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A1 conjunction #700 پرکاربردترین 9 دقیقه مطالعه

비록

birok رتبه 700

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 비록 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 비록 in your Level:

At the A1 level, '비록' is introduced as a way to connect two simple ideas that contrast with each other. Think of it as a stronger version of 'but'. At this stage, you should focus on the most basic pattern: '비록 [Adjective/Verb]-지만'. For example, '비록 비싸지만 좋아요' (Although it is expensive, it is good). You don't need to worry about complex grammar yet. Just remember that '비록' usually comes at the start of the sentence to tell the listener, 'Hey, I'm about to say something that might seem surprising given the first part of my sentence.' It helps you make your sentences longer and more interesting than just 'It is expensive. It is good.' By using '비록', you show that you understand how to link ideas logically. Practice using it with simple adjectives like 'big', 'small', 'hard', and 'easy'.

As an A2 learner, you can start using '비록' with a wider variety of verb endings and in more diverse contexts. You should be comfortable pairing '비록' with '-지만' for past, present, and future facts. For example, '비록 어제는 아팠지만 오늘은 괜찮아요' (Although I was sick yesterday, I am okay today). You can also start experimenting with '-더라도' for hypothetical situations, like '비록 비가 오더라도 갈 거예요' (Even if it rains, I will go). At this level, '비록' helps you express your intentions and feelings more clearly. It is also very useful for polite self-introductions or when giving small gifts, where you might say '비록 작지만...' (Although it is small...). This shows you are learning the cultural nuance of humility in Korean communication.

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At the B1 level, you should use '비록' to create more nuanced and emotionally resonant sentences. You will encounter '비록' frequently in news reports, short stories, and more formal social settings. You should understand the difference between '비록' and '아무리' (no matter how). While '비록' acknowledges a fact, '아무리' emphasizes the intensity. You can also start using '비록' with more complex endings like '-으나' in written Korean. For example, '비록 환경은 열악하나 의지는 확고하다' (Although the environment is poor, the will is firm). This level requires you to pay attention to the 'register'—using '비록' in a formal essay or a speech makes your Korean sound much more professional and academic. You should also be able to recognize '비록' in song lyrics and understand the poetic contrast it creates.

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At the B2 level, '비록' becomes a tool for sophisticated rhetoric and argumentation. You should be able to use it to acknowledge counter-arguments before presenting your own point, a common technique in persuasive writing and debates. For example, '비록 초기 비용은 많이 들지만, 장기적으로는 경제적입니다' (Although the initial cost is high, it is economical in the long run). You should also be familiar with pairing '비록' with more advanced endings like '-을지언정' or '-을망정', which add a sense of 'even if it means X, I would still Y.' Your mastery of '비록' should allow you to navigate formal discussions with ease, using it to balance different perspectives. You should also be able to identify the subtle differences in tone when '비록' is placed at the very beginning of a sentence versus after the subject.

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For C1 learners, '비록' is used in highly literary, philosophical, or legal contexts. You will see it in classical literature or high-level editorials where the contrast being made is abstract or deeply conceptual. You should be able to use '비록' to structure complex, multi-clause sentences where multiple concessions are made. For example, '비록 그의 주장이 논리적으로는 완벽할지라도, 현실적인 적용 가능성 측면에서는 의구심이 든다' (Although his argument may be logically perfect, doubts arise regarding its practical applicability). At this level, you should also understand the historical evolution of the word and how it functions in different dialects or archaic styles found in historical dramas (Sa-geuk). Your usage should be flawless, reflecting a deep understanding of Korean sentence prosody and logical flow.

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At the C2 level, you have a native-like grasp of '비록' and can use it with total flexibility. You can use it to create specific stylistic effects, such as irony or extreme emphasis, by pairing it with rare or archaic grammatical structures. You understand the deepest nuances of how '비록' interacts with the overall mood (Gibeun) of a conversation. You can analyze how '비록' is used in political rhetoric to sway public opinion or in classical poetry to evoke specific 'Han' (deep sorrow or resentment). Your ability to use '비록' extends to professional translation and interpretation, where you can accurately capture the weight of the Korean concession in English and vice-versa. You are not just using a word; you are utilizing a fundamental building block of Korean logic to express the most complex human experiences.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

비록 در ۳۰ ثانیه

비록 is a Korean adverb meaning 'although' or 'even though,' used to introduce a contrast or concession between two parts of a sentence.
It acts as a grammatical signpost, usually appearing at the start of a sentence and requiring a matching contrastive verb ending like -지만.
While it is a basic vocabulary word (A1), it carries a formal and emphatic tone, making it common in literature, news, and speeches.
It is essential for expressing perseverance, humility, and complex logical relationships, helping learners move beyond simple, disconnected sentences in Korean.

