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C1 verb 10 دقیقه مطالعه

onderbouwen

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها onderbouwen در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح onderbouwen in your Level:

The word 'onderbouwen' is very difficult for beginners. At A1, you don't need to use it. Instead, you use 'waarom' (why). If you want to say 'I support my opinion,' you would say: 'Ik zeg waarom ik dat vind' (I say why I think that). 'Onderbouwen' is like saying 'because' but in a very professional way. You might hear it on the news, but you don't need to speak it yet. Just remember it means 'to give reasons for what you say.'

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At the A2 level, you are starting to give more opinions. You might hear a teacher say, 'Kun je dat uitleggen?' (Can you explain that?). 'Onderbouwen' is a more advanced version of 'uitleggen'. It means you have to give facts or examples. For example, if you say 'The Netherlands is beautiful,' you can 'onderbouwen' it by saying 'because there are many flowers and nice cities.' It is a big word that makes you sound very smart.

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At B1, you should recognize 'onderbouwen' in work or school environments. You might be asked to 'onderbouw je keuze' (substantiate your choice) in a simple writing task. This means you shouldn't just say 'I chose this,' but 'I chose this because of reason A and reason B.' It's an important word for passing the Inburgeringsexamen (integration exam) at the B1 level, especially in the speaking and writing sections where you must justify your opinions.

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At B2, you are expected to use 'onderbouwen' actively in professional and academic discussions. You should be able to provide a 'goede onderbouwing' for your viewpoints during a debate. You understand that it's not just about giving a reason, but about providing a solid foundation with data or logical arguments. You also know that the past participle is 'onderbouwd' and you use it to describe well-thought-out plans or ideas.

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At C1, you master the nuances of 'onderbouwen'. You can distinguish it from 'staven', 'beargumenteren', and 'funderen'. You use it to navigate complex professional environments, such as writing policy papers or academic articles. You know it is an inseparable verb and never make the mistake of saying 'ondergebouwd'. You can 'onderbouwen' complex abstract theories and recognize when an opponent's 'onderbouwing' is weak or fallacious.

At the C2 level, 'onderbouwen' is a tool for precision in high-level discourse. You use it to construct intricate rhetorical structures. You might discuss the 'methodologische onderbouwing' (methodological substantiation) of a scientific study or the 'juridische onderbouwing' (legal substantiation) of a court ruling. You use the word and its derivatives (like 'onderbouwbaarheid') with total ease, reflecting a native-level command of formal Dutch logic and argumentation.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

onderbouwen در ۳۰ ثانیه

To provide a solid foundation of facts and arguments for a claim.
A formal Dutch verb for substantiating or underpinning an opinion.
Essential in Dutch academic and professional life for justifying choices.
An inseparable verb used with the preposition 'met' (with).

The Dutch verb onderbouwen is a sophisticated and essential term in the Dutch language, particularly within professional, academic, and intellectual spheres. At its core, it translates to 'to substantiate,' 'to underpin,' or 'to support with evidence.' While the English word 'support' is a common translation, onderbouwen carries a more structural connotation. Imagine building a house; the 'onderbouw' is the foundation or the substructure. Without it, the house collapses. Similarly, in Dutch thought, an opinion or a claim without an onderbouwing is seen as shaky or invalid.

Etymological Foundation: The word is a compound of 'onder' (under) and 'bouwen' (to build). It literally means to build something underneath to provide stability. In modern usage, this 'building' is done with facts, data, logical reasoning, or examples.

You will encounter this word most frequently in contexts where a choice has been made and that choice needs to be justified. It is not enough to simply state a preference; in Dutch culture, which prizes 'zakelijkheid' (businesslike efficiency) and logic, you are expected to onderbouwen your stance. Whether you are a student writing a thesis, a manager proposing a new strategy, or a politician defending a law, your success depends on how well you can onderbouwen your position.

De advocaat wist zijn pleidooi met overtuigend bewijs te onderbouwen.

In everyday life, the word is used slightly less formally but remains high-register. If a friend makes a bold claim about a movie being 'the worst ever,' you might jokingly ask: 'Kun je dat ook onderbouwen?' (Can you also support that with arguments?). This implies that a simple 'I didn't like it' isn't enough; you want specific reasons or examples of bad acting, poor directing, or a weak script.

