and highly specialized contexts. You might encounter and use it in poetry, advanced philosophical treatises, or complex legal and political documents. You can play with the concept, creating novel compound words or using it metaphorically. You understand how the concept of '공동체' interacts with globalism, post-modernism, and hyper-individualism in contemporary Korean thought. You can deliver a persuasive, hour-long lecture or write a comprehensive thesis where '공동체' is a central theme, manipulating its nuances to evoke specific intellectual and emotional responses from your audience. At this pinnacle of language proficiency, '공동체' is not just a vocabulary word; it is a profound conceptual lens through which you can analyze and articulate the deepest complexities of human existence and Korean identity.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

공동체 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A group of people living together.
People sharing common interests or goals.
Emphasizes unity and mutual responsibility.
Often used in sociology and politics.

The Korean word '공동체' (gong-dong-che) is a fundamental concept in Korean society, translating most directly to 'community' in English. However, its implications run much deeper than a simple geographic grouping of individuals. To truly understand this word, one must delve into the sociological, historical, and cultural fabric of Korea. The word is composed of three Hanja (Chinese characters): 共 (gong) meaning 'together' or 'shared', 同 (dong) meaning 'same', and 體 (che) meaning 'body' or 'form'. When combined, these characters paint a picture of a group of people who share the same body, emphasizing an intense level of unity, shared destiny, and mutual responsibility. In traditional Korean agrarian society, survival depended heavily on cooperative labor, giving rise to systems like 'Dure' (두레) and 'Pumasi' (품앗이). These historical practices solidified the idea that the individual is inextricably linked to the group.

Hanja Breakdown: 共 (gong): Together, shared. 同 (dong): Same, identical. 體 (che): Body, system.

This historical backdrop is crucial for learners because it explains why Koreans often use the pronoun '우리' (uri, meaning 'our' or 'we') instead of 'my' when referring to personal things like 'our country' (우리나라), 'our mother' (우리 엄마), or 'our house' (우리 집). The concept of 'uri' is the linguistic manifestation of the '공동체' mindset.

우리는 하나의 공동체입니다.

In modern times, while South Korea has rapidly industrialized and become more individualistic, the underlying expectation of community cohesion remains strong. You will see this word used in various contexts, from local neighborhood associations (마을 공동체) to global initiatives (국제 공동체). It is a noun that carries a heavy emotional and sociological weight. When politicians speak, they frequently invoke the '공동체 의식' (sense of community) to rally the public during crises, such as economic downturns or natural disasters.

Related Concept: 공동체 의식 (gong-dong-che ui-sik): The psychological feeling of belonging to a community; community spirit.

Furthermore, the rise of the internet has birthed the '온라인 공동체' (online community), which operates on similar principles of shared interest and mutual support, albeit in a digital space.

건강한 공동체를 만들기 위해 노력합시다.

The usage of this word extends into academic and formal registers, making it an essential vocabulary item for anyone aiming for a B1 level or higher in the CEFR scale for Korean. It bridges the gap between basic conversational Korean and more advanced, abstract discussions about society and human interaction.

지역 공동체의 역할이 중요합니다.

Understanding '공동체' is understanding the Korean heart. It reflects the philosophy that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, and that individual well-being is tied to the well-being of the group.

Cultural Note: Jeong (정) is the emotional glue that holds a Korean 공동체 together, representing affection, attachment, and shared experiences.

Therefore, when you use this word, you are signaling an awareness of these deep-seated cultural values. It is not merely a translation of the English word 'community'; it is a cultural artifact that encapsulates centuries of Korean social evolution.

학교는 작은 공동체와 같습니다.

Whether discussing local governance, school environments, or national identity, '공동체' provides the necessary vocabulary to articulate the interconnectedness of human lives. In summary, mastering the word '공동체' will significantly enhance your ability to comprehend Korean news, literature, and daily conversations about societal issues, allowing you to engage more deeply with the culture and its people.

지구촌 공동체의 일원으로서 책임을 다해야 합니다.

Using the word '공동체' (gong-dong-che) correctly requires an understanding of its grammatical properties and common collocations. As a noun, it functions seamlessly with standard Korean particles. When it is the subject of a sentence, it takes the subject particles 이/가 (i/ga) or the topic particles 은/는 (eun/neun). Because '체' ends in a vowel, it takes '가' or '는' (e.g., 공동체가, 공동체는).