The Korean word 비록 (bi-rok) is a powerful concessive adverb that translates most closely to 'although,' 'even though,' or 'even if' in English. While it is categorized at the A1 level because of its fundamental importance in logical connection, its usage often carries a slightly formal or literary weight that elevates the tone of a sentence. In the landscape of Korean grammar, 비록 acts as a 'signpost' word. It prepares the listener or reader for a contrast that is about to follow. It is almost never used in isolation; instead, it works in tandem with specific verb endings like -지만, -더라도, or -ㄹ지라도 to complete the concessive meaning.

Grammatical Function: It functions as an adverbial conjunction that emphasizes the contrast between two clauses, acknowledging a condition in the first clause that would normally prevent the action in the second clause.
Emotional Nuance: Using 비록 often adds a sense of determination, humility, or poetic reflection. It is frequently found in speeches, literature, and heartfelt letters where the speaker wants to emphasize their resolve despite obstacles.

비록 힘들지만 끝까지 포기하지 않겠습니다.

Translation: Although it is difficult, I will not give up until the end.

In daily conversation, Koreans might omit 비록 and simply use the suffix -지만, but including 비록 makes the contrast much more explicit and emphatic. It is the difference between saying 'It's raining, but I'm going' and 'Even though it is raining, I am definitely going.' This word is essential for learners who want to move beyond simple sentences and start expressing complex thoughts regarding perseverance, unexpected outcomes, and conditional reality. It is particularly common in the context of self-introduction where one might say, '비록 한국어 실력이 부족하지만...' (Although my Korean skills are lacking...), which demonstrates a culturally valued sense of modesty while showing off a sophisticated grasp of connective logic.

비록 몸은 멀리 있어도 마음은 항상 곁에 있어요.

Translation: Although our bodies are far apart, our hearts are always together.

Historically, the word has roots in Middle Korean and has maintained its core meaning for centuries. It is a stable part of the lexicon that doesn't change based on the speaker's age, though the level of formality in the ending of the sentence will change. For example, in a formal presentation, you would pair it with -지만 or -으나, whereas in a poem or song, you might see it paired with the more dramatic -ㄹ지라도. Understanding 비록 is a gateway to understanding how Korean speakers prioritize context and contrast in their communication style.

Using 비록 correctly requires understanding its relationship with the rest of the sentence. It is an 'anticipatory' adverb, meaning it sets the stage for a grammatical structure that must follow. Think of it like the English word 'either' which expects an 'or' later on. In Korean, 비록 expects a concessive ending on the verb of the first clause. The most common patterns are 비록 ... -지만, 비록 ... -더라도, and 비록 ... -ㄹ지라도.

The '비록 ... -지만' Pattern: This is the most common and versatile form. It is used to acknowledge a factual situation. '비록 날씨가 춥지만 산책을 갔어요' (Although the weather was cold [fact], I went for a walk).
The '비록 ... -더라도' Pattern: This pattern is used for hypothetical or future situations. '비록 실패하더라도 다시 도전할 거예요' (Even if I fail [hypothetical], I will try again).

비록 돈은 없지만 행복합니다.

Translation: Although I have no money, I am happy.

One key aspect of using 비록 is its placement. It almost always appears at the very beginning of the sentence or immediately after the subject of the first clause. For example, you can say '비록 나는 가난하지만...' or '나는 비록 가난하지만...'. Both are correct, but placing it at the very start provides a stronger rhetorical signal to the listener. It is also important to note that 비록 is rarely used in very short, casual 'Banmal' (informal) speech unless the speaker is trying to be intentionally dramatic or serious. In casual settings, people usually just use the -지만 ending without the 비록 adverb.

비록 작은 선물이지만 제 진심을 담았습니다.

Translation: Although it is a small gift, I put my heart into it.

In more advanced writing, 비록 can be paired with -으나 or -을망정. These are higher-level literary endings that provide specific shades of meaning, such as 'even if it means X' or 'rather than Y.' For an A1-A2 learner, focusing on the 비록 ... -지만 construction is the most effective way to start using this word naturally. It allows you to build complex sentences that describe your life, your challenges, and your goals with a level of sophistication that simple sentences cannot achieve. Remember: 비록 is the 'anchor' that holds the weight of the upcoming contrast.