Register and Nuance: It is a C1-level word because it requires an understanding of abstract argumentation. It differs from 'bewijzen' (to prove). 'Bewijzen' is absolute, often mathematical or scientific. 'Onderbouwen' is about providing the rationale and context that makes a conclusion logical.

Het is belangrijk om je keuzes in het rapport goed te onderbouwen voor de directie.

Finally, the word is often used in the passive voice or as a past participle acting as an adjective. A 'goed onderbouwde mening' (a well-founded opinion) is a high compliment in Dutch intellectual circles. It suggests that the person has done their homework and isn't just speaking from emotion. In a society that values consensus (the Polder Model), the ability to onderbouwen is the key to persuasion and reaching a middle ground.

Using onderbouwen correctly requires attention to its grammatical structure. It is an inseparable verb (onscheidbaar werkwoord), meaning the prefix 'onder' stays attached to 'bouwen' in all conjugations. Unlike 'opbouwen' (to build up), where you say 'Ik bouw het op,' for onderbouwen, you say 'Ik onderbouw het.'

Common Grammatical Patterns: 1. [Subject] + [onderbouwt] + [Direct Object] + [met + Evidence].
2. [Subject] + [is] + [onderbouwd]. (Passive/Adjectival)

The most common preposition used with onderbouwen is met (with). You substantiate a claim with facts, with figures, or with arguments. For example: 'De onderzoeker onderbouwt zijn hypothese met nieuwe data.' (The researcher substantiates his hypothesis with new data). Note that the direct object is usually an abstract noun like 'mening' (opinion), 'besluit' (decision), 'stelling' (proposition), or 'plan' (plan).

Hij kon zijn kritiek niet onderbouwen, waardoor niemand hem serieus nam.

In formal writing, you will often see the noun form onderbouwing. For instance: 'Er is geen wetenschappelijke onderbouwing voor deze bewering' (There is no scientific substantiation for this claim). This is a very frequent phrase in news articles and academic papers. If you want to sound professional, use the noun form to describe the quality of an argument.

Sentence Variation: You can also use 'waarmee' to link sentences: 'Dit zijn de feiten waarmee we ons voorstel onderbouwen.' (These are the facts with which we substantiate our proposal).

Zorg ervoor dat je elke bewering in je scriptie goed onderbouwt.

When speaking, keep in mind that onderbouwen is a 'heavy' word. If you use it in a very casual setting (like deciding which pizza to order), it might sound slightly ironic or overly serious. However, in any discussion involving a difference of opinion, it is the perfect tool to demand more depth from your interlocutor: 'Hoe onderbouw je dat precies?' (How exactly do you support that?).

To truly master onderbouwen, you need to recognize the environments where it thrives. This is not a word of the street; it is a word of the office, the lecture hall, and the television studio. If you watch Dutch news programs like NOS Journaal or talk shows like Op1, you will hear it constantly during political debates.

The Political Arena: Politicians are frequently accused of having 'gebrekkige onderbouwing' (flawed substantiation) for their policies. A journalist might ask: 'Hoe onderbouwt het kabinet de noodzaak van deze bezuinigingen?' (How does the cabinet substantiate the necessity of these cuts?).

In the Dutch education system, from secondary school (VWO level) through university, onderbouwen is a core skill. Teachers don't just want the correct answer; they want to see how you onderbouwt your conclusion. In an exam, you might see the instruction: 'Motiveer je antwoord en onderbouw dit met voorbeelden uit de tekst' (Motivate your answer and support this with examples from the text).

In de rechtszaal moet de officier van justitie de beschuldiging feitelijk onderbouwen.

In the corporate world, specifically during 'functioneringsgesprekken' (performance reviews), you will hear this word. If you want a promotion, you must onderbouwen why you deserve it by pointing to your achievements and KPIs. Likewise, if a consultant presents a new strategy, the first question from the board will likely be about the 'onderbouwing' of the projected growth figures.

Scientific Research: In science, 'empirische onderbouwing' (empirical substantiation) is the gold standard. Without it, a theory is merely a 'speculatie' (speculation). Scientists spend their careers trying to onderbouw their findings through rigorous testing.

De commissie vraagt om een betere financiële onderbouwing van het projectplan.

