상술 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 상술 means 'detailed elaboration' in formal Korean contexts.
- It is the opposite of '요약' (summary) and is used in reports.
- The verb form '상술하다' is common in academic and professional writing.
- Be careful not to confuse it with '상술' (business tactics/salesmanship).
The Korean word 상술 (詳述) is a noun that translates to 'detailed explanation' or 'elaboration.' It is composed of two Hanja characters: 상 (詳), meaning 'detailed' or 'minute,' and 술 (述), meaning 'to state' or 'to relate.' When combined, the word literally means 'to state in a detailed manner.' It is primarily used in formal, academic, or professional contexts where a high degree of specificity is required. Unlike a simple 'explanation' (설명), 상술 implies a deep dive into the particulars, leaving no stone unturned. It is the direct conceptual opposite of a 'summary' (요약) or a 'briefing' (개요).
- Formal Context
- In legal documents or academic papers, you will often see phrases like '다음 장에서 상술하겠다' (I will elaborate in the next chapter). This signals to the reader that the broad concepts introduced will now be broken down into granular parts.
이 보고서는 사건의 경위를 상술하고 있다.
One of the most important things to understand about 상술 is its register. You wouldn't typically use this word when talking to a friend about a movie you saw; instead, you would use '자세히 말하다' (to speak in detail). 상술 is reserved for situations where the 'act of stating' is formalized. For instance, if a professor asks a student to elaborate on their thesis, the professor might say, '그 부분에 대한 상술이 필요합니다' (An elaboration on that part is necessary). This elevates the conversation from a mere chat to a structured academic exchange.
Furthermore, 상술 is often used in the verb form '상술하다' (to elaborate). This verb is highly productive in written Korean. When you want to sound authoritative and precise, choosing '상술하다' over '자세히 설명하다' immediately changes the tone of your writing to be more professional. It suggests that you are not just explaining, but providing a comprehensive, systematic account of a subject. This is why it is so common in technical manuals, historical accounts, and philosophical treatises where every nuance matters.
저자는 서론에서 제기한 문제를 본론에서 상술하였다.
- Comparative Nuance
- While '설명' (explanation) focuses on making someone understand, '상술' (elaboration) focuses on the completeness and depth of the information provided.
In modern Korean society, where information is often consumed in bite-sized chunks, the demand for '상술' is seen as a sign of intellectual rigor. If a news article provides a '상술' of a new government policy, it means they are providing the full text or a very deep analysis rather than just a headline. It is a word that commands respect for the complexity of the topic at hand. Using it correctly shows that you understand the weight of the information you are presenting or requesting.
Using 상술 correctly involves understanding its grammatical role as a noun and its transition into a verb. As a noun, it often appears with the particle '-이' or '-을', or as part of a compound noun phrase. For example, '상술이 부족하다' means 'the elaboration is insufficient.' This is a common critique in academic grading or professional peer reviews. It targets the quality of the detail rather than the general clarity of the thought.
- Noun Usage
- '이 계획의 구체적인 상술을 원합니다.' (I want a concrete elaboration of this plan.)
그의 증언은 사건 당시의 상황을 상술하고 있어 신빙성이 높다.
When converted to the verb 상술하다, it functions like any other '-하다' verb. It is transitive, meaning it takes an object. You elaborate *on* something. In Korean, that something is marked with the object particle '-을/를'. Common objects of '상술하다' include '이유' (reason), '방법' (method), '과정' (process), and '내용' (content). For instance, '성공 비결을 상술하다' (to elaborate on the secret of success).
In written instructions, you might encounter the imperative '상술하시오' (Please elaborate/describe in detail). This is the standard way to ask for a descriptive answer on a high-level exam or a professional application. It signals that a one-sentence answer is not enough; the examiner is looking for a multi-layered response that shows a deep understanding of the mechanics or history of the topic.
본 논문에서는 해당 이론의 한계점을 상술하고자 한다.
- Sentence Patterns
- [Target] + 에 대해 + 상술하다 (Elaborate about [Target])
[Target] + 을/를 + 상술하다 (Elaborate [Target])
Finally, consider the adverbial usage. While '상술' itself isn't an adverb, you can use '상술한' (the elaborated...) as an adjective to modify a following noun. '상술한 이유로 인해' (Due to the reasons elaborated above) is a very common transitional phrase in formal Korean writing. It helps maintain the flow of a complex argument by referring back to detailed points previously made without having to repeat them entirely. This level of linguistic precision is a hallmark of advanced Korean proficiency.