While 비록 might seem like a word found only in textbooks, it is actually quite prevalent in specific real-world contexts. You will hear it most often in formal situations, media, and artistic expressions. In the world of K-Dramas, characters often use 비록 during climactic moments—perhaps a confession of love despite social differences, or a vow of revenge despite the odds. It adds a layer of gravity to their dialogue that everyday slang lacks.

News and Documentaries: News anchors use 비록 to contrast economic data or political situations. '비록 수출은 줄었지만 내수는 회복세입니다' (Although exports have decreased, domestic demand is recovering).
K-Pop Lyrics: Songwriters love 비록 for its poetic rhythm. It often appears in ballads about longing or overcoming hardship. '비록 우리 헤어졌지만...' (Even though we have broken up...).

비록 지금은 힘들어도 미래는 밝을 거예요.

Translation: Although it's hard right now, the future will be bright.

Another common place to encounter 비록 is in public speeches, graduation ceremonies, or corporate meetings. It is a staple of 'motivational' Korean. When a CEO addresses employees, they might say, '비록 우리가 작은 회사로 시작했지만...' (Although we started as a small company...). This use of 비록 serves to highlight the magnitude of their current success by contrasting it with their humble beginnings. It is a rhetorical tool used to build narrative tension and emotional resonance.

비록 실패의 쓴맛을 보았지만 그는 다시 일어섰다.

Translation: Although he tasted the bitterness of failure, he stood up again.

Finally, you will see 비록 in written advertisements and slogans. Brands use it to acknowledge a potential downside while emphasizing a much greater upside. For example, a budget airline might say, '비록 가격은 저렴하지만 서비스는 최고입니다' (Although the price is low, the service is the best). By using 비록, they acknowledge the 'cheap' aspect (which might imply low quality) and immediately counter it with a positive claim. Understanding this word allows you to see through the persuasive structures of Korean marketing and media.

The most frequent mistake English speakers make when using 비록 is forgetting the necessary verb ending. In English, 'although' is a conjunction that stands on its own. You say 'Although it is raining, I am going.' However, in Korean, 비록 is an adverb that must be supported by a contrastive suffix. If you say '비록 비가 와요, 가요,' it sounds incomplete and grammatically broken to a native ear. It must be '비록 비가 오지만 가요.'

Mistake 1: Missing the Suffix: Incorrect: 비록 배가 고파요, 공부해요. (Wrong) Correct: 비록 배가 고프지만 공부해요. (Right)
Mistake 2: Using it in Casual Banmal: Using 비록 while talking to close friends about trivial things can sound overly dramatic or 'bookish.' If you say '비록 떡볶이가 맵지만 먹을래' to a friend, it sounds like you're reciting a poem about spicy rice cakes.

비록 ~~비싸요~~ → 비싸지만 샀어요.

Correction: Although it was expensive, I bought it.

Another common error is confusing 비록 with 비단. While they sound similar, 비단 means 'only' or 'simply' (usually used in the negative 'not only'). For example, '비단 그뿐만이 아니다' (It is not only that). Using 비단 when you mean 비록 will completely change the logic of your sentence. Additionally, learners sometimes try to use 비록 with 'anyway' (그래도) in the same clause, which is redundant. You don't need 'Although... but... anyway.' Just '비록... -지만' is enough.

비록 ~~어려워서~~ → 어려울지라도 해보세요.

Correction: Even if it's difficult, please try.

Lastly, pay attention to the tense. Learners often put the past tense on the verb before the -지만 ending when using 비록, even when it's not necessary. While '비록 어제는 추웠지만' (Although it was cold yesterday) is correct, for general truths or current states, keep the first verb in the present tense: '비록 키가 작지만' (Although I am short). Mastering these subtle points will make your Korean sound much more natural and precise.

Korean has several ways to express 'although' or 'even if,' and choosing the right one depends on the level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. 비록 is the most standard and versatile, but it's helpful to know its 'cousins' in the world of concessive adverbs.

아무리 (A-mu-ri): Meaning 'no matter how much.' It emphasizes the degree of the condition. '아무리 힘들어도' (No matter how hard it is). Use this when you want to say that the amount of effort or the intensity of the situation doesn't change the outcome.
설령 (Seol-ryeong): Meaning 'even if' or 'supposing that.' This is more hypothetical than 비록. It's often used for unlikely or extreme scenarios. '설령 지구가 멸망하더라도' (Even if the earth were to perish).
설사 (Seol-sa): Very similar to 설령, but often carries a slightly more negative or 'worst-case scenario' nuance. It is quite formal and literary.

아무리 바빠도 밥은 먹어야지.

