제언하다 در ۳۰ ثانیه
- A formal verb for suggesting plans or opinions in professional settings.
- Implies authority and expertise, often used in reports and news.
- More formal than '제안하다' and distinct from personal '조언하다'.
- Commonly paired with policy, research, and institutional improvement.
The Korean verb 제언하다 (提言하다) is a sophisticated term primarily used in formal, academic, or professional settings to describe the act of suggesting an opinion, a plan, or a specific measure. Unlike the more common word '제안하다' (to propose), 제언하다 carries a weight of expertise and formal recommendation. It is the word of choice when an expert, a researcher, or a consultant provides a structured suggestion based on rigorous analysis or findings. When you use this word, you are not just offering a casual idea; you are presenting a formal 'proposition' or 'recommendation' that often implies a path forward for policy-making or institutional change.
- Formal Context
- Used in news reports, academic papers, and government briefings to indicate a formal suggestion for improvement or action.
- Expert Authority
- Implicitly suggests that the person speaking has the authority or knowledge to give such advice.
보고서의 결론 부분에서 연구원은 새로운 교육 정책을 제언하였다.
The nuance of 제언하다 is deeply rooted in its Hanja (Chinese characters). 提 (제) means to 'lift' or 'bring up,' and 言 (언) means 'speech' or 'words.' Together, they signify 'bringing up words' for consideration. In a corporate environment, a consultant might use this word when delivering a final strategy deck to a CEO. It suggests a level of professional distance and respect. If you were to use this word in a casual setting, like suggesting a movie to a friend, it would sound overly stiff and almost comical, as if you were delivering a state address about Netflix.
환경 단체는 플라스틱 사용을 줄이기 위한 구체적인 방안을 정부에 제언했습니다.
Furthermore, 제언하다 is often paired with specific nouns like '정책' (policy), '방안' (measure/plan), and '개선' (improvement). It is the backbone of the 'Conclusion and Recommendations' section in any Korean master's thesis or doctoral dissertation. When a speaker says, "I would like to make a suggestion," in a high-level conference, they would translate that as "제언하고자 합니다." This establishes a professional tone and signals that what follows is a considered, evidence-based opinion designed to benefit the listener or society at large.
학계 전문가들은 저출산 문제 해결을 위한 다각적인 노력을 제언하고 있다.
- Synonym Contrast
- While '제안하다' is more versatile and can be used for business deals or dating, '제언하다' is strictly for formal advice or policy suggestions.
위원회는 시스템의 보안 강화를 제언하며 보고서를 마무리했다.
To master this word, you must understand the social hierarchy and professional context of Korea. Using 제언하다 correctly demonstrates a high level of linguistic competence (C1/C2 level) and an understanding of Korean formal etiquette. It shows you know how to contribute to a discussion without being overly aggressive or too casual. It is the language of diplomacy, academia, and high-level corporate strategy.
Using 제언하다 requires a specific grammatical structure and an understanding of formal sentence endings. Because it is a formal verb, it is rarely seen in the '반말' (informal) form. Instead, you will almost always find it in '하십시오체' (formal polite) or '해요체' (standard polite) in speech, and the 'plain form' (~다) in writing. The most common grammatical pattern is [Noun] + 을/를 + 제언하다, where the noun is the suggestion itself.
- Direct Object Pattern
- The most straightforward way: [Proposal] + 을/를 제언하다. Example: '대책을 제언하다' (propose a countermeasure).
- Quotation Pattern
- When suggesting a specific action: [Verb-기]를 제언하다 or [Clause]라고 제언하다. Example: '개선할 것을 제언하다' (suggest that it should be improved).
그는 회의에서 인력 충원의 필요성을 제언했습니다.
In academic writing, 제언하다 often appears at the end of a paragraph describing a problem. For example, after discussing the dangers of climate change, a writer might say, "Therefore, we suggest the following..." (따라서 다음과 같이 제언하는 바이다). The phrase '제언하는 바이다' is a very formal way to end a sentence in a written document, emphasizing the author's stance.
본 연구는 다음과 같은 정책적 대안을 제언하고자 합니다.
