A2 · مقدماتی فصل 2

فعل‌های بی‌قاعده‌ی پرتغالی: بیا، بیار، بگو، بذار!

4 مجموع قواعد
44 مثال‌ها
7 دقیقه
قواعد این فصل

Chapter in 30 Seconds

Master the four essential irregular verbs that form the backbone of everyday Portuguese conversation and movement.

  • Conjugate 'vir', 'trazer', 'dizer', and 'pôr' in the present tense.
  • Distinguish between coming (vir) and bringing (trazer) in social contexts.
  • Use 'pôr' and its common derivatives like 'propor' or 'compor'.
Stop translating, start flowing with Portuguese's most powerful verbs.

چی یاد می‌گیری

هی دوست من! تا الان کلی از پرتغالی رو یاد گرفتی و راه افتادی، نه؟ آفرین بهت! حالا وقتشه یه پله بریم بالاتر و بریم سراغ اون فعل‌های شیطون و بی‌قاعده که هر روز ازشون استفاده می‌کنیم. نگران نباش، اصلا سخت نیست، فقط یه کم قلق داره که با هم یادش می‌گیریم. تو این فصل جذاب، قراره چهار تا از مهم‌ترین فعل‌های بی‌قاعده رو یاد بگیریم: 'vir' (اومدن)، 'trazer' (آوردن)، 'dizer' (گفتن) و 'pôr' (گذاشتن). مثلاً، وقتی می‌خوای بگی «دوستم داره میاد پیشم»، دیگه اشتباه نمی‌کنی! یا وقتی می‌خوای یه چیزی رو برای یکی بیاری، می‌دونی چطور بگی «من برات می‌آرم». یاد می‌گیری چطور از 'dizer' برای گفتن حرفات استفاده کنی، مثلاً «من می‌گم فلان چیزو». وای، فعل 'pôr' که خودش کلی مشتق داره و با یاد گرفتنش، یه عالمه فعل دیگه رو هم یاد می‌گیری. می‌دونی چرا اینا اینقدر مهمن؟ چون توی مکالمه‌های روزمره، توی هر جمله‌ای ممکنه سروکلشون پیدا بشه. وقتی اینارو مسلط بشی، خیلی طبیعی‌تر و روان‌تر حرف می‌زنی. دیگه لازم نیست به زور دنبال جمله بگردی؛ کلمات خودشون میان! آخر این فصل، تو می‌تونی با اطمینان کامل بگی کی داره میاد، چی داری میاری، چی می‌خوای بگی و حتی چطور یه چیزی رو یه جا بذاری. آماده‌ای برای این چالش شیرین؟ بزن بریم که پرتغالی رو حسابی یاد بگیریم!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. 1
    By the end you will be able to invite someone over using the correct form of 'vir'.
  2. 2
    By the end you will be able to describe what you are bringing to a party using 'trazer'.
  3. 3
    By the end you will be able to report what someone else is saying using 'dizer'.
  4. 4
    By the end you will be able to organize a space by using 'pôr' to describe placing items.

راهنمای فصل

مرور کلی

Welcome to an exciting step in your Portuguese grammar A2 journey! You've successfully navigated the basics, and now it's time to supercharge your communication skills by tackling some of the most essential — and frequently used — irregular verbs. Don't let the word irregular intimidate you; these verbs are incredibly common, meaning that mastering them will unlock a significant leap in your ability to speak naturally and confidently.
This chapter is designed to make these seemingly tricky verbs approachable and easy to understand.
We're focusing on four powerhouse verbs: vir (to come), trazer (to bring), dizer (to say/tell), and pôr (to put). These aren't just random verbs; they are the bedrock of daily conversations. Think about how often you talk about people coming over, bringing something, saying what you think, or putting things in their place.
By learning their unique conjugations and common uses, you'll stop translating in your head and start expressing yourself with the fluidity of a native speaker.
This guide is perfect for A2 Portuguese learners looking to solidify their foundation and expand their conversational repertoire. By the end, you'll be able to confidently use these irregular verbs Portuguese in various contexts, making your Portuguese sound much more authentic and expressive. Get ready to boost your fluency and confidently navigate everyday interactions!

این گرامر چطور کار می‌کنه

Let's dive into the fascinating world of these essential irregular verbs, breaking down their conjugations and common uses. Understanding these patterns is key to mastering Portuguese conjugation and speaking more naturally.
Coming vs Going: The Verb VIR
The verb vir means to come. It's irregular, especially in the present tense. It's crucial to distinguish it from ir (to go). You *come* towards the speaker, and you *go* away from the speaker.
* Eu venho (I come)
* Tu vens (You come - informal)
* Ele/Ela/Você vem (He/She/You come - formal)
* Nós vimos (We come)
* Vós vindes (You all come - formal/plural, rarely used in Brazil)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês vêm (They/You all come - formal/plural)
* Example: Eu venho de Portugal. (I come from Portugal.)
* Example: Vocês vêm à festa? (Are you all coming to the party?)
The Verb Trazer: Bringing Things to You (trazer)
Trazer means to bring and is irregular, particularly in its eu form. It's used when something is being moved towards the speaker or a designated location.
* Eu trago (I bring)
* Tu trazes (You bring)
* Ele/Ela/Você traz (He/She/You bring)
* Nós trazemos (We bring)
* Vós trazeis (You all bring)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês trazem (They/You all bring)
* Example: Eu trago os livros amanhã. (I'll bring the books tomorrow.)
* Example: Ele traz o bolo para a festa. (He brings the cake for the party.)
Saying Things: The Verb Dizer (To Say/Tell)
The verb dizer means to say or to tell and is highly irregular, especially in the first person singular. It's fundamental for expressing thoughts and relaying information.
* Eu digo (I say/tell)
* Tu dizes (You say/tell)
* Ele/Ela/Você diz (He/She/You say/tell)
* Nós dizemos (We say/tell)
* Vós dizeis (You all say/tell)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês dizem (They/You all say/tell)
* Example: Eu digo a verdade. (I tell the truth.)
* Example: O que você diz sobre isso? (What do you say about that?)
The Irregular 'Put': Pôr & Derivatives
Pôr means to put or to place and is one of the most irregular verbs in Portuguese, even having an –or ending instead of the typical -ar, -er, -ir. Its derivatives (like compor - to compose, dispor - to dispose, propor - to propose) follow similar irregular patterns.
* Eu ponho (I put)
* Tu pões (You put)
* Ele/Ela/Você põe (He/She/You put)
* Nós pomos (We put)
* Vós pondes (You all put)
* Eles/Elas/Vocês põem (They/You all put)
* Example: Eu ponho a mesa para o jantar. (I set the table for dinner.)
* Example: Ele propõe uma nova ideia. (He proposes a new idea.)

اشتباهات رایج

  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu vou para a sua casa.
    (meaning "I'm coming to your house")
✓ Correct:
Eu venho à sua casa.
(I'm coming to your house.)
*Explanation:* Vir (to come) is used when the direction of movement is towards the speaker or the place where the speaker is or will be. Ir (to go) implies movement away from the speaker. In English, we often use go for this, but in Portuguese, vir is correct when you're moving towards the listener's location.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu trago a verdade.
    (meaning
    I say the truth
    )
✓ Correct:
Eu digo a verdade.
(I tell the truth.)
*Explanation:* Trazer means to bring a physical object or concept, while dizer means to say or to tell words or information. Confusing the two can lead to nonsensical sentences.
  1. 1✗ Wrong:
    Eu pôr o livro na mesa.
✓ Correct:
Eu ponho o livro na mesa.
(I put the book on the table.)
*Explanation:* The infinitive form pôr is not used as a conjugated verb in the present tense. The correct first-person singular present tense conjugation is ponho. This is a very common error due to the highly irregular nature of this verb.

مکالمات واقعی

A

A

Oi, Maria! Você vem para a minha festa amanhã? (Hi, Maria! Are you coming to my party tomorrow?)
B

B

Claro! Eu trago umas bebidas. (Of course! I'll bring some drinks.)
A

A

O que você diz sobre o novo filme? (What do you say about the new movie?)
B

B

Eu digo que é muito bom, mas um pouco longo. (I say it's very good, but a bit long.)
A

A

Onde eu ponho as chaves, por favor? (Where do I put the keys, please?)
B

B

Você pode pôr na mesinha da entrada. (You can put them on the small table by the entrance.)

سؤالات رایج

Q

Why are vir and ir so often confused by A2 Portuguese learners?

They are confused because English often uses go in situations where Portuguese requires vir (to come), especially when the destination is the listener's location. Understanding the direction relative to the speaker is key.

Q

What's the main difference between dizer and falar in Portuguese?

Dizer means to say or to tell (what was said), often implying content or specific words. Falar means to speak or to talk, focusing on the act of speaking or communication in general.

Q

Are there other common derivatives of pôr that I should know?

Yes, many! Some common ones include compor (to compose), depor (to depose), expor (to expose), impor (to impose), propor (to propose), and supor (to suppose). Their conjugations often follow a similar irregular pattern to pôr.

بافت فرهنگی

These irregular verbs Portuguese are deeply embedded in daily interactions. Vir and trazer are essential for social invitations and offers, reflecting the warmth and hospitality common in Portuguese-speaking cultures. Dizer is foundational for expressing opinions, sharing news, and storytelling, which are central to social bonding.
Pôr is incredibly versatile, used not just for physically placing objects but also in many idiomatic expressions, like pôr a mesa (to set the table) or pôr um fim (to put an end to). Mastering them allows you to participate more authentically in everyday conversations and understand subtle nuances in communication.

نکات و ترفندها (4)

⚠️

مراقب کلمه Vimos باش!

کلمه Nós vimos هم می‌تونه یعنی «ما می‌آییم» (حال) و هم «ما دیدیم» (گذشته فعل دیدن). به کلماتی مثل امروز یا دیروز دقت کن:
Nós vimos hoje.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: آمدن یا رفتن: فعل Vir
🎯

ترفند حرف G

اگه یادت باشه فعل fazer می‌شد faço، حالا trazer هم همون‌طوری می‌شه trago. کلاً فعل‌های بی‌قاعده پرتغالی عاشق تغییر دادن کنسول‌ها هستن! مثلاً:
Eu trago o vinho.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل Trazer: آوردن چیزها به اینجا (trazer)
💡

تکنیک Z به G

فقط برای «من» (Eu) حرف Z به G تبدیل می‌شه. مثل کلمه «Lego» یادش بگیر: Eu digo.
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: گفتن چیزها: فعل Dizer (گفتن/خبر دادن)
💬

برزیل در مقابل پرتغال

توی برزیل خیلی وقت‌ها به جای Pôr از فعل راحت‌ترِ 'botar' استفاده می‌کنن، ولی توی پرتغال همون Pôr خیلی رایج‌تره: «Vou botar این کلمه رو توی برزیل زیاد می‌شنوی.»
frontend.learn_grammar.from_rule: فعل بی‌قاعده 'گذاشتن': Pôr و مشتقات آن

واژگان کلیدی (6)

cá / aqui here a verdade the truth a mesa the table cedo early presente gift / present sempre always

Real-World Preview

home

Inviting a friend over

utensils

Setting the scene

Review Summary

  • Eu venho, Você vem, Nós vimos, Eles vêm
  • Eu trago, Você traz, Nós trazemos, Eles trazem
  • Eu digo, Você diz, Nós dizemos, Eles dizem
  • Eu ponho, Você põe, Nós pomos, Eles põem

اشتباهات رایج

Confusing 'vir' (to come) with 'ver' (to see). 'Vejo' means 'I see', while 'Venho' means 'I come'.

Wrong: Eu vejo aqui amanhã.
صحیح: Eu venho aqui amanhã.

Using 'trazer' (bring) instead of 'levar' (take). Use 'trazer' only if the object is coming toward the speaker's current location.

Wrong: Eu trago o livro para a escola.
صحیح: Eu levo o livro para a escola.

Using the infinitive 'por' (or the preposition 'por') instead of the conjugated form 'ponho'. Remember the 'nh' in the first person!

Wrong: Eu por o livro na mesa.
صحیح: Eu ponho o livro na mesa.

Next Steps

You've just tackled some of the trickiest verbs in the language. With these under your belt, your Portuguese is becoming much more dynamic and natural. Keep practicing these forms—they are the keys to the city!

Write 5 sentences about what you 'say' and 'bring' to your Portuguese class.

Record yourself saying the conjugations of 'pôr' to practice the nasal 'õe' sound.

Continue to: مقصد و مهلت‌ها: راز "پارا"

سوالات رایج (6)

vêm (با یک e و کلاه) از فعل آمدن میاد. veem (با دو e) از فعل دیدن میاد. یادت باشه برای دیدن دو تا چشم (e) لازمه! مثل:
Eles veem o filme.
چون فعل 'vir' بی‌قاعده است. کلمه Viro در واقع یعنی «من می‌چرخم» (از فعل virar). پس Eu venho بگو تا دور خودت نچرخی!
یعنی «آوردن». وقتی چیزی یا کسی رو به سمت جایی که الان هستی یا قراره باشی حرکت می‌دی ازش استفاده کن. مثل:
Eu trago o presente.
نه، بی‌قاعده‌ست. مخصوصاً برای من که می‌شه trago و برای او که می‌شه traz.
این یه بی‌قاعدگی از ریشه لاتینشه. خیلی از فعل‌های پرتغالی که به -er ختم می‌شن، توی اول شخص حرف 'g' می‌گیرن. مثل: Eu digo.
توی برزیل گاهی جای هم استفاده می‌شن، ولی گرامر دقیق می‌گه Dizer برای محتواست و Falar برای عمل حرف زدن. مثلاً: Ele diz que....
فصل قبلی
پایه رو محکم کن، حرفاتو وصل کن!
فصل بعدی
مقصد و مهلت‌ها: راز "پارا"
برگشت به نقشه راه