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B1 noun #3,000 پرکاربردترین 11 دقیقه مطالعه

관행

رتبه 3,000

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها 관행 در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح 관행 in your Level:

At the A1 level, the word '관행' (gwan-haeng) might be a bit difficult because it is an abstract noun. However, you can think of it simply as 'the way a group of people usually does something.' Imagine a classroom where everyone raises their hand before speaking. That is a kind of 'practice' or 'rule' everyone follows. At this early stage, you don't need to use '관행' in your own speaking yet, but you might see it in simple stories about schools or offices. Just remember that it is different from a personal habit (like brushing your teeth). A '관행' is something many people do together because they think it is the standard way. For example, 'In our school, it is the practice to wear a uniform.' In Korean, you would use this word to talk about these kinds of group rules. It's a 'big habit' for a 'big group.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to learn more about Korean society and work life. '관행' is a useful word to know when you hear people talking about 'how things work.' It means 'practice' or 'custom.' You might hear it when someone explains a rule at a part-time job or a school club. For example, 'It is the practice to clean the room after the meeting.' In Korean: '회의 후에 방을 청소하는 것이 관행입니다.' At this level, you should try to recognize the word when you hear it in simple news clips or office conversations. It usually refers to things people do because of tradition or routine. It is often used with the verb '따르다' (to follow). So, '관행을 따르다' means 'to follow the practice.' This is a great word to help you sound more professional when describing group activities.

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As a B1 learner, you should be able to use '관행' to discuss social issues and workplace culture. This word is essential for describing 'standard practices' or 'conventions.' At this level, you can distinguish between '습관' (personal habit) and '관행' (group practice). You will often see '관행' in articles about business or social change. It's a key word for expressing the idea that 'this is how we've always done it.' You can use it in sentences like '우리는 잘못된 관행을 고쳐야 합니다' (We must fix wrong practices). You should also learn the adjective form '관행적' (conventional), which describes doing things just because they are the norm. Understanding '관행' helps you participate in more complex conversations about why certain social problems exist and how they might be changed. It is a very common word in intermediate-level reading and listening materials.

At the B2 level, you should have a nuanced understanding of '관행.' You should recognize that while the word can be neutral, it often carries a negative connotation in modern Korean discourse, especially when referring to '부조리한 관행' (irrational/corrupt practices). You should be able to use the word in formal writing, such as essays or reports, to analyze systemic behaviors. For example, you might write about 'commercial practices' (상관행) or 'administrative practices' (행정 관행). You should also be comfortable with related terms like '관례' (formal custom) and '관습' (social custom), knowing when to choose '관행' for its focus on the 'action' or 'implementation.' At this level, you can use phrases like '관행으로 자리 잡다' (to become established as a practice) to describe the evolution of social norms. Your ability to use this word correctly reflects a deep understanding of the structures within Korean society and organizations.

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For C1 learners, '관행' is a tool for high-level analysis and professional communication. You should understand its legal implications, such as in '관습법' (customary law), and its role in institutional theory. You can discuss how 'institutionalized practices' (관행화된 행동) shape the identity of an organization. At this level, you should be able to use the word to critique complex systems, using sophisticated modifiers like '구태의연한' (stagnant), '불합리한' (irrational), or '관행적인' (routine/unthinking). You should also be able to navigate the subtle differences between '관행,' '관례,' and '전례' in legal or diplomatic texts. For example, in a business contract or a legal brief, the term '상관행' (commercial practice) has specific legal weight. Your usage of '관행' should show that you understand not just the word's meaning, but the social and legal weight it carries in professional Korean contexts.

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At the C2 level, you possess a native-like grasp of '관행' and can use it in academic, legal, and philosophical discussions. You can analyze 'discursive practices' or 'socio-cultural practices' using this term. You understand how '관행' functions as a form of 'unwritten law' that can sometimes override official regulations, and you can articulate the tension between 'de jure' rules and 'de facto' practices. Your vocabulary includes highly specialized terms like '관행법' or '악습' (evil customs) and you can engage in deep debates about 'structural reform' (구조적 개혁) that targets deep-seated '관행.' You can write scholarly articles or deliver formal speeches where '관행' is used to dissect the historical trajectory of social norms. At this level, the word is not just a vocabulary item but a conceptual lens through which you analyze the complexities of human organizations and social evolution.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

관행 در ۳۰ ثانیه

A collective habit or established practice within a group or organization.
Commonly used in business, law, and social commentary to describe unwritten norms.
Can be neutral (standard procedure) or negative (outdated/corrupt practice).
Different from 'habit' (personal) and 'tradition' (cultural/ceremonial).