Another frequent usage is in the passive-like structure '제언되다' (to be suggested/proposed). This is used when the focus is on the suggestion itself rather than who made it. For instance, "Many opinions were suggested during the forum" would be "포럼에서 많은 의견이 제언되었다." This is a staple of journalistic Korean, where objectivity is prioritized.
전문가들에 의해 새로운 해결책이 제언되었습니다.
- Common Collocations
- 정책 제언 (policy suggestion), 개선 방향 제언 (suggesting a direction for improvement), 연구 제언 (research suggestion).
이 보고서는 도시 개발을 위한 5가지 핵심 과제를 제언하고 있다.
Finally, when using 제언하다 in a speech, it is often preceded by a humble opening like "부족하지만..." (Although it is lacking...) or "조심스럽게..." (Carefully...). This softens the expert tone and adheres to Korean cultural norms of modesty while still using a high-register word. For example, "조심스럽게 한 가지 제언을 하고자 합니다" (I would like to carefully offer one suggestion).
You are most likely to encounter 제언하다 in environments where formal discourse is the standard. If you watch Korean news channels like KBS, MBC, or SBS, you will hear it during segments covering government policies, economic forums, or social issues. News anchors and reporters use it to describe the recommendations made by think tanks or advisory committees. For example, "The central bank suggested (제언했다) a cautious approach to interest rate hikes."
- Academic Seminars
- Professors and researchers use this word when concluding their presentations to outline what should be done next in their field.
- Corporate Strategy Meetings
- Consultants and department heads use it when presenting quarterly reports to suggest strategic pivots.
뉴스 데스크: "전문가들은 이번 홍수 피해를 막기 위해 댐 증설을 제언했습니다."
In written form, it is ubiquitous in official documents. If you ever have to read a '결과 보고서' (result report) or a '정책 제안서' (policy proposal) in a Korean office, look at the very last section. It is often titled '향후 과제 및 제언' (Future tasks and suggestions). This is where the core value of the document lies—the actionable advice derived from the preceding data.
정부 자문 위원회는 교육 과정 개편안을 제언하는 공청회를 열었다.
Interestingly, you might also hear it in high-level political debates. When a politician wants to sound intellectual and serious about a national issue, they will use 제언하다 instead of the more aggressive '요구하다' (demand) or the simpler '말하다' (say). It frames their suggestion as a constructive contribution to the nation rather than a partisan attack. It is a word that builds bridges in formal dialogue.
야당 의원은 경제 활성화를 위한 세제 개편을 제언하였다.
- Documentary Usage
- Narrators often use it to summarize the conclusions of experts interviewed in the program.
In summary, while you won't hear this at a convenience store or in a casual K-drama romance scene, it is the heartbeat of Korean professional life. Knowing this word allows you to follow serious discussions about the future of Korean society, economy, and technology. It is a key that unlocks a deeper level of Korean media and professional communication.
One of the most frequent mistakes learners make is using 제언하다 in a context that is too casual. Because it is a high-register word, using it with friends or family can make you sound pretentious or socially awkward. For example, saying "I suggest we go to the park" using '제언하다' would be like saying "I formally propose we relocate our leisure activities to the municipal gardens" in English. For casual suggestions, always stick to '제안하다' or '~하는 게 어때?'
- Register Mismatch
- Mistake: Using '제언하다' for lunch plans. Correct: '제안하다' or '추천하다'.
- Confusing with '제안하다'
- While they both mean 'suggest', '제안' is for any idea (business, casual, etc.), while '제언' is specifically for formal advice/opinion.
(Wrong) 친구야, 점심으로 비빔밥을 먹을 것을 제언해.
Another mistake is confusing 제언하다 with 조언하다 (to advise). While they are similar, 조언하다 is usually personal—one person giving advice to another about their personal life or work. 제언하다, on the other hand, is usually about a system, a policy, or a general direction for a group or institution. You '조언' a friend about their breakup, but you '제언' a policy change to the city council.
선배가 나에게 인생에 대해 조언했다 (NOT 제언했다).
Learners also sometimes struggle with the particles. Since it is a '하다' verb derived from a noun, you can use either '제언하다' or '제언을 하다'. However, in formal writing, the combined form '제언하다' is much more common and preferred for its conciseness. Avoid using '제언하다' with informal particles like '하고 있어' in a formal report; use '제언하고 있다' or '제언함' instead.
