낙후되다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- 낙후되다 means to fall behind in development, technology, or systems compared to modern standards.
- It is a formal word used for regions, facilities, and industries, not for individual speed or people.
- Commonly translated as 'underdeveloped,' 'outdated,' or 'obsolete' in professional or socio-economic contexts.
- It is the opposite of '발전하다' (to develop) and implies a negative state of being stuck in the past.
The Korean verb 낙후되다 (落後--) is a sophisticated term primarily used to describe a state where development, technology, or facilities have fallen significantly behind the current standard or the progress of others. Derived from the Hanja '落' (to fall) and '後' (behind), it literally translates to 'falling behind.' However, in modern Korean, its application is specific to systems, regions, and structural conditions rather than individual physical movement. When you walk into an old neighborhood where the buildings are crumbling, the roads are narrow, and there is no modern sewage system, a Korean speaker would likely describe that area as '낙후된 지역' (an underdeveloped area). It carries a nuance of being 'outdated' or 'backward' in a socio-economic or technological sense.
- Core Nuance
- It is not just about being 'old' (낡다). It implies a comparison to a modern standard that has not been met. While a vintage car is 'old,' a city's medical system that lacks basic computers is '낙후되었다'.
지방의 낙후된 교육 환경을 개선하기 위해 정부가 예산을 투입하기로 했습니다.
This word is frequently encountered in news reports, academic papers, and political discussions regarding regional equality. In South Korea, where rapid development occurred in Seoul, the term is often used to highlight the '낙후성' (backwardness) of rural areas or older districts in need of urban renewal. It is a formal word; you wouldn't typically use it to describe your old shoes or a slightly slow phone in a casual chat with friends. Instead, you use it to discuss the '낙후된 정보 통신망' (outdated information communication network) of a developing nation or the '낙후된 시설' (obsolete facilities) of an old hospital.
- Typical Subjects
- Regions (지역), facilities (시설), technology (기술), systems (제도), and economic states (경제 상태).
이 공장은 설비가 너무 낙후되어 생산성이 매우 낮습니다.
Using 낙후되다 correctly requires understanding its grammatical behavior as a passive-form verb (though it often functions like an adjective in English translation). It usually appears as a modifier for nouns or as a predicate to describe a subject's state. Because it contains '되다' (to become), it suggests a state that has resulted from a lack of progress over time.
- Modifying Nouns
- You will most often see it as '낙후된' (the past participle form used as an adjective). Example: 낙후된 도시 (an underdeveloped city), 낙후된 기술 (outdated technology).
낙후된 지역 사회를 활성화하기 위한 프로젝트가 시작되었습니다.
When used as a predicate, it often takes the form '낙후되어 있다' (to be in a state of being underdeveloped) or '낙후되고 있다' (to be becoming underdeveloped/falling behind). For instance, if a country's education system is not keeping up with global trends, you might say, '교육 시스템이 세계적 흐름에 비해 낙후되어 있다.' This emphasizes the ongoing state of being behind.
그 나라는 경제적으로 매우 낙후되어 지원이 절실합니다.
- Comparison Structures
- It is often paired with particles like '~에 비해' (compared to) or '~보다' (than) to establish what the subject is falling behind. Example: '선진국에 비해 기술이 낙후되다' (Technology is underdeveloped compared to advanced nations).
In South Korea, 낙후되다 is a staple in the lexicon of news anchors, urban planners, and politicians. You will hear it most frequently during discussions about '균형 발전' (balanced development). Because the Seoul Metropolitan Area is so hyper-developed, the rest of the country is often discussed in terms of being '낙후되었다' (underdeveloped). If you watch a documentary about the 'digital divide,' you will hear about how the elderly or certain regions are '낙후된 정보화 수준' (having an underdeveloped level of digitalization).
뉴스 리포터: "이곳은 서울에서 가장 낙후된 주거 단지 중 하나입니다."
Another common context is the 'industrial sector.' When economists discuss why a certain industry is losing competitiveness, they might point to '낙후된 경영 방식' (outdated management styles) or '낙후된 생산 설비' (obsolete production facilities). It is also used in the context of human rights or social welfare, describing '낙후된 복지 체계' (an underdeveloped welfare system) in certain areas or for specific groups.
전문가: "우리의 소프트웨어 산업은 하드웨어에 비해 상대적으로 낙후되어 있습니다."
Finally, in literature or historical essays, it might be used to describe a time period or a culture that was perceived as 'backward' by contemporary standards. It provides a formal, analytical tone to the description of progress or the lack thereof.