While 상술 is not a word you'll hear often in a bustling Korean fish market or a casual K-drama romance scene, it is ubiquitous in the 'serious' spheres of Korean life. If you tune into a news broadcast like KBS News 9 or JTBC Newsroom, you will hear news anchors use it when transitioning to a deep-dive investigative report. They might say, '이 소식은 김 기자가 상술해 드립니다' (Reporter Kim will now elaborate on this news). Here, it serves as a professional bridge from a headline to a detailed story.
- In the Courtroom
- Legal dramas (like 'Extraordinary Attorney Woo') frequently use '상술' when lawyers are presenting evidence or when a judge asks for a more detailed account of a crime. It signifies the legal necessity for absolute clarity.
피고인은 당시 상황을 다시 한번 상술해 주시기 바랍니다.
In the corporate world, during a board meeting or a project proposal presentation, '상술' is the gold standard for professional communication. If a manager says, '그 마케팅 전략을 좀 더 상술해 보세요' (Try to elaborate a bit more on that marketing strategy), they are asking for data, specific steps, and projected outcomes. It is a request for substance over style. In this context, being able to '상술' effectively is a key career skill in Korea.
Academic lectures are another primary environment for this word. Professors use it to guide students through complex theories. You might hear, '이 이론의 배경은 교재 45페이지에 상술되어 있습니다' (The background of this theory is elaborated on page 45 of the textbook). It helps students navigate the vast amount of information by pointing them to the 'deep-dive' sections. It's also a common word in the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean) Level 5 and 6 reading and listening sections, as it tests a learner's ability to handle formal discourse.
정부는 이번 대책의 세부 내용을 내일 상술할 예정입니다.
- Documentary Narration
- In historical documentaries, the narrator might use '상술' when describing the minute details of a battle or a cultural shift, emphasizing the historical record's thoroughness.
Ultimately, hearing '상술' is a signal that the conversation is moving from the general to the specific. It prepares the listener to pay close attention to details, numbers, and logical sequences. If you are in a professional or educational setting in Korea, being attuned to this word will help you identify the most critical, content-heavy portions of any presentation or document.
The most frequent and potentially embarrassing mistake involving 상술 is confusing it with its homonym 상술 (商術). While our target word (詳述) means 'detailed explanation,' the homonym means 'business tactics,' 'commercial trickery,' or 'salesmanship.' If you say '이 책의 상술이 뛰어나다' (The elaboration in this book is excellent) but the listener thinks you mean 'The sales tactics of this book are excellent,' it could lead to a significant misunderstanding, especially if the book is a purely academic work.
- The Homonym Trap
- 詳述 (Sang-sul): Detailed description (Academic/Formal).
商術 (Sang-sul): Business savvy/tricks (Commercial/Often negative).
기업의 상술에 넘어가지 마세요. (Don't fall for the company's business tactics.)
Another common error is using '상술' in a register that is too casual. Beginners often try to use big words they've learned to sound more proficient, but saying '어제 본 영화 내용을 상술해 봐' (Elaborate on the movie you saw yesterday) to a close friend sounds incredibly stiff and unnatural, almost robotic. In casual speech, always stick to '자세히 말해줘' (Tell me in detail) or '설명해줘' (Explain it to me). '상술' belongs in reports, speeches, and formal requests.
Learners also sometimes struggle with the particle usage. Since '상술' is a noun, it cannot directly modify another noun without a connector. You cannot say '상술 이유' for 'detailed reason.' You must say '상술한 이유' (the reason that was elaborated) or '상세한 이유' (detailed reason). Forgetting the '-한' (which turns the verb form into an adjective) is a very common grammatical slip-up for intermediate learners.
틀린 예: 상술 내용을 확인하세요.
옳은 예: 상술한 내용을 확인하세요.
Lastly, don't confuse '상술' with '상세' (detail). While they are related through the Hanja '상 (詳)', '상세' is an adjective/noun describing the *state* of being detailed, whereas '상술' is the *action* of stating those details. You look at the '상세 정보' (detailed information), but you read the '상술된 내용' (the content that has been elaborated). Mixing these up won't always cause a total breakdown in communication, but it will mark your Korean as less than precise.
To truly master 상술, you need to know how it stacks up against its synonyms. The most common alternative is 설명 (說明). While '설명' is a general term for 'explanation,' '상술' is more specific. Think of '설명' as the broad umbrella and '상술' as a specialized type of explanation that focuses on meticulous detail. If '설명' is telling someone how a clock works, '상술' is describing every single gear, screw, and spring inside it.