The Korean word 관행 (Gwan-haeng) is a sophisticated noun that refers to a long-established custom, practice, or convention that has become the standard way of doing things within a specific society, professional field, or organization. While English speakers might use the word 'habit' for personal actions, 관행 strictly refers to collective or institutionalized behaviors. It describes the 'unwritten rules' or the 'standard operating procedure' that people follow not necessarily because there is a written law, but because 'that is how it has always been done.' In many contexts, especially in modern Korean news and literature, the word carries a slightly nuanced weight; it can be neutral, referring to a harmless tradition, but it is frequently used in a critical sense to describe 'bad practices' or 'outdated customs' that need reform. Understanding this word is crucial for anyone looking to navigate Korean corporate culture, legal discussions, or social commentary, as it bridges the gap between mere repetition and institutionalized tradition.

Societal Context: In Korean society, 관행 often appears when discussing social norms like wedding gift expectations or hierarchy-based communication styles. It represents the collective agreement of a group.

업계의 오래된 관행을 타파하기 위해 새로운 규정이 도입되었습니다. (New regulations were introduced to break the long-standing practices of the industry.)

Professional Context: In business, this term is used to describe industry standards. For example, 'commercial practices' (상관행) refers to the way businesses typically interact and transact within a specific market sector.

The term is composed of two Hanja characters: 慣 (관), meaning 'accustomed' or 'habitual,' and 行 (행), meaning 'to act' or 'to do.' Together, they create a concept of 'acting out of habit' on a macro level. Unlike '전통' (tradition), which usually has a positive and cultural connotation of preservation, 관행 is more practical and functional. You wouldn't call a beautiful folk dance a '관행'; that is a '전통.' However, the way a company handles promotions or how a government department processes paperwork is a '관행.' It is the practical application of repeated behavior that forms the structural backbone of how an organization functions day-to-day. In legal terms, '관습법' (customary law) is related, referring to laws that are not codified but are recognized because they have been a consistent 관행 for a long period. Therefore, mastering this word allows you to discuss not just what people do, but why systems persist in their current forms.

이것은 우리 조직의 일반적인 관행이 아닙니다. (This is not a general practice of our organization.)

Negative Nuance: The phrase '관행처럼 굳어지다' (to become hardened like a practice) suggests that a certain behavior, often a negative one, has become so ingrained that it is hard to change, even if people know it is inefficient or wrong.

과거의 잘못된 관행을 바로잡는 것은 쉽지 않은 일입니다. (Correcting the wrong practices of the past is not an easy task.)

Using 관행 correctly requires understanding its grammatical placement as a noun and the verbs it typically pairs with. Because it represents a concept of 'repetition' and 'standardization,' it is often the subject or object of verbs related to following, breaking, or establishing norms. For English speakers, the most common translations are 'practice,' 'custom,' or 'convention.' However, unlike 'custom' (which can be personal), 관행 always implies a group context. To use it effectively, you should pair it with verbs like 따르다 (to follow), 타파하다 (to break/overcome), 고치다 (to fix), or 정착되다 (to become settled/established).

Following a Practice: When you want to say someone is doing things 'by the book' or according to tradition, use '관행에 따르다.' This is common in bureaucratic or formal settings.

우리는 기존의 관행에 따라 업무를 처리했습니다. (We processed the work according to existing practices.)

Breaking a Practice: To describe reform or innovation, use '관행을 깨다' or '관행을 타파하다.' These phrases suggest a proactive effort to change the status quo.

그 회사는 불합리한 관행을 깨고 혁신을 선택했습니다. (The company chose innovation, breaking away from irrational practices.)

In more complex sentences, 관행 often appears with the particle -적 to form the adjective 관행적 (conventional/habitual). This is used to describe actions that are done out of routine rather than fresh thought. For instance, '관행적인 태도' (a conventional attitude) implies a lack of creativity or a refusal to change. When discussing historical or social shifts, you might see the phrase '관행이 굳어지다,' which literally means 'a practice has hardened.' This evokes the image of soft clay turning into a solid stone, illustrating how once-flexible behaviors become rigid social structures. Whether you are writing a formal report or engaging in a debate about social issues, using 관행 allows you to point to systemic behaviors rather than individual faults, making your Korean sound more objective and sophisticated.

이러한 관행은 수십 년 동안 지속되어 왔습니다. (These practices have continued for decades.)

Establishing a Practice: When a new way of doing things becomes the norm, we use '관행으로 자리 잡다' (to take place as a practice).

재택근무가 새로운 기업 관행으로 자리 잡고 있습니다. (Remote work is establishing itself as a new corporate practice.)

You will encounter 관행 in several key environments in South Korea. First and foremost is the news and media. Whenever a scandal breaks out regarding political corruption, unfair hiring practices, or corporate mismanagement, the word 관행 is almost always used by reporters and officials. It serves as an explanation (and sometimes an excuse) for why something happened: 'It was a long-standing practice in the industry.' By using this word, they shift the focus from a single 'bad actor' to a 'bad system.' If you watch Korean dramas (K-Dramas) that focus on law or business, like Stranger or Misaeng, you will hear characters debating whether to follow 'the old ways' (구태의연한 관행) or to forge a new path.

The Workplace (Office Life): In a Korean office, a senior colleague might say, '우리 부서의 관행이에요' (It's our department's practice) when explaining why certain documents are formatted a specific way or why meetings always happen at a certain time.