Subject Marker: 공동체가 (gong-dong-che-ga) - The community (as the subject doing the action).

When it is the object, it takes the object particle 를 (reul) because it ends in a vowel (e.g., 공동체를).

우리는 더 나은 공동체를 만들어야 합니다.

To express 'in the community' or 'to the community', you use the location/direction particle 에 (e) or 에서 (e-seo) depending on whether an action is taking place. '공동체에서' means an action is happening within the community. Beyond basic particles, '공동체' is frequently paired with specific nouns to create compound concepts. For instance, '지역 공동체' (ji-yeok gong-dong-che) refers to a local community or regional community. This is a highly common phrase in news and local government announcements.

Compound Noun: 국제 공동체 (guk-je gong-dong-che) - International community.

Another vital collocation is '공동체 의식' (gong-dong-che ui-sik), which translates to 'sense of community' or 'community spirit'. You will often hear verbs like '함양하다' (to foster/cultivate) or '기르다' (to raise/develop) used with this phrase.

학생들의 공동체 의식을 함양하는 교육이 필요합니다.

In terms of register, '공동체' is a relatively formal word. While you might use it in everyday conversation when discussing serious topics, it is more prevalent in written Korean, news broadcasts, academic papers, and political speeches. In casual conversation about a small group of friends, you might use words like '모임' (mo-im, gathering) or '동아리' (dong-a-ri, club) instead. When writing essays or formal emails (e.g., TOPIK II writing tasks), incorporating '공동체' can elevate the sophistication of your text. For example, discussing the impact of technology on society often involves analyzing how it affects the '온라인 공동체' (online community) versus the '오프라인 공동체' (offline community).

현대 사회에서는 가상 공동체의 비중이 커지고 있습니다.

You can also use it to describe specific types of living arrangements or shared economies. '공동체 생활' (gong-dong-che saeng-hwal) means 'communal living' or 'community life', often used when talking about dormitories, military service, or intentional communities.

Action Phrase: 공동체를 파괴하다 (gong-dong-che-reul pa-goe-ha-da) - To destroy the community.

Conversely, verbs like '형성하다' (to form), '유지하다' (to maintain), and '발전시키다' (to develop) are frequently paired with '공동체' to express positive actions.

새로운 마을 공동체를 형성했습니다.

Understanding these verb pairings is crucial for natural usage. A learner who only knows the noun but not its accompanying verbs will struggle to construct fluent sentences. Therefore, practice memorizing '공동체' as part of larger chunks or phrases.

다문화 공동체의 이해가 필수적인 시대입니다.

By mastering these collocations and grammatical structures, you will be able to discuss complex social issues in Korean with confidence and precision, demonstrating a strong grasp of intermediate to advanced vocabulary.

The word '공동체' (gong-dong-che) is ubiquitous in Korean media, academic discourse, and formal public speaking. Because it deals with the concept of society and human grouping, its primary domain is in contexts that discuss social issues, politics, economics, and education. If you tune into a Korean news broadcast (뉴스), you are almost guaranteed to hear this word within the first few segments, especially if the topic involves local government initiatives, national solidarity, or international relations.

News Context: Used when discussing policies that affect neighborhoods, cities, or the nation as a whole.

For example, during a crisis like a pandemic or a natural disaster, news anchors and politicians will frequently appeal to the public's '공동체 의식' (sense of community) to encourage cooperative behavior, such as wearing masks or volunteering.

위기 극복을 위해 공동체 의식이 절실히 요구됩니다.

In the realm of politics, '공동체' is a powerful rhetorical tool. Politicians use it to paint a vision of a unified society, often contrasting a healthy '공동체' with the dangers of extreme individualism or social division. You will also encounter this word extensively in educational settings. From elementary school social studies textbooks to university sociology lectures, '공동체' is a foundational concept. Students learn about the transition from traditional agricultural communities to modern urban societies.

Academic Context: Sociology, political science, and history texts rely heavily on this term to describe human organization.

Furthermore, the concept is highly relevant in discussions about the internet and technology. The term '온라인 공동체' (online community) or '사이버 공동체' (cyber community) is used to describe forums, social media groups, and gaming guilds.