- 상술 vs. 부연 (敷衍)
- '부연' means 'to add more explanation' or 'supplementary explanation.' Use '부연' when you've already explained something and want to add a little more context. Use '상술' when the primary goal is the detailed description itself.
- 상술 vs. 묘사 (描寫)
- '묘사' means 'description' or 'depiction,' often used for visual or sensory details (like describing a sunset). '상술' is more logical and structural, used for facts, reasons, and processes.
그는 자신의 주장을 뒷받침하기 위해 여러 사례를 상술했다.
Another word to consider is 열거 (列擧), which means 'to list' or 'to enumerate.' If you are just providing a list of items without much depth, use '열거.' If you are explaining each of those items in depth, '상술' is the better choice. In many professional reports, you will see a combination: '다음과 같은 문제점들을 열거하고, 각각에 대해 상술하겠다' (I will list the following problems and elaborate on each one).
Finally, for very technical or legal contexts, you might encounter 명시 (明示), which means 'to state clearly' or 'to specify.' While '상술' focuses on the *amount* of detail, '명시' focuses on the *clarity* and *unambiguity* of the statement. A contract might '명시' (specify) a deadline, but the technical manual will '상술' (elaborate) on the steps to meet that deadline. Understanding these subtle differences will elevate your Korean from functional to sophisticated.
이 문서는 절차를 상술하기보다는 간략하게 요약하고 있다.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing 'sang' like 'sang' (past tense of sing). It should be 'sahng'.
- Making the 'u' in 'sul' too long like 'sool'. It should be short.
- Forgetting the 'ng' sound at the end of the first syllable.
- Mixing it up with 'san-sul' (arithmetic).
- Pronouncing it too quickly so it sounds like one syllable.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
선생님이 자세히 설명해요.
The teacher explains in detail.
A1 level uses '자세히 설명하다' instead of '상술하다'.
이 책은 내용이 많아요.
This book has a lot of content.
Simple description of 'detail' through quantity.
더 많이 말해 주세요.
Please tell me more.
Requesting more detail in simple terms.
지도를 자세히 봐요.
Look at the map in detail.
Using '자세히' to modify a verb.
그 이야기는 길어요.
That story is long.
A1 way to describe a detailed story.
그림을 하나하나 봐요.
Look at the pictures one by one.
The concept of 'minute detail' (하나하나).
다시 설명해 주세요.
Please explain again.
Basic request for clarification.
이름을 정확하게 써요.
Write the name accurately.
Concept of precision related to '상술'.
이 보고서는 아주 자세합니다.
This report is very detailed.
A2 level uses '자세하다' (to be detailed).
계획을 더 설명해 볼까요?
Shall I explain the plan more?
Using '-을까요' to offer more detail.
그는 사건을 자세히 말했습니다.
He spoke about the incident in detail.
Focus on the adverb '자세히'.
이 부분은 상술이 필요해요.
This part needs elaboration.
Introducing '상술' as a noun meaning 'elaboration'.
설명서를 꼼꼼히 읽으세요.
Read the manual meticulously.
'꼼꼼히' is a synonym for 'in detail' at this level.
어떻게 하는지 상술해 주세요.
Please elaborate on how to do it.
Using '상술하다' in a polite request.
내용을 요약하지 마세요.
Do not summarize the content.
Introducing '요약' as the opposite of '상술'.
자세한 이유는 나중에 말할게요.
I will tell you the detailed reason later.
Using '자세한' as an adjective.
저자는 서론에서 그 이유를 상술했다.
The author elaborated on the reason in the introduction.
Standard usage of '상술하다' in writing.
상술한 바와 같이, 우리는 시간이 없다.
As elaborated above, we have no time.
'상술한 바와 같이' is a key transitional phrase.
이 이론에 대한 상술이 부족합니다.
The elaboration on this theory is insufficient.
Using '상술' as a noun subject.
그는 자신의 경험을 책에 상술하였다.
He elaborated on his experiences in the book.
Formal verb ending '-하였다'.
계약서의 내용을 상술해 주십시오.
Please elaborate on the contents of the contract.
Professional request for detail.
이 문서는 절차를 상술하고 있다.
This document describes the procedure in detail.
Describing the function of a document.
상술된 내용을 다시 확인하세요.
Please re-check the elaborated content.
Passive adjective '상술된'.
그 문제는 다음 장에서 상술하겠다.
I will elaborate on that problem in the next chapter.
Future tense '-하겠다' used in writing.