법조계의 잘못된 관행을 뿌리 뽑아야 합니다. (We must root out the wrong practices in the legal profession.)

Legal and Academic Settings: In law, 관행 is used to describe 'customary international law' (국제관습법) or general legal practices that have the force of law because they have been consistently applied for a long time.

Another place you will hear this word is in academic lectures, particularly those focusing on sociology, history, or economics. Professors use 관행 to describe the evolution of social structures. For example, they might discuss how the '관행' of the Joseon dynasty influenced modern Korean family dynamics. In this context, the word is neutral and analytical. It is also common in documentaries that explore the hidden sides of society. When an interviewer asks, 'Why did you do it?' and the interviewee responds, 'It was just the practice back then,' they are using 관행 to justify their actions based on the prevailing norms of that era. Understanding this word helps you grasp the collective mindset of a group at a specific point in time, making it an essential tool for deep cultural immersion.

이것은 단순한 실수가 아니라 조직적인 관행이었습니다. (This was not a simple mistake but an organizational practice.)

Social Reform Discussions: When activists talk about changing society, they often speak of '낡은 관행' (old, worn-out practices) that hinder progress, such as gender-based discrimination in the workplace.

그들은 시대에 뒤떨어진 관행을 고수하고 있습니다. (They are adhering to practices that are behind the times.)

While 관행 is a common word, learners often confuse it with other terms related to habits, traditions, or laws. The most frequent mistake is using 관행 when you should use 습관 (habit). 습관 is personal—it's what you do every day, like biting your nails or waking up early. If you say '제 관행은 매일 아침 커피를 마시는 것이에요' (My practice is drinking coffee every morning), it sounds very strange and overly formal, as if your coffee drinking is an institutionalized policy. Instead, you should say '제 습관은...' Another common error is confusing it with 전통 (tradition). While both involve repetition over time, 전통 has a cultural, often positive, and historical value. You wouldn't call the Lunar New Year celebration a '관행'; it is a '전통.' 관행 is more about the way things are operated or handled in a practical sense.

관행 vs. 관습 (Custom): These two are very close. 관습 (Gwan-seup) is broader and refers to social customs and mores, while 관행 is specifically about the 'action' or 'practice' within a field or organization. Think of 관습 as the 'what' and 관행 as the 'how' it is practiced.

Wrong: 나는 매일 운동하는 관행이 있다. (I have a practice of exercising daily.)
Right: 나는 매일 운동하는 습관이 있다. (I have a habit of exercising daily.)

Misusing Formality: Sometimes learners use 관행 in very casual settings where it feels too heavy. In a casual conversation about why a friend is late, using 관행 would be sarcastic or overly clinical.

Another nuance to watch out for is the difference between 관행 and 규정 (regulation). A 규정 is a written rule found in a handbook. A 관행 is what actually happens. Sometimes the 규정 says one thing, but the 관행 is different. For example, the 규정 might say work ends at 6 PM, but the 관행 is to stay until 8 PM. Confusing these two can lead to misunderstandings in professional environments. Finally, ensure you don't confuse 관행 with 관례 (precedent/customary formality). 관례 is often used for formal protocols or ceremonies, like diplomatic '관례.' While they overlap, 관행 is more general for any repeated practice. By keeping these distinctions in mind—personal vs. group, written vs. unwritten, and cultural vs. functional—you will avoid the most common pitfalls of this word.

그것은 관행이라기보다 법적인 의무입니다. (That is a legal obligation rather than a practice.)

Spelling and Pronunciation: Don't confuse '관행' (practice) with '관광' (tourism). They sound somewhat similar to beginners, but their meanings are entirely unrelated!

우리는 업계의 관행을 존중해야 합니다. (We must respect the practices of the industry.)

To truly master the concept of 관행, it is helpful to compare it with its synonyms and related terms. Each word has a specific flavor and is used in different contexts. By choosing the right alternative, you can convey more precise meaning and demonstrate a higher level of Korean proficiency. The most common alternatives include 관습, 관례, 습관, and 전례. Let's break down how they differ from 관행.

관습 (Gwan-seup) - Custom: This refers to the broader, often older, social customs of a people. While 관행 is about 'practice' (how things are done), 관습 is about the 'custom' (what is socially accepted). '관습' often has a more sociological or anthropological feel.
관례 (Gwan-rye) - Precedent/Formal Custom: This word is often used in formal, diplomatic, or ceremonial contexts. It refers to a 'usual practice' that serves as a standard for formal events. For example, '관례에 따라 환영식을 열었다' (A welcome ceremony was held according to custom/precedent).
전례 (Jeon-rye) - Precedent: This literally means 'a previous example.' It is used when looking for a past case to justify a current action. If there is 'no precedent,' you say '전례가 없다.' While 관행 is an ongoing repeated action, 전례 is a specific past instance that set the tone.

그것은 업계의 일반적인 관행이지만, 법적으로는 문제가 될 수 있습니다. (That is a common practice in the industry, but it can be legally problematic.)