Lastly, in the legal system, a judge's verdict must be 'gebaseerd op een deugdelijke onderbouwing' (based on sound substantiation). Every legal decision refers back to specific laws and evidence, which serve as the foundation. If you are ever in a Dutch court or reading legal documents, 'onderbouwen' will be the verb that connects the evidence to the final judgment.

Even advanced learners—and sometimes native speakers—make specific errors with onderbouwen. The most frequent mistake is treating it as a separable verb. Because 'onder' is often a separable prefix (like in 'ondergaan' when it means 'to go down/sink'), people are tempted to say 'Ik bouw mijn mening onder.' This is incorrect. It is always 'Ik onderbouw mijn mening.'

The 'Ge-' Trap: A very common error is saying 'ondergebouwd' for the past participle. Since the verb is inseparable, the 'ge-' prefix is not used at all, or rather, the verb follows the pattern of verbs where the prefix takes the place of 'ge-'. The correct past participle is simply 'onderbouwd'.

Another nuance is the confusion between onderbouwen and bewijzen. Learners often use 'bewijzen' (to prove) when they actually mean 'onderbouwen'. 'Bewijzen' implies a 100% certainty, like a DNA match or a mathematical equation. 'Onderbouwen' is about providing arguments and context. If you say 'Ik ga mijn mening bewijzen,' it sounds a bit arrogant or logically impossible, as opinions usually cannot be 'proven' in a scientific sense. Use onderbouwen instead.

Fout: Het plan is goed ondergebouwd.
Goed: Het plan is goed onderbouwd.

There is also a prepositional error. Some learners try to use 'door' or 'van' instead of 'met'. While you can say 'onderbouwen door middel van' (substantiating by means of), the standard, most natural preposition is 'met'. Saying 'onderbouwen van feiten' is grammatically incorrect; it should be 'onderbouwen met feiten'.

Contextual Misuse: Using 'onderbouwen' for physical objects is a mistake. You don't 'onderbouw' a physical wall (you 'stut' or 'versterkt' it). 'Onderbouwen' is almost exclusively for abstract concepts like theories, opinions, and plans.

Fout: Ik bouw mijn argumenten onder.
Goed: Ik onderbouw mijn argumenten.

Finally, watch out for the 'over-onderbouwing'. In Dutch culture, while logic is valued, being overly pedantic can be seen as 'haarkloverij' (hair-splitting). However, in a formal setting, you can never go wrong with a well-placed onderbouwing. Just ensure that the evidence you provide is actually relevant to the point you are making.

Dutch has several words that overlap with onderbouwen, and choosing the right one depends on the register and the specific context. Understanding these nuances will elevate your Dutch from functional to fluent.

Onderbouwen vs. Beargumenteren: Onderbouwen: Focuses on the foundation (facts, data, external evidence).
Beargumenteren: Focuses on the logic and the reasoning process itself. You 'beargumenteert' why you think something by explaining your train of thought.

Another high-level synonym is staven. This is very formal and often used in legal or official contexts. It means 'to confirm' or 'to back up'. You might say: 'De getuigenverklaring staaft de bewering van het slachtoffer' (The witness statement backs up the victim's claim). It is less about building a foundation and more about providing a single piece of confirming evidence.

Je kunt je mening ook motiveren, maar dat is vaak persoonlijker dan onderbouwen.

Funderen is a direct synonym that also uses the building metaphor (fundering = foundation). It is often used in philosophical or deeply theoretical contexts. 'Een goed gefundeerde kritiek' is criticism that is rooted in a deep understanding of the subject matter. It is almost interchangeable with 'onderbouwd', but 'onderbouwd' is much more common in daily professional life.

Comparison Table

Onderbouwen: General professional term for adding evidence.
Staven: Formal/Legal term for confirmation.
Motiveren: Explaining the 'why' behind a personal choice or action.
Hardmaken: Idiomatic term for proving/substantiating a claim.

De wetenschapper probeerde zijn nieuwe theorie te funderen op bestaande wetten.

When you are in a more casual setting, you might simply use 'uitleggen waarom' (explain why) or 'bewijzen' (prove). However, if you want to sound like a native speaker who understands the importance of logical structure, onderbouwen remains your best choice. It shows that you are not just talking, but that you are constructing a solid argument.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

The word 'onderbouw' is also used in Dutch schools to refer to the 'lower years' (usually years 1-3 of secondary school), while 'onderbouwen' is what those students are learning to do in their essays!

