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A1 adjective 8 دقیقه مطالعه

hudoben

تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها hudoben در ۳۰ ثانیه

توضیح hudoben in your Level:

At the A1 level, 'hudoben' is introduced as a basic adjective to describe character, similar to 'mean' or 'bad'. Students learn it to describe villains in stories or people who are not nice. The focus is on the masculine 'hudoben' and feminine 'hudobna'. You will use it in simple sentences like 'He is mean' (On je hudoben). It helps you distinguish between things that are poor quality ('slab') and people who have a bad personality. At this stage, you don't need to worry about complex cases, just the basic nominative form used with the verb 'to be' (biti). You will often see it paired with 'čarovnica' (witch) or 'volk' (wolf) in simple reading exercises. It is a fundamental building block for describing the world in binary terms of good and bad. Learners should practice the pronunciation of the long 'o' and remember that the 'e' disappears when they talk about a woman (hudobna).

At the A2 level, you begin to use 'hudoben' in more varied contexts and start applying basic case endings. You might describe a situation as 'hudobno' (neuter) or talk about 'hudobni ljudje' (plural). You learn that this word is specifically about intent. For example, you can distinguish between someone being 'hud' (angry) at you and someone being 'hudoben' (malicious). You will encounter the word in short stories and dialogues where characters express feelings about others' behavior. You also start to see the comparative form 'bolj hudoben' (more mean). The goal is to move beyond just 'mean' and understand 'hudoben' as a way to describe unkind actions. You might also learn the noun 'hudobnež' (a mean person). Practice using it with common nouns like 'pes' (dog), 'sosed' (neighbor), or 'načrt' (plan).

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At the B1 level, you should be comfortable declining 'hudoben' in all cases and using it to describe abstract concepts like 'hudobne misli' (evil thoughts). You will learn to use it in more complex sentence structures, including subordinate clauses. For instance: 'Mislim, da je bil njegov komentar zelo hudoben' (I think his comment was very mean). You also start to explore synonyms like 'zloben' and 'nesramen', understanding the subtle differences between them. You might discuss moral dilemmas or character motivations in books. The focus shifts to the nuance of 'malice'—why is someone being 'hudoben'? You will also encounter the word in more formal texts, such as news articles or editorials discussing social issues. Your vocabulary expands to include related words like 'hudobija' (malice/evil deed).

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At the B2 level, 'hudoben' is used to analyze literature and discuss complex human emotions. You understand that 'hudoben' can be subjective and that a character might be perceived as 'hudoben' due to their circumstances. You can use the word in debates about ethics or psychology. For example, 'Ali se človek rodi hudoben, ali to postane?' (Is a person born evil, or do they become so?). You are expected to use the word with precision, distinguishing it from 'perverzen' (perverted), 'pokvarjen' (corrupt), or 'ciničen' (cynical). You will also recognize the word in idiomatic expressions and historical contexts. You can write essays describing the 'hudobna narava' (evil nature) of certain historical figures or fictional antagonists using a wide range of supporting vocabulary.

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At the C1 level, your use of 'hudoben' is sophisticated and nuanced. You can use it to describe subtle psychological manipulation or 'hudobna ironija' (malicious irony). You understand its place in the history of the Slovenian language and how its meaning has shifted. You can use it in academic discussions about theodicy (the problem of evil) or in literary criticism to describe the 'hudobni podton' (evil undertone) of a text. You are familiar with archaic or poetic variations and can use the word to create specific stylistic effects in your own writing. You can also discuss the socio-linguistic aspects of the word—how 'hudoben' might be used differently in different dialects or social strata. Your mastery includes the ability to use the word in highly formal, legal, or philosophical contexts without hesitation.