인터넷의 발달로 새로운 형태의 공동체가 등장했습니다.

In everyday life, you might see this word on banners in apartment complexes or neighborhoods. Local governments in Korea often promote '마을 공동체' (village community) projects to encourage residents to interact, share resources, and build a safer, more friendly environment. Religious institutions also frequently use this term. A church or a temple congregation is often referred to as a '신앙 공동체' (faith community).

우리 교회는 사랑을 실천하는 공동체입니다.

In the corporate world, companies might talk about building a '기업 공동체' (corporate community) to foster employee loyalty and a shared corporate culture.

Corporate Context: Used to describe a company culture that emphasizes teamwork and shared goals over individual competition.

Finally, in discussions about globalization, the phrase '국제 공동체' (international community) or '지구촌 공동체' (global village community) is standard. It refers to the collective nations of the world working together on issues like climate change or human rights.

환경 문제는 국제 공동체가 함께 해결해야 합니다.

By familiarizing yourself with these various contexts, you will not only improve your vocabulary but also gain a deeper insight into the societal structures and values that shape modern Korea.

다양성이 존중받는 공동체를 지향합니다.

When learning the word '공동체' (gong-dong-che), students often make a few predictable mistakes, primarily stemming from confusing it with similar words or misapplying it in inappropriate contexts. The most frequent error is using '공동체' when a simpler word like '모임' (mo-im, gathering/meeting) or '동아리' (dong-a-ri, club) would be more natural. '공동체' carries a significant weight; it implies a deep, structural, and often formal bond.

Context Error: Using 공동체 for a casual group of friends. Use 모임 instead.

For example, saying '우리 친구 공동체' (our friend community) sounds extremely unnatural and overly academic. Instead, one should say '우리 친구 모임' (our friend gathering) or simply '우리 친구들' (our friends).

어제 친구 모임(not 공동체)에 다녀왔어요.

Another common mistake involves confusing '공동체' with '사회' (sa-hoe, society). While they are related, '사회' is a broader, more objective term referring to the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community. '공동체' emphasizes the *feeling* of unity, shared identity, and mutual dependence within that group. For instance, '한국 사회' (Korean society) refers to the nation as a whole objectively, whereas '한국 공동체' emphasizes the shared cultural and emotional bonds of the Korean people.

Nuance Difference: 사회 is objective and structural; 공동체 is subjective and emotional.

Grammatically, learners sometimes struggle with the correct particles. Because '체' ends in a vowel, it must take '를' for the object marker, not '을'. Saying '공동체을' is a basic but common typo or speech error.

공동체를 (not 공동체을) 위해 봉사합니다.

Furthermore, learners often fail to use the common collocations, resulting in sentences that are grammatically correct but sound awkward to native speakers. Instead of saying '공동체의 마음' (the mind of the community), it is much more natural to use the established phrase '공동체 의식' (sense of community). Pronunciation can also be a slight hurdle. While spelled 공-동-체, the continuous pronunciation should be smooth. The '동' (dong) should not be overly stressed, and the '체' (che) should be aspirated clearly.

Pronunciation Note: Ensure the 'ㅊ' in '체' is pronounced with a strong puff of air.

Lastly, learners sometimes use '공동체' to refer to a physical building, like a community center. In Korean, a community center is usually '주민센터' (ju-min-sen-teo) or '마을회관' (ma-eul-hoe-gwan). '공동체' refers to the people and the bond, not the brick-and-mortar structure.

주민센터(not 공동체)에서 서류를 발급받았습니다.

By being aware of these nuances—distinguishing it from casual gatherings, understanding its emotional weight compared to '사회', using correct particles, and avoiding using it for physical buildings—you can use '공동체' accurately and naturally.

우리는 진정한 의미의 공동체를 회복해야 합니다.

온라인 공동체의 예절을 지킵시다.

The Korean language is rich in vocabulary related to groups, organizations, and society. Understanding the subtle differences between '공동체' (gong-dong-che) and its synonyms is crucial for achieving fluency and precision in your communication. The most closely related word is '사회' (sa-hoe), which translates to 'society'.

사회 (Society): Refers to the macro-level structure of human organization. It is more objective and less emotional than 공동체.