정부는 새로운 정책의 구체적 실행 방안을 상술했다.
The government elaborated on the specific implementation plans for the new policy.
High-level political/policy context.
본 논문은 해당 현상의 원인을 다각도로 상술한다.
This paper elaborates on the causes of the phenomenon from various angles.
Academic register using '다각도로' (from various angles).
피고인의 진술은 사건의 경위를 상술하고 있지 않다.
The defendant's statement does not elaborate on the circumstances of the incident.
Legal context with negative form '-고 있지 않다'.
기자는 현장의 상황을 생생하게 상술하여 보도했다.
The reporter reported by vividly elaborating on the situation at the scene.
Journalistic usage combining '생생하게' (vividly) and '상술하다'.
그 계획의 타당성을 상술하는 자료를 제출하세요.
Submit materials that elaborate on the feasibility of the plan.
Professional requirement for documentation.
위의 도표는 인구 변화의 추이를 상술하고 있다.
The chart above elaborates on the trends of population change.
Interpreting data visualizations.
그의 설명은 상술이라기보다는 단순한 나열에 가깝다.
His explanation is closer to a simple listing than an elaboration.
Using '-라기보다는' to contrast '상술' with '나열'.
매뉴얼에는 안전 수칙이 아주 엄격하게 상술되어 있다.
The safety rules are very strictly elaborated in the manual.
Passive form '상술되어 있다'.
칸트는 이 저서에서 정언 명령의 개념을 상술하고 있다.
Kant elaborates on the concept of the categorical imperative in this work.
Advanced academic/philosophical discourse.
보고서의 상술 수준이 기대에 미치지 못한다.
The level of elaboration in the report does not meet expectations.
Using '상술' as a noun modified by another noun.
이 법령은 예외 조항을 매우 세밀하게 상술하고 있다.
This statute elaborates on the exception clauses very minutely.
Legal precision with '세밀하게' (minutely).
작가는 주인공의 심리 변화를 상술함으로써 독자의 공감을 이끌어냈다.
The author drew out the reader's empathy by elaborating on the protagonist's psychological changes.
Literary analysis using '-함으로써' (by doing).
해당 기술의 메커니즘을 상술하기에는 지면이 부족하다.
The space is insufficient to elaborate on the mechanism of the technology in question.
Idiomatic expression '지면이 부족하다' (lack of space/paper).
과거의 기록들은 전쟁의 참상을 상술하는 데 주력하고 있다.
Past records focus on elaborating on the horrors of war.
Historical analysis using '주력하다' (to focus on).
그의 비판은 논리적 상술이 결여되어 설득력이 떨어진다.
His criticism lacks logical elaboration and thus lacks persuasiveness.
Critique using '결여되어' (lacking).
전문가는 이번 사태의 배경을 상술하며 해결책을 제시했다.
The expert elaborated on the background of the situation and proposed a solution.
Using the participle '-하며' for simultaneous actions.
본고는 근대 주체성의 형성과정을 계보학적으로 상술하고자 한다.
This paper intends to genealogically elaborate on the formation process of modern subjectivity.
Highest academic register with '계보학적으로' (genealogically).
헌법재판소는 결정문에서 비례의 원칙을 상세히 상술하며 위헌 판결을 내렸다.
The Constitutional Court gave a detailed elaboration on the principle of proportionality in its decision and ruled it unconstitutional.
Legal terminology: '비례의 원칙' (principle of proportionality).
텍스트의 상술된 기표들은 기의의 불안정성을 역설적으로 드러낸다.
The elaborated signifiers of the text paradoxically reveal the instability of the signified.
Post-structuralist linguistic analysis.
정치적 수사로서의 상술은 때로 본질을 흐리는 도구로 전락하기도 한다.
Elaboration as political rhetoric sometimes degenerates into a tool that obscures the essence.
Critical analysis of rhetoric.
해당 이론은 변증법적 전개 과정을 상술하는 과정에서 모순에 봉착한다.
The theory encounters a contradiction in the process of elaborating on the dialectical development process.
Philosophical critique: '변증법적' (dialectical).
데이터의 상술 방식에 따라 통계적 유의미성이 달라질 수 있음을 유의해야 한다.
It should be noted that statistical significance can vary depending on the method of data elaboration.
Scientific methodology and caution.
고전 문헌에 대한 비판적 상술은 현대적 재해석의 초석이 된다.
Critical elaboration of classical literature becomes the foundation for modern reinterpretation.
Literary theory: '초석' (cornerstone/foundation).