Comparison: No matter how busy you are, you should eat. (Focus on degree)

When comparing 비록 and 아무리, think of 비록 as acknowledging a fact ('Although I am small...') and 아무리 as emphasizing an extreme ('No matter how small I am...'). If you want to sound more natural in daily life, you might just use the suffix -아/어도 without any adverb at all. For example, '바빠도 갈게요' (I'll go even if I'm busy) is much more common in spoken Korean than '비록 바쁘지만 갈게요.'

비록 결과는 안 좋았지만 과정은 훌륭했습니다.

Comparison: Although the result was not good, the process was excellent. (Focus on fact)

In summary, while 비록 is your 'go-to' word for 'although,' being aware of 아무리, 설령, and 설사 will help you understand the specific logical flavor of a Korean sentence. Each of these words sets a different expectation for the listener, allowing for a rich and nuanced expression of contrast and concession. As you progress, try substituting 비록 with these alternatives to see how the 'feeling' of your sentence changes.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

Despite being a 'Pure Korean' word, it sounds very similar to some Hanja-based words like '기록' (record), but they are completely unrelated in meaning and origin.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /bi.ɾok/

US /bi.ɾok/

In Korean, stress is generally even across syllables, but a slight emphasis can be placed on the first syllable '비' to signal the start of the concessive clause.

هم‌قافیه با

기록 (gi-rok - record) 초록 (cho-rok - green) 부록 (bu-rok - appendix) 수록 (su-rok - inclusion) 목록 (mok-rok - list) 지록 (ji-rok - finger record/rare) 도록 (do-rok - so that/suffix) 어록 (eo-rok - analects/sayings)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'r' as an English 'r' (keep it as a light tap).
Releasing the final 'k' with a puff of air (it should be a silent stop).
Pronouncing 'bi' as 'bye' (it must be 'bee').
Making the 'o' sound like 'ah' (keep it rounded).
Over-stressing the final syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize at the start of a sentence, but requires understanding the following grammar.

نوشتن 3/5

Requires correct pairing with contrastive suffixes, which can be tricky for beginners.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Natural usage requires knowing when to be formal vs. informal.

گوش دادن 2/5

Usually clear, but can be missed in fast, casual speech.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

하지만 (but) 그런데 (but/by the way) 작다 (small) 크다 (big) 힘들다 (to be hard)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

아무리 (no matter how) 설령 (even if) 그래도 (nonetheless) 불구하고 (despite) 반면에 (on the other hand)

پیشرفته

양보 (concession) 역접 (adversative) 접속부사 (conjunctive adverb) 문어체 (written style) 수사학 (rhetoric)

گرامر لازم

-지만 (But/Although)

비가 오지만 가요.

-더라도 (Even if)

힘들더라도 참으세요.

-아/어도 (Even if/Although)

바빠도 꼭 오세요.

-는데 (Background/But)

공부하는데 시끄러워요.

-으나 (Formal Although)

산은 높으나 길은 있다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

비록 작지만 제 선물이에요.

Although it's small, it's my gift.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 비싸지만 사고 싶어요.

Although it's expensive, I want to buy it.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 맵지만 맛있어요.

Although it's spicy, it's delicious.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 멀지만 갈게요.

Although it's far, I will go.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 힘들지만 행복해요.

Although it's hard, I am happy.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 늦었지만 미안해요.

Although I'm late, I'm sorry.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 어렵지만 재미있어요.

Although it's difficult, it's fun.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 좁지만 우리 집이에요.

Although it's narrow/small, it's our home.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 비가 오지만 축구를 해요.

Although it is raining, we are playing soccer.

비록 + Verb + -지만

비록 돈은 없지만 꿈은 커요.

Although I have no money, my dreams are big.

비록 + Noun + -은 없지만

비록 실패하더라도 다시 할 거예요.

Even if I fail, I will do it again.

비록 + Verb + -더라도

비록 몸은 아프지만 마음은 기뻐요.

Although my body is in pain, my heart is joyful.

비록 + Noun + -은/는 + Adjective + -지만

비록 한국어는 서툴지만 열심히 배워요.

Although my Korean is clumsy, I am learning hard.

비록 + Noun + -은/는 + Adjective + -지만

비록 날씨는 춥지만 산책을 나갔어요.

Although the weather was cold, I went out for a walk.

비록 + Noun + -은/는 + Adjective + -지만

비록 혼자지만 외롭지 않아요.

Although I am alone, I am not lonely.

비록 + Adjective + -지만

비록 짧은 시간이었지만 즐거웠어요.