보고서에는 구체적인 해결책이 제언되어야 합니다.
- Grammar Trap
- Don't use '제언하다' with an indirect object particle like '~에게' if the recipient is a close friend. It is usually directed at '정부', '기관', or '학계'.
Lastly, be careful with the nuance of '권고하다' (to recommend/advise). '권고' is often a stronger recommendation that comes with a sense of 'you really should do this' (like a doctor's recommendation or a legal advisory). '제언' is more about offering an opinion for consideration. It is a subtle difference, but choosing the right one shows you understand the power dynamics of the conversation.
Understanding the field of 'suggestions' in Korean requires looking at several related verbs. While 제언하다 is the most formal for policy and academic contexts, other words are more suitable for different situations. Let's compare them to see when to use which.
- 제안하다 (Propose)
- The most common word. Used for business proposals, suggesting a date, or offering an idea. It is broader and less formal than 제언하다.
- 건의하다 (Suggest to authority)
- Specifically used when an inferior suggests something to a superior or an institution to ask for a change or improvement. Think of it as 'petitioning' or 'making a formal suggestion to the boss'.
- 권고하다 (Advise/Recommend)
- A strong recommendation, often from a position of authority or expertise (like a WHO recommendation). It carries more weight and pressure than a '제언'.
사원들은 회사에 복지 개선을 건의했다.
Another alternative is 추천하다 (to recommend). This is used when you think something is good and want others to try it, like a book, a restaurant, or a person for a job. It is much more positive and personal than the analytical 제언하다. If you are talking about personal advice, use 조언하다 as mentioned before.
이 책은 모든 학생들에게 추천하고 싶습니다.
In some academic contexts, you might also see 제시하다 (to present/suggest). While 제언 is an opinion on what should be done, 제시 is more about showing data, evidence, or a specific option without necessarily advocating for it as strongly as a recommendation. For example, '증거를 제시하다' (to present evidence).
연구원은 문제 해결을 위한 세 가지 모델을 제시했다.
By choosing 제언하다, you are specifically signaling that you are providing a formal, professional opinion intended to guide future policy or academic thought. It is the most 'expert-sounding' word in this group.
مثالها بر اساس سطح
선생님이 좋은 공부 방법을 제언했어요.
The teacher suggested a good study method.
Simple past tense of 제언하다.
그는 새로운 계획을 제언합니다.
He suggests a new plan.
Formal polite ending.
의사가 건강을 위해 운동을 제언했다.
The doctor suggested exercise for health.
Noun + 을 제언하다.
우리는 더 많은 나무를 심자고 제언했다.
We suggested that we should plant more trees.
~자고 (let's) + 제언하다.
책에서 작가는 평화를 제언합니다.
In the book, the author suggests peace.
Simple present tense.
그녀는 학교에 새로운 규칙을 제언했다.
She suggested a new rule to the school.
Recipient + 에 + 제언하다.
뉴스는 안전한 운전을 제언해요.
The news suggests safe driving.
Informal polite ending.
아버지는 가족 여행을 제언하셨다.
Father suggested a family trip.
Honorific ~시 added.
전문가는 깨끗한 물을 마시라고 제언했습니다.
The expert suggested drinking clean water.
~라고 (imperative quote) + 제언하다.
보고서는 에너지 절약을 제언하고 있습니다.
The report is suggesting energy saving.
Progressive form ~고 있다.
회의에서 그는 다른 방향을 제언했다.
In the meeting, he suggested a different direction.
Location + 에서.
시민들은 공원 관리를 제언했습니다.
Citizens suggested park management.
Formal polite past tense.
정부는 경제를 살릴 방법을 제언했다.
The government suggested a way to revive the economy.
Modifier ~ㄹ + 방법.
교수님은 연구의 필요성을 제언하셨습니다.
The professor suggested the necessity of research.
Honorific and formal.
이 글은 환경 보호를 위해 제언하고 있다.
This writing is suggesting for environmental protection.
Written style progressive.
그는 팀의 발전을 위해 제언을 했다.
He made a suggestion for the team's development.
Noun form 제언 + 을 하다.
연구원은 저출산 문제 해결을 위한 대책을 제언했다.