While '공동체' implies a shared identity and mutual bond, '사회' simply describes the collective existence of people. For example, '현대 사회' (modern society) describes the current state of human organization, whereas '마을 공동체' (village community) describes a close-knit group with shared interests.

그는 공동체의 이익을 위해 헌신했습니다.

Another similar word is '집단' (jip-dan), which translates to 'group' or 'collective'. '집단' is a highly neutral, almost clinical term. It simply denotes a plurality of individuals. For instance, '이익 집단' (interest group) refers to a group seeking specific benefits, lacking the warm, cooperative nuance of '공동체'. Then there is '단체' (dan-che), meaning 'organization' or 'association'. '단체' implies a structured group with specific rules, leaders, and official purposes, such as an NGO (시민 단체) or a sports association.

단체 (Organization): A formally organized group with specific goals and administrative structures.

A '공동체' might exist without any formal administration, bound only by shared culture or geography.

우리 공동체는 서로를 돕습니다.

'조직' (jo-jik) is another related term, translating to 'organization' or 'system', often used in corporate or biological contexts (e.g., 세포 조직 - cell tissue, 회사 조직 - company organization). It focuses heavily on the hierarchical and functional arrangement of parts. For more casual contexts, words like '모임' (mo-im, gathering/club) or '동아리' (dong-a-ri, school club) are used. If you and your friends meet every weekend to play soccer, that is a '모임' or '동아리', not a '공동체'.

모임 (Gathering): A casual or semi-formal meeting of people for a specific, often social, purpose.

However, if that soccer club becomes deeply integrated into the local neighborhood, supporting local businesses and organizing charity events, it might evolve into a vital part of the '지역 공동체' (local community).

그들은 하나의 운명 공동체로 묶여 있습니다.

In summary, choose '사회' for broad societal structures, '집단' for neutral groupings, '단체' for formal organizations, '조직' for structured systems, '모임' for casual gatherings, and reserve '공동체' for groups characterized by a strong sense of shared identity, mutual support, and deep emotional connection.

언어는 공동체의 문화를 반영합니다.

평화로운 공동체를 꿈꿉니다.

چقدر رسمی است؟

سطح دشواری

گرامر لازم

Noun + 의 (Possessive: 공동체의 발전을 위해)

Noun + (으)로서 (Role/Capacity: 공동체의 일원으로서)

Verb + 기 위해(서) (Purpose: 공동체를 지키기 위해서)

Noun + 에 속하다 (Belonging: 공동체에 속해 있다)

Noun + 을/를 형성하다 (Collocation: 공동체를 형성하다)

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

여기는 좋은 공동체입니다.

This is a good community.

Noun + 입니다 (formal polite 'to be').

우리 공동체는 커요.

Our community is big.

Subject particle 는 + 커요 (is big).

공동체에 사람이 많아요.

There are many people in the community.

Location particle 에 + 많아요 (are many).

저는 공동체를 좋아해요.

I like the community.

Object particle 를 + 좋아해요 (like).

마을 공동체에 가요.

I am going to the village community.

Direction particle 에 + 가요 (go).

공동체 친구를 만나요.

I meet a community friend.

Object particle 를 + 만나요 (meet).

이것은 공동체 규칙이에요.

This is a community rule.

Noun + 이에요 (polite 'to be').

공동체가 아름다워요.

The community is beautiful.

Subject particle 가 + 아름다워요 (is beautiful).

우리 마을은 따뜻한 공동체입니다.

Our village is a warm community.

Adjective 따뜻한 modifying noun 공동체.

공동체 생활은 재미있어요.

Community life is fun.

Compound noun 공동체 생활.

학교는 작은 공동체와 같아요.

A school is like a small community.

Noun + 와/과 같다 (to be like).

공동체를 위해서 봉사활동을 했어요.

I did volunteer work for the community.

Noun + 을/를 위해서 (for the sake of).

건강한 공동체를 만들고 싶어요.

I want to make a healthy community.

Verb + 고 싶다 (want to).

온라인 공동체에서 정보를 얻어요.

I get information from an online community.

Location particle 에서 (action happening in a place).

우리는 같은 공동체에 속해 있습니다.

We belong to the same community.

Verb 속하다 (to belong to).

공동체 행사에 참여할 거예요.