Although it was a short time, it was enjoyable.

비록 + Adjective + -은 시간이었지만

비록 환경은 어렵지만 그는 성공했다.

Although the environment was difficult, he succeeded.

비록 + Noun + -은/는 + Adjective + -지만

비록 우리가 헤어졌지만 친구로 남아요.

Although we broke up, let's remain friends.

비록 + Clause + -었지만

비록 사실이 아닐지라도 믿고 싶어요.

Even if it might not be true, I want to believe it.

비록 + Clause + -ㄹ지라도

비록 나이는 어리지만 생각이 깊어요.

Although he is young, his thoughts are deep.

비록 + Noun + -은/는 + Adjective + -지만

비록 결과가 나쁘더라도 실망하지 마세요.

Even if the result is bad, don't be disappointed.

비록 + Clause + -더라도

비록 얼굴은 모르지만 이름은 들어봤어요.

Although I don't know the face, I've heard the name.

비록 + Clause + -지만

비록 시작은 미약했으나 끝은 창대하리라.

Although the beginning was weak, the end shall be great.

비록 + Clause + -으나 (Literary)

비록 부모님은 반대하시지만 저는 유학을 갈 거예요.

Although my parents oppose it, I will go study abroad.

비록 + Clause + -시지만 (Honorific)

비록 기술은 발전했지만 인간성은 소외되고 있다.

Although technology has advanced, humanity is being alienated.

Formal contrast in social commentary.

비록 예산이 부족할망정 품질은 포기할 수 없다.

Even if the budget is lacking, we cannot give up on quality.

비록 + Clause + -을망정

비록 적은 액수일지언정 정성을 다해 기부했다.

Even if it was a small amount, they donated with all their heart.

비록 + Clause + -일지언정

비록 대중의 비난을 받을지라도 진실을 밝히겠다.

Even if I receive public criticism, I will reveal the truth.

비록 + Clause + -ㄹ지라도

비록 외형은 변했을지 모르나 본질은 그대로다.

Although the appearance may have changed, the essence remains the same.

비록 + Clause + -었을지 모르나

비록 실패의 위험이 따르지만 도전할 가치가 있다.

Although the risk of failure follows, it is worth the challenge.

비록 + Clause + -지만

비록 국적은 다르지만 우리는 한 가족입니다.

Although our nationalities are different, we are one family.

Formal inclusive statement.

비록 이론적으로는 가능하나 실제로는 어렵다.

Although it is theoretically possible, it is difficult in reality.

비록 + Clause + -으나

비록 육신은 쇠락하였으나 정신만은 또렷했다.

Although the body had withered, the spirit alone was clear.

Literary/Archaic style.

비록 시대가 변천할지라도 변하지 않는 가치가 있다.

Even if the times change, there are values that do not change.

Philosophical statement.

비록 한낱 미물일지라도 생명의 무게는 가볍지 않다.

Even if it is but a mere creature, the weight of life is not light.

비록 + Noun + -일지라도

비록 법적인 책임은 면했을지언정 도의적 책임은 남는다.

Even if they escaped legal responsibility, moral responsibility remains.

Legal/Ethical context.

비록 고난의 연속이었을망정 그의 삶은 숭고했다.

Even if it was a series of hardships, his life was sublime.

Retrospective eulogy style.

비록 표현 방식은 상이하나 근본적인 주제는 일맥상통한다.

Although the modes of expression are different, the fundamental themes are consistent.

Academic art criticism.

비록 찰나의 순간이었지만 영원처럼 느껴졌다.

Although it was a fleeting moment, it felt like eternity.

Poetic/Abstract.

비록 만인의 환영을 받지는 못할지라도 소신을 굽히지 않겠다.

Even if I do not receive the welcome of everyone, I will not bend my convictions.

Political/Personal resolve.

비록 만경창파에 일엽편주일지라도 정처 없이 떠돌지는 않으리.

Even if I am a single leaf on the vast ocean, I shall not wander aimlessly.

High literary/Metaphorical.

비록 천지가 개벽할지언정 이 맹세만은 변치 않으리라.

Even if heaven and earth were to be upended, this oath alone shall not change.

Archaic/Epic vow.

비록 그 형적은 인멸되었으나 그 정신은 면면히 이어져 내려온다.

Although its traces have been obliterated, its spirit has been handed down continuously.

Historical/Cultural analysis.

비록 세속의 영달은 누리지 못했을지언정 청렴한 삶을 견지했다.

Even if he did not enjoy worldly success, he maintained a life of integrity.

Classical biography style.