راهنمای تلفظ

UK /ˌɔndərˈbʌuwən/

US /ˌɑndərˈbaʊən/

On the third syllable: on-der-BOU-wen.

هم‌قافیه با

vertrouwen vrouwen bouwen jouwen klouwen douwen snouwen trouwen

خطاهای رایج

Stressing the first syllable (ON-der-bou-wen).
Pronouncing the 'ou' like 'oo' (onderboewen).
Separating the prefix in speech (Ik bouw onder).
Adding a 'g' sound in the middle.
Failing to pronounce the final 'n' (common in many dialects, but 'onderbouwe' is informal).

سطح دشواری

خواندن 4/5

Common in newspapers and textbooks, essential for understanding formal Dutch.

نوشتن 7/5

Requires knowledge of inseparable verb conjugation and formal register.

صحبت کردن 6/5

Using it correctly makes you sound very fluent, but pronunciation of 'ou' can be tricky.

گوش دادن 5/5

Easy to recognize once you know the root 'bouwen'.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

bouwen onder waarom omdat mening

بعداً یاد بگیرید

staven beargumenteren funderen legitimeren verifiëren

پیشرفته

epistemologie causaliteit methodologie argumentatieleer

گرامر لازم

Inseparable Verbs (Onscheidbare Werkwoorden)

Ik onderbouw (not: Ik bouw onder).

Past Participle of Inseparable Verbs

Het is onderbouwd (no 'ge-').

Using 'om te' + Infinitive

Ik gebruik cijfers om mijn plan te onderbouwen.

Prepositional Objects with 'met'

Onderbouwen met [noun phrase].

Noun formation with -ing

De onderbouwing (The substantiation).

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

Ik zeg waarom ik dat vind.

I say why I think that.

A1 alternative to 'onderbouwen'.

Geef een reden.

Give a reason.

Simple imperative.

Waarom is dat zo?

Why is that so?

Basic question structure.

Ik vind dit leuk omdat het blauw is.

I like this because it is blue.

Using 'omdat' to provide a simple foundation.

Hij legt het uit.

He explains it.

Separable verb 'uitleggen'.

Is het waar?

Is it true?

Basic 'to be' question.

Ik heb een plan.

I have a plan.

Subject + verb + object.

Kijk naar de feiten.

Look at the facts.

Imperative with preposition.

Kun je je mening uitleggen?

Can you explain your opinion?

Modal verb 'kunnen' + infinitive.

Ik heb goede redenen voor mijn keuze.

I have good reasons for my choice.

Plural noun 'redenen'.

De leraar vraagt om meer informatie.

The teacher asks for more information.

Verb 'vragen om'.

Dit is niet waar, ik kan het laten zien.

This is not true, I can show it.

Compound sentence.

Mijn antwoord is gebaseerd op het boek.

My answer is based on the book.

Passive construction 'gebaseerd op'.

Hij vertelt een verhaal met voorbeelden.

He tells a story with examples.

Prepositional phrase 'met voorbeelden'.

Waarom denk je dat?

Why do you think that?

Standard 'why' question.

Ik gebruik data voor mijn rapport.

I use data for my report.

Present tense.

Je moet je antwoord beter onderbouwen.

You must substantiate your answer better.

Modal verb + infinitive 'onderbouwen'.

Hoe onderbouw je dat besluit?

How do you substantiate that decision?

Present tense question.

Zijn mening is goed onderbouwd.

His opinion is well-substantiated.

Past participle 'onderbouwd' used as an adjective.

Ik onderbouw mijn plan met cijfers.

I substantiate my plan with figures.

Inseparable verb conjugation.

Zonder onderbouwing is het plan waardeloos.

Without substantiation, the plan is worthless.

Noun form 'onderbouwing'.

Kun je een voorbeeld geven om het te onderbouwen?

Can you give an example to support it?

Infinitive with 'om te'.

De journalist vraagt naar de onderbouwing van de wet.

The journalist asks about the substantiation of the law.

Noun + prepositional phrase.

Zij onderbouwde haar kritiek met feiten.

She substantiated her criticism with facts.

Past tense 'onderbouwde'.

Het is essentieel om je stelling wetenschappelijk te onderbouwen.

It is essential to scientifically substantiate your proposition.

Adverbial use of 'wetenschappelijk'.

De directie eist een sterke financiële onderbouwing.