I will participate in the community event.

Future tense ㄹ/을 거예요.

현대 사회에서는 공동체 의식이 점차 약해지고 있습니다.

In modern society, the sense of community is gradually weakening.

Verb + 아/어지다 (gradual change).

지역 공동체의 발전을 위해 주민들이 모였습니다.

Residents gathered for the development of the local community.

Noun + 의 (possessive particle).

이웃과 소통하며 살아가는 것이 진정한 공동체입니다.

Living while communicating with neighbors is a true community.

Verb + 며 (while doing).

다문화 공동체를 이해하고 존중하는 태도가 필요합니다.

An attitude of understanding and respecting multicultural communities is necessary.

Adjective modifying noun (존중하는 태도).

인터넷의 발달로 새로운 형태의 가상 공동체가 등장했습니다.

With the development of the internet, new forms of virtual communities have appeared.

Noun + 로 (due to / by means of).

우리는 지구촌 공동체의 일원으로서 환경을 보호해야 합니다.

As members of the global village community, we must protect the environment.

Noun + (으)로서 (as a role/capacity).

공동체의 이익과 개인의 자유 사이에서 균형을 찾아야 합니다.

We must find a balance between the interests of the community and individual freedom.

Noun + 사이에서 (between/among).

그 단체는 소외된 이웃을 돕는 따뜻한 신앙 공동체입니다.

That organization is a warm faith community that helps marginalized neighbors.

Relative clause modifying a noun (돕는 공동체).

급격한 도시화는 전통적인 마을 공동체의 붕괴를 초래했습니다.

Rapid urbanization has brought about the collapse of traditional village communities.

Advanced vocabulary (초래하다 - to bring about).

정부는 지역 공동체 활성화를 위한 다양한 지원 정책을 마련하고 있습니다.

The government is preparing various support policies to revitalize local communities.

Noun + 활성화 (revitalization).

온라인 공동체 내에서의 익명성은 때로 심각한 사이버 폭력으로 이어질 수 있습니다.

Anonymity within online communities can sometimes lead to serious cyberbullying.

Noun + (으)로 이어지다 (to lead to).

인류는 기후 변화라는 전 지구적 위기에 맞서 운명 공동체로서 연대해야 합니다.

Humanity must stand in solidarity as a community of shared destiny against the global crisis of climate change.

Noun + (이)라는 (called/known as).

개인주의가 만연한 현대 사회에서 공동체의 가치를 재조명하는 움직임이 일고 있습니다.

In modern society where individualism is rampant, there is a movement to re-examine the value of community.

Verb + 는 움직임이 일다 (a movement is arising).

이 소설은 폐쇄적인 공동체 내부에서 발생하는 갈등과 인간의 이기심을 날카롭게 파헤칩니다.

This novel sharply uncovers the conflicts and human selfishness that occur within a closed community.

Adverb 날카롭게 (sharply) modifying verb 파헤치다.

지속 가능한 발전을 위해서는 경제 성장뿐만 아니라 공동체의 사회적 자본 확충이 필수적입니다.

For sustainable development, not only economic growth but also the expansion of the community's social capital is essential.

A 뿐만 아니라 B (not only A but also B).

그들은 단순히 이익을 공유하는 집단을 넘어, 서로의 삶을 돌보는 진정한 의미의 공동체로 거듭났습니다.

They have been reborn as a true community that cares for each other's lives, going beyond a group that simply shares profits.

Verb + (으)로 거듭나다 (to be reborn as).

포스트모더니즘 시대에 접어들면서 거대 서사에 기반한 전통적 공동체 개념은 해체되고, 다원화된 미시 공동체들이 부상하고 있습니다.

Entering the postmodern era, the traditional concept of community based on grand narratives is being deconstructed, and pluralized micro-communities are emerging.

Complex sentence structure with multiple advanced clauses.

해당 연구는 신자유주의적 경제 정책이 지역 공동체의 사회적 안전망을 어떻게 와해시켰는지에 대한 실증적 분석을 제공합니다.

The study provides an empirical analysis of how neoliberal economic policies have dismantled the social safety nets of local communities.

Indirect question clause (어떻게 와해시켰는지에 대한).