The researcher suggested measures to solve the low birth rate problem.
~을 위한 (for) + Noun.
이 보고서는 교육 시스템의 변화를 강력히 제언한다.
This report strongly suggests changes to the education system.
Adverb '강력히' (strongly).
전문가들은 기후 위기에 대응할 것을 제언했습니다.
Experts suggested responding to the climate crisis.
~을 것 (the act of) + 제언하다.
그는 지역 경제 활성화를 위해 관광 산업 육성을 제언했다.
He suggested fostering the tourism industry to revitalize the local economy.
Complex purpose clause.
위원회는 시스템 보안 강화를 제언하며 회의를 마쳤다.
The committee finished the meeting by suggesting the strengthening of system security.
~하며 (while/as).
본 논문은 노인 복지 정책의 개선 방향을 제언하고자 한다.
This paper intends to suggest a direction for improving elderly welfare policies.
~하고자 하다 (intend to).
많은 학자들이 새로운 기술 도입의 필요성을 제언해 왔다.
Many scholars have been suggesting the necessity of introducing new technology.
~어 오다 (have been doing).
그는 자신의 경험을 바탕으로 실질적인 해결책을 제언했다.
He suggested practical solutions based on his experience.
~을 바탕으로 (based on).
정부 자문 위원회는 탄소 중립 달성을 위한 로드맵을 제언하였다.
The government advisory committee suggested a roadmap for achieving carbon neutrality.
Formal written style.
그는 학술 대회에서 다문화 사회를 위한 교육 모델을 제언했다.
He suggested an educational model for a multicultural society at an academic conference.
Specific professional context.
연구진은 임상 시험 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 치료법을 제언했다.
The research team suggested a new treatment method based on clinical trial results.
Evidence-based suggestion.
이 보고서는 청년 실업 해소를 위한 다각적인 노력을 제언하고 있다.
This report is suggesting multifaceted efforts to resolve youth unemployment.
Abstract noun collocations.
전문가들은 도시 재생 사업의 지속 가능성을 확보할 것을 제언하였다.
Experts suggested securing the sustainability of urban regeneration projects.
Noun clause object.
그는 사회적 약자를 보호하기 위한 법적 장치 마련을 제언했다.
He suggested the establishment of legal mechanisms to protect the socially vulnerable.
Legal/Policy terminology.
위원회는 투명한 경영을 위해 외부 감사를 도입할 것을 제언했습니다.
The committee suggested introducing an external audit for transparent management.
Corporate governance context.
본 연구는 향후 연구를 위해 다음과 같은 몇 가지 사항을 제언하고자 한다.
This study intends to suggest the following few points for future research.
Standard academic conclusion.
심포지엄의 패널들은 4차 산업혁명에 대비한 인재 양성 방안을 제언하였다.
The panels at the symposium suggested plans for fostering talent in preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution.
High-level professional register.
필자는 본 고를 통해 한국 영화 산업의 글로벌 경쟁력 강화를 위한 전략을 제언하는 바이다.
Through this article, the author suggests strategies for strengthening the global competitiveness of the Korean film industry.
~하는 바이다 (formal performative).
국가 인권 위원회는 차별 금지법 제정의 시급성을 정부에 강력히 제언했다.
The National Human Rights Commission strongly suggested to the government the urgency of enacting the Anti-Discrimination Act.
Institutional subject and object.
그는 구조적 모순을 해결하기 위해 근본적인 제도적 개혁이 필요함을 제언하였다.
He suggested that fundamental institutional reform is necessary to solve structural contradictions.
Abstract philosophical/sociological usage.
보고서는 데이터 기반의 의사결정 체계 구축을 핵심 과제로 제언하고 있다.
The report is suggesting the establishment of a data-driven decision-making system as a key task.
Business intelligence context.
전문가 그룹은 생태계 복원을 위해 장기적인 모니터링 시스템 운영을 제언하였다.
The expert group suggested operating a long-term monitoring system for ecosystem restoration.
Environmental science register.
이 논문은 질적 연구 방법론을 활용한 새로운 분석 틀을 제언함으로써 학문적 기여를 하고자 한다.
This paper intends to make an academic contribution by suggesting a new analytical framework using qualitative research methodology.