The board demands a strong financial substantiation.

Adjective + noun 'financiële onderbouwing'.

Hij onderbouwt zijn argumenten met recente onderzoeksresultaten.

He substantiates his arguments with recent research results.

Compound noun 'onderzoeksresultaten'.

Deze bewering is nauwelijks te onderbouwen.

This claim can hardly be substantiated.

'Te' + infinitive construction.

We moeten onze strategie beter onderbouwen voor de klant.

We need to better substantiate our strategy for the client.

Comparative 'beter'.

De onderbouwing van het vonnis was zeer uitgebreid.

The substantiation of the verdict was very extensive.

Genitive-like construction 'van het vonnis'.

Zij wist haar standpunt krachtig te onderbouwen.

She managed to powerfully substantiate her standpoint.

Verb 'weten te' (managed to).

Elk punt in de offerte moet worden onderbouwd.

Every point in the quote must be substantiated.

Passive voice 'worden onderbouwd'.

De auteur verzuimt zijn theoretisch kader adequaat te onderbouwen.

The author fails to adequately substantiate his theoretical framework.

Formal verb 'verzuimen'.

Een gedegen onderbouwing is het fundament van elke academische publicatie.

A sound substantiation is the foundation of every academic publication.

Formal adjective 'gedegen'.

Men tracht de nieuwe maatregelen te onderbouwen met sociaal-economische data.

They are trying to substantiate the new measures with socio-economic data.

Formal pronoun 'men' and verb 'trachten'.

De kritiek op het beleid was niet alleen fel, maar ook feitelijk onderbouwd.

The criticism of the policy was not only fierce, but also factually substantiated.

Correlative conjunction 'niet alleen... maar ook'.

Het is lastig om morele oordelen rationeel te onderbouwen.

It is difficult to rationally substantiate moral judgments.

Abstract philosophical context.

De advocaat onderbouwde de onschuld van zijn cliënt met een waterdicht alibi.

The lawyer substantiated his client's innocence with an airtight alibi.

Metaphorical adjective 'waterdicht'.

Deze hypothese wordt onderbouwd door een reeks complexe experimenten.

This hypothesis is substantiated by a series of complex experiments.

Passive voice with 'door'.

Zonder een logische onderbouwing blijft de theorie louter speculatief.

Without a logical substantiation, the theory remains purely speculative.

Formal adverb 'louter'.

De epistemologische onderbouwing van dit paradigma is aan hevige kritiek onderhevig.

The epistemological substantiation of this paradigm is subject to fierce criticism.

Extremely formal academic terminology.

Het betoog was meesterlijk onderbouwd met een amalgaam van historische en sociologische bronnen.

The argument was masterfully substantiated with an amalgam of historical and sociological sources.

Sophisticated vocabulary ('amalgaam').

Men dient de causale verbanden in de analyse nauwgezet te onderbouwen.

One must meticulously substantiate the causal links in the analysis.

Formal verb 'dienen te'.

De beleidsnota ontbeert een coherente visie en een deugdelijke onderbouwing.

The policy memorandum lacks a coherent vision and sound substantiation.

Formal verb 'ontberen'.

Hij trachtte de ontologische status van het object te onderbouwen middels fenomenologische reductie.

He sought to substantiate the ontological status of the object through phenomenological reduction.

High-level philosophical discourse.

De statistische onderbouwing van de correlatie bleek bij nader inzien ondeugdelijk.

The statistical substantiation of the correlation proved to be unsound upon closer inspection.

Fixed expression 'bij nader inzien'.

Een juridisch onderbouwde claim heeft een grotere kans van slagen bij het Europese Hof.

A legally substantiated claim has a greater chance of success at the European Court.

Complex legal context.

Het is de taak van de wetenschapper om elke aanname rigoureus te onderbouwen.

It is the task of the scientist to rigorously substantiate every assumption.

Adverb 'rigoureus'.

ترکیب‌های رایج

wetenschappelijk onderbouwen

feitelijk onderbouwen

financieel onderbouwen

goed onderbouwd

gebrekkig onderbouwd

een mening onderbouwen

een besluit onderbouwen

met argumenten onderbouwen

met cijfers onderbouwen

theoretisch onderbouwen

عبارات رایج

Kunt u dat onderbouwen?

— A standard question asking for evidence or reasons.