정치적 양극화가 극심해지는 현 상황에서, 상호 관용과 합리적 토론에 기반한 시민 공동체의 복원은 민주주의의 존립을 위한 핵심 과제입니다.

In the current situation of extreme political polarization, the restoration of a civic community based on mutual tolerance and rational debate is a core task for the survival of democracy.

Advanced vocabulary (양극화, 존립, 복원).

초연결 사회의 도래는 물리적 시공간의 제약을 뛰어넘는 초국적 가상 공동체의 형성을 가속화하며, 이는 기존의 국민 국가 기반의 정체성에 근본적인 질문을 던집니다.

The advent of a hyper-connected society accelerates the formation of transnational virtual communities that transcend physical time and space constraints, posing fundamental questions to existing nation-state-based identities.

Use of '이는' to refer back to the previous clause.

소수자 집단이 주류 사회의 억압에 대항하여 자신들만의 대안적 공동체를 구축하는 과정은, 권력의 미시물리학적 작동 방식을 보여주는 전형적인 사례입니다.

The process by which minority groups build their own alternative communities against the oppression of mainstream society is a typical example showing the micro-physical operation of power.

Complex subject clause (과정은).

이 철학자는 인간이 본질적으로 타자와의 관계망 속에서만 의미를 획득하는 관계적 존재임을 역설하며, 공동체주의적 윤리학의 이론적 토대를 마련했습니다.

This philosopher emphasized that humans are inherently relational beings who acquire meaning only within a network of relationships with others, thereby laying the theoretical foundation for communitarian ethics.

Verb + 며 (while doing/and).

재난 자본주의의 위협 속에서, 이윤 창출보다는 생명과 돌봄의 가치를 최우선으로 삼는 생태 공동체로의 전환은 인류 생존을 위한 불가피한 선택으로 여겨집니다.

Amid the threat of disaster capitalism, the transition to an ecological community that prioritizes the values of life and care over profit generation is considered an inevitable choice for human survival.

Passive voice (여겨집니다 - is considered).

디아스포라 문학은 고국을 떠난 이주민들이 이국 땅에서 겪는 정체성의 혼란과, 새로운 문화적 맥락 속에서 하이브리드 공동체를 형성해 나가는 궤적을 섬세하게 포착합니다.

Diaspora literature delicately captures the identity confusion experienced by migrants who have left their homeland in a foreign land, and the trajectory of forming a hybrid community within a new cultural context.

Advanced vocabulary (디아스포라, 하이브리드, 궤적).

그의 사상은 개인의 절대적 자율성을 맹신하는 근대적 계몽주의의 한계를 지적하고, 상호 의존성에 터 잡은 연대적 공동체의 당위성을 설파하는 데 그 요체가 있다.

The essence of his thought lies in pointing out the limitations of modern enlightenment, which blindly trusts the absolute autonomy of the individual, and preaching the necessity of a solidary community based on mutual dependence.

Highly literary structure (데 그 요체가 있다).

자본의 무한 증식 논리가 생활 세계의 구석구석을 식민화하는 작금의 현실에서, 호혜와 환대에 기초한 코뮌적 공동체의 상상력은 체제 전복적 잠재력을 잉태하고 있다.

In the current reality where the logic of infinite capital multiplication colonizes every corner of the lifeworld, the imagination of a communal community based on reciprocity and hospitality conceives a system-subversive potential.

Advanced sociological and philosophical terminology (식민화, 호혜, 체제 전복적).

언어는 단순한 의사소통의 도구를 넘어, 특정 언어 공동체의 역사적 경험과 세계관이 응축된 기호학적 우주이자 존재의 집이다.

Language is more than a simple tool for communication; it is a semiotic universe and the house of being where the historical experiences and worldview of a specific linguistic community are condensed.

Metaphorical and philosophical phrasing (존재의 집).

배제와 혐오의 정치가 횡행하는 시대에, 타자의 고통에 응답하는 윤리적 감수성을 회복하고 환대의 공간을 창출하는 것은 진정한 보편적 인류 공동체를 향한 지난한 도정의 출발점이다.

In an era where the politics of exclusion and hatred run rampant, recovering the ethical sensitivity to respond to the pain of others and creating spaces of hospitality is the starting point of the arduous journey toward a truly universal human community.

Complex noun phrases (지난한 도정의 출발점).