In a more critical or negative context, you might use 구태 (gu-tae), which refers to 'old forms' or 'outdated ways.' This is a very strong word used in politics and media to criticize those who refuse to change. For example, '구태의연한 관행' (stagnant and old-fashioned practices). If you want to talk about a 'habitual' action in a neutral way, 통례 (tong-rye) can be used, meaning 'a common case' or 'a general rule.' For instance, '통례적으로' means 'usually' or 'ordinarily.' Choosing between these depends on whether you are talking about a company (관행), a whole society (관습), a formal ceremony (관례), or a specific past case (전례). This precision is what separates an intermediate learner from an advanced speaker.

우리는 관습과 관행의 차이를 이해해야 합니다. (We must understand the difference between custom and practice.)

이러한 관행은 혁신을 가로막는 장애물입니다. (These practices are obstacles that block innovation.)

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

While '관행' is a formal word, the Hanja 慣 (관) is the same one used in '습관' (habit). This shows the deep linguistic connection between a personal habit and a social practice.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ɡwan.ɦɛŋ/

US /ɡwɑn.hæŋ/

In Korean, syllables generally have equal stress, but a slight emphasis can be placed on the first syllable '관'.

هم‌قافیه با

은행 (eun-haeng - bank) 여행 (yeo-haeng - travel) 진행 (jin-haeng - progress) 실행 (sil-haeng - execution) 동행 (dong-haeng - accompaniment) 비행 (bi-haeng - flight) 유행 (yu-haeng - fashion/trend) 보행 (bo-haeng - walking)

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing '행' as 'heng' (too short).
Confusing the 'g' sound in '관' with a strong 'k'. It should be a soft, unaspirated 'g'.
Dropping the 'n' sound at the end of '관'.
Pronouncing '행' like 'ha-eng' (two syllables) instead of a single syllable.
Confusing it with '관광' (gwan-gwang).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in newspapers and books, but requires understanding of abstract concepts.

نوشتن 5/5

Difficult to use naturally without sounding too formal or clinical.

صحبت کردن 4/5

Useful in professional settings, but beginners might over-rely on it for personal habits.

گوش دادن 3/5

Easily recognizable once the 'Gwan' and 'Haeng' sounds are mastered.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

습관 (Habit) 행동 (Action) 사회 (Society) 회사 (Company) 법 (Law)

بعداً یاد بگیرید

관습 (Custom) 관례 (Precedent) 혁신 (Innovation) 부조리 (Irrationality/Corruption) 정착 (Establishment)

پیشرفته

관습법 (Customary Law) 구태의연 (Stagnant/Old-fashioned) 고착화 (Fixation/Ingraining) 타파 (Breakdown/Overcoming)

گرامر لازم

-는 것이 관행이다

신입 사원이 먼저 인사하는 것이 관행이다.

관행상 + [Verb]

관행상 이 일은 비공개로 진행됩니다.

관행적으로 + [Verb]

우리는 그 일을 관행적으로 처리해 왔습니다.

관행에 + [Verb/Adjective]

이것은 기존 관행에 어긋나는 일입니다.

관행적 + [Noun]

관행적 사고방식에서 벗어나야 합니다.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

학교의 관행이에요.

It's the school's practice.

'관행' is the noun, '이에요' is the polite 'to be' ending.

이것은 오래된 관행입니다.

This is an old practice.

'오래된' (old/long-standing) modifies '관행'.

우리는 관행을 따라요.

We follow the practice.

'따라요' comes from '따르다' (to follow).

그것은 좋은 관행이에요.

That is a good practice.

'좋은' (good) modifies the noun.

새로운 관행을 만들어요.

Let's make a new practice.

'만들어요' (to make) is used here as a suggestion.

회사의 관행을 알아요?

Do you know the company's practice?

Question form ending in '?'.

이 관행은 재미있어요.

This practice is interesting.

'재미있어요' (interesting) describes the practice.

관행은 중요해요.

Practices are important.

'중요해요' (important) is the predicate.

우리 팀의 관행은 아침 회의를 하는 것입니다.

Our team's practice is to have a morning meeting.

'-는 것입니다' turns the verb phrase into a noun phrase.

그는 업계의 관행을 잘 모릅니다.

He doesn't know the industry's practices well.

'잘 모릅니다' (doesn't know well) expresses lack of experience.

전통적인 관행을 지키는 것이 어렵습니다.

It is difficult to keep traditional practices.

'-는 것이 어렵습니다' means 'it is difficult to...'.

잘못된 관행을 바꾸고 싶어요.

I want to change the wrong practices.

'-고 싶어요' expresses desire.

이것은 보통의 관행과 다릅니다.

This is different from the usual practice.

'~와/과 다르다' means 'to be different from'.

우리는 새로운 관행에 익숙해졌습니다.

We have become used to the new practice.

'-어/아지다' indicates a change in state.

관행대로 처리해 주세요.

Please handle it according to practice.

'-대로' means 'according to' or 'as'.

그 관행은 언제 시작되었나요?

When did that practice start?

Past tense question form.