U zegt dat het plan niet werkt. Kunt u dat onderbouwen?

Een deugdelijke onderbouwing

— A solid, reliable foundation for an argument.

Zonder deugdelijke onderbouwing wordt het plan afgewezen.

Beter onderbouwen

— To improve the quality of the evidence provided.

Je moet je scriptie echt beter onderbouwen.

Voldoende onderbouwd

— Having enough evidence to be acceptable.

Is deze claim wel voldoende onderbouwd?

Een gebrek aan onderbouwing

— A situation where no evidence or logic is provided.

Er is een groot gebrek aan onderbouwing in dit rapport.

Onderbouwen met voorbeelden

— Using specific instances to support a general point.

Hij onderbouwt zijn theorie met voorbeelden uit de praktijk.

Logisch onderbouwen

— Using a step-by-step reasoning process.

Je moet je conclusie logisch onderbouwen.

Een rapport onderbouwen

— Providing the research behind a written document.

We moeten dit rapport goed onderbouwen voor de klant.

Je keuze onderbouwen

— Explaining the logic behind a decision.

In de toets moet je je keuze onderbouwen.

Feitenvrije onderbouwing

— An ironic phrase for an argument with no facts.

Dat is een nogal feitenvrije onderbouwing.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

onderbouwen vs opbouwen

Opbouwen means to build up (construction or accumulation), while onderbouwen means to provide a foundation for an argument.

onderbouwen vs ondergaan

Ondergaan means to undergo or to set (of the sun). It is often separable, unlike onderbouwen.

onderbouwen vs bewijzen

Bewijzen is 'to prove' (absolute), while onderbouwen is 'to substantiate' (providing supporting arguments).

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"Geen poot hebben om op te staan"

— To have no foundation or support for an argument (related concept).

Zonder bewijs heb je geen poot om op te staan.

informal

"De basis leggen voor"

— To create the foundation that will later be substantiated.

Dit onderzoek legt de basis voor de onderbouwing.

neutral

"Iets met feiten om de oren slaan"

— To provide so much substantiation that the opponent is overwhelmed.

Hij sloeg de commissie met feiten om de oren.

informal

"Een fundament bouwen"

— Literally building a foundation; often used metaphorically like onderbouwen.

We bouwen een fundament voor onze nieuwe visie.

neutral

"Het staat als een huis"

— Said of an argument that is so well-substantiated it cannot be moved.

Zijn onderbouwing staat als een huis.

neutral

"Luchtkastelen bouwen"

— The opposite of onderbouwen: creating ideas with no foundation.

Zonder data ben je alleen maar luchtkastelen aan het bouwen.

informal

"De vinger op de zere plek leggen"

— Identifying the weak point in someone's substantiation.

De criticus legde direct de vinger op de zere plek in de onderbouwing.

neutral

"Iets hard kunnen maken"

— Being able to prove or substantiate a claim definitively.

Kun je die beschuldiging ook hard maken?

neutral

"Zand in de ogen strooien"

— Providing false substantiation to distract from the truth.

Hij probeert ons zand in de ogen te strooien met die cijfers.

informal

"Kort door de bocht"

— An argument that lacks proper substantiation and is too simplistic.

Dat is wel erg kort door de bocht; je moet het beter onderbouwen.

neutral

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

onderbouwen vs Onderbouwen

Sounds like it could be separable.

It is inseparable. You never say 'bouw onder'.

Ik onderbouw mijn visie.

onderbouwen vs Motiveer

Both involve giving reasons.

Motiveren is about the 'why' (motivation), onderbouwen is about the 'how' (evidence).

Motiveer je sollicitatie.

onderbouwen vs Staven

Both mean support.

Staven is usually for confirming a specific fact; onderbouwen is for the whole argument.

De getuige staaft de bewering.

onderbouwen vs Toelichten

Both mean to explain.

Toelichten is 'to clarify' or 'elaborate', onderbouwen is to 'provide proof'.

Kunt u uw antwoord toelichten?

onderbouwen vs Funderen

Both use the foundation metaphor.

Funderen is more abstract/philosophical; onderbouwen is more common in business.

Een goed gefundeerde theorie.

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Ik onderbouw mijn [mening] met [voorbeelden].

Ik onderbouw mijn mening met voorbeelden.

Het is belangrijk om [iets] goed te onderbouwen.