이 시편들은 파편화된 현대인의 소외를 날카롭게 응시하면서도, 기저에 흐르는 원초적 생명력의 연대를 통해 잃어버린 원형적 공동체에 대한 아스라한 향수를 환기한다.

These poems sharply gaze at the alienation of fragmented modern people, yet evoke a faint nostalgia for a lost archetypal community through the solidarity of the primal life force flowing underneath.

Literary and poetic vocabulary (파편화된, 원초적, 아스라한 향수).

기술 관료적 합리성이 지배하는 행정 시스템은 종종 지역 공동체의 자생적 규범과 충돌하며, 이는 생활 세계의 합리화 과정에서 발생하는 필연적인 병리 현상으로 독해될 수 있다.

An administrative system dominated by technocratic rationality often clashes with the spontaneous norms of local communities, which can be read as an inevitable pathological phenomenon occurring in the process of rationalization of the lifeworld.

Academic phrasing (독해될 수 있다 - can be read/interpreted as).

기억의 정치는 과거의 상흔을 둘러싼 경합의 장이자, 서사의 재구성을 통해 상처 입은 공동체의 균열을 봉합하고 새로운 집단 정체성을 주조해 내는 역동적인 실천이다.

The politics of memory is an arena of contestation over the scars of the past, and a dynamic practice of sealing the cracks of a wounded community and forging a new collective identity through the reconstruction of narratives.

Advanced metaphors (균열을 봉합하고, 주조해 내는).

전 지구적 자본주의의 모순이 임계점에 달한 현 국면에서, 탈성장과 생태 민주주의를 기치로 내건 전환 마을 운동은 대안적 문명 공동체를 향한 급진적 실험이라 평가할 만하다.

In the current phase where the contradictions of global capitalism have reached a critical point, the transition town movement, under the banner of degrowth and ecological democracy, can be evaluated as a radical experiment toward an alternative civilizational community.

Highly formal and analytical structure (평가할 만하다).

مترادف‌ها

사회 단체 집단

متضادها

개인

ترکیب‌های رایج

지역 공동체 (local community)

국제 공동체 (international community)

공동체 의식 (sense of community)

공동체 생활 (communal living)

마을 공동체 (village community)

온라인 공동체 (online community)

신앙 공동체 (faith community)

운명 공동체 (community of shared destiny)

공동체를 형성하다 (to form a community)

공동체를 파괴하다 (to destroy a community)

عبارات رایج

공동체 의식을 함양하다 (to foster a sense of community)

공동체의 일원으로서 (as a member of the community)

건강한 공동체를 만들다 (to build a healthy community)

공동체적 가치 (communitarian values)

공동체 규범을 따르다 (to follow community norms)

지구촌 공동체 (global village community)

학습 공동체 (learning community)

가상 공동체 (virtual community)

공동체에 기여하다 (to contribute to the community)

공동체 정신 (community spirit)

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

공동체 vs 사회 (society - broader, more objective)

공동체 vs 단체 (organization - more formal, rule-based)

공동체 vs 모임 (gathering - more casual, social)

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"운명 공동체 (a community bound by a common destiny)"

"한 배를 타다 (to be in the same boat - conceptually related)"

"십시일반 (making a united effort to help one person - related to community action)"

"상부상조 (mutual help - core community value)"

"동고동락 (sharing joys and sorrows - community experience)"

"환난상휼 (helping each other in times of trouble)"

"이웃 사촌 (a neighbor is better than a distant cousin)"

"백지장도 맞들면 낫다 (many hands make light work)"

"품앗이 (traditional communal labor exchange)"

"두레 (traditional farmers' cooperative group)"

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

공동체 vs

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

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نحوه استفاده

nuance

Carries a positive, warm connotation of unity and mutual support, unlike the neutral word '사회' (society).

formality

Formal/Academic

common error

Using it to refer to a physical building (like a community center) instead of the group of people.

اشتباهات رایج

Using 공동체 for a small, casual group of friends.
Using 공동체을 instead of 공동체를.
Using 공동체 to refer to a community center building.
Saying 공동체의 마음 to mean 'sense of community'.
Confusing 공동체 with 사회 in objective contexts.