비록 일시적인 방편일 뿐일지라도 지금으로서는 최선이다.

Even if it is merely a temporary expedient, it is the best for now.

Pragmatic/Political discourse.

비록 학문적 성취는 미미할지 모르나 인격적 도야는 극에 달했다.

Although his academic achievements may be meager, his personal cultivation reached the pinnacle.

Confucian philosophical nuance.

비록 가시밭길일지라도 그 길 끝에 광명이 있다면 주저하지 않겠다.

Even if it is a path of thorns, if there is light at the end, I will not hesitate.

Rhetorical/Dramatic.

비록 언어의 장벽은 높을지언정 음악은 만국 공통어이다.

Even if the language barrier is high, music is a universal language.

Formal cultural statement.

ترکیب‌های رایج

비록 힘들지만

비록 작지만

비록 부족하지만

비록 늦었지만

비록 가난하지만

비록 사실일지라도

비록 멀리 있어도

비록 짧은 시간이지만

비록 실패하더라도

비록 몸은 힘들어도

عبارات رایج

비록 ~지만

— The most standard way to say 'although'. Used for facts.

비록 비가 오지만 나갈 거예요.

비록 ~더라도

— Used for hypothetical or future 'even if' situations.

비록 돈을 못 벌더라도 이 일을 하고 싶어요.

비록 ~ㄹ지라도

— A more formal and dramatic version of 'even if'.

비록 죽을지라도 비밀을 지키겠다.

비록 ~으나

— A formal, written way to say 'although'.

비록 날씨는 흐리나 기온은 높다.

비록 ~을망정

— Used when the speaker would rather choose the first option than something worse.

비록 굶을망정 구걸은 안 한다.

비록 ~을지언정

— Similar to -을망정, very formal and emphatic.

비록 패배할지언정 비겁하게 살지는 않겠다.

비록 ~기는 하지만

— Used to acknowledge a point while adding a 'but'.

비록 좋기는 하지만 너무 비싸요.

비록 ~었을지라도

— Used for past hypothetical concessions.

비록 그가 잘못했을지라도 용서해 주세요.

비록 ~다 하더라도

— Even if we say that [Clause] is true.

비록 그가 천재라 하더라도 노력 없이는 안 된다.

비록 ~일망정

— Used with nouns to say 'even if it is [Noun]'.

비록 어린아이일망정 배울 점이 있다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

비록 vs 비단

Sounds similar but means 'only' or 'simply' (usually in the negative).

비록 vs 기록

Sounds similar but means 'record' or 'document'.

비록 vs 비록

Sometimes confused with '비로소' which means 'at last' or 'finally'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"비록 시작은 미약하였으나 그 끝은 창대하리라"

— A biblical quote (Job 8:7) very common in Korea, meaning small beginnings can lead to great success.

우리 사업이 비록 시작은 미약하였으나 끝은 창대할 것입니다.

Formal/Inspirational

"비록 몸은 떨어져 있어도 마음은 하나"

— Even if we are physically apart, our hearts are united.

비록 몸은 떨어져 있어도 우리는 항상 하나입니다.

Emotional

"비록 가난해도 기개는 있다"

— Even if one is poor, they have spirit/integrity.

그는 비록 가난해도 기개는 있는 사람이다.

Literary

"비록 늦바람이 무섭다"

— Although it's late, a new passion (often a late-life hobby or romance) can be very strong.

비록 늦바람이 무섭다더니 할아버지가 춤에 빠지셨다.

Colloquial

"비록 한낱 꿈일지라도"

— Even if it is merely a dream (expressing a deep wish).

비록 한낱 꿈일지라도 그를 다시 보고 싶다.

Poetic

"비록 산천은 변해도"

— Even if the mountains and rivers change (meaning even if a long time passes).

비록 산천은 변해도 우리의 우정은 변치 말자.

Literary/Traditional

"비록 작은 힘이나마"

— Even if it is just a small amount of strength/help.

비록 작은 힘이나마 보태고 싶습니다.

Humble/Formal

"비록 내일 지구가 멸망하더라도"

— Even if the world ends tomorrow (Spinoza's quote).

비록 내일 지구가 멸망하더라도 나는 한 그루의 사과나무를 심겠다.

Philosophical

"비록 옥에도 티가 있다"

— Even jade has a flaw (nothing is perfect).

비록 옥에도 티가 있다더니 그 계획도 완벽하지는 않네.

Proverbial

"비록 소 잃고 외양간 고치기지만"

— Even though it's like fixing the stable after losing the cow (better late than never, but regretful).