The most common mistake learners make is using 낙후되다 for individual people or simple physical objects. You cannot say a person is '낙후되었다' if they are slow at running or behind in their studies; for that, you would use '뒤처지다' or '뒤떨어지다.' Similarly, if your phone is just old and scratched, it's '낡다' or '오래되다.' If you call it '낙후되다,' it sounds like you are describing the phone's technology as being from a previous century in a formal report.
- Mistake: Personal Progress
- Incorrect: 나는 수학 성적이 낙후되었다. (My math grades are underdeveloped.)
Correct: 나는 수학 성적이 뒤처졌다. (I fell behind in math grades.)
잘못된 표현: 이 신발은 너무 낙후되어서 못 신겠어.
Another mistake is confusing it with '후진적' (backward/regressive). While similar, '후진적' often carries a more negative, judgmental, or even insulting tone regarding culture or mindset. '낙후되다' is more objective and focused on the physical or systemic state of development. Using '낙후되다' is safer in professional settings because it sounds like a technical assessment rather than a personal insult.
Lastly, ensure you don't use it for things that are intentionally old or 'vintage.' A 'vintage' cafe is never '낙후되다'; it is '빈티지하다' or '고풍스럽다.' '낙후되다' always implies a negative lack of necessary modernization.
Understanding the synonyms for 낙후되다 helps you choose the right level of formality and the specific nuance you want to convey. Here is a comparison with similar terms:
- 낙후되다 vs. 뒤떨어지다
- 낙후되다: Formal, used for regions, systems, or technology. (Focus on development level).
뒤떨어지다: More common and versatile. Can be used for people, fashion trends, or technology. (Focus on falling behind a standard).
유행에 뒤떨어지다 (To be behind the trend) vs. 지역이 낙후되다 (To be an underdeveloped region).
- 낙후되다 vs. 도태되다 (淘汰--)
- 낙후되다: Simply being behind in development.
도태되다: To be weeded out, eliminated, or become extinct because one couldn't keep up. It's much harsher and implies failure to survive.
If you want to describe something as 'outdated' in a more casual way, you might use '구식이다' (to be old-style/old-fashioned). For example, '그의 생각은 너무 구식이다' (His thinking is very old-fashioned). '낙후되다' would sound too heavy and technical for a person's thoughts unless you are writing a psychological profile about a '낙후된 사고방식' (underdeveloped mindset) in a sociological context.
چقدر رسمی است؟
نکته جالب
The character 落 (to fall) is the same one used in '낙엽' (fallen leaves), and 後 (behind) is the same as in '오후' (afternoon). Together, they paint a picture of someone dropping out of a race and being left in the dust.
راهنمای تلفظ
- Pronouncing it as 'nak-hu-doe-da' distinctly without the aspirated 'k' sound.
- Confusing '되' [dwe] with '대' [dae].
- Skipping the 'h' sound entirely without aspirating the 'g'.
- Misprounouncing the Hanja-derived '낙' as '락' (though '락' is the original, '낙' is the standard initial sound law).
- Incorrectly stressing the 'hu' syllable.
سطح دشواری
Common in newspapers and textbooks, requiring knowledge of Hanja-based vocabulary.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
그 마을은 조금 낙후되었어요.
That village is a bit underdeveloped.
Simple past tense used as a state.
낙후된 건물이 많아요.
There are many outdated buildings.
Modifier form '낙후된' before a noun.
이곳은 시설이 낙후되어 있어요.
The facilities here are outdated.
-어 있다 indicates a continuing state.
낙후된 곳을 고쳐요.
Fix the underdeveloped places.
Object of the verb '고치다'.
우리 동네는 낙후되지 않았어요.
Our neighborhood is not underdeveloped.
Negative form -지 않다.
너무 낙후되어서 불편해요.
It's uncomfortable because it's so outdated.
-어서 indicates reason/cause.
낙후된 지역에 가요.
I go to an underdeveloped area.
Direction particle -에.
학교가 낙후되었어요?
Is the school outdated?
Question form.
지방 도시는 서울보다 낙후된 편이에요.
Provincial cities tend to be more underdeveloped than Seoul.
-ㄴ 편이다 expresses a tendency.
낙후된 설비를 새것으로 바꿨어요.
We replaced the outdated equipment with new ones.
Object '낙후된 설비'.
여기는 교통이 아주 낙후되어 있네요.
The transportation here is very underdeveloped.
Exclamatory ending -네요.
낙후된 환경에서 공부하기 힘들어요.
It is hard to study in an underdeveloped environment.
Adverbial phrase '낙후된 환경에서'.
정부는 낙후된 마을을 돕고 싶어 해요.