نکات

Memorize as a Chunk

Don't just memorize '공동체'. Memorize '공동체 의식' (sense of community) as a single unit, as it is incredibly common.

Watch the Particles

Remember that '체' ends in a vowel. Always use '를', '가', and '는'. Never use '을' or '이'.

TOPIK II Secret Weapon

Using '공동체' instead of simpler words in your TOPIK II essay (Question 54) will instantly boost your vocabulary score.

Understand 'Jeong'

To truly grasp this word, read about the Korean concept of 'Jeong' (정). It is the emotional glue of a Korean 공동체.

Pronunciation Practice

Practice the 'ㅊ' sound in '체'. It should be aspirated. Say 'gong-dong-che', making sure a puff of air comes out on the last syllable.

Not for Buildings

Never use '공동체' to ask for directions to a community center. Use '주민센터' instead.

Pair with '지역'

'지역 공동체' (local community) is one of the most frequent collocations in news. Learn to recognize it instantly.

Warm vs. Cold

Remember that '사회' (society) is cold and objective, while '공동체' (community) is warm and implies a bond.

Look for Contrasts

In reading passages, '공동체' is often contrasted with '개인주의' (individualism). Spotting this contrast helps you understand the main idea.

News Context

When you hear '공동체' on the news, the topic is likely about social welfare, local politics, or national solidarity.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Imagine a GONG (공) ringing, calling everyone DONG (동) the street to sit in a CHAIR (체) together as one community.

تداعی تصویری

A large group of people holding hands, forming the shape of a single giant body (체).

ریشه کلمه

Sino-Korean

بافت فرهنگی

The linguistic reflection of the community mindset (using 'our' instead of 'my').

Traditional farming cooperatives that are the historical basis for modern Korean community spirit.

The emotional bond that holds a Korean 공동체 together.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"당신이 생각하는 이상적인 공동체는 어떤 모습인가요?"

"현대 사회에서 공동체 의식이 사라지고 있다고 생각하나요?"

"온라인 공동체와 오프라인 공동체의 가장 큰 차이점은 무엇일까요?"

"지역 공동체를 발전시키기 위해 우리가 할 수 있는 일은 무엇일까요?"

"학교나 직장도 하나의 공동체라고 볼 수 있을까요?"

موضوعات نگارش

내가 속해 있는 가장 소중한 공동체에 대해 묘사해 보세요.

공동체의 이익과 개인의 자유가 충돌할 때, 어느 쪽이 더 중요하다고 생각하나요?

미래의 공동체는 기술의 발달로 인해 어떻게 변할 것이라고 예상하나요?

한국의 '우리' 문화와 공동체 의식의 관계에 대한 나의 생각을 적어보세요.

최근 뉴스에서 본 공동체 관련 문제(예: 층간소음, 이웃 갈등)와 해결책을 써보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, that sounds very unnatural. '공동체' implies a larger, more structured, or deeply bonded societal group. For a small group of friends, use '모임' (gathering) or simply '친구들' (friends).

'사회' (society) is an objective term for people living together in an ordered way. '공동체' (community) emphasizes the emotional bond, shared identity, and mutual support among those people.

Do not use '공동체' for the building. A community center is usually called '주민센터' (ju-min-sen-teo) or '마을회관' (ma-eul-hoe-gwan).

Yes, it is generally considered a formal or academic word. You will hear it often in news, politics, and sociology lectures, though it is also used in everyday life when discussing serious neighborhood issues.

It translates to 'sense of community' or 'community spirit'. It refers to the psychological feeling of belonging to a group and feeling responsible for its members.

Yes, absolutely. '온라인 공동체' (online community) or '가상 공동체' (virtual community) are very common terms used to describe internet forums, social media groups, and gaming guilds.

Because it ends in a vowel, it takes '가' for the subject (공동체가), '를' for the object (공동체를), and '는' for the topic (공동체는).

The Hanja is 共同體. 共 means 'together', 同 means 'same', and 體 means 'body'. Literally, it means a group acting as one body.

The concept of '공동체' is the cultural foundation for why Koreans use '우리' (our/we) instead of 'my'. It reflects a mindset where the group's identity is prioritized over the individual's.

Yes, it is a highly frequent word on the TOPIK II exam, especially in the reading and writing sections that deal with social issues, culture, and modern societal changes.

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