심리학적 통찰을 바탕으로 인간의 욕망을 상술한 이 소설은 불후의 명작이다.
This novel, which elaborated on human desire based on psychological insight, is an immortal masterpiece.
Literary praise: '불후의 명작' (immortal masterpiece).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— A common phrase in books meaning 'I will explain in detail in the next chapter'.
이 문제의 배경은 다음 장에서 상술하겠다.
— A formal way to say 'as mentioned in detail above'.
상술한 바와 같이, 우리는 즉각적인 조치가 필요합니다.
— To request a more thorough explanation.
고객은 제품의 기능에 대한 자세한 상술을 원했다.
— To refuse to give details (often in legal or political news).
그는 사적인 질문에 대한 상술을 거부했다.
— There is room for more detailed explanation.
이 이론은 아직 상술의 여지가 많이 남아 있다.
— To skip the detailed explanation.
시간이 부족하여 상술을 생략하고 결론으로 넘어가겠습니다.
— To add a detailed explanation.
그는 짧은 답변 뒤에 긴 상술을 덧붙였다.
— To focus too much on the details.
보고서가 너무 상술에 치중하여 핵심을 놓치고 있다.
— To ask for an elaboration.
위원회는 전문가에게 기술적 상술을 요청했다.
— To finish the detailed explanation.
그는 마지막 사례를 끝으로 상술을 마무리했다.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— An explanation that keeps going on and on with endless details.
그의 이야기는 꼬리에 꼬리를 무는 상술로 이어졌다.
Literary— To get so bogged down in details that you lose the main point.
너무 깊은 상술의 늪에 빠지지 않도록 주의하세요.
Metaphorical— An explanation that is extremely sharp, precise, and detailed.
그의 논리적인 상술은 칼날 같았다.
Literary— To explain something in detail until one's mouth hurts (implies repetition).
내가 입이 아프도록 상술했지만 그는 이해하지 못했다.
Colloquial— To spread out or rattle off a long, detailed explanation (often implies it's boring).
그는 지루한 상술을 늘어놓기 시작했다.
Informal— To make a detailed explanation even more effective or vivid.
시각 자료는 그의 상술에 날개를 달아 주었다.
Metaphorical— To remove all details and leave only the core structure.
복잡한 보고서에서 상술을 깎고 뼈대만 남겼다.
Metaphorical— The standard or textbook example of how to explain something in detail.
이 책은 논리적 상술의 정석을 보여준다.
Common— To try to win an argument or deal by providing overwhelming detail.
그는 완벽한 상술로 승부를 보려 했다.
Common— A detailed explanation that is vague or unrealistic (like catching clouds).
그의 긴 상술은 결국 구름 잡는 소리였다.
IdiomaticSummary
The word '상술' is your best friend when you need to be professional and thorough. Use '상술하다' when you want to signal that you are providing a deep, systematic explanation. Example: '그 원인을 상술해 주십시오' (Please elaborate on that cause).
- 상술 means 'detailed elaboration' in formal Korean contexts.
- It is the opposite of '요약' (summary) and is used in reports.
- The verb form '상술하다' is common in academic and professional writing.
- Be careful not to confuse it with '상술' (business tactics/salesmanship).
مثال
그 방법의 구체적인 내용은 아래에 상술되어 있습니다.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر communication
~대해서
A2About; a particle indicating the subject of discussion.
~ 에 대해
A2به معنای 'درباره' یا 'در مورد' است. برای بیان موضوع صحبت یا فکر استفاده میشود.
~쯤
A2حدود؛ تقریباً. برای زمان یا مقدار استفاده میشود.
동의
B1عمل موافقت با نظر یا پیشنهاد کسی.
모호성
B2کیفیت باز بودن به بیش از یک تفسیر؛ عدم دقت یا عدم وضوح. <mark class='bg-violet-200 dark:bg-violet-800 px-0.5 rounded'>모호성</mark> به این معنی است که چیزی واضح نیست و می تواند به روش های مختلفی درک شود. این عدم قطعیت یا عدم دقت است.
그리고
A1یک حرف ربط به معنای 'و' یا 'و سپس'. برای اتصال دو جمله یا عمل به کار میرود.
공지
A2یک اعلان رسمی یا اطلاعیه عمومی برای یک گروه خاص.
답하다
A1پاسخ دادن به یک سوال یا پیام.
대답하다
A1پاسخ دادن به یک سوال یا تماس. 'او به سوال معلم با دقت پاسخ داد.'
대답
A1پاسخ؛ جواب. او به سوال پاسخ داد.