The government wants to help underdeveloped villages.
-고 싶어 하다 for third person desires.
이 지역은 경제적으로 낙후되었습니다.
This region is economically underdeveloped.
Formal ending -습니다.
낙후된 병원 시설을 개선해야 합니다.
We must improve the outdated hospital facilities.
-해야 합니다 (must/should).
컴퓨터가 너무 낙후되어 쓸 수 없어요.
The computer is too outdated to use.
-어/아서 (cause) + -ㄹ 수 없다 (cannot).
낙후된 지역의 경제를 살리는 것이 시급합니다.
It is urgent to revive the economy of underdeveloped regions.
Gerund phrase '-는 것' as a subject.
기술이 낙후되면 경쟁에서 밀려나게 됩니다.
If technology is outdated, you will be pushed out of the competition.
-면 (if) and -게 되다 (come to be).
우리나라는 과거에 비해 교육 시스템이 전혀 낙후되지 않았습니다.
Compared to the past, our country's education system is not underdeveloped at all.
Comparison '-에 비해'.
낙후된 주거 환경을 개선하기 위해 재개발이 진행 중입니다.
Redevelopment is underway to improve the underdeveloped residential environment.
-기 위해 (in order to).
그 공장은 생산 방식이 낙후되어 효율성이 떨어집니다.
The factory's production methods are outdated, so efficiency is low.
Subject-predicate structure '생산 방식이 낙후되어'.
상대적으로 낙후된 농촌 지역에 의료 지원을 확대해야 해요.
We need to expand medical support to relatively underdeveloped rural areas.
Adverb '상대적으로' (relatively).
낙후된 기술력을 보완하기 위해 해외 기업과 협력했습니다.
We cooperated with foreign companies to supplement our outdated technology.
Compound noun '기술력' (technological power).
문화 시설이 낙후된 지역에서는 여가 생활을 즐기기 어렵습니다.
It is difficult to enjoy leisure life in areas where cultural facilities are underdeveloped.
Relative clause '시설이 낙후된'.
수도권에 비해 지방의 인프라는 상당히 낙후되어 있는 실정입니다.
The infrastructure in the provinces is in a state of being significantly underdeveloped compared to the capital area.
-는 실정이다 (to be in a situation/state where...).
낙후된 산업 구조를 개편하지 않으면 미래가 불투명합니다.
If we don't reform the outdated industrial structure, the future is uncertain.
Conditional -지 않으면.
그 나라는 정치적으로는 선진국이지만, 사회 복지는 낙후된 면이 있습니다.
That country is politically advanced, but its social welfare has underdeveloped aspects.
-ㄴ 면이 있다 (to have a side/aspect of...).
낙후된 지역 사회의 자생력을 키우는 것이 중요합니다.
It is important to foster the self-sufficiency of underdeveloped local communities.
Abstract noun '자생력' (self-sufficiency).
디지털 시대에 낙후된 정보 통신망은 국가 경쟁력을 약화시킵니다.
In the digital age, an outdated information communication network weakens national competitiveness.
Causative -시키다.
과거의 낙후된 관습에서 벗어나 새로운 문화를 창조해야 합니다.
We must break away from the outdated customs of the past and create a new culture.
-에서 벗어나다 (to escape from).
공공기관의 서비스가 민간 기업에 비해 낙후되었다는 지적이 많습니다.
There are many points made that public institution services are underdeveloped compared to private companies.
Indirect quotation '-다는 지적'.
낙후된 어촌 마을을 관광지로 개발하여 수익을 창출하고 있습니다.
They are creating profit by developing underdeveloped fishing villages into tourist spots.
Participial construction -어/아/여.
지역 간 낙후도 차이를 해소하기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요합니다.
Multifaceted efforts are needed to resolve the difference in the degree of underdevelopment between regions.
Nominalized form '낙후도' (degree of underdevelopment).
기술의 발전 속도가 워낙 빨라 조금만 방심해도 금세 낙후된 기술이 되고 맙니다.
The speed of technological development is so fast that even a little carelessness leads to technology becoming outdated in no time.
-고 말다 (to end up doing/being).
낙후된 법 체계가 급변하는 사회 현실을 반영하지 못하고 있다는 비판이 거셉니다.
Criticism is strong that the outdated legal system is failing to reflect the rapidly changing reality of society.
Complex noun phrase '급변하는 사회 현실'.
특정 지역이 낙후되었다는 낙인 효과는 그 지역의 발전을 저해하는 요소가 됩니다.
The stigma effect of a specific region being labeled as underdeveloped becomes a factor that hinders its development.