부조리한 관행을 타파하기 위해 노력해야 합니다.

We must work hard to break down irrational practices.

'타파하다' is a formal verb for 'to break down' or 'overcome'.

관행적으로 해오던 일을 멈추고 혁신을 추구합시다.

Let's stop doing things conventionally and pursue innovation.

'관행적으로' is the adverbial form of '관행'.

이러한 관행은 조직의 발전을 가로막습니다.

These practices block the development of the organization.

'가로막다' means 'to block' or 'to obstruct'.

사회적 관행이 시대의 변화를 따라가지 못하고 있습니다.

Social practices are not keeping up with the changes of the times.

'~지 못하고 있다' expresses an ongoing inability.

그 회사는 투명한 경영 관행을 정착시켰습니다.

The company established transparent management practices.

'정착시키다' means 'to make something settle' or 'to establish'.

관행상 명절에는 선물을 주고받는 것이 일반적입니다.

By practice, it is common to exchange gifts during holidays.

'관행상' means 'in terms of practice' or 'as a matter of practice'.

우리는 기존의 관행에서 벗어날 필요가 있습니다.

We need to break away from existing practices.

'~에서 벗어나다' means 'to escape' or 'break away from'.

잘못된 관행이 오랫동안 지속되어 왔습니다.

Wrong practices have been continuing for a long time.

'-어/아 오다' indicates an action that started in the past and continues.

오랜 관행이라는 이유로 불법적인 행위가 용인되어서는 안 됩니다.

Illegal acts should not be tolerated just because they are long-standing practices.

'~라는 이유로' means 'on the grounds that' or 'for the reason that'.

기업의 채용 관행이 더욱 공정하게 바뀌어야 한다는 목소리가 높습니다.

There are loud voices saying that corporate hiring practices must change to be fairer.

'~한다는 목소리가 높다' is an idiomatic way to say 'there is a strong public opinion that...'.

학계의 관행에 따르면 논문의 저자 순서는 기여도에 따라 결정됩니다.

According to academic practice, the order of authors on a paper is decided by contribution.

'~에 따르면' means 'according to'.

정부는 관행적인 예산 낭비를 줄이기 위한 대책을 마련했습니다.

The government has prepared measures to reduce routine waste of the budget.

'마련하다' means 'to prepare' or 'to devise'.

그의 행동은 외교적 관례와 관행을 크게 벗어난 것이었습니다.

His actions were a significant departure from diplomatic customs and practices.

'~을 벗어나다' means 'to deviate from'.

새로운 기술의 도입으로 기존의 작업 관행이 완전히 바뀌었습니다.

The introduction of new technology has completely changed existing work practices.

'~으로 인해/으로' indicates the cause.

관행처럼 굳어진 차별을 없애는 것이 우리의 과제입니다.

Eliminating discrimination that has become hardened like a practice is our task.

'~처럼 굳어지다' is a common metaphor for ingrained habits.

이 보고서는 업계의 최신 관행을 반영하고 있습니다.

This report reflects the latest practices in the industry.

'반영하다' means 'to reflect'.

이러한 관행은 법적 근거가 희박함에도 불구하고 사회 전반에 퍼져 있습니다.

Despite having thin legal grounds, these practices are spread throughout society.

'~임에도 불구하고' means 'despite' or 'in spite of'.

조직 내의 관행적 침묵은 심각한 부정부패를 초래할 수 있습니다.

Conventional silence within an organization can lead to serious corruption.

'초래하다' means 'to bring about' or 'to cause' (usually something negative).

관습법은 오랜 시간 반복된 관행이 법적 확신을 얻었을 때 성립합니다.

Customary law is established when practices repeated over a long time gain legal conviction.

'성립하다' means 'to be established' or 'to come into existence'.

우리는 관행이라는 이름 아래 자행되는 인권 침해를 묵과해서는 안 됩니다.

We must not overlook human rights violations committed under the name of 'practice.'

'묵과하다' means 'to overlook' or 'to condone'.

정치권의 구태의연한 관행은 국민들의 정치 불신을 심화시키고 있습니다.

The stagnant practices of the political sphere are deepening the public's distrust of politics.

'심화시키다' means 'to deepen' or 'to intensify'.

새로운 제도가 성공하려면 현장의 관행을 충분히 고려해야 합니다.

For a new system to succeed, the practices on the ground must be sufficiently considered.

'~하려면' means 'if one intends to...'.

그 논문은 한국 기업의 독특한 경영 관행을 실증적으로 분석했습니다.

The thesis empirically analyzed the unique management practices of Korean companies.

'실증적으로' means 'empirically'.

관행의 변화는 개별 구성원의 인식 전환에서부터 시작됩니다.

Changes in practice begin from the transformation of the perception of individual members.

'~에서부터 시작되다' means 'to start from...'.

법치주의 국가에서 관행이 성문법에 우선할 수는 없으나, 법의 해석에 중대한 영향을 미치기도 합니다.

In a state governed by the rule of law, practice cannot take precedence over statutory law, but it can significantly influence the interpretation of the law.