Het is belangrijk om je keuzes goed te onderbouwen.

De [onderbouwing] van [het voorstel] laat te wensen over.

De onderbouwing van het voorstel laat te wensen over.

Zij wist haar [stelling] [wetenschappelijk] te onderbouwen.

Zij wist haar stelling wetenschappelijk te onderbouwen.

Middels [data] tracht men [het beleid] te onderbouwen.

Middels data tracht men het beleid te onderbouwen.

Zonder [onderbouwing] kunnen we [niets doen].

Zonder onderbouwing kunnen we het plan niet aannemen.

Hoe onderbouw je [dat]?

Hoe onderbouw je dat?

Een [goed onderbouwd] [verhaal] is essentieel.

Een goed onderbouwd verhaal is essentieel.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

onderbouwing (substantiation)

onderbouw (foundation/substructure)

onderbouwer (one who substantiates)

فعل‌ها

onderbouwen (to substantiate)

صفت‌ها

onderbouwd (substantiated)

onderbouwbaar (substantiatable)

مرتبط

opbouwen (to build up)

verbouwen (to renovate)

afbouwen (to phase out)

bebouwen (to build upon)

bouwwerk (structure)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

High in professional/academic contexts; low in casual street slang.

اشتباهات رایج

Ik bouw mijn mening onder. → Ik onderbouw mijn mening.
Onderbouwen is an inseparable verb. You cannot split it like 'opbouwen'.
Het is goed ondergebouwd. → Het is goed onderbouwd.
Inseparable verbs do not get 'ge-' in the past participle.
Ik onderbouw mijn plan door feiten. → Ik onderbouw mijn plan met feiten.
The standard preposition is 'met'. 'Door' is usually for the agent in a passive sentence.
Kun je dat onderbouwen met een bewijs? → Kun je dat onderbouwen met bewijs?
'Bewijs' is often uncountable in this context. Using 'een' is less natural.
De muur is onderbouwd. → De muur is gestut.
Onderbouwen is for abstract things (ideas), not physical objects like walls.

نکات

Don't separate!

Always keep 'onder' and 'bouwen' together. 'Ik onderbouw mijn plan' is the only correct way. Treat it like one long word that never breaks.

Use 'met'

Always pair the verb with 'met' when adding evidence. 'Onderbouw het met voorbeelden.' This is the most natural-sounding construction.

Professionalism

Use this word in job interviews. Saying 'Ik kan mijn resultaten onderbouwen' sounds much more impressive than 'Ik kan mijn resultaten laten zien'.

The Dutch Way

Remember that Dutch people value logic. If you make a claim, be prepared to 'onderbouwen' it immediately. It's not seen as rude to ask for an 'onderbouwing'.

Thesis Tip

In your thesis, use the noun 'onderbouwing' in your chapter titles (e.g., 'Theoretische onderbouwing') to show a clear structure.

Stress the 'Bouw'

Make sure the stress is on the 'bouw' part. on-der-BOU-wen. This helps distinguish it from 'onderbouw' (the noun).

Avoid 'ge-'

Write 'onderbouwd' in your past tense sentences. If you write 'ondergebouwd', a Dutch person will immediately see you are a learner.

News Watch

Listen to political debates on 'NOS'. You will hear 'onderbouwing' used as a weapon to challenge opponents' promises.

Under-Build

Just think: 'Under-build'. You are building a base under your words. If the base is strong, the words stay up.

Switch it up

If you've used 'onderbouwen' too many times, switch to 'beargumenteren' for the logic or 'staven' for the facts.

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of an UNDER-ground BUILDING. To 'onder-bouwen' an argument, you must build a basement of facts under it so it doesn't fall over.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a speech bubble with a solid brick wall built underneath it. The bricks are labeled 'Facts', 'Data', and 'Logic'.

شبکه واژگان

argumenten feiten bewijs logica fundering mening besluit scriptie

چالش

Try to use 'onderbouwen' three times today: once at work/school, once in a text message, and once while thinking about your own opinions.

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Middle Dutch words 'onder' and 'bouwen'. It has been used since the 17th century in a literal architectural sense and evolved into an abstract rhetorical sense in the 19th and 20th centuries.

معنای اصلی: To build a foundation or support structure beneath a building.

Germanic (Dutch). Cognate with German 'unterbauen'.

بافت فرهنگی

There are no major sensitivities, but be careful not to sound too aggressive when asking someone to 'onderbouwen' their opinion, as it can be interpreted as a direct challenge to their intelligence.

English speakers often just say 'support' or 'back up'. Using 'onderbouwen' makes your Dutch sound much more academic and professional than using 'helpen' or 'steunen'.

Dutch scientific journals (e.g., 'Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde') frequently use this word in abstracts. The 'Algemene Rekenkamer' (Court of Audit) uses it to critique government spending. Legal textbooks like 'Inleiding tot het Nederlandse Recht'.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

University / Academic Writing

Deze stelling wordt onderbouwd door...
Een gebrek aan wetenschappelijke onderbouwing
De auteur onderbouwt zijn claim met...
Methodologische onderbouwing

Business Meetings

We moeten dit financieel onderbouwen.
Hoe onderbouwt u deze groeicijfers?
Een goed onderbouwd voorstel
De onderbouwing van de ROI

Legal / Courtroom

De advocaat onderbouwt de onschuld.
Het vonnis is deugdelijk onderbouwd.
Wettelijke onderbouwing
Feitelijke onderbouwing van de eis

Politics / News

De minister onderbouwt het beleid.
Er is kritiek op de onderbouwing.
Maatschappelijke onderbouwing
Het kabinet moet de cijfers onderbouwen.

Education / Teaching

Onderbouw je antwoord.
Gebruik de tekst om te onderbouwen.
Een onvoldoende onderbouwing
Leerlingen moeten hun mening onderbouwen.

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Hoe zou jij jouw standpunt over thuiswerken onderbouwen?"

"Kun je de noodzaak van deze nieuwe regel onderbouwen met voorbeelden?"

"Wat is volgens jou de beste manier om een salarisverhoging te onderbouwen?"

"Vind je dat politici hun plannen altijd genoeg onderbouwen?"

"Hoe onderbouw je de claim dat Nederlands een moeilijke taal is?"

موضوعات نگارش

Schrijf over een beslissing die je onlangs hebt genomen en onderbouw waarom dit de juiste keuze was.

Onderbouw je mening over het gebruik van kunstmatige intelligentie in het onderwijs.

Wat is een 'goed onderbouwde mening' volgens jou? Beschrijf de kenmerken.

Beschrijf een situatie waarin iemand zijn mening niet kon onderbouwen. Wat gebeurde er?

Onderbouw waarom jij vindt dat je de Nederlandse taal op C1-niveau moet beheersen.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

No, 'onderbouwen' is an inseparable verb. This means the prefix 'onder' stays with 'bouwen' in all forms. For example, you say 'Ik onderbouw' and not 'Ik bouw onder'. In the past participle, it is 'onderbouwd' without the 'ge-' prefix.

'Bewijzen' means 'to prove' and implies absolute certainty, like in math or science. 'Onderbouwen' means 'to substantiate' or 'to support' and is used for arguments, opinions, and plans where you provide strong evidence but not necessarily an absolute proof.

'De onderbouwing' is the noun form. Use it when you want to talk about the quality or the existence of the evidence itself. For example: 'De onderbouwing van dit rapport is zwak' (The substantiation of this report is weak).

Yes, but it sounds a bit formal. It's like using 'substantiate' in English. In a casual setting, you might say 'Kun je dat uitleggen?' (Can you explain that?). However, if you're having a serious discussion, 'onderbouwen' is perfectly fine.

The most common preposition is 'met' (with). You 'onderbouwt' something 'met feiten' (with facts) or 'met argumenten' (with arguments). Sometimes 'door' is used in passive sentences.

No, 'ondergebouwd' is a common mistake made by both learners and native speakers. The correct past participle is 'onderbouwd'. Avoid 'ondergebouwd' at all costs in formal writing.

It means 'scientifically substantiated'. It is a very common phrase used to describe products, diets, or theories that are backed by actual scientific research.

Originally, yes, it meant to build a foundation. However, in modern Dutch, it is almost exclusively used figuratively for arguments and ideas. For physical support, words like 'stutten' or 'funderen' are more common.

While you might learn it at B2, mastering its use in complex arguments and knowing its formal synonyms makes it a C1-level word. It is essential for academic success in the Netherlands.

You can say 'goed onderbouwd'. For example: 'Een goed onderbouwde mening' (A well-founded opinion).

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