Social science term '낙인 효과' (stigma effect).
경제 지표상으로는 성장했지만, 삶의 질 측면에서는 여전히 낙후된 부분이 많습니다.
Although it has grown in terms of economic indicators, there are still many underdeveloped parts in terms of quality of life.
-상으로 (in terms of/according to).
낙후된 설비의 교체는 단순한 현대화를 넘어 환경 보호 차원에서도 필수적입니다.
The replacement of outdated equipment is essential not just for simple modernization but also from the perspective of environmental protection.
-를 넘어 (beyond).
그 나라는 오랜 내전으로 인해 국가 기반 시설이 처참하게 낙후되었습니다.
Due to a long civil war, the country's national infrastructure has become miserably underdeveloped.
-로 인해 (due to).
전통적인 교육 방식이 현대 사회의 요구에 비해 낙후되었다는 인식이 확산되고 있습니다.
The perception that traditional teaching methods are outdated compared to the demands of modern society is spreading.
Passive progression '확산되고 있다'.
근대화 과정에서 소외된 계층의 낙후된 생활상은 사회적 갈등의 불씨가 되기도 합니다.
The underdeveloped lifestyle of classes alienated during the modernization process can become a spark for social conflict.
Formal noun '생활상' (aspects of life).
기술적 낙후성을 극복하기 위한 R&D 투자는 국가의 사활이 걸린 문제입니다.
R&D investment to overcome technological backwardness is a matter of national life and death.
Idiomatic expression '사활이 걸리다' (life or death depends on it).
도시 재생 사업은 단순히 낙후된 건물을 허무는 것이 아니라 공동체의 복원을 목표로 해야 합니다.
Urban regeneration projects should aim for the restoration of the community, not just tearing down underdeveloped buildings.
Correlative structure 'A가 아니라 B'.
식민지 시대의 낙후된 행정 체계가 해방 이후에도 잔재로 남아 발전을 더디게 했습니다.
The underdeveloped administrative system of the colonial era remained as a remnant even after liberation, slowing down development.
Historical term '잔재' (remnant/vestige).
정보화의 물결 속에서 낙후된 계층은 정보 빈곤층으로 전락할 위험이 큽니다.
In the wave of digitalization, underdeveloped classes are at high risk of falling into the information-poor category.
Literary verb '전락하다' (to fall/degenerate into).
낙후된 어촌의 정주 여건 개선을 통해 인구 유출을 막으려는 지자체의 노력이 눈부십니다.
The efforts of local governments to prevent population outflow by improving the underdeveloped settlement conditions of fishing villages are remarkable.
Administrative term '정주 여건' (settlement conditions).
서구 중심의 시각에서 타 문화를 낙후되었다고 규정하는 것은 오만한 태도일 수 있습니다.
Defining other cultures as underdeveloped from a Western-centric perspective can be an arrogant attitude.
Philosophical verb '규정하다' (to define/prescribe).
산업 현장의 낙후된 안전 의식이 대형 참사로 이어지는 경우가 빈번합니다.
Cases where outdated safety awareness at industrial sites leads to major disasters are frequent.
Abstract subject '안전 의식' (safety awareness).
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— Revitalizing the economy of underdeveloped regions.
정부는 낙후된 지역 경제 활성화를 위해 특별법을 제정했다.
— Improving outdated infrastructure.
낙후된 인프라 개선은 도시의 경쟁력을 높인다.
— Underdeveloped educational conditions.
낙후된 교육 여건을 개선하기 위해 선생님들을 더 파견했다.
— Outdated industrial sectors.
낙후된 산업 분야에 대한 정부의 지원이 필요하다.
— Underdeveloped residential complex.
이곳은 서울의 대표적인 낙후된 주거 단지다.
— To be unable to escape a state of backwardness.
그 산업은 여전히 낙후성을 면치 못하고 있다.
— Supplementing outdated technological power.
외국 자본을 유치하여 낙후된 기술력을 보완해야 한다.
— Underdeveloped medical system.
전쟁으로 인해 그 나라의 의료 체계는 완전히 낙후되었다.
— Expanding an underdeveloped transportation network.
낙후된 교통망 확충을 위해 고속도로를 건설했다.
— Balanced development of underdeveloped regions.
국가 균형 발전을 위해 낙후된 지역에 혜택을 주어야 한다.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— To be behind the times (similar but more common for ideas/fashion).
그의 생각은 너무 시대에 뒤떨어져 있다.
Neutral— A frog in a well (ignorant of the world/underdeveloped perspective).
우물 안 개구리처럼 낙후된 생각만 해서는 안 된다.