'~에 우선하다' means 'to take precedence over'.

탈근대 사회에서는 고착화된 관행들이 해체되고 새로운 유동적 질서가 형성되고 있습니다.

In post-modern society, fixed practices are being dismantled, and a new fluid order is being formed.

'고착화되다' means 'to become fixed' or 'ingrained'.

권력 구조의 유지와 재생산은 종종 비가시적인 관행들을 통해 이루어집니다.

The maintenance and reproduction of power structures are often achieved through invisible practices.

'비가시적인' means 'invisible' or 'non-visible'.

이 연구는 관행이 어떻게 제도적 정당성을 획득하는지에 대한 미시적 접근을 시도합니다.

This study attempts a micro-approach to how practices acquire institutional legitimacy.

'~에 대한 접근을 시도하다' means 'to attempt an approach to...'.

혁신적 담론이 실질적인 관행의 변화로 이어지기 위해서는 구조적 뒷받침이 필수적입니다.

For innovative discourse to lead to substantial changes in practice, structural support is essential.

'뒷받침' means 'support' or 'backing'.

역사적으로 볼 때, 많은 관행들은 특정 계급의 이익을 대변하기 위해 고안되었습니다.

From a historical perspective, many practices were designed to represent the interests of a specific class.

'대변하다' means 'to represent' or 'to speak for'.

사회적 관행의 관성은 종종 합리적 판단을 압도하는 강력한 힘을 발휘합니다.

The inertia of social practices often exerts a powerful force that overwhelms rational judgment.

'관성' means 'inertia'.

우리는 관행이라는 이름의 집단적 맹목성에서 벗어나 비판적 성찰을 견지해야 합니다.

We must escape from the collective blindness in the name of practice and maintain critical reflection.

'견지하다' means 'to maintain' or 'to hold fast to' (an attitude or position).

مترادف‌ها

관습 관례 전통 습관

متضادها

혁신 개혁

ترکیب‌های رایج

관행을 따르다

관행을 깨다

부조리한 관행

관행적으로 행해지다

오랜 관행

관행이 굳어지다

업계 관행

관행을 타파하다

일반적인 관행

관행으로 자리 잡다

عبارات رایج

관행상

— In terms of practice or according to custom. Used to explain the reason for an action based on norms.

관행상 이 서류는 부장이 결재합니다.

잘못된 관행

— A wrong or harmful practice. Frequently used in news and social critiques.

잘못된 관행을 바로잡는 것이 급선무입니다.

관행적인 태도

— A routine or conventional attitude. Implies a lack of critical thinking or innovation.

그의 관행적인 태도가 문제를 키웠습니다.

기업 관행

— Corporate practices. Refers to the way companies typically operate.

한국의 독특한 기업 관행에 대해 배웠습니다.

관행을 고수하다

— To adhere to or stick to a practice. Often used when someone refuses to change.

그들은 여전히 과거의 관행을 고수하고 있다.

관행을 무시하다

— To ignore or disregard established practices.

그는 관행을 무시하고 독단적으로 행동했다.

사회적 관행

— Social practices. Norms that govern behavior in a society.

사회적 관행은 시대에 따라 변합니다.

관행을 개선하다

— To improve or reform a practice.

우리는 업무 관행을 개선하기 위해 노력 중입니다.

관행에 어긋나다

— To go against or be contrary to established practice.

그의 제안은 기존 관행에 어긋나는 것이었다.

관행처럼 여겨지다

— To be regarded as a practice. Used when something has become a de facto norm.

야근이 관행처럼 여겨지는 분위기가 문제다.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

관행 vs 습관

Personal habit vs. Group practice. Don't use '관행' for your daily jogging routine.

관행 vs 전통

Cultural value vs. Practical routine. '관행' is more about 'how things are operated' than 'heritage'.

관행 vs 규정

Written rule vs. Actual practice. Sometimes the '관행' contradicts the '규정'.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"관행이라는 이름의 폭력"

— Violence in the name of practice. Used to describe systemic abuse justified by custom.

그것은 관행이라는 이름의 폭력일 뿐입니다.

Formal/Critical

"관행의 굴레"

— The shackles of practice. Refers to being trapped or limited by old ways of doing things.

우리는 관행의 굴레에서 벗어나야 합니다.

Literary

"관행이 칼이 되다"

— Practice becomes a sword. Refers to how customs can be used to harm or exclude others.

잘못된 관행이 누군가에게는 칼이 될 수 있습니다.

Metaphorical

"관행을 뿌리 뽑다"

— To uproot a practice. Means to completely eliminate a deep-seated custom.

부조리한 관행을 뿌리 뽑아야 사회가 투명해집니다.

Formal/Strong

"관행에 젖어 있다"

— To be soaked in practice. Means to be so used to a certain way of doing things that one cannot see its faults.

그는 여전히 낡은 관행에 젖어 살고 있다.

Critical

"관행을 방패 삼다"

— To use practice as a shield. Refers to justifying wrong actions by saying 'it's just the practice.'