비록 소 잃고 외양간 고치기지만 지금이라도 조심해야 해.

Proverbial

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

비록 vs 비단

Phonetic similarity.

비록 is 'although', 비단 is 'only'.

비단 그뿐만이 아니다 (It's not only that).

비록 vs 비로소

Starts with the same syllable.

비록 is 'although', 비로소 is 'at last'.

이제야 비로소 알게 되었다 (I finally came to know now).

비록 vs 아무리

Similar logical function (concession).

비록 acknowledges a fact; 아무리 emphasizes degree.

아무리 바빠도... (No matter how busy...)

비록 vs 그래도

Both involve contrast.

비록 starts the sentence; 그래도 connects to the previous sentence.

비가 와요. 그래도 가요 (It's raining. Even so, I'm going).

비록 vs 하지만

Both mean 'but'.

비록 is an adverb within a clause; 하지만 is a conjunction between sentences.

하지만 저는 가고 싶어요 (But I want to go).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

비록 [Adj]지만 [Result]

비록 작지만 좋아요.

비록 [Verb]지만 [Result]

비록 비가 오지만 가요.

비록 [Verb]더라도 [Result]

비록 실패하더라도 괜찮아요.

비록 [Noun]일지라도 [Result]

비록 아이일지라도 똑똑해요.

비록 [Verb]으나 [Result]

비록 가난하나 정직하다.

비록 [Verb]을지언정 [Result]

비록 죽을지언정 항복 안 한다.

비록 [Past Verb]지만 [Result]

비록 졌지만 잘 싸웠다.

비록 [Noun]은 없지만 [Result]

비록 돈은 없지만 행복하다.

خانواده کلمه

مرتبط

비단 (not only)

비록~지만 (conjunction pair)

비록~더라도 (conjunction pair)

비록~으나 (conjunction pair)

비록~을지라도 (conjunction pair)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in written and formal spoken Korean; Moderate in daily casual speech.

اشتباهات رایج

비록 비가 와요, 하지만 가요. → 비록 비가 오지만 가요.
You cannot use a full sentence ending (아요/어요) in the middle of a 비록 construction. You must use the connective suffix -지만.
비록 공부해요. → 비록 공부하지만 힘들어요.
비록 cannot be used in a single-clause sentence. It must connect two contrasting ideas.
비록 바빠서 못 가요. → 바빠서 못 가요. (Remove 비록)
비록 is for contrast (although), but -아서/어서 is for reason (because). They don't mix.
비단 힘들지만... → 비록 힘들지만...
Confusing 비단 (only) with 비록 (although).
비록 날씨가 좋지만 가요. → 날씨가 좋아서 가요. (Remove 비록)
Don't use 비록 if there is no contrast. If the weather is good and you are going, that's a logical result, not a concession.

نکات

The Matching Pair Rule

Always remember that 비록 is the 'start' and -지만 is the 'middle'. They work together like 'If... then...' in English. Without the ending, the 'although' meaning is lost.

Adding Emphasis

Use 비록 when you want to make your contrast stand out. It signals to the listener that the next part of the sentence is the most important part.

Don't confuse with 비단

Remember: 비록 (Although) vs. 비단 (Only). They sound similar but have completely different roles in a sentence.

Humility in Introductions

When introducing yourself or your work, use '비록 부족하지만...' (Although I am lacking...). It's a very natural and polite way to show modesty in Korean culture.

Listen for the 'Bi'

In fast speech, the 'rok' might be short, but that initial 'Bi' at the start of a sentence is a strong hint that a contrast is coming.

Formal Essays

In formal writing, try pairing 비록 with -으나. It sounds much more professional than the standard -지만.

The Spirit of Perseverance

Many famous Korean quotes about overcoming hardship start with 비록. It's a word deeply tied to the Korean value of 'In-nae' (patience/endurance).

B-Rock Mnemonic

Think: 'B-Rock' (Big Rock). Even if a Big Rock is in the way, I will keep going. 비록 = Although.

Signpost Word

Treat 비록 as a signpost. When you see it, you already know the logical structure of the sentence before you even finish reading it.

Polite Gifts

When giving a gift, say '비록 작지만...'. Even if the gift is big, this expression shows your good manners and humility.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'B-Rock'. Even if you are hit by a 'B-Rock' (Big Rock), you keep going. '비록' (B-Rock) = Although/Even if.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a person walking uphill against a strong wind. The wind is the '비록' clause (the obstacle), and the person moving forward is the main clause (the result).