~함으로써 (by doing).
그는 평화 정착을 위한 다자간 안보 협력 체제 구축을 국제 사회에 제언했다.
He suggested to the international community the establishment of a multilateral security cooperation system for peace settlement.
International relations terminology.
현행법의 맹점을 보완하기 위해 입법론적 관점에서의 정교한 제언이 요구되는 시점이다.
It is a time when sophisticated suggestions from a legislative perspective are required to supplement the blind spots of current laws.
Passive-like '요구되다' with '제언'.
본 연구의 결과는 향후 공공 보건 정책 수립에 있어 유의미한 정책적 제언을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.
The results of this study are expected to provide meaningful policy suggestions in establishing future public health policies.
Complex future expectation structure.
저자는 자본주의의 한계를 극복하기 위한 대안적 경제 모델로서 '공유 경제'의 활성화를 제언한다.
The author suggests the revitalization of the 'sharing economy' as an alternative economic model to overcome the limits of capitalism.
Philosophical/Economic discourse.
위원회의 제언은 단순히 기술적 보완에 그치지 않고, 조직 문화의 전면적인 쇄신을 촉구하고 있다.
The committee's suggestion does not stop at simple technical supplements but urges a total renovation of organizational culture.
Noun form as subject + 촉구하다 (urge).
기존 이론의 한계를 지적하며, 그는 인지 과학적 접근을 통한 새로운 패러다임의 정립을 제언하였다.
Pointing out the limits of existing theories, he suggested the establishment of a new paradigm through a cognitive scientific approach.
Advanced academic critique.
그는 인구 구조의 급격한 변화에 대응하기 위해 정년 연장과 연금 제도 개혁을 패키지로 제언했다.
He suggested retirement age extension and pension system reform as a package to respond to rapid changes in population structure.
Policy bundling context.
전문가들은 기후 변화로 인한 식량 안보 위기를 경고하며, 국제적인 협력 기구 창설을 제언하는 바이다.
Experts warn of the food security crisis caused by climate change and suggest the creation of an international cooperation organization.
C2 level formal performative.
본 고는 디지털 대전환 시대에 부합하는 새로운 윤리 가이드라인의 제정을 강력히 제언하며 결론을 맺는다.
This article concludes by strongly suggesting the enactment of new ethical guidelines suitable for the era of digital great transformation.
Formal concluding sentence.
ترکیبهای رایج
عبارات رایج
— A formal recommendation for a policy change.
이 문서는 정부를 위한 정책 제언을 담고 있다.
— Suggestions for future research at the end of a paper.
마지막 장에는 향후 연구 제언이 포함되어 있다.
— A very formal way to say 'I suggest/propose'.
따라서 본 위원회는 다음과 같이 제언하는 바이다.
— A practical or realistic suggestion.
우리에게는 이론보다 실질적인 제언이 필요하다.
— Suggestions made by experts.
뉴스 기사 끝에 전문가 제언이 실렸다.
— To collect and accept various suggestions.
정부는 각계각층의 제언을 수렴하고 있다.
— To reflect or incorporate suggestions into a final plan.
전문가의 제언을 반영하여 계획을 수정했다.
— To provide many suggestions generously.
그는 후배들을 위해 제언을 아끼지 않았다.
— A piece of writing containing suggestions.
신문에 독자의 제언의 글이 실렸다.
— To elicit or draw out suggestions from a discussion.
토론을 통해 좋은 제언을 이끌어냈다.
اصطلاحات و عبارات
— Bitter medicine is good for the body. Often used when a '제언' is harsh but necessary.
그의 제언은 아프지만 '입에 쓴 약이 몸에 좋다'는 말처럼 우리에게 필요하다.
Summary
제언하다 is the 'expert's suggestion'. Use it in formal writing or presentations when proposing a solution based on analysis. Example: '연구원은 정책 변화를 제언했다' (The researcher suggested a policy change).
- A formal verb for suggesting plans or opinions in professional settings.
- Implies authority and expertise, often used in reports and news.
- More formal than '제안하다' and distinct from personal '조언하다'.
- Commonly paired with policy, research, and institutional improvement.
مثال
연구팀은 도시 교통 문제 해결을 위한 새로운 정책을 제언했다.