Informal— To walk in place (to not progress/stay underdeveloped).
우리 회사의 기술력은 10년째 제자리걸음을 하며 낙후되고 있다.
Neutral— To hit the back of the drum (to react too late/be behind).
이미 기술이 낙후된 후에 투자하는 것은 뒷북을 치는 격이다.
Informal— Turtle's pace (very slow development leading to being outdated).
지역 발전이 거북이걸음이라 여전히 낙후되어 있다.
Neutral— Cold rice status (being neglected, often leading to being underdeveloped).
낙후된 지역은 정부 예산 배정에서 찬밥 신세가 되기 쉽다.
Informal— To walk the path of elimination (to fall behind to failure).
혁신하지 않으면 낙후되어 도태의 길을 걷게 될 것이다.
Formal— To let go of hands (to stop managing, leading to underdevelopment).
정부가 관리에 손을 놓으면서 시설이 급격히 낙후되었다.
Neutral— To grab the ankle (to hinder progress).
낙후된 인프라가 국가 경제 성장의 발목을 잡고 있다.
Neutral— To catch a strand (to find a way to fix underdevelopment).
낙후된 지역을 어떻게 개발할지 이제야 가닥을 잡았다.
Neutralخانواده کلمه
اسمها
فعلها
صفتها
مرتبط
حفظ کنید
روش یادسپاری
Think of 'Knock' (낙) and 'Who' (후). 'Knock, knock! Who is there?' 'The past!' because you are 'falling behind' (낙후).
تداعی تصویری
Imagine a shiny high-speed train zooming past a rusty old horse-drawn carriage. The carriage is '낙후되었다'.
شبکه واژگان
چالش
Try to find three things in your city that could be described as '낙후된 것' and write a sentence for each using '낙후되다'.
ریشه کلمه
Composed of the Hanja characters 落 (낙/락 - to fall) and 後 (후 - behind) combined with the Korean auxiliary verb 되다 (to become).
معنای اصلی: To drop behind or fall to the rear in a sequence or progression.
Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo).بافت فرهنگی
Be careful when using this to describe someone's hometown or country directly, as it can be perceived as calling their home 'backward' or 'poor.' Use it objectively in professional contexts.
In English, we might use 'underdeveloped' for countries, 'outdated' for tech, or 'dilapidated' for buildings. '낙후되다' covers all these formal contexts in one Korean word.
Summary
낙후되다 is your go-to word for describing structural or systemic backwardness. Use it when discussing 'underdeveloped regions' (낙후된 지역) or 'outdated facilities' (낙후된 시설) to sound professional and precise. Example: '지방의 낙후된 의료 시설을 개선해야 합니다' (We must improve the outdated medical facilities in the provinces).
- 낙후되다 means to fall behind in development, technology, or systems compared to modern standards.
- It is a formal word used for regions, facilities, and industries, not for individual speed or people.
- Commonly translated as 'underdeveloped,' 'outdated,' or 'obsolete' in professional or socio-economic contexts.
- It is the opposite of '발전하다' (to develop) and implies a negative state of being stuck in the past.
مثال
이 지역은 교통 시설이 낙후되어 주민들이 불편을 겪고 있다.
محتوای مرتبط
واژههای بیشتر economy
편중되다
B2به طور نامتناسب در یک سمت متمرکز شدن. / ثروت در دست عده کمی متمرکز شده است (편중되다).
예산
B1بودجه یک برنامه مالی است که درآمد و هزینهها را برای یک دوره مشخص برآورد میکند.
자본주의
B2سرمایهداری یک نظام اقتصادی و اجتماعی است که بر پایه مالکیت خصوصی ابزارهای تولید بنا شده است. این سیستم بر بازار آزاد و رقابت برای کسب سود متکی است.
경쟁력
B2توانایی یک فرد یا شرکت برای رقابت موثر در یک بازار خاص. این به معنای داشتن مزیت نسبت به دیگران از نظر کیفیت یا قیمت است.
보완재
B2کالای مکمل کالایی است که معمولاً همراه با کالای دیگری مصرف میشود.
소비주의
B1مصرفگرایی ایدئولوژی است که خرید کالاها را تشویق میکند.
하락세
B2روند نزولی یا تمایل به کاهش.
견인하다
B2To pull or tow something; metaphorically, to lead or drive forward a certain phenomenon, economic growth, or trend.
상회하다
B1فراتر رفتن یا بالاتر رفتن از یک عدد، سطح یا استاندارد خاص.
교환
B1عمل دادن چیزی و دریافت چیز دیگری از همان نوع در مقابل آن.