شبکه واژگان

비록 하지만 그래도 반대 양보 역접 연결 강조

چالش

Try to write three sentences about your hobbies using '비록 ... -지만'. For example: '비록 요리는 못하지만 먹는 것은 좋아해요.'

ریشه کلمه

The word '비록' has been used since Middle Korean (15th century). It is an indigenous Korean word (Pure Korean), not derived from Chinese characters (Hanja).

معنای اصلی: Its original meaning was 'even if' or 'although,' functioning as a marker of concession just as it does today.

Koreanic

بافت فرهنگی

There are no specific sensitivities, but using it too much in casual conversation can make you sound stiff or overly dramatic.

In English, we often start with 'Although,' but we don't have a mandatory matching suffix at the end of the clause like Korean does. Learners must remember the 'matching pair' rule.

Job 8:7 (Bible): '네 시작은 미약하였으나 네 나중은 심히 창대하리라' (Often starts with 비록 in modern paraphrasing). K-Pop Song: '비록' appears in countless ballads about love and hardship (e.g., songs by Kim Kwang-seok or modern OSTs). Historical Speeches: Used by independence activists to express resolve despite Japanese occupation.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Self-Introduction

비록 한국어 실력은 부족하지만...
비록 경험은 적지만...
비록 전공은 다르지만...
비록 나이는 많지만...

Giving a Gift

비록 작은 성의지만 받아주세요.
비록 비싼 것은 아니지만...
비록 마음에 드실지 모르겠지만...
비록 소박한 선물이지만...

Motivational Speech

비록 지금은 힘들지라도...
비록 실패의 쓴맛을 보았지만...
비록 앞길이 험난할지라도...
비록 우리가 작게 시작했지만...

Apologizing

비록 고의는 아니었지만 죄송합니다.
비록 늦게 연락드렸지만...
비록 변명처럼 들리겠지만...
비록 제 잘못이 크지만...

Debating/Formal Writing

비록 반대 의견이 존재하지만...
비록 통계 수치는 낮으나...
비록 위험 요소가 따르지만...
비록 이론상으로는 완벽하지만...

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"비록 오늘 날씨는 안 좋지만, 우리 어디로 놀러 갈까요?"

"비록 한국 생활이 힘들 때도 있지만, 가장 좋은 점은 무엇인가요?"

"비록 우리가 처음 만났지만, 왠지 친근한 느낌이 드네요."

"비록 요리는 잘 못하지만, 제가 저녁을 대접해도 될까요?"

"비록 시험 결과는 안 좋았지만, 다음에는 잘할 수 있겠죠?"

موضوعات نگارش

비록 오늘 하루가 힘들었지만, 감사했던 일 세 가지를 적어보세요.

비록 지금 내가 가진 것은 적지만, 내가 꿈꾸는 미래의 모습은 어떠한가요?

비록 과거에 실수했던 경험이 있지만, 그 일을 통해 배운 점은 무엇인가요?

비록 나와 성격이 다른 친구가 있지만, 그 친구와 잘 지낼 수 있는 이유는 무엇인가요?

비록 한국어 공부가 어렵지만, 내가 포기하지 않고 계속하는 이유는 무엇인가요?

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Technically no. In standard Korean, 비록 is an adverb that requires a matching contrastive suffix like -지만, -더라도, or -으나 to complete the meaning. Using it alone makes the sentence sound unfinished.

It is slightly formal. In very casual talk with friends, people usually just use the suffix -지만. However, using 비록 isn't 'wrong' in casual speech; it just adds a bit more emphasis or drama.

비록 means 'although' (focusing on the fact), while 아무리 means 'no matter how' (focusing on the intensity or degree). '비록 힘들지만' = Although it's hard. '아무리 힘들어도' = No matter how hard it is.

Yes, but you need to add the copula '이다' (to be). For example: '비록 학생이지만' (Although I am a student) or '비록 초보자더라도' (Even if you are a beginner).

It usually goes at the very beginning of the sentence or right after the subject of the first clause. '비록 나는...' or '나는 비록...' are both fine.

Yes. You can say '비록 어제는 비가 왔지만' (Although it rained yesterday). The past tense is attached to the verb before the -지만 suffix.

No. 비록 is strictly for contrast/concession. Using it with a 'because' ending would be logically contradictory and grammatically incorrect.

No, 비록 is a 'Pure Korean' word (Goyu-eo). It does not have associated Chinese characters.

The most common pairing is '비록 ... -지만'. This is the standard way to express 'although' in both spoken and written Korean.

No, 비록 is an adverb, so its form never changes regardless of the tense, politeness level, or subject of the sentence.

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