그는 관행을 방패 삼아 자신의 실수를 변명했다.

Critical

"관행의 벽"

— The wall of practice. Refers to the difficulty of changing established norms.

개혁안이 관행의 벽에 부딪혔습니다.

Journalistic

"관행을 답습하다"

— To follow the footsteps of practice. Means to repeat the same old ways without improvement.

과거의 관행을 답습하는 것만으로는 부족합니다.

Formal

"관행이 법보다 멀다"

— Practice is further than the law (modified from a common idiom). Means that actual practice often ignores the law.

현장에서는 관행이 법보다 우선시되기도 합니다.

Proverbial

"관행의 늪"

— The swamp of practice. Refers to getting stuck in inefficient or negative routines.

조직이 관행의 늪에 빠져 허우적대고 있다.

Literary

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

관행 vs 관습

Both mean 'custom/practice'.

관습 is broader, social, and often older. 관행 is more specific to a field, office, or modern procedure.

결혼 관습 vs. 업계 관행

관행 vs 관례

Both mean 'customary practice'.

관례 focus on 'precedent' and 'formality/etiquette'. 관행 focuses on 'repeated action/routine'.

외교적 관례 vs. 업무 관행

관행 vs 전례

Both involve past actions.

전례 is a specific 'previous case'. 관행 is a 'general habit' of a group.

전례 없는 사건 vs. 오랜 관행

관행 vs 상례

Both mean 'usual practice'.

상례 is more about 'what is ordinary'. 관행 is about 'how it is practiced'.

그것은 이 바닥의 상례다.

관행 vs 통례

Both mean 'general custom'.

통례 implies a 'general rule' that applies to most cases. 관행 is the 'active practice'.

통례적으로 볼 때...

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

[Noun]의 관행입니다.

우리 회사의 관행입니다.

관행에 따라 [Verb].

관행에 따라 처리했습니다.

[Adjective] 관행을 고치다.

잘못된 관행을 고칩시다.

관행적으로 [Verb]-아/어 오다.

그들은 관행적으로 그렇게 해 왔습니다.

관행상 [Adjective/Verb].

관행상 그것은 불가능합니다.

관행을 타파하고 [Verb].

낡은 관행을 타파하고 새 시대를 엽시다.

관행이라는 이름 아래 [Verb].

관행이라는 이름 아래 행해지는 부정부패.

관행의 고착화는 [Noun]을/를 초래하다.

관행의 고착화는 조직의 정체를 초래합니다.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

관습 (custom)

관례 (precedent)

행위 (action)

관행법 (customary law)

فعل‌ها

관행하다 (to practice - rare, usually use '관행을 따르다')

관행화되다 (to become a practice)

صفت‌ها

관행적 (conventional/habitual)

مرتبط

습관 (habit)

전통 (tradition)

규정 (regulation)

제도 (system/institution)

문화 (culture)

برای دیدن همه مثال‌ها رایگان ثبت‌نام کنید

نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in professional, news, and academic contexts.

اشتباهات رایج

제 관행은 매일 아침 일찍 일어나는 것입니다. → 제 습관은 매일 아침 일찍 일어나는 것입니다.
'관행' is for groups/organizations. For personal habits, use '습관'.
설날에 떡국을 먹는 것은 한국의 관행입니다. → 설날에 떡국을 먹는 것은 한국의 전통(또는 풍습)입니다.
Cultural celebrations are better described as '전통' (tradition) or '풍습' (custom) rather than '관행'.
우리는 새로운 관행을 혁신해야 합니다. → 우리는 낡은 관행을 혁신해야 합니다.
You don't innovate a 'new' practice; you innovate to *replace* an 'old' (낡은) or 'wrong' (잘못된) practice.
이것은 법이 아니라 관행입니다. → 이것은 성문법이 아니라 관행(또는 관습법)입니다.
In legal contexts, '관행' is often contrasted with '성문법' (statutory/written law) rather than just '법' (law) in general.
관행을 만들다 (for a personal habit) → 습관을 들이다
To 'form a habit' is '습관을 들이다'. '관행을 만들다' sounds like you are establishing a company policy.

نکات

Use for Group Norms

Always remember that '관행' implies a collective behavior. If you are talking about what 'we' do or 'they' do as a group, this is the right word.

Check the Adjective

Pay attention to words like '낡은' (old/worn-out) or '부조리한' (irrational) that often come before '관행.' This tells you the speaker's critical stance.

Business Contexts

In a Korean office, use '관행상' to explain why you are following a certain procedure. It sounds very professional and knowledgeable.

Pair with '따르다'

The most common and natural verb to use with '관행' is '따르다' (to follow). '관행을 따르다' is a safe and common collocation.

Learn '관행화'

The word '관행화되다' means 'to become a practice.' It's a great verb to describe how new behaviors become the norm.

News Keyword

When you hear '관행' on the news, get ready for a discussion about social or corporate reform. It's a major keyword in investigative journalism.

Academic Tone

In formal writing, use '관행' instead of '늘 하는 일' (things always done) to elevate your register.

Social Pressure

Understand that '관행' often implies a level of social pressure. People follow them not because they want to, but because it's expected.

Don't confuse with '관광'

Beginners often mix up '관행' (practice) and '관광' (tourism). One is about rules, the other is about travel!

Softening Criticism

If you need to criticize a rule, calling it a '잘못된 관행' (wrong practice) can sometimes sound more objective and less like a personal attack.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of 'Gwan' (관) as 'Group' and 'Haeng' (행) as 'Handling things.' 관행 is how a GROUP HANDLES things.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a group of office workers all wearing the same color tie because of an unwritten rule. That is a '관행.'

شبکه واژگان

관습 (Custom) 관례 (Protocol) 습관 (Habit) 규칙 (Rule) 전통 (Tradition) 부조리 (Corruption) 혁신 (Innovation) 정착 (Establishment)

چالش

Try to find one '관행' (unwritten practice) in your own workplace or school and describe it in Korean using the sentence pattern: '~하는 것이 우리 조직의 관행입니다.'

ریشه کلمه

The word '관행' is derived from Sino-Korean characters (Hanja). It has been used for centuries in administrative and legal contexts in East Asia to describe standardized behaviors.

معنای اصلی: The characters are 慣 (관), meaning 'habit' or 'accustomed to,' and 行 (행), meaning 'to act' or 'to go.' Together, they literally mean 'acting in an accustomed way.'

Sino-Korean (Hanja-eo)

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when calling something a '관행' if you are a guest in a Korean home; it might sound like you are clinicalizing their family traditions. Use '전통' or '관습' instead.

In English, we might use 'Standard Operating Procedure' (SOP) or 'unwritten rule,' but '관행' covers both. It is less formal than 'SOP' but more formal than 'unwritten rule.'

The movie 'Inside Men' (내부자들) depicts many '부조리한 관행' (corrupt practices) in Korean politics. The drama 'Misaeng' (미생) explores the '관행' of Korean office life. News reports often use the term '업계 관행' when discussing the K-pop trainee system.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Business/Workplace

업계 관행
업무 관행
관행을 따르다
관행을 개선하다

Politics/News

부조리한 관행
잘못된 관행
관행을 타파하다
정치적 관행

Law

국제 관행
관습법
법적 관행
관례와 관행

Education

학계 관행
입시 관행
전통적 관행
관행적인 교육

Social Gatherings

사교적 관행
명절 관행
결혼 관행
지역 관행

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"한국 회사의 독특한 관행에 대해 어떻게 생각하세요?"

"당신이 속한 조직에서 가장 바꾸고 싶은 관행이 있나요?"

"최근에 새로 생긴 사회적 관행이 무엇이라고 생각하시나요?"

"관행을 따르는 것과 혁신을 하는 것 중 무엇이 더 중요할까요?"

"외국인으로서 한국에서 이해하기 힘들었던 관행이 있었나요?"

موضوعات نگارش

내가 일하는 곳(또는 학교)의 관행 중 하나를 설명하고, 그것의 장단점을 적어보세요.

과거에는 관행이었지만 지금은 사라진 것들에 대해 생각해보세요.

부조리한 관행을 고치기 위해 우리가 할 수 있는 일은 무엇일까요?

나의 개인적인 습관과 내가 속한 집단의 관행을 비교해 보세요.

관행이 법보다 더 강력한 힘을 가질 때가 언제인지 사례를 들어 써보세요.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, '관행' itself is a neutral word meaning 'practice' or 'custom.' However, in modern Korean society, it is very frequently used in the context of reform (e.g., '잘못된 관행'), which gives it a negative nuance in those specific sentences. If you say '좋은 관행' (good practice), it is perfectly positive.

No, that would sound very strange. For personal routines, use '습관' (habit) or '일과' (daily routine). '관행' is strictly for groups, organizations, or societies.

'관습' (Gwan-seup) is broader and refers to social mores and cultural customs (like bowing). '관행' (Gwan-haeng) is more specific to professional, administrative, or practical routines (like how a company handles overtime).

Yes, very much so. It is used to describe 'customary law' (관습법) or standard commercial practices (상관행) that have legal weight even if they aren't written in the statutes.

You can use the adjective form '관행적' (Gwan-haeng-jeok) or the adverbial form '관행적으로' (Gwan-haeng-jeok-euro).

Common verbs include 따르다 (follow), 깨다 (break), 타파하다 (overcome), 고치다 (fix), and 정착되다 (become established).

Yes, for example, 'the practice of players bowing to the coach' could be described as a '관행' within that sports culture.

It is common in professional life and when discussing the news. It is less common in very casual, everyday small talk unless you are discussing a social issue.

There isn't one direct opposite, but '혁신' (innovation) or '파격' (unconventionality) are often used as counter-concepts.

It's two syllables: Gwan (rhymes with 'don' but with a 'w') and Haeng (rhymes with 'hang' but with an 'ae' sound). Ensure the 'n' in Gwan is clear.

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