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At the C2 level, you have a near-native grasp of 'hudoben' and all its connotations. You can appreciate the word's use in the highest forms of Slovenian poetry and prose, such as the works of France Prešeren or Ivan Cankar. You can engage in deep philosophical debates about the nature of 'hudobija' versus 'zlo'. You understand the most obscure idioms and can use the word with perfect precision to convey the exact shade of malice intended. You can also analyze the etymological roots of the word and its cognates in other Slavic languages to explain its unique Slovenian development. At this level, 'hudoben' is just one tool in a vast arsenal of descriptors, and you know exactly when it is the most impactful word to choose. You can even use it ironically or subversively in creative writing to challenge traditional moral categories.

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تمرین کن مثال‌ها نکات و راهنمایی‌ها

hudoben در ۳۰ ثانیه

Hudoben means mean or evil in character.
It is different from 'slab' (poor quality) and 'hud' (angry).
It changes endings based on gender (hudoben, hudobna, hudobno).
Commonly used in fairy tales and to describe malicious intent.

The Slovenian adjective hudoben is a primary word used to describe someone or something that is morally wrong, malicious, or intentionally unkind. At its core, it translates to 'evil', 'wicked', or 'mean' in English. While it can range from the 'wicked witch' of a fairy tale to a 'mean child' on the playground, the underlying sentiment is always one of negative intent. In the Slovenian language, the distinction between being 'bad' at a skill and being 'bad' in character is quite sharp; slab refers to poor quality, whereas hudoben refers to a malicious spirit.

Moral Nature: The word describes an internal state of malice. It is used when a person enjoys the suffering of others or acts with the intent to cause harm.

V pravljicah je volk vedno hudoben.

Understanding the context is vital. In a casual setting, if a friend plays a prank that is slightly too far, you might call them hudoben in a semi-serious way. However, in legal or formal contexts, it takes on the weight of 'malicious intent'. The word follows standard Slovenian adjective declension patterns, changing its ending based on the gender and case of the noun it modifies. For example, 'hudobna ženska' (a mean woman) or 'hudobni ljudje' (evil people). It is one of the first adjectives learned because it is essential for describing character traits in storytelling and basic human interactions. Historically, the word is linked to the concept of 'bitterness' or 'sharpness', suggesting a personality that 'bites' or causes pain. In modern usage, it is frequently used in media to describe villains or criminal acts that are particularly heartless. When you hear this word, think of the 'Wicked Witch of the West'—that is the quintessential personification of being hudoben. It is not just about making a mistake; it is about the desire to do wrong.

Frequency: It is a high-frequency word in literature and children's stories, though less common in technical or scientific discourse unless discussing psychology or ethics.

Njegov hudoben načrt je spodletel.

Using hudoben correctly requires attention to gender, number, and case, as is typical with Slovenian adjectives. The masculine singular form is hudoben, the feminine is hudobna, and the neuter is hudobno. When describing a person, you must match the adjective to their gender. For example, 'On je hudoben' (He is mean) versus 'Ona je hudobna' (She is mean). In plural forms, it becomes hudobni (masculine), hudobne (feminine), or hudobna (neuter).

Attributive Use: When placed before the noun: 'Hudobna mačeha' (The wicked stepmother). Here, the adjective defines the noun directly.

Ne bodi tako hudoben do svojih prijateljev.

Furthermore, the word can be used substantively, meaning 'the evil one' (hudobnež). When you want to intensify the meaning, you can use adverbs like 'zelo' (very) or 'izjemno' (extremely). 'Zelo hudoben človek' means a very evil person. It is also important to note the comparative and superlative forms: bolj hudoben (more evil) and najbolj hudoben (most evil). While some adjectives have synthetic comparatives, hudoben usually takes the periphrastic form with 'bolj'. In everyday speech, you might hear it used to describe weather or objects colloquially, but this is less common than describing character. For instance, 'hudoben veter' (a wicked wind) implies a wind that feels intentionally biting.

Case Changes: Genitive: hudobnega (masc/neut), hudobne (fem). Dative: hudobnemu (masc/neut), hudobni (fem). Accusative: hudobnega/hudoben (masc), hudobno (fem).

Videla sem hudobno dejanje, ki me je pretreslo.

The word hudoben is ubiquitous in Slovenian culture, particularly in the realm of folklore and children's literature. Slovenia has a rich tradition of folk tales where the 'hudobni duhovi' (evil spirits) or the 'hudobna mačeha' (wicked stepmother) play central roles. These stories are often the first place a Slovenian child encounters the word. Beyond fairy tales, it is common in news reporting when describing particularly heinous crimes or 'hudobna dejanja' (evil acts). In religious contexts, 'hudoben' is often used to describe the devil ('hudobec') or sinful behavior.

Cinema and Media: In dubbed movies, 'hudoben' is the standard translation for 'evil' (e.g., 'The Evil Dead' or describing a Disney villain).

V filmu je bil glavni junak sprva hudoben, nato pa se je spremenil.

In daily conversation, it is used to vent about someone's malicious behavior. If a boss is unnecessarily cruel, employees might whisper that he is 'hudoben'. It also appears in idiomatic expressions regarding the 'evil eye' (hudobno oko), a superstition common in many Mediterranean and Slavic cultures. In school settings, teachers might use it to discourage bullying, telling students not to be 'hudobni' to one another. The word resonates with a sense of moral judgment that is deeply ingrained in the social fabric. Whether you are reading a classic novel by Ivan Cankar or watching a modern Slovenian drama, the word hudoben serves as a powerful descriptor for the darker side of human nature.

Literature: Slovenian literature often explores the struggle between 'dobro' (good) and 'hudobno' (evil), reflecting the nation's historical struggles.

Nihče ne mara hudobnih ljudi, ki širijo laži.

One of the most frequent errors for English speakers learning Slovenian is confusing hudoben with hud. While they share the same root, their meanings have diverged significantly in modern usage. Hud usually means 'angry' (e.g., 'Oče je hud name' - Father is angry with me) or 'severe/extreme' (e.g., 'hud mraz' - severe cold). If you say someone is 'hud', you might just mean they are currently upset. If you say they are 'hudoben', you are attacking their fundamental character as being evil. Another common mistake is failing to drop the 'e' when declining the masculine form. Learners often say 'hudobena' instead of the correct 'hudobna'.

Slab vs. Hudoben: 'Slab' means poor quality (a bad car, a bad grade). 'Hudoben' is about moral malice. Don't say 'hudoben avto' unless the car is literally possessed by a demon.

Nisem hud, sem pa žalosten, ker si bil hudoben.

Additionally, learners sometimes overuse 'hudoben' when 'nesramen' (rude) or 'neprijazen' (unfriendly) would be more appropriate for minor slights. Calling someone 'hudoben' is a heavy charge in Slovenian culture. It implies a level of cruelty that goes beyond simple rudeness. Another nuance involves the word 'zloben', which is a very close synonym. While often interchangeable, 'zloben' can sometimes feel even more sinister or 'wicked' in a literary sense. Finally, be careful with word order; while Slovenian is flexible, placing the adjective after the noun (e.g., 'človek hudoben') is usually reserved for poetic or archaic emphasis.

False Friends: In some Slavic languages, related roots might mean 'brave' or 'good', but in Slovenian, 'hud' and 'hudoben' are strictly negative or intense.

Ne mešaj besede hud s pomenom hudoben.

To truly master Slovenian, you need to know the alternatives to hudoben and when to use them. The most common synonym is zloben. While they are often used interchangeably, zloben is directly derived from 'zlo' (evil) and can carry a slightly more formal or philosophical weight. Nesramen is another frequent alternative, but it specifically means 'rude' or 'shameless'. If someone doesn't say thank you, they are nesramni, but if they steal a child's toy just to watch them cry, they are hudobni.

Zloben vs. Hudoben: Zloben: More focused on the abstract concept of evil. Hudoben: More common in daily speech and fairy tales.

Ta film prikazuje zlobne sile teme.

Another interesting alternative is neprijazen (unfriendly). This is a softer way to describe someone who isn't necessarily evil but is just not nice. For more extreme cases, you might use krut (cruel) or neizprosen (relentless/merciless). In a literary context, vražji (devilish) can be used, though it sometimes carries a playful connotation (like a 'devilish' grin). Understanding these nuances allows you to be more precise in your descriptions. If you're talking about a politician who is dishonest, 'pokvarjen' is better. If you're talking about a bully, 'hudoben' or 'zloben' fits. If you're talking about someone who is just cold and distant, 'hladen' or 'neprijazen' is the way to go.

Comparison Table: - Hudoben: Malicious, mean (general). - Zloben: Wicked, evil (philosophical). - Nesramen: Rude, cheeky. - Krut: Physically or emotionally cruel.

Njegova kruta narava je vsem znana.

چقدر رسمی است؟

نکته جالب

In some other Slavic languages like Russian, 'hudo' still mainly means 'badly' or 'poorly', but in Slovenian, the meaning shifted towards intensity and moral malice.

راهنمای تلفظ

UK xuˈdɔːbən

US huˈdoʊbən

The stress is on the second syllable: hu-DO-ben.

هم‌قافیه با

posodoben odobren podoben spodoben

خطاهای رایج

Pronouncing the 'e' in all forms (it should drop in feminine/plural).
Making the 'h' too soft (it should be audible).
Stressing the first syllable.

سطح دشواری

خواندن 2/5

Easy to recognize in texts, especially stories.

نوشتن 3/5

Must remember to drop the 'e' when declining.

صحبت کردن 3/5

Requires correct stress on the second syllable.

گوش دادن 2/5

Clear pronunciation makes it easy to catch.

بعداً چه یاد بگیریم؟

پیش‌نیازها

dober slab biti človek zelo

بعداً یاد بگیرید

zloben nesramen hudobija hudič krut

پیشرفته

ontologija moralnost zlonamernost pokvarjenost perverznost

گرامر لازم

Adjective Declension

hudoben -> hudobna -> hudobno

Fill-in Vowel (Polglasnik)

The 'e' in hudoben disappears in other cases (hudobnega).

Comparative with 'bolj'

bolj hudoben (more mean).

Superlative with 'najbolj'

najbolj hudoben (the meanest).

Substantive Adjectives

Hudobni (the mean one) can act as a noun.

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مثال‌ها بر اساس سطح

On je hudoben.

He is mean.

Subject + verb 'to be' + adjective.

Hudobna čarovnica ima mačko.

The wicked witch has a cat.

Feminine adjective 'hudobna' modifying 'čarovnica'.

Ne bodi hudoben!

Don't be mean!

Imperative 'ne bodi' + adjective.

To je hudoben volk.

This is an evil wolf.

Masculine adjective 'hudoben'.

Ona ni hudobna.

She is not mean.

Negative 'ni' + feminine adjective.

Hudobni fant se smeje.

The mean boy is laughing.

Definite masculine adjective (ending in -i).

To je hudobno dejanje.

That is a mean act.

Neuter adjective 'hudobno'.

Zakaj si hudoben?

Why are you mean?

Question word 'zakaj'.

Včeraj si bil zelo hudoben do mene.

Yesterday you were very mean to me.

Past tense 'si bil' + adverb 'zelo'.

V pravljici je hudobna mačeha.

In the fairy tale, there is a wicked stepmother.

Locative case 'v pravljici'.

Nočem biti hudoben človek.

I don't want to be a mean person.

Infinitive 'biti' + adjective + noun.

Njegovi načrti so bili hudobni.

His plans were evil.

Plural masculine 'hudobni'.

Ali poznaš to hudobno punco?

Do you know that mean girl?

Accusative feminine 'hudobno'.

To je najbolj hudoben pes v vasi.

This is the meanest dog in the village.

Superlative 'najbolj hudoben'.

Bila je hudobna, ker je bila žalostna.

She was mean because she was sad.

Conjunction 'ker'.

Hudobni ljudje nimajo prijateljev.

Mean people don't have friends.

Plural nominative 'hudobni'.

Njegov hudoben nasmeh me je prestrašil.

His evil smile scared me.

Masculine nominative 'hudoben'.

Govorili so o hudobnih namenih kralja.

They spoke of the king's evil intentions.

Locative plural 'hudobnih'.

Brez hudobnih misli je težko razumeti ta film.

Without evil thoughts, it's hard to understand this movie.

Genitive plural 'hudobnih'.

Postal je bolj hudoben, ko je izgubil službo.

He became meaner when he lost his job.

Comparative 'bolj hudoben'.

Ne morem verjeti, da si tako hudoben.

I can't believe you are so mean.

Conjunction 'da'.

To je le hudobna govorica.

That is just a malicious rumor.

Feminine nominative 'hudobna'.

Njegova hudobna narava je končno prišla na dan.

His evil nature finally came to light.

Feminine nominative 'hudobna'.

Kljub hudobnim besedam sem mu odpustila.

Despite the mean words, I forgave him.

Dative plural 'hudobnim' after 'kljub'.

Film raziskuje mejo med dobrim in hudobnim.

The film explores the boundary between good and evil.

Substantive use in the neuter singular.

Njegova hudobna dejanja so imela hude posledice.

His evil deeds had severe consequences.

Note the difference between 'hudobna' (evil) and 'hude' (severe).

V družbi se pogosto soočamo s hudobnimi pojavi.

In society, we often face evil phenomena.

Instrumental plural 'hudobnimi'.

Nihče ne more zanikati njegove hudobne inteligence.

No one can deny his wicked intelligence.

Genitive feminine 'hudobne'.

Zdelo se je, da je svet postal hudoben kraj.

It seemed that the world had become an evil place.

Masculine nominative 'hudoben'.

Njegov komentar je bil prežet s hudobno ironijo.

His comment was imbued with malicious irony.

Instrumental feminine 'hudobno'.

Hudobni jeziki pravijo, da bo podjetje propadlo.

Malicious tongues say the company will fail.

Idiom 'hudobni jeziki'.

Bila je žrtev hudobne spletke.

She was the victim of an evil plot.

Genitive feminine 'hudobne'.

Kritik je hudobno raztrgal njegovo novo knjigo.

The critic maliciously tore apart his new book.

Adverbial use 'hudobno'.

Njegova hudobna nagnjenja so bila opazna že v otroštvu.

His evil tendencies were noticeable even in childhood.

Plural neuter 'hudobna'.

Pisatelj mojstrsko opisuje hudobno razpoloženje v mestu.

The writer masterfully describes the evil mood in the city.

Accusative neuter 'hudobno'.

Ne gre le za nesramnost, temveč za hudobno namero.

It's not just about rudeness, but about malicious intent.

Contrast between 'nesramnost' and 'hudobna namera'.

Njegov hudoben genij je bil usmerjen v uničevanje.

His evil genius was directed toward destruction.

Masculine nominative 'hudoben'.

V tej pesmi hudobna usoda igra glavno vlogo.

In this poem, evil fate plays the lead role.

Feminine nominative 'hudobna'.

Soočiti se moramo s hudobno realnostjo vojne.

We must face the evil reality of war.

Instrumental feminine 'hudobno'.

Njegov hudoben smeh je odmeval po dvorani.

His evil laughter echoed through the hall.

Masculine nominative 'hudoben'.

Ontološko vprašanje o izvoru hudobnega ostaja neodgovorjeno.

The ontological question about the origin of evil remains unanswered.

Substantive genitive neuter 'hudobnega'.

Avtor se poglobi v hudobno psiho protagonista.

The author delves into the protagonist's evil psyche.

Accusative feminine 'hudobno'.

Brezno hudobne duše je neizmerno.

The abyss of an evil soul is immeasurable.

Genitive feminine 'hudobne'.

Njegova hudobna retorika je zavedla množice.

His evil rhetoric misled the masses.

Feminine nominative 'hudobna'.

V literaturi Cankarja pogosto srečamo hudobno usodo malega človeka.

In Cankar's literature, we often encounter the evil fate of the common man.

Accusative feminine 'hudobno'.

Hudobna naklepnost je ključni element kaznivega dejanja.

Malicious intent is a key element of the crime.

Legal terminology.

Njegov hudoben vpliv se je širil kot kuga.

His evil influence spread like a plague.

Masculine nominative 'hudoben'.

Svetohlinska hudobna narava je bila skrita pod masko pobožnosti.

The hypocritical evil nature was hidden under a mask of piety.

Adjective sequence.

ترکیب‌های رایج

hudobna čarovnica

hudoben načrt

hudobno dejanje

hudobni jeziki

hudobna mačeha

hudoben nasmeh

hudobne misli

hudoben človek

hudobno oko

hudobna volja

عبارات رایج

iz hudobne volje

— Doing something out of malice or spite.

To je storil le iz hudobne volje.

hudobni duhovi

— Evil spirits often found in folklore.

Verjeli so v hudobne duhove.

biti hudoben do koga

— To be mean or cruel to someone.

Ne bodi hudoben do sestre.

hudobna usoda

— Evil or cruel fate.

Zadela ga je hudobna usoda.

hudobne govorice

— Malicious rumors.

Ne verjemi hudobnim govoricam.

hudobna narava

— An evil or malicious nature.

Njegova hudobna narava je očitna.

hudoben kot hudič

— Mean as the devil.

Ta sosed je hudoben kot hudič.

hudobno srce

— An evil heart.

Imaš hudobno srce.

hudobna igra

— A wicked game or plot.

To je le hudobna igra.

hudobni namen

— Malicious intent.

Njegov namen je bil hudoben.

اغلب اشتباه گرفته می‌شود با

hudoben vs hud

Means angry or severe, not necessarily evil.

hudoben vs slab

Means bad in quality or health, not character.

hudoben vs nesramen

Means rude, which is less severe than evil.

اصطلاحات و عبارات

"hudobni jeziki"

— Refers to people who spread malicious gossip or rumors.

Hudobni jeziki pravijo, da bosta šla narazen.

informal

"imeti hudobno oko"

— To have the 'evil eye', a superstitious belief that one can cause harm by looking at someone.

Stara mama pravi, da ima soseda hudobno oko.

folklore

"hudoben kot pes"

— To be extremely mean or ill-tempered (literally 'mean as a dog').

Danes je hudoben kot pes.

informal

"prodati dušo hudobcu"

— To sell one's soul to the devil (hudobec is a noun related to hudoben).

Za denar bi prodal dušo hudobcu.

literary

"hudobija ga bo pokopala"

— His own malice will be his downfall.

Pazi se, hudobija te bo pokopala.

informal

"vse se vrača, vse se plača"

— Not directly using the word, but often said in response to 'hudobna dejanja' (what goes around comes around).

Ne skrbi, vse se vrača, vse se plača.

proverb

"hudobna kri"

— Bad blood or a malicious streak in a family.

V tej družini je hudobna kri.

informal

"sejati hudobijo"

— To sow malice or discord.

Povsod, koder hodi, seje hudobijo.

literary

"hudoben do kosti"

— Mean to the bone.

Ta človek je hudoben do kosti.

informal

"hudobna ura"

— A 'wicked hour' or a time of great misfortune.

Prišla je njegova hudobna ura.

archaic

به‌راحتی اشتباه گرفته می‌شود

hudoben vs hud

They share the same root.

'Hud' is a temporary state (angry) or a measure of intensity (severe). 'Hudoben' is a permanent character trait (evil).

Oče je hud (angry), ker sem bil hudoben (mean).

hudoben vs slab

Both translate to 'bad' in English.

'Slab' is for skills, objects, or health. 'Hudoben' is for moral character.

Slab (bad) voznik ni nujno hudoben (evil) človek.

hudoben vs zloben

They are almost identical in meaning.

'Zloben' is derived from 'zlo' (evil) and is slightly more formal. 'Hudoben' is more common in speech.

Zlobni (wicked) načrti hudobnega (mean) kralja.

hudoben vs hudoben vs hudobija

Adjective vs Noun.

'Hudoben' describes a person. 'Hudobija' is the act or the quality itself.

On je hudoben (adj). Njegova hudobija (noun) nima meja.

hudoben vs nesramen

Both describe negative behavior.

'Nesramen' is about lack of manners (rude). 'Hudoben' is about intent to harm (evil).

Bil je nesramen (rude) do natakarja, a ni hudoben (evil).

الگوهای جمله‌سازی

Osebni zaimek + biti + hudoben.

On je hudoben.

Hudoben/na + samostalnik.

Hudobna čarovnica.

Ne bodi + hudoben + do + koga.

Ne bodi hudoben do brata.

Mislim, da je + oseba + hudobna.

Mislim, da je ona hudobna.

Njegov/njen + samostalnik + je + hudoben.

Njegov načrt je hudoben.

Zaradi + genitiv + je postal hudoben.

Zaradi revščine je postal hudoben.

Hudobna narava + samostalnika + se kaže v...

Hudobna narava režima se kaže v nasilju.

Substantiviran pridevnik kot subjekt.

Hudobni nikoli ne spijo.

خانواده کلمه

اسم‌ها

hudobija (malice)

hudobnež (mean person)

hudobec (the devil/evil person)

فعل‌ها

hudobiti (to act maliciously - rare)

صفت‌ها

hudoben (mean)

zloben (evil)

مرتبط

hud (angry)

hudič (devil)

hudo (badly/severely)

hudournik (torrent)

hudomušno (playfully/mischievously)

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نحوه استفاده

frequency

Common in stories and moral discussions.

اشتباهات رایج

On je hudobena. → On je hudoben. / Ona je hudobna.
The 'e' is a fill-in vowel that only appears in the masculine nominative. It shouldn't be kept when adding feminine endings.
On je hudoben na mene. → On je hud name.
If you mean 'He is angry with me', use 'hud'. 'Hudoben' means he is an evil person in general.
To je hudoben avto. → To je slab avto.
Use 'slab' for poor quality. 'Hudoben' implies the car has an evil soul.
Videla sem hudobna človeka. → Videla sem hudobnega človeka.
In the accusative case for an animate masculine noun, the ending must be '-ega'.
Hudoben jeziki pravijo... → Hudobni jeziki pravijo...
The plural nominative masculine form is 'hudobni'.

نکات

The Ephemeral 'E'

Always remember to drop the 'e' when you move away from the masculine nominative singular. It's 'hudoben' but 'hudobna', 'hudobnega', etc.

Don't Overuse It

If someone is just being a bit rude, use 'nesramen'. Reserve 'hudoben' for truly mean or evil behavior.

Learn the Noun

Learning 'hudobnež' (a mean person) alongside the adjective will help you describe characters more effectively.

Stress the Second Syllable

Putting the stress on 'DO' (hu-DO-ben) makes you sound much more native.

Fairy Tale Context

If you see the word in a book, look for 'čarovnica' (witch) nearby—it's the most common pairing!

Hud vs. Hudoben

If you want to say you are angry at someone, say 'Hud sem nate'. Don't say 'Hudoben sem nate' unless you are planning something evil!

Adjective Order

In Slovenian, the adjective almost always comes before the noun: 'hudoben volk', not 'volk hudoben'.

Mnemonic Device

Think of a 'Hooded Villain' who has 'Been' bad. Hud-o-ben.

Slang Use of Hud

Remember that only 'hud' can be slang for 'cool'. 'Hudoben' stays negative.

Slavic Roots

If you know other Slavic languages, be careful—the meaning of this root varies wildly across the family!

حفظ کنید

روش یادسپاری

Think of a 'Hood' (hud) who is 'Been' (ben) mean. A 'Hud-o-ben' person is someone who has always been bad in the neighborhood.

تداعی تصویری

Imagine a cartoon villain in a dark hood (hud) with a mean grin.

شبکه واژگان

evil mean wicked malicious zloben nesramen hudobija hudič

چالش

Try to describe three famous movie villains using the word 'hudoben' in different genders (masculine, feminine, plural).

ریشه کلمه

Derived from the Proto-Slavic root *xudъ, which originally meant 'poor', 'lean', or 'bad'.

معنای اصلی: Small, thin, or of poor quality.

Slavic

بافت فرهنگی

Be careful when calling someone 'hudoben' as it is a strong personal insult.

In English, 'mean' can be quite casual. In Slovenian, 'hudoben' often feels heavier, closer to 'wicked'.

The 'Hudobna mačeha' in Slovenian versions of Cinderella. The concept of 'hudobec' in Prešeren's poems. Villains in the films of Kekec.

تمرین در زندگی واقعی

موقعیت‌های واقعی

Fairy Tales

hudobna čarovnica
hudobni volk
hudobna mačeha
hudobni duh

Arguments

Ne bodi hudoben!
Zakaj si tako hudoben?
To je bilo hudobno.
Nisem hotel biti hudoben.

Describing People

On je hudoben človek.
Ima hudoben značaj.
Njena hudobna narava.
Hudobni sosed.

Movies/Books

glavni hudobnež
hudoben načrt
hudoben konec
hudobna vloga

Daily Gossip

hudobni jeziki
hudobne govorice
hudobne misli
širiti hudobijo

شروع‌کننده‌های مکالمه

"Ali misliš, da so ljudje po naravi hudobni?"

"Kdo je tvoj najljubši hudobnež iz filmov?"

"Si bil kdaj hudoben do koga in ti je bilo pozneje žal?"

"Zakaj so nekateri ljudje tako hudobni na internetu?"

"Ali je hudobna čarovnica vedno nujna v pravljici?"

موضوعات نگارش

Opiši trenutek, ko si videl hudobno dejanje.

Ali verjameš, da se hudobni ljudje lahko spremenijo?

Napiši kratko zgodbo o hudobnem volku, ki postane prijazen.

Kako se počutiš, ko je nekdo hudoben do tebe?

Razmisli o razliki med 'biti hud' in 'biti hudoben'.

سوالات متداول

10 سوال

Yes, it is stronger than 'mean' in English. It implies a degree of malice or evil intent. Calling someone 'hudoben' is a significant judgment of their character.

You use the superlative 'najbolj hudoben'. For example: 'On je najbolj hudoben človek, kar jih poznam.'

Usually, it is used for people, animals, or personified forces (like fate). Using it for an object like a 'hudoben avto' would sound like the car is haunted or sentient.

'Hud' means angry or severe. 'Hudoben' means evil or malicious. If you are 'hud', you might just need to cool down. If you are 'hudoben', you need a character change.

Yes, in the nominative singular. Other cases change the ending, like 'hudobne' (genitive) or 'hudobni' (dative).

Generally no. In Slovenian, 'hud' can sometimes mean 'cool' or 'intense' in slang, but 'hudoben' almost always retains its negative moral meaning.

It's like the 'ch' in 'Loch Ness' or 'Bach'. It's a soft rasping sound in the back of the throat.

'Zloben', 'pokvarjen', and 'nesramen' are the most common alternatives depending on the level of intensity.

No, only when adding an ending. In the masculine nominative singular 'hudoben', the 'e' is present. In 'hudobna', 'hudobno', 'hudobni', etc., it is gone.

It comes from a Proto-Slavic root meaning 'poor' or 'bad', which evolved in Slovenian to specifically mean 'malicious